Method for planting tea trees under moso bamboo forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting tea trees under a moso bamboo forest, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The tea tree fence strip constructed for solving the problem that the moso bamboo forest is extremely poor in water retention capacity can effectively intercept surface runoff, reduce water and soil loss and improve the ecological benefit of the moso bamboo forest, ecological and economic benefits are considered, tea trees can be effectively planted under the moso bamboo forest, the ecological environment can be improved, and economic benefits can be brought to the local area. The method is distributed along the contour line of the hillside in the forest, tea plant hedge strips are constructed, the purpose of effectively maintaining water and fertilizer can be achieved, and the survival rate of plants is increased. The Guilin No.1 tea tree selected by the method disclosed by the invention germinates very early, can be mined in the middle ten days of February in Guilin tea area, is one of the earliest varieties in the market throughout the country, and can seize the early market.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest. Background Art

[0002] Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carr.) H. de Lehaie) is a famous economic bamboo species in China. Moso bamboo forests in my country are mostly distributed around water systems or river source areas, accounting for about 66.7% of the total bamboo forest area in my country. Moso bamboo mainly forms new bamboos through clonal reproduction. This resource sharing strategy through physiological integration improves the competitiveness of moso bamboo in forest communities. Therefore, the area of ​​moso bamboo forests has shown a rapid growth trend in recent years. The replacement of evergreen broad-leaved forests or coniferous forests by moso bamboo forests will profoundly affect the ecological and hydrological functions of forests. The middle and upper reaches of the Lijiang River are one of the bases of moso bamboo forests in my country. Due to the high intensity of intensive bamboo forest management, the slope of the mountain is large, the rainfall and intensity are large and concentrated, and the ecological problems such as soil erosion and soil fertility maintenance are prominent, and its ecological and hydrological functions are relatively weak. Therefore, how to cultivate and utilize bamboo forest resources on a large scale and efficiently, and under the premise of protecting the ecological environment, carry out research and demonstration on bamboo forest ecological degradation system restoration technology, correct the ecological single problem existing in the current bamboo forest management process, so that bamboo forest can generate both greater economic benefits and significant ecological benefits in the production and management process, and improve the bamboo forest ecosystem service function, is an important issue to be solved at present. At present, there are many reports on interplanting medicinal materials and edible fungi under bamboo forests, but there are no reports on planting tea trees Guilu No. 1.

[0003] Guilu No. 1 (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntzecv. Guilvl) is a shrub-type medium-leaf variety with an open tree posture, strong bud-raising ability, and easy to grow into a garden. In the second round of national tea tree variety regional trials, its yield was 104.4% higher than the national control variety Fuding Dabaicha, ranking first. During the pilot test of the new Guilu No. 1 tea tree variety, a small amount of production can be put into production in the second year of planting. Because it sprouts very early, it can be harvested in Guilin tea area in mid-February. It is one of the earliest varieties listed in the country and is suitable for the development of early spring tea.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a method for planting tea trees under bamboo forests to solve the problems raised above.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this background technology is only used to increase the understanding of the background technology of the present invention and therefore, it may include information that does not constitute the prior art known to ordinary technicians in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest, which can effectively utilize forest resources, improve the ecological benefits of the bamboo forest, and achieve both ecological and economic benefits.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Site selection: select a bamboo forest with a slope of less than 35 degrees and a standing bamboo density of 100 to 200 plants per mu;

[0009] Step 2, land preparation: To reduce disturbance of the slope soil, the soil is not tilled before planting, only weeds and shrubs under the forest are cut, and the cut weeds and shrubs are left in place;

[0010] Step 3, seedling selection: select healthy one-year-old cutting tea seedlings;

[0011] Step 4, planting time and planting density: Planting in December before new buds sprout or January of the following year; distributed along the contour lines of the hillside, a tea plant strip is constructed every 2 to 3 meters on the slope, and each strip has two rows of single plants crossed in a finished product V-shaped hole, with a row spacing of 20 to 30 cm × 20 to 30 cm;

[0012] Step 5, planting method: first dig a 10cm×10cm planting hole, put an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer in each soil hole, mix it with the soil, put the seedlings in, cover the soil and compact it, avoid the bamboo root whip system during the tea tree planting process, and after the seedlings are planted, evenly place the weeds cut in the early stage on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings; this can not only reduce the evaporation of water in the soil at the roots of the tea seedlings, which is conducive to improving the survival rate of the tea seedlings, but also improve the plant hedges to intercept the soil erosion on the uphill position, and become a micro buffer dam for the uphill rainwater to seep through the plant hedge roots, thereby reducing surface runoff;

[0013] Step 6: Carry out regular water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control after planting;

[0014] Step 7, Harvesting: Harvesting should be done in mid- to late February. The first three years after planting is the formation period of the tea plant hedge, during which time water, fertilizer, disease and pest management should be strengthened.

[0015] Preferably, in step 3, the cutting tea seedlings are bare-root early sprout seedlings with a ground diameter ≥5mm, a seedling height ≥20cm, and no diseases or insect pests.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3, the cutting tea seedlings are early bud varieties of tea trees, Guilu No. 1.

[0017] Preferably, in step 4, the spacing between rows and plants is 20 cm×30 cm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 5, the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer containing organic matter ≥ 40%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 6%, effective live bacteria count ≥ 20 million / g and suitable for acidic substrate / soil.

[0019] The above technical solution can improve the plant rhizosphere microbial community, improve the acidic soil matrix, enhance the plant's disease and insect resistance, and promote plant growth.

[0020] Preferably, in step 6, water and fertilizer are mainly applied during the seedling stage. The first water and fertilizer (compound fertilizer) application in the planting year is in late April, with 10 kg per mu; the second time is in early July, with 15 kg per mu; the third time is in mid-to-late October, with 75 kg of organic compound fertilizer applied in the furrows per mu; the second and third years increase by 10% to 20% compared with the first year, and 150 to 200 kg of organic fertilizer per mu is applied in late autumn; the fertilization position is on the uphill side of the root system; winter garden cleaning (pruning, winter prevention, and basal fertilizer application) is carried out immediately after the end of autumn tea; winter prevention drugs are mainly used to prevent two pests, small green leafhoppers and mites, and weeds should be removed in time, and the weeds cut in the later management process are evenly placed on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings; spring and autumn are the budding seasons for a large number of tea trees. The top buds should be removed in the early stage to promote the growth of lateral buds and side branches.

[0021] The above technical solution can prevent water and fertilizer from being lost beyond the root system of tea trees on the one hand, and can also induce the roots to grow deep uphill through water and fertilizer, thereby intercepting underground flow.

[0022] Preferably, in step 7, tea is picked twice a year in the tea garden that has not yet been matured, and picking is arranged frequently, once a day or every other day, so as to obtain high yield, high quality and high efficiency of spring tea.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The tea hedge strips constructed by the present invention to address the problem of extremely poor water retention capacity of bamboo forests can effectively intercept surface runoff, reduce soil erosion, and improve the ecological benefits of bamboo forests, taking into account both ecological and economic benefits. Tea trees can be effectively planted under bamboo forests, which can not only improve the ecological environment but also bring economic benefits to the local area.

[0025] (2) The present invention is distributed along the contour lines of the hillside in the forest to construct tea plant hedge strips, which can effectively maintain water and fertilizer and increase the survival rate of plants.

[0026] (3) The Guilu No. 1 tea tree selected by the present invention germinates very early and can be harvested in the Guilin tea area in mid-February. It is one of the earliest varieties listed in the country and can seize the early market.

[0027] (4) The embodiments of the present invention are not only applicable to bamboo forests, but can also be extended to ecological restoration and agricultural planting of other similar forests or barren soils.

[0028] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a planting schematic diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a planting schematic diagram of Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of planting a comparative example of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency light response curve of the tea tree of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the trough device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of surface runoff and rainfall in different modes of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Site conditions: Select a bamboo forest with a standing bamboo density of 120 plants / mu and a slope of 30 degrees.

[0039] (2) Land preparation: First, the bamboo forest is cleared and the weeds and shrubs under the forest are cut. The cut weeds and shrubs are left in place to ensure the cleanliness of the planting area.

[0040] (3) Seedling selection: Select one-year-old healthy bare-root seedlings with a ground diameter ≥ 5 mm, a seedling height ≥ 20 cm, and no diseases or insect pests.

[0041] (4) Planting time and density: Planting should be done in December before new buds sprout or in January of the following year. According to the terrain and slope, the tea tree planting strips are planned along the contour lines to reduce soil erosion. A tea tree hedge strip is constructed every 2 to 3 meters on the slope. Each strip is planted in a double row of single plants in a finished product V-shaped hole, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 20 cm.

[0042] (5) Planting method:

[0043] Before planting, dig a planting hole first. Because the seedlings are small, a hole of about 10cm×10cm will be sufficient. Apply weak alkaline organic fertilizer evenly into the planting hole and mix it with the soil. The organic fertilizer should contain organic matter ≥40%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥6%, and an effective live bacteria count ≥20 million / g and is suitable for acidic matrix / soil to improve soil structure and increase organic matter content, which is beneficial to the expansion and absorption of the tea tree roots.

[0044] When planting, place the seedlings in the pre-dug planting holes, cover and compact the soil, and ensure that the roots of the seedlings are in close contact with the soil. After the seedlings are planted, the weeds cut earlier are evenly placed horizontally on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings. This can not only reduce the evaporation of water in the soil at the roots of the tea seedlings, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of the tea seedlings, but also improve the ability of the hedgerows to intercept soil erosion on the uphill side, and become a micro buffer dam for rainwater on the uphill side to infiltrate through the roots of the hedgerows, thereby reducing surface runoff.

[0045] The bamboo root whip system should be avoided during tea tree planting.

[0046] (6) Water and fertilizer management: After planting, water and fertilizer management should be carried out in a timely manner according to the growth of tea trees. Water and fertilizer are mainly applied during the seedling stage. The first application of compound fertilizer in the planting year should be in late April, with 10 kg per mu; the second application should be in early July, with 15 kg per mu; the third application should be in mid-to-late October, with 75 kg of organic compound fertilizer applied in the ditch per mu; the second and third years should increase by 10% to 20% compared with the first year, and 150 to 200 kg of organic fertilizer should be applied per mu in late autumn. Fertilization should be carried out on the uphill side of the root system to promote the growth of the root system uphill. Before each fertilization, weeds should be cut and evenly placed horizontally on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings to reduce water evaporation and surface runoff. Winter garden cleaning (pruning, winter protection, and basal fertilizer application) should be carried out immediately after the end of autumn tea. Spring and autumn are the seasons when tea trees sprout a lot. The top buds should be removed to promote the growth of lateral buds and branches.

[0047] Pest and disease control: In winter, the main focus should be on preventing pests such as green leafhoppers and mites, and weeds should be removed in a timely manner to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0048] (7) Harvesting: Tea is harvested in mid- to late February. Tea gardens that have not yet matured are harvested twice a year. During harvesting, tea leaves are picked in a timely manner according to the growth of the tea trees and the quality of the tea leaves. Generally, tea leaves are picked every day or every other day to obtain high yield, high quality and high efficiency of spring tea. The first three years after planting is the formation period of tea plant hedges. During this period, water, fertilizer, and pest and disease management should be strengthened.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that: 1. A bamboo forest with a standing bamboo density of 180 plants / mu and a slope of 20 degrees is selected; 2. The planting row spacing is 20 cm and the plant spacing is 30 cm.

[0051] The bamboo forest of the present embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is located in Lantian Yaozu Township, Lingchuan County, Guangxi, with a geographical location of 110°18′E, 25°4′N, and an altitude of 310m. It belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant rainfall and sufficient water, and the annual average rainfall is between 1300 and 2000mm. However, the spatial and temporal distribution is very different, and the annual distribution of precipitation is also uneven. The annual precipitation in the flood season accounts for more than 75% of the whole year, and the months of April to August account for about 70% of the whole year.

[0052] Comparison Example

[0053] The experimental site is located in the nursery of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi, with a geographical location of 110°12′E, 25°11′N, and an altitude of 170m. The annual average temperature is 19.2℃, the average temperature of the hottest month is 28.3℃, and the average temperature of the coldest month is 8.4℃. There is frost in winter and occasional snow. The annual rainfall is 1655.6mm, and the rainfall is concentrated in April, May, and June. There is less rainfall in autumn and winter, and the alternation of dryness and wetness is obvious. The annual average relative humidity is 78%, and the terrain is flat. The total nitrogen content of the soil in the experimental site is 1.54g·kg -1 , total P content 1.60g·kg -1 , total K content 5.93g·kg -1 The seedlings were from the same batch as in Examples 1 and 2, and were planted bare-root in the test plot, planted in a single row, with a planting spacing of 30 cm×30 cm. The fertilization level was the same.

[0054] 1. Determination of Growth and Physiological Indexes of Tea Trees Planted in Example 1, Example 2 and Control Example

[0055] 1.1 Determination of chlorophyll SPAD value, plant height, ground diameter and crown width

[0056] The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was measured using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Konica, Japan). Mature leaves with the same position and orientation were selected and the main veins of the leaves were avoided. Three leaves were measured for each treatment, and the average value was taken for two points on each leaf. Plant height and crown width were measured with a tape measure; ground diameter was measured with a vernier caliper; each treatment was repeated 10 times. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1 Effects of different implementation methods on tea tree growth

[0058]

[0059] From the variance analysis, it can be seen that there is no significant difference between the embodiment and the control example, but the plant height, base diameter and crown width increment of the embodiment are higher than those of the control example. Therefore, it can be shown that the environment under the forest is more conducive to the growth of tea trees.

[0060] 1.2 Determination of light response curve:

[0061] In early November, the light response curve of the functional leaves of the annual plant was measured using the Li-400 portable photosynthetic system from 9:00 to 12:00 on a sunny day. Before the measurement, the leaves to be tested were exposed to 1200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Induce for 15 min under photosynthetically active radiation (with the red and blue light sources provided by the instrument) to fully activate the photosynthetic system. Open airway, photosynthetically active radiation gradient of 1500, 1200, 800, 500, 200, 150, 100, 50 and 0 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The results are as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0062] Photosynthesis is the basic source of matter and energy in crop ecosystems and an important indicator for evaluating plant productivity. Its mechanism of action has become the theoretical basis for improving crop light energy utilization and increasing crop yields, and is also the theoretical basis for modern agricultural production. Figure 4 It can be seen that the net photosynthetic rate of the two treatments increased with the increase of light radiation, with similar upward trends and parabolic shapes. -2 ·s -1 When the light radiation increases, the net photosynthetic rate increases sharply, and the maximum value is reached in Example 1, which is between 500 and 1600 μmol·m -2 ·s -1When the temperature rises, it tends to level off, while the control example still increases slowly. The maximum value of the embodiment is 40% higher than that of the control example. The transpiration rate is higher than that of the control example. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of tea trees under the bamboo forest are higher than those in the flat nursery, and the transpiration rate is lower than that of the flat nursery. This also shows that the microclimate under the bamboo forest is suitable for the growth of tea trees.

[0063] 2. Benefit Analysis of Bamboo + Tea Tree Configuration Technology Model

[0064] 1. Ecological benefit analysis

[0065] 1) Methods

[0066] Installing grating under tea hedge pattern and pure bamboo forest ( Figure 5 ), three replicates. After each rain, the water flowing from the trough into the bucket was collected and measured. After one year, soil samples were taken from the trough and brought back to the laboratory for filtration with filter paper, and then dried to calculate the sediment content.

[0067] 2) Results

[0068] Through the collection and monitoring of 12 rainfall events, the results are as follows Figure 6 : When the rainfall range is 5.25-55.83mm, the surface runoff of pure bamboo forest and bamboo + tea configuration mode changes with the change of rainfall. Among them, the surface runoff in the pure bamboo forest control area is the largest, with an average of 1.87mm per unit area; while the surface runoff in the bamboo + tea (Guilu No. 1) model area is 1.36mm per unit area. Compared with the pure bamboo forest, the surface runoff of the bamboo + tea vegetation configuration mode is reduced by 27.35%. The annual sediment loss is the highest in the bamboo forest, which is 44.69g / m 2 , bamboo + tea reduced by 15.90% compared with bamboo forest. It can be seen that the bamboo + tea vegetation configuration mode can improve the water conservation function of the basin vegetation ecosystem. At the same time, the configuration mode of bamboo + economic plants can not only increase the economic income per unit area, but also improve the service function of the ecosystem, which has important practical significance for the sustainable development of regional ecology and economy.

[0069] 2. Economic Benefit Analysis

[0070] After the tea hedges were established, the annual bamboo growth rate and DBH were not affected. 31.3 new bamboos were grown per mu each year. Based on the price of 12 yuan per plant per DBH, the annual economic benefit of the bamboo forest was 376 yuan per mu. According to the above-mentioned tea hedge planting density, tea can be harvested twice a year. When the tea trees are not mature (3 years, and generally 5 years for the tea trees to be capped), 2366.6 grams of dry tea can be harvested per mu each time. Based on the average market price of 400 yuan per kilogram for Guilu No. 1 dry tea in the past three years, the annual economic benefit of the tea trees is 1893.3 yuan per mu (excluding the economic benefits of bamboo), which is 5 times the economic benefit of pure bamboo forest.

[0071] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0072] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Site selection: select a bamboo forest with a slope of less than 35 degrees and a standing bamboo density of 100 to 200 plants per mu; Step 2: Land preparation: Before planting, only cut the weeds and shrubs under the forest, and leave the cut weeds and shrubs in place; Step 3, seedling selection: select healthy one-year-old cutting tea seedlings; Step 4, planting time and planting density: Planting in December before new buds sprout or January of the following year; distributed along the contour lines of the hillside, a tea plant strip is constructed every 2 to 3 meters on the slope, and each strip has two rows of single plants crossed in a finished product V-shaped hole, with a row spacing of 20 to 30 cm × 20 to 30 cm; Step 5, planting method: first dig a 10cm×10cm planting hole, put an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer in each soil hole, mix it with the soil, put the seedlings in, cover the soil and compact it. During the tea tree planting process, avoid the bamboo root whip system. After the seedlings are planted, evenly place the weeds cut in the early stage on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings; Step 6: Carry out regular water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control after planting; Step 7, Harvesting: Harvesting should be done in mid- to late February. The first three years after planting is the formation period of the tea plant hedge, during which time water, fertilizer, disease and pest management should be strengthened.

2. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the cutting tea seedlings are bare-root early sprout seedlings with a ground diameter of ≥5mm, a seedling height of ≥20cm, and no diseases or insect pests.

3. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the cutting tea seedlings are early bud varieties of tea trees, Guilu No.

1.

4. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the spacing between rows and plants is 20 cm×30 cm.

5. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer containing organic matter ≥ 40%, N+P2O5+K2O ≥ 6%, effective live bacteria count ≥ 20 million / gram and suitable for acidic substrates / soils.

6. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 6, water and fertilizer are mainly applied during the seedling stage. The first water and fertilizer application in the planting year is in late April, with 10 kg of fertilizer applied per mu; the second water and fertilizer application is in early July, with 15 kg of fertilizer applied per mu; the third water and fertilizer application is in mid-to-late October, with 75 kg of organic compound fertilizer applied in the furrows per mu; the second and third years increase by 10% to 20% compared with the first year, and 150 to 200 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu in late autumn; the fertilization position is on the uphill side of the root system; winter garden cleaning is carried out immediately after the end of autumn tea; winter prevention drugs are mainly used to prevent two pests, small green leafhoppers and mites, and the weeds cut during the management process are all placed on the uphill side of the roots of each row of tea seedlings.

7. The method for planting tea trees under a bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, tea picking is performed twice a year in tea gardens that have not yet been matured. In spring, frequent picking can be arranged, such as picking once a day or every other day, so as to obtain high yield, high quality and high efficiency of spring tea.

Images