Cultivation technology for improving alkaloid content of thunberg fritillary bulb

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation technology for improving the alkaloid content of thunberg fritillary bulb, relates to the links of variety selection and sowing, field management and harvesting, and aims to improve the alkaloid content of the thunberg fritillary bulb and give consideration to the yield. Comprising the steps of proper variety selection and sowing, scientific field management, reasonable moisture and fertilizer management, effective intertillage weeding and pest control, timely flower picking, topping and shading, precise topdressing and timely harvesting. The Zhejiang fritillary bulb has better medicinal effects of clearing heat, eliminating phlegm, stopping coughing, detoxifying, removing stasis, eliminating carbuncle and the like, yield can be considered to a certain extent, the requirement of the Zhejiang fritillary bulb for the environment is met, the yield is kept flush with that of open-air cultivation, great reduction of the yield caused by quality improvement is avoided, and the goals of high quality and high yield are achieved. Meanwhile, cultivation is conducted under the fallen leaf forest to improve the land utilization rate, the market requirement is met, the development of the thunberg fritillary bulb industry is promoted, and therefore the win-win situation of ecological benefits and economic benefits is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation technology for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii. Background Art

[0002] Fritillaria thunbergii is the dried bulb of the herbaceous plant Fritillaria thunbergii of the genus Fritillaria in the family Liliaceae. It is one of the famous "Eight Flavors of Zhejiang" and has important medicinal value. Its main effects include clearing away heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, detoxifying, dispersing nodules and eliminating carbuncle, etc. It is a common medicinal flavor in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. Fritillaria thunbergii contains active ingredients such as alkaloids, polysaccharides and total saponins. The alkaloids include fritillarin A, fritillarin B, fritillarin succinate, etc. The "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" (2020 edition) has clear provisions on its alkaloid content, but in actual random inspections, the content does not meet the standard from time to time.

[0003] Different plants produce different types of alkaloids in the process of adapting to the external environment. Their formation and accumulation are not only affected by the genetic characteristics of the plant itself, but also closely related to the surrounding ecological environment. In addition to genetic factors, there are abiotic environmental factors and biotic environmental factors. Abiotic environmental factors include light, temperature, water, soil nutrients, salt stress, pH and other factors that will affect alkaloid synthesis; biotic environmental factors include resistance to natural enemy invasion and disease. Wild resources of Fritillaria thunbergii grow in grass and forests on hillsides at an altitude of 100-300m. They are now mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan and other places. They are mainly produced in Xiangshan, Yinxian, Pan'an and Dongyang, Zhejiang. At present, Fritillaria thunbergii is mainly cultivated in the open air. However, existing research and cultivation techniques focus on increasing the yield of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs, but ignore the increase in alkaloid content. In addition, the bulb yield and alkaloid content are often negatively correlated, making it difficult to achieve the synergistic goal of high quality and high yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation technology that can effectively increase the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii while taking into account the yield, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and meet the demand of the Chinese medicinal material market for improving the quality of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0005] The cultivation technology for improving the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii described in the present invention can significantly improve the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii through a series of precise operations, including appropriate variety selection and sowing, scientific field management (such as reasonable water and fertilizer management, effective inter-tillage weeding and pest control, timely flower picking, topping and shading, and precise topdressing) and timely harvesting, so as to enable the Fritillaria thunbergii to have better medicinal effects such as clearing away heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, detoxifying, dispersing nodules and eliminating carbuncle, etc., and can also take into account the yield to a certain extent, adapt to the requirements of Fritillaria thunbergii on the environment, ensure the quality of medicinal materials, and can be cultivated under deciduous forests to improve land utilization rate, adapt to market demand, promote the healthy and stable development of the Fritillaria thunbergii industry, and thus achieve a win-win situation of ecological benefits and economic benefits.

[0006] The Fritillaria thunbergii cultivation technology of the present invention integrates a number of previous research results, including shading net shading experiments, potassium application amount experiments, shading and potassium fertilizer composite factor experiments and related transcriptome and metabolome studies, and organically integrates shading, reasonable fertilization (topdressing potassium fertilizer and foliar spraying of magnesium, iron and calcium elements) and other technologies to form a complete cultivation technology system for improving the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0007] The cultivation technology of the present invention aims to increase the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii while taking into account the yield, and involves the links of variety selection, sowing, field management (including water, fertilizer, intertillage and weeding, pest and disease control, flower picking, topping and shading, topdressing) and harvesting.

[0008] The present invention provides a cultivation technology for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1 Variety selection and sowing: Select Zhejiang Fritillaria No. 1 variety and sow from mid-September to mid-October; when sowing, place the seed bulb buds upwards and control the seed rate per mu to 400-500 kg; after sowing, cover the bed surface with materials such as straw; Select Zhejiang Fritillaria No. 1 variety to lay a good genetic foundation for subsequent growth, and its adaptability and effective ingredient accumulation characteristics are conducive to the healthy growth of plants and quality improvement; Sowing from mid-September to mid-October cleverly utilizes suitable climatic conditions to promote the smooth germination and rooting of seed bulbs and reduce the impact of environmental stress; Place the seed bulb buds upwards to ensure the normal emergence of young shoots and efficient photosynthesis, and ensure the normal development of plants; Reasonable seed rate of 400-500 kg per mu realizes the optimal utilization of land resources and balances group yield and individual growth; Covering the bed surface with straw after sowing plays a positive role in heat preservation and moisture retention, weed suppression, increasing soil fertility and improving soil structure, which together create a good start for the high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Zhejiang Fritillaria.

[0009] Specifically, the Fritillaria thunbergii No. 1 variety has specific genetic advantages, strong adaptability to the environment, can better grow and develop under specific soil, climate and other conditions, improve the survival rate and robustness of the plant, and its genetic characteristics are conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of effective ingredients such as alkaloids, thereby improving the medicinal quality of Fritillaria thunbergii. The Fritillaria thunbergii described in the present invention should not be continuously cropped, and the previous crop should be a gramineous and leguminous crop. The rotation interval should be more than 2 years. Reasonable rotation can improve soil structure and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0010] The climatic conditions from mid-September to mid-October are suitable for the germination and initial growth of Fritillaria thunbergii seed bulbs. At this time, the temperature gradually decreases, and the soil temperature and humidity are relatively stable, which is conducive to the rooting and germination of the seed bulbs in the soil, reducing the impact of adverse climatic factors such as high temperature or drought on the seed bulbs, and laying a good foundation for the growth of the plant.

[0011] Ensuring that the buds of the seed bulbs are facing upwards can allow the buds to emerge smoothly from the soil and reduce the situation where the buds are hindered in their growth in the soil. Buds facing upwards are conducive to the young buds quickly coming into contact with the air and light on the soil surface, promoting photosynthesis, providing sufficient energy for the growth of seedlings, enabling the plants to grow and develop normally, and reducing the occurrence of deformed seedlings.

[0012] A reasonable amount of seeds can ensure that there are enough plants within a certain planting area. The amount of seeds per mu can be controlled at 400-500 kg to make full use of land resources and conditions such as light and nutrients to maximize the group yield. At the same time, avoid using too much seed, which will lead to too dense growth of plants, causing nutrient competition, poor ventilation and light transmission, and affecting plant growth and yield quality. Using too little seed will cause a waste of land resources and fail to achieve the expected yield target.

[0013] After sowing, rice straw mulching has multiple functions. On the one hand, it can keep the seeds warm and moist. In seasons with lower temperatures, it can reduce the loss of soil heat, keep the soil temperature relatively stable, and be beneficial to the germination of bulbs and the growth of roots. At the same time, it can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, keep the soil moist, and provide suitable moisture conditions for seed germination and seedling growth. On the other hand, rice straw mulching can inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the competition between weeds and Fritillaria thunbergii seedlings for nutrients, water and light, and reduce the cost and labor intensity of weed control. In addition, after the rice straw gradually rots, it can also increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility, creating a more favorable soil environment for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0014] S2 Field management is closely linked and of great significance. Water management involves timely removal of stagnant water and maintaining appropriate humidity before and after seedling emergence, laying a solid foundation for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, avoiding root diseases, and ensuring the healthy development of the plants. In fertilizer management, the coordination of wood ash and various fertilizers and timely topdressing are like carefully preparing a nutritious meal for the plants, promoting their healthy growth, improving soil fertility, and optimizing the soil environment. Intertillage and weeding are carried out separately at different stages, just like creating a comfortable home for the plants. Intertillage loosens the soil, conserves moisture and prevents drought, and weeding reduces competition. and the breeding of diseases and pests; disease and pest control runs through the entire cycle, and a variety of means are used in combination to build a solid defense line for the plants to ensure that they are free from diseases and pests; flower picking and topping are carried out in a timely manner to reduce nutrient loss and promote nutritional growth, and shade nets are set up to adjust light, just like holding up a protective umbrella for the plants and creating a good microclimate; topdressing operations replenish key elements in time, just like injecting a source of vitality into the plants, promoting growth and accumulation of effective ingredients. Each link complements each other and is committed to improving the quality and yield of Zhejiang Fritillaria and promoting the good development of its industry.

[0015] S21 Water management: Before and during the emergence period, drain the water in the field in time after rain to ensure appropriate soil moisture and avoid root diseases caused by water accumulation; it can effectively prevent excessive soil moisture from causing root hypoxia, thereby reducing the risk of root diseases such as root rot, ensuring the healthy growth of the Fritillaria thunbergii root system, and providing a good foundation for the plant to absorb water and nutrients; at the same time, maintaining appropriate soil moisture will help the bulbs to germinate smoothly and the seedlings to grow healthily. Appropriate humidity can make the nutrients in the soil better dissolve and be absorbed by the roots, promote the normal physiological metabolic activities of the plant, and enhance the plant's resistance to stress.

[0016] S22 Fertilizer management: Use wood ash in combination with basal fertilizer, seed fertilizer, wax fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and flower fertilizer, and apply topdressing according to the growth of the plants in the later stage. It can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrients in different growth stages of Fritillaria thunbergii. Basal fertilizer provides long-term nutrients for the early growth of plants; seed fertilizer helps seed germination and early growth of seedlings; wax fertilizer supplements nutrients for plants in winter and enhances their cold resistance; seedling fertilizer promotes rapid growth of seedlings; flower fertilizer meets the special nutrient needs of the flowering period, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of plants and increasing the alkaloid content and yield; wood ash contains a variety of mineral elements. In addition to providing nutrients, it can also regulate soil pH, improve soil structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, which is beneficial to soil microbial activity, promotes the transformation and release of nutrients in the soil, and further improves fertilizer utilization.

[0017] S23 Intertillage and weeding: It includes intertillage and weeding. Intertillage in the early and middle stages of the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii can loosen the soil surface, increase soil aeration, facilitate root respiration, promote root growth and extension, and enhance the root's ability to absorb water and nutrients. Intertillage can cut off soil capillaries, reduce soil moisture evaporation, and play a role in moisture conservation. It helps to maintain soil moisture in the dry season and provide a stable moisture environment for plant growth. The loose soil environment is conducive to the reproduction and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil. These microorganisms participate in the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient conversion in the soil, providing more available nutrients for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. Weeding management is carried out from sowing to mid-December, which can effectively remove weeds and prevent weeds from competing with Fritillaria thunbergii for nutrients, water, light and space, so that Fritillaria thunbergii can obtain sufficient resources for growth and development, and improve yield and quality. Timely weeding can reduce the breeding and spread of pests and diseases, reduce the probability of pests and diseases, and help maintain the health of Fritillaria thunbergii plants.

[0018] S24 Disease and pest control: Disease and pest control of Fritillaria thunbergii runs through its entire growth cycle. Treat the soil before sowing, mix seeds with bulbs, cover with insect-proof nets or disinfect the soil before sowing and before emergence. From emergence to the early growth stage, tillage and weeding, use sugar and vinegar solution to kill and prevent gray mold, physical killing combined with chemical control in the middle growth stage, spray to protect bulbs in the late growth stage, and use a combination of prevention and control measures to ensure the healthy growth of the plants. The comprehensive use of a variety of prevention and control measures can reduce the harm of diseases and pests to Fritillaria thunbergii plants, avoid problems such as leaf damage, growth stunting, and bulb rot, ensure normal photosynthesis, nutrient absorption and metabolic activities of the plants, improve the immunity and stress resistance of the plants, thereby promoting the growth and development of Fritillaria thunbergii, increasing the alkaloid content and yield, and ensuring the quality of the medicinal materials.

[0019] S25 Flower picking, topping and shade net setting up: When the plant has 2-3 flowers blooming, choose the time after the dew has dried up, and pick the flowers together with the top flower shoots; when the plant has 2-3 flowers blooming, remove the flowers and the top flower shoots to avoid excessive nutrient consumption during the flowering and fruiting process, so that the plant can concentrate more nutrients on the growth of bulbs, promote bulb enlargement, and increase bulb yield and quality; at the same time, reduce the competition for nutrients for reproductive growth, which is beneficial to the growth of plant leaves and the enhancement of photosynthesis, provide more organic matter for bulb growth, and then increase the synthesis and accumulation of effective ingredients such as alkaloids. While picking flowers in early March, set up a shade net with a light transmittance of 40-50%. This can provide suitable lighting conditions during the peak growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii to avoid burns to the plants from strong direct sunlight in summer, while ensuring a certain light intensity to meet the needs of photosynthesis, which is beneficial to the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids and improves the quality of medicinal materials. At the same time, the shade net can lower the field temperature, reduce water evaporation, and keep the soil moisture relatively stable, creating a relatively cool and humid microclimate environment for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, which is beneficial to the growth and development of the plants, especially in the hot and dry season, and can effectively reduce the impact of environmental stress on the plants.

[0020] S26 Topdressing operation: Topdress immediately after setting up the shade net, and apply potassium sulfate fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 20-25kgK2Ohm -2; At the same time, foliar fertilization is carried out, and magnesium, iron, and calcium are sprayed. A total of 3 sprays are applied. The first spray is carried out after the flowers are picked and topping is carried out, and then the second and third sprays are carried out at intervals of 10-15 days; potassium sulfate fertilizer is applied immediately after setting up the shade net to provide sufficient potassium for the later growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. Potassium participates in multiple physiological metabolic processes in the plant body, such as photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis. It can enhance the plant's stress resistance, promote the transportation and accumulation of photosynthesis products to the bulb, and increase the bulb yield and quality. It also has a positive effect on the synthesis of alkaloids; foliar spraying of magnesium, iron, and calcium can quickly replenish the trace elements required for plant growth. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll and participates in photosynthesis; iron participates in physiological processes such as redox reactions and respiration in plants; calcium plays an important role in the formation and stability of cell walls, the permeability of cell membranes, and the stress resistance of plants. Foliar topdressing during the critical period after flower picking and topping can meet the plant's growth needs in a timely manner, promote healthy plant growth, increase alkaloid content, enhance the plant's resistance to stress, and ensure the yield and quality of Zhejiang Fritillary.

[0021] S3 Harvesting: In early to mid-May, after the aboveground part of Fritillaria thunbergii withers, choose a sunny day for harvesting. At this time, the Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs have basically matured, the nutrients have accumulated more fully, and the alkaloid content has reached a high level. Harvesting on a sunny day is conducive to timely drying of the Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs after digging, reducing the moisture content, reducing the risk of rot, and ensuring the quality and efficacy of the medicinal materials; after the aboveground part withers, the stems and leaves of the plant no longer block the line of sight, making it easy to accurately find the position of the bulbs for digging, reducing damage to the bulbs during the digging process; at the same time, the withered stems and leaves are relatively brittle and easy to clean, which is conducive to improving harvesting efficiency and reducing labor intensity. Choosing the right time and weather for harvesting can ensure that the Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs are in a good state after harvesting, which is convenient for subsequent drying, grading, packaging and other processing, and is conducive to long-term storage, extending the shelf life of the medicinal materials, ensuring its quality stability during storage, and providing guarantees for market supply.

[0022] Determining the sowing depth according to the size of the seed bulbs is to accurately match the growth characteristics of different specifications of Zhejiang Fritillary bulbs, thereby optimizing its growth environment, promoting the overall growth and development of the plant, and improving the scientificity and refinement of the cultivation technology.

[0023] Preferably, in the sowing operation of variety selection and sowing in step S1, the sowing depth of the seed bulb is determined according to the size of the seed bulb, specifically: when the seed bulb size is ≤80 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 14-20cm; when the seed bulb size is 81-120 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 12-14cm; when the seed bulb size is 121-160 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 5-12cm; when the seed bulb size is >160 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 3-4cm.

[0024] For large-sized bulbs ≤80 pieces / kg, deeper sowing can provide them with a more stable growth environment, which is conducive to deep rooting and later growth, while reducing the impact of external factors on the bulbs and improving their growth stability; the sowing depth of medium-sized bulbs of 81-120 pieces / kg is 12-14cm, which can ensure a certain stability while placing the bulbs in a suitable soil layer, which is conducive to root growth and nutrient absorption, and promotes healthy growth of plants; the sowing depth of smaller-sized bulbs of 121-160 pieces / kg is 5-12cm, which can avoid poor root growth due to too shallow sowing, and can quickly obtain suitable temperature, humidity and oxygen conditions in the shallow soil, which is conducive to germination and seedling growth; the sowing depth of very small bulbs of >160 pieces / kg is 3-4cm, which ensures that they can quickly emerge from the shallow soil layer, reduce the difficulty of germination and the obstruction of seedling growth caused by sowing too deep, and improve the emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings.

[0025] Water management creates a suitable moisture environment for Fritillaria thunbergii by precisely regulating soil moisture at different growth stages, ensuring the normal progress of its physiological activities. It is one of the key factors in achieving high-quality and high-yield cultivation, and reflects the scientific and targeted nature of cultivation management.

[0026] Preferably, step S21 water management in step S2 field management includes: keeping the soil moist from sowing to emergence, draining and irrigating in time according to weather and soil moisture conditions after emergence, and maintaining the soil moisture content between 15-25%.

[0027] Keeping the soil moist from sowing to emergence can provide sufficient water for the germination of seed bulbs, ensure smooth germination of seeds, increase the emergence rate, and lay a good foundation for growth; after emergence, timely drainage and irrigation should be carried out according to weather and soil moisture conditions to maintain the soil moisture content between 15-25%, which can ensure normal respiration and nutrient absorption of the plant roots, promote healthy growth of the plant, enhance stress resistance, and improve yield and quality.

[0028] Fertilization management is based on the nutritional needs of Zhejiang Fritillary at different growth stages. It accurately applies a variety of fertilizers and combines them with wood ash to scientifically adjust soil fertility to provide comprehensive and continuous nutrient support for plant growth. This is an important guarantee for the good growth and development of Zhejiang Fritillary and the rich accumulation of effective ingredients, and reflects the key role of refined fertilization management in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0029] Furthermore, in the step S2 field management, step S22 fertilization management includes the application of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, winter fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and flower fertilizer, and the use of plant ash and other fertilizers in each time period, wherein the base fertilizer is decomposed fence fertilizer or chicken manure, and fully decomposed fence fertilizer is applied when turning the soil, and the application amount is 22500-30000kg / hm², or chicken manure is applied, and the application amount is 6000-7500kg / hm²; seed fertilizer is applied before sowing or before covering the soil after sowing, including calcium magnesium phosphate 50 0-600kg / hm² and coke ash 6500-8500kg / hm²; Winter fertilizer is applied to the bed surface in mid-to-late December with decomposed human feces and urine or triple compound fertilizer (15:15:15), the amount of human feces and urine is 10000-20000kg / hm², and the amount of triple compound fertilizer is 200-400kg / hm²; Seedling fertilizer is applied after all seedlings have grown. After all seedlings have grown, first apply thin decomposed human feces and urine 7500-11250kg / hm² or triple compound fertilizer 50-150 kg / hm², apply seedling fertilizer again after an interval of 10-15 days, and apply wood ash 1000-2000kg / hm² or potassium sulfate 70-90kg / hm² 2-3 days after the first application of seedling fertilizer; flower fertilizer is applied during the budding stage, and urea 70-80kg / hm² and potassium sulfate 70-90kg / hm² are applied during budding; at the same time, after picking the flowers and topping, topdress according to the growth of the seedlings and soil fertility, supplement phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium.

[0030] The ternary compound fertilizer (15:15:15) mentioned in the cultivation technology of Fritillaria thunbergii has a fixed ratio, that is, the content ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) is 15%. This fixed ratio of compound fertilizer plays an important role in the different growth stages of Fritillaria thunbergii, providing relatively balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients for the plant to meet its growth and development needs. In actual agricultural production, although there are other ternary compound fertilizers with different ratios to choose from, this ratio is clearly specified in the cultivation technology of the present invention. It has been verified in practice or studied in terms of promoting the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii and increasing the alkaloid content, and has certain scientificity and rationality. In different fertilization periods such as winter fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, and flower fertilizer, it is applied according to the prescribed amount according to the growth needs of Fritillaria thunbergii, which helps to regulate the nutritional growth and reproductive growth of the plant, enhance the stress resistance of the plant, and promote bulb development and alkaloid synthesis.

[0031] In the selection of base fertilizer and seed fertilizer, it is recommended to use wood ash. Wood ash contains a variety of mineral elements, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. These elements play an important role in the growth and development of Fritillaria thunbergii. They can improve the soil structure, increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, and provide a good soil environment for the root growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. At the same time, the potassium elements it contains can provide certain nutrient support for the early growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, which is conducive to the development of the root system and the healthy growth of seedlings. In addition to the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer stages, in the later growth stage of Fritillaria thunbergii, when fertilizing or foliar topdressing is carried out according to the growth of the plant, if it is necessary to supplement nutrients such as potassium fertilizer in the later stage, wood ash can also be used as a priority choice. After applying potassium sulfate fertilizer to the soil, when the plant's demand for potassium is still not fully met, or in order to further adjust the physical and chemical properties of the soil, applying wood ash in moderation can play a role in supplementing nutrients, balancing soil pH, and promoting the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, especially in increasing the alkaloid content, because potassium plays an important role in the physiological metabolism of plants and the synthesis of secondary metabolites alkaloids, and the potassium in wood ash can be slowly released to continuously provide nutrients for the plant. Wood ash is used in conjunction with other fertilizers such as decomposed farm organic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, etc. to jointly build the nutritional system required for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. It complements other fertilizers, not only providing a variety of mineral elements, but also synergizing with organic fertilizers to improve the soil environment, increase soil fertility, and promote the activity of microorganisms in the soil, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of various nutrients by Zhejiang Fritillary, laying the foundation for increasing the yield and alkaloid content of Zhejiang Fritillary. When wood ash is used together with organic fertilizers such as decomposed manure or chicken manure, the organic fertilizer provides rich organic matter, improves soil structure and fertilizer and water retention capacity, while wood ash supplements specific mineral elements to make soil nutrients more comprehensive and balanced.

[0032] Base fertilizer provides a long-term nutrient foundation. It is applied when the soil is turned over with decomposed fence manure or chicken manure to improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter, and create a fertile soil environment for the early growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. Seed fertilizer is applied before and after sowing. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and charred mud ash provide key nutrients for seed germination and early growth of seedlings, and promote the healthy emergence of seedlings. Wax fertilizer is applied in mid-to-late December. Decomposed human feces or triple compound fertilizer enhances the plant's cold resistance, ensures winter growth, and accumulates nutrients for next year's growth. Seedling fertilizer is applied in stages after the seedlings are all grown. First, apply thin human feces or triple compound fertilizer to promote seedling growth, and then apply wood ash or potassium sulfate to supplement potassium, thereby enhancing plant resistance and photosynthesis. Urea and potassium sulfate are applied as flower fertilizers during the budding stage to meet the nitrogen and potassium requirements during the flowering period, promote reproductive growth, and ensure flowering quality. After picking the flowers and topping them, topdressing is applied according to the seedling vigor and soil fertility to supplement a variety of elements, balance plant nutrition, promote bulb enlargement, and increase yield and quality.

[0033] Intertillage operations, through moderate intertillage in specific periods combined with reasonable weed control management, can effectively improve the soil environment and control weed growth, thereby creating good soil conditions and spatial environment for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. This is of great significance for ensuring the normal growth and development of the plants and reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests, and reflects the positive impact of refined field management on the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0034] Furthermore, in the field management of step S2, step S23 is a tillage operation, the tillage depth is 3-5 cm, the tillage frequency is 2-3 times, which are respectively carried out after emergence and in the middle of plant growth; weeding management is carried out from sowing to mid-December, and when there are many weeds on the bed surface, 4000-4500 ml / hm² of glyphosate aqueous solution is used for chemical weeding. The use of herbicides is stopped before and after emergence and during the growth period, and manual weeding is carried out on sunny days after the dew has dried up, once every 1-2 weeks.

[0035] The root system of Fritillaria thunbergii is relatively shallow, and shallow tillage can avoid damaging the root system and ensure the normal absorption function of the root system. At the same time, shallow tillage is enough to loosen the soil surface, increase soil permeability, promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms in the soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, and provide more nutrients for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. The tillage depth is 3-5cm, the number of times is 2-3 times, and it is carried out after emergence and in the middle of growth, which has the effect of loosening the soil, increasing aeration and water retention, promoting root growth and nutrient absorption, enhancing plant resistance, and facilitating the healthy growth of plants. Weeding management is implemented from sowing to mid-December. When there are many weeds, glyphosate aqueous solution is used for chemical weeding. Manual weeding after the dew dries up on sunny days in other periods can effectively remove weeds, reduce the competition between weeds and Fritillaria thunbergii for nutrients, water and light, reduce the risk of pests and diseases, and ensure sufficient space and resources for plant growth. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide that can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, but it must be used in strict accordance with the prescribed dosage to avoid excessive use of the agent to cause phytotoxicity to Fritillaria thunbergii. Chemical weeding with a glyphosate solution of 4000-4500ml / hm² can achieve a sufficient and efficient weed control effect on the cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii without causing phytotoxicity. Manual weeding is carried out on sunny days after the dew has dried. At this time, the weeds are relatively tender and easy to pull out, and the Fritillaria thunbergii plants are relatively hard and not easily injured. When weeding, weeds should be pulled out by the roots to prevent weed regeneration. During the growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, timely weeding can reduce the competitive pressure of weeds on the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, so that the plants can obtain more sufficient resources, which is conducive to the healthy growth of the plants, thereby increasing the alkaloid content and yield. At the same time, manual weeding can also loosen the soil and play a certain role in inter-cultivation. Throughout the growing season, weeding should be carried out regularly every 1-2 weeks according to the growth of weeds to ensure that there is no weed damage in the field.

[0036] Pest and disease control uses a series of comprehensive and targeted measures from before sowing to the late growth stage to reduce the base number of pests and diseases at the source, prevent their occurrence, and promptly lure and control them, ensuring that Zhejiang Fritillary is protected from or has reduced damage by pests and diseases throughout its growth cycle, ensuring the healthy growth of the plants and the quality and safety of the medicinal materials. This is of key significance to achieving high-quality, high-yield and sustainable cultivation of Zhejiang Fritillary, and reflects the importance of green, scientific and systematic pest and disease control concepts in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0037] Furthermore, the pest control in step S24 of the field management in step S2 specifically includes the following steps: before sowing in mid-September to mid-October, the soil is tilled to a depth of 25-30 cm in combination with land preparation to expose the pupae and larvae of pests in the soil to the surface, thereby reducing the number of pests; at the same time, lime is applied at a rate of 1025-1500 kg / hm² to acidic soil to adjust the soil pH value and inhibit the growth of some pathogens; during the sowing period from mid-October to early February of the following year and before emergence, multiple Mix the seeds with fungicides such as bacillus-methyl and fludioxonil, and use soil disinfectants such as dazomethane and chlorpyrifos for fumigation and disinfection. Sow seeds after the agents evaporate. After sowing, cover the bed with insect-proof nets to prevent adult pests from migrating in and laying eggs. From early February to late March, carry out inter-row cultivation and weeding during the seedling emergence period and the early growth period. At the same time, place sugar and vinegar liquid traps at certain intervals in the field. The sugar and vinegar liquid is prepared in the ratio of sugar: vinegar: wine: water = 2-3: 1-4: 1-2: 2-3, add a small amount of insecticides such as trichlorfon, and replace the sugar and vinegar liquid regularly. Liquid to ensure the trapping effect; in late February, Fritillaria thunbergii is prone to gray mold. Before the disease occurs, protective fungicides such as mancozeb and chlorothalonil are used for rotation spraying prevention, spraying once every 7-10 days, and spraying continuously for 2-3 times; in the middle growth period from late March to late April, use frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adult pests such as scarabs, turn them on at regular intervals every night and turn them off during the day, and clean up the trapped pests in time. At the same time, use polyoxin, Wuyi bactericidal and other biological fungicides to prevent and control black spot disease, and use Bacillus thuringiensis, matrine, etc. Use biological pesticides to control pests, use phoxim, chlorpyrifos and other agents for root irrigation to control beetle larvae and grubs, use imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other agents for spray control to control aphids, strictly adhere to the pesticide safety interval to avoid excessive pesticide residues; in the late growth period from late April to early to mid-May, use fungicides such as fenpropimorph and fludioxonil in combination with insecticides such as high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate and deltamethrin for spray protection before harvesting to prevent the bulbs from being infected by pests and diseases, and ensure that the bulbs do not carry pests and diseases into the storage period.

[0038] Before sowing, till the soil and apply lime to reduce the pest base and adjust the soil pH value, inhibit pathogens, create a favorable soil ecological environment for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, and reduce the risk of diseases and pests; during the sowing period, mix the bulbs with seeds, disinfect the soil and cover with insect-proof nets before emergence to prevent seed-borne diseases and pests, and protect the safe germination and growth of bulbs and seedlings; during the emergence period, combine inter-row cultivation and weeding with sugar and vinegar liquid traps in the early growth period to remove weeds and lure and kill pests at the same time, reduce the breeding conditions of diseases and pests, reduce the insect population density, and preventive spray protection before the disease occurs to effectively prevent the occurrence of gray mold; in the middle growth period, combine physical, biological and chemical control to lure and kill adult insects, prevent diseases and pest larvae, ensure the healthy growth of plants, reduce the use of pesticides, avoid environmental pollution, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products; in the late growth period, spray to protect the bulbs to prevent infection by diseases and pests, ensure that Fritillaria thunbergii is not affected by diseases and pests before harvest, ensure the quality of the bulbs, and facilitate storage and subsequent processing and utilization.

[0039] The operations of flower picking, topping and setting up shade nets optimize the nutrient distribution and light conditions for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii by timely removing the reproductive growth parts and creating a suitable shade environment. It is of great significance to promote nutritional growth, increase the content of effective ingredients, reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, and stabilize the growth environment of the plant. It is one of the key management measures to achieve high-quality and high-yield cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii, and reflects the precise grasp of the growth characteristics and environmental requirements of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0040] Furthermore, the flower picking and topping operation in step S25 of the field management in step S2 includes the following specific steps: when 2-3 flowers of the Fritillaria thunbergii plant are in bloom, the flowers are picked and toppled in the morning on a sunny day after the dew has completely evaporated, and the flowers and the top flower tips are picked together with scissors or by hand, and damage to the leaves and stems of the plant is avoided during the operation. The removed flowers and flower tips are collected and taken out of the field for deep burial or incineration to prevent pests and diseases from breeding and multiplying on the residues and then spreading to other plants; the setting up of the shade net is carried out at the same time as the flower picking operation in early March. The material of the shade net is weather-resistant plastic or shade mesh cloth, and the light transmittance is controlled within the range of 40-50%. The shade net is supported by a bracket and the construction height is 1.5-2.5m from the ground to ensure that the Fritillaria thunbergii plants can obtain uniform shading effect.

[0041] Flower picking and topping are carried out in the morning on sunny days during a specific period to reduce nutrient consumption, promote the accumulation of nutrients in the bulbs, increase bulb yield and quality, and centralized treatment of residues can prevent the spread of diseases and pests and protect plant health. At the beginning of March, a shade net with appropriate light transmittance is set up to provide appropriate light for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, avoid damage from direct sunlight, reduce field temperature, maintain soil moisture, create a good microclimate, which is beneficial to plant photosynthesis and growth and development and promotes alkaloid synthesis.

[0042] Precisely control the time of setting up the shade net for Fritillaria thunbergii, and do it simultaneously with the flower picking operation in early March, so as to provide suitable light conditions for the later growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, avoid the inhibition of alkaloid synthesis by excessive light, and reduce the adverse effects of premature shading on early growth. Strictly limit the light transmittance of the shade net to 40-50%, ensure that Fritillaria thunbergii can obtain sufficient light for photosynthesis during growth, and promote the accumulation of alkaloids in a moderate shade environment, and optimize the alkaloid synthesis pathway by adjusting the light intensity. Clarify the amount of potassium sulfate fertilizer applied after setting up the shade net, provide sufficient potassium for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs, promote bulb development, and regulate alkaloid metabolism and increase alkaloid content in coordination with light conditions to a certain extent. Standardize the type, concentration and number of spraying of magnesium, iron and calcium elements on the leaves, and enhance the physiological activity of Fritillaria thunbergii plants by supplementing these trace elements, promote photosynthesis, enzyme activity regulation and other physiological processes, and thus have a positive impact on the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids.

[0043] The wild environment of Fritillaria thunbergii is mostly under certain shading conditions. By setting up a shade net with appropriate light transmittance at a specific period, the native environment is simulated to reduce the damage of strong light to the plant, regulate the activity of photosynthesis-related enzymes, and promote the expression of alkaloid synthesis-related genes, thereby increasing the alkaloid content. Potassium plays an important role in the development of rhizomes during plant growth. Appropriate topdressing of potassium sulfate fertilizer provides sufficient nutrients for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs, enhances the stress resistance and material metabolism capacity of the plant, and is conducive to the synthesis and transformation of alkaloid precursors, thereby increasing the alkaloid content. Trace elements such as magnesium, iron, and calcium participate in a variety of physiological metabolic processes in plants. Magnesium is a component of chlorophyll, iron participates in electron transfer and enzymatic reactions, and calcium plays an important role in cell structure and signal transduction. Foliar spraying of these trace elements can promote the normal physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration, provide sufficient energy and material basis for alkaloid synthesis, and synergistically increase the alkaloid content.

[0044] The topdressing operation combines the application of potassium fertilizer to the soil and the spraying of trace elements on the leaves to accurately supplement a variety of nutrients during the critical growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, coordinate the nutritional balance of the plant, promote physiological metabolism and growth and development, and is of great significance for increasing the alkaloid content, enhancing stress resistance, and improving yield and quality. It reflects the key role of scientific fertilization in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials.

[0045] Furthermore, the topdressing operation in step S26 of the field management in step S2 includes soil topdressing and foliar topdressing. The soil topdressing uses high-quality potassium sulfate fertilizer, and within 24 hours after the flowers are picked and the nets are set up in early March, 20-25 kg K2Ohm is applied immediately. -2Spread it evenly in a circular area 5-10cm away from the root of the plant, avoiding leaves from getting it on. Then shallowly till the soil by 3-5cm, and then water it thoroughly within 1-2 hours by drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Spray 80-120ml / m², 90-110mg / L magnesium sulfate, 80-120ml / m², 0.65-0.85mol / of chelated iron and 80-120ml / m², 10-20mmol / L calcium chloride solution on the leaves. Apply the solution for the first time after picking the flowers and topping them, and then apply the solution for the second and third time after an interval of 10-15 days. Use a sprayer to evenly spray the solution on both sides of the leaves until they are moist and not dripping. Prepare and use immediately, and keep the distance between the nozzle and the leaves at 30-50cm.

[0046] Soil topdressing should be carried out in time after flower picking and netting. Potassium sulfate fertilizer provides potassium for the plants, promotes the transport and accumulation of photosynthesis products, and enhances stress resistance. Shallow tillage and soil mixing and timely irrigation ensure fertilizer absorption, which is beneficial to the growth and development of bulbs. Foliar topdressing is carried out by spraying magnesium, iron, and calcium solutions multiple times at specific times to quickly supplement medium and trace elements, promote physiological processes such as chlorophyll synthesis, enzyme activity, and cell wall formation, enhance photosynthesis and the overall function of the plant, and increase alkaloid content and yield.

[0047] The Fritillaria thunbergii cultivation technology of the present invention increases economic benefits due to the quality improvement brought about by the increased alkaloid content while ensuring that the yield of Fritillaria thunbergii is the same as that of open-air cultivation.

[0048] The harvesting time of Fritillaria thunbergii is in early to mid-May. At this time, the aboveground part of Fritillaria thunbergii withers, indicating that the plant growth has entered a specific stage and the underground bulbs have basically matured. Choosing to harvest at this time can ensure that the quality and yield of the bulbs reach a good level. If harvested too early, the bulbs have not yet fully developed, affecting the yield and alkaloid content; if harvested too late, the nutrients in the bulbs will be lost or they will be attacked by pests and diseases, reducing the quality. Choosing a sunny day for harvesting is conducive to timely drying of the Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs after excavation, reducing the moisture content and reducing the risk of rot. If harvested in rainy weather, the bulbs are easily contaminated with mud and are not easy to dry, which increases the chance of bacterial growth and is not conducive to subsequent storage and processing.

[0049] Cultivating Fritillaria thunbergii under chestnut forests has innovated the planting model, fully utilized the ecological and environmental characteristics of chestnut forests, achieved efficient and compound utilization of land resources, and provided unique ecological conditions for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii. This is of great significance to promoting the coordinated development of Chinese medicinal material cultivation and forestry ecological economy, and reflects the application value of ecological planting concepts in agricultural production.

[0050] Preferably, the application of the cultivation technology includes cultivating Fritillaria thunbergii under a deciduous forest, and the deciduous forest is a chestnut forest.

[0051] As a traditional economic crop in my country, chestnut has become one of the main economic forest tree species in my country due to its simple management, strong adaptability and good economy. The chestnut planting area in Zhejiang Province is about 60,000 hectares, which is one of the seven major economic forest tree species in Zhejiang Province. Chestnut forest is also a deciduous economic forest with a leaf fall period of up to 5 months, and the vegetation density during the leaf fall period is almost zero. This feature is considered to be the main reason for the loss of water, soil, nitrogen and phosphorus in chestnut forests, which has caused serious non-point source pollution and other problems. Intercropping and mixed planting in chestnut forests can effectively reduce soil loss and alleviate non-point source pollution and other problems. Wild resources of Fritillaria thunbergii are distributed in the shade of mountains and hills or under forests. At present, the medicinal materials mainly come from artificial open-air field cultivation. Its main production areas are distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places. According to the biological characteristics of chestnut forests and Fritillaria thunbergii, the overlap between the deciduous period (5 months) of chestnut forests in Zhejiang Province and the growth period (7 months) of Fritillaria thunbergii is more than 70%, and the leaf expansion period of chestnut forests is from the end of March to the beginning of April. The degree and time of shading have limited effects on the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii and are conducive to the formation of Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloids. Combined with the existing research results, intercropping chestnut forests and Fritillaria thunbergii can improve the utilization of forest resources and production efficiency. Taking advantage of the long deciduous period of chestnut forests and the overlap of the growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, while not affecting the growth of chestnut trees, it provides a suitable shading environment for Fritillaria thunbergii, promotes the growth and development of Fritillaria thunbergii, increases the alkaloid content, and improves the quality of medicinal materials; the chestnut forest ecosystem provides a relatively stable microclimate, soil conditions and possible ecological symbiotic effects for the growth of Fritillaria thunbergii, reduces the management cost input such as artificial shading, and increases the output efficiency per unit land area, promoting the diversification and sustainable development of agricultural ecosystems.

[0052] The invention provides a cultivation technology for Fritillaria thunbergii that significantly improves the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, and through the synergistic effect of measures such as shading by a shade net and reasonable fertilization, effectively improves the medicinal quality of Fritillaria thunbergii, enhances its medicinal efficacy, meets the market demand for high-quality Fritillaria thunbergii, and while improving the alkaloid content, maintains the yield at the same level as open-air cultivation, avoids the problem of a significant drop in yield due to quality improvement, achieves a balance between high quality and high yield, and improves the economic benefit of Fritillaria thunbergii cultivation; the Fritillaria thunbergii cultivation technology of the invention has strong feasibility and operability, and the technical measures involved are easy to implement and have relatively low costs, and is suitable for promotion and application in Fritillaria thunbergii planting areas, which is helpful to promote the sustainable development of the Fritillaria thunbergii industry, provides a new idea and method for the cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii, enriches the technical system of Chinese medicinal materials for cultivation, and has certain reference significance for the quality improvement research and cultivation technology improvement of other Chinese medicinal materials.

[0053] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Compared with the existing thunbergii bulb cultivation technology, the present invention not only significantly improves the alkaloid content of thunbergii bulb through a series of precise operations, including appropriate variety selection and sowing, scientific field management (such as reasonable water and fertilizer management, effective intertillage weeding and pest control, timely flower picking, topping and shading, precise topdressing) and timely harvesting, so that it has better medicinal effects such as clearing away heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, detoxifying, dispersing knots and eliminating carbuncle, but also takes into account the yield to a certain extent, adapts to the requirements of thunbergii bulb on the environment, ensures the quality of medicinal materials, and meets the market demand for high-quality thunbergii bulb; 2. The present invention is different from the traditional cultivation technology. Through the synergistic effect of a series of measures such as shading with shade nets, reasonable fertilization (including base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, winter fertilizer, seedling fertilizer, flower fertilizer and timely topdressing), precise sowing operation (variety selection, sowing time, seed amount, sowing depth), and scientific field management (water, intertillage and weeding, pest and disease control, flower picking and topping), the alkaloid content is increased while the yield is kept at the same level as open-air cultivation, avoiding a significant decrease in yield due to quality improvement, achieving the goal of high quality and high yield, and increasing the economic benefits of planting; 3. The present invention provides a cultivation technology for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, which proposes to cultivate Fritillaria thunbergii under a chestnut forest, taking advantage of the overlap between the deciduous period of the chestnut forest and the growth period of Fritillaria thunbergii, to provide a suitable shading environment for Fritillaria thunbergii, reduce the cost of artificial shading, improve the utilization rate of forest resources and production efficiency, promote the diversification and sustainable development of the agricultural ecosystem, and promote the healthy and stable development of the Fritillaria thunbergii industry, thereby achieving a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits; 4. The cultivation technology measures for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii of the present invention are easy to implement and relatively low in cost, and are suitable for promotion and application in Fritillaria thunbergii planting areas, thereby enhancing feasibility and operability, innovating planting patterns and resource utilization, and achieving a balance between high quality and high yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the effects of different shading treatments on the alkaloid content and bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the effect of potassium application on the bulb yield and potassium partial productivity of Fritillaria thunbergii. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between potassium application amount, bulb yield and the sum of the contents of fritillarin A and fritillarin B; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship analysis between leaf potassium concentration and Fritillaria thunbergii bulb yield; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the effects of combined factors of shading and potassium application on the bulb yield and bulb weight of Fritillaria thunbergii. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the effects of combined factors of shading and potassium application on the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbs; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the comparative test results of the anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antitussive effects of Fritillaria thunbergii treated with the combined factors of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the fold change in the expression level of the predicted structural gene of steroidal alkaloid metabolism affected by the combined factors of shading net and topdressing potassium fertilizer; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fold changes in the expression levels of predicted structural genes for starch and sucrose metabolism affected by the combined factors of shading nets and topdressing potassium fertilizers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not a limitation of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed. However, as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

[0056] 1. Experimental Methods 1.1 Experiment on shading with shade nets during the flowering period of Fritillaria thunbergii During the flowering period, six shading treatments were set, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90%. The results showed that ( Figure 1 ), shading treatment can significantly increase the alkaloid content by 12.2%-60.4% and reduce the bulb yield by 21.1%-76.5%.

[0057] Depend on Figure 1 It was found that shading treatment increased the alkaloid content. The contents of Peimine, Peiminine, Peimisine and total alkaloids were higher than those of the control (CK) at different shading levels, with the increase ranging from 12.2% to 60.4%, indicating that shading promoted the accumulation of alkaloids, and the effects of different shading levels were different. With the increase of shading level, the bulb yield showed a downward trend. Compared with the control, shading treatment reduced the bulb yield by 21.1% to 76.5%, indicating that although excessive shading is beneficial to alkaloid synthesis, it has an inhibitory effect on bulb growth and development, affecting yield formation.

[0058] Therefore, shading can increase the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, but the impact on yield needs to be weighed. Finding the appropriate degree of shading to achieve a balance between quality and yield is of great guiding significance for optimizing the cultivation technology of Fritillaria thunbergii and improving its medicinal value.

[0059] 1.2 Potassium application test for Fritillaria thunbergii Settings 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg·K2Ohm -2 There are 6 potassium fertilizer application rates, and the above potassium fertilizer application rates are the application rates for each treatment during the entire growth period. The research results show that ( Figure 2-4 ), potassium application increased the bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii by 6.4%-23.8% and the alkaloid content by 2.1%-26.6%.

[0060] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that within a certain range, with the increase of potassium application, the bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii gradually increased, and the yield of each potassium application treatment was higher than that of the non-potassium application treatment, with an increase of 6.4%-23.8%, indicating that potassium fertilizer has a positive effect on the formation of Fritillaria thunbergii yield, but excessive potassium application leads to a slow or even decline in the yield increase trend, and there is a reasonable potassium application range. Potassium partial productivity gradually decreases with the increase of potassium application, that is, the increase in yield per unit potassium fertilizer input gradually decreases, reflecting that the potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency decreases under high potassium application, and the optimal potassium application amount needs to be determined by comprehensively considering the yield and potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0061] Therefore, reasonable potassium application can increase the bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii, but attention should be paid to the effect of potassium application amount on potassium utilization efficiency, which can provide a scientific basis for precise fertilization, help improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce production costs, and achieve high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0062] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the scatter plot shows that with the increase of potassium application, the bulb yield and the sum of the contents of frizone A and frizone B generally show an upward trend, but it is not a simple linear relationship. There are certain stage changes or interactions. Within a certain range of potassium application, the yield and quality increase simultaneously. After exceeding a certain range, the quality improvement becomes smaller or the yield growth slows down. Further analysis is needed to determine the optimal range of potassium application to balance yield and quality.

[0063] Therefore, the amount of potassium application has a significant effect on the yield and main alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii. In order to achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the relationship between the two and determine a reasonable potassium application strategy, which is of great significance for guiding the fertilization management of Fritillaria thunbergii and improving the quality of medicinal materials and economic benefits.

[0064] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the leaf potassium concentration and bulb yield in different years and growth stages showed a significant positive correlation, indicating that leaf potassium concentration can be used as an important indicator to predict bulb yield. The higher the leaf potassium concentration, the higher the bulb yield, and the relationship between the two is close and stable. With the increase of leaf potassium concentration, the bulb yield showed an upward trend. Within a certain potassium concentration range, the yield growth was faster. After exceeding a certain concentration, the yield growth trend slowed down. There was an appropriate leaf potassium concentration range to achieve the highest yield. There were slight differences in different years and growth stages, but the overall trend was consistent.

[0065] Therefore, leaf potassium concentration is closely related to the bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. Fertilization management can be guided by monitoring leaf potassium concentration, and the amount of potassium fertilizer applied can be adjusted in time to ensure that the plant's potassium nutrition is good and high-yield cultivation can be achieved. This provides technical support for precision agricultural management and improves the production efficiency of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0066] 1.3 Experiment on the combined factors of shading net and topdressing potassium fertilizer during flowering period Set no shading + no potassium application (control), no shading + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 (T(K)), 40% shade + no potassium application (T(W)), 40% shade + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 (T(W+K))and other 4 compound treatments. The results show that( Figure 5-6 ), shade 40% + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 The alkaloid content of the treatment was 30% higher than that of the treatment without shading and without potassium application, and there was no significant difference in yield. Based on the test results of the combined factors of shading with shading nets and topdressing with potassium fertilizer during the flowering period, the combined factors of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer can significantly increase the alkaloid content.

[0067] Depend on Figure 5 It can be seen that the bulb yield and bulb weight of the T(W+K) treatment had no significant difference compared with the control treatment, but the bulb weight showed a certain trend of change, indicating that 40% shading combined with a certain amount of potassium fertilizer had no negative impact on bulb yield, but had a certain effect on bulb size or fullness. Compared with other treatments (T(K), T(W)), the T(W+K) treatment showed certain advantages or uniqueness in yield and weight, indicating that the combined treatment of shading and potassium application was better than that of a single treatment, and the two had a synergistic effect, which could improve bulb-related traits without reducing yield.

[0068] Therefore, the combined treatment of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer has an important effect on the bulb yield and weight of Fritillaria thunbergii, which provides a scientific basis for optimizing cultivation technology, guides the rational use of shading and fertilization measures in production practice, achieves high-quality and high-yield Fritillaria thunbergii, and improves planting benefits and medicinal material quality.

[0069] Depend on Figure 6 It can be seen that the alkaloid content of the T(W+K) treatment was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, with an increase of 30%, indicating that 40% shading and topdressing of potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 The combined treatment can effectively promote the synthesis and accumulation of alkaloids in Fritillaria thunbergii and significantly improve the quality of medicinal materials. Compared with other treatments (T(K), T(W)), the T(W+K) treatment showed obvious advantages in alkaloid content, further proving the positive effects of the synergistic effect of shading and potassium application on alkaloid metabolism. This combined treatment method can be used as an effective means to improve the medicinal value of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0070] Therefore, the combined factors of shading and potassium application have a significant effect on increasing the alkaloid content in the bulbs of Fritillaria thunbergii, providing an important basis for regulating the quality through agronomic measures in the cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii, which helps to improve the quality of Fritillaria thunbergii medicinal materials, meet the market demand for high-quality Chinese medicinal materials, and promote the development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry.

[0071] 1.4 Animal experiments on the main effects of Fritillaria thunbergii such as anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antitussive Animal experiments on the main effects of Fritillaria thunbergii, such as anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive, showed that ( Figure 7 ), shade 40% + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 The treatment with no shading and no potassium application significantly improved the anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antitussive abilities of mice.

[0072] Depend on Figure 7 It can be found that in terms of anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive efficacy indicators, 40% shading + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 Compared with the control group, the T(W+K) treatment group showed significant improvement in the relevant indicators of mice, indicating that the anti-inflammatory, expectorant and antitussive abilities of Fritillaria thunbergii after the composite treatment were significantly improved, and the medicinal efficacy was enhanced. Compared with other treatment groups (T(K), T(W)), the T(W+K) treatment group showed better results in different efficacy experiments, indicating that the composite treatment of shading and potassium application not only affects the chemical components such as the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, but is also closely related to the medicinal efficacy, further proving the importance of the improvement of the cultivation technology to the comprehensive quality improvement of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0073] Therefore, the combined treatment of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer can significantly improve the anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive effects of Fritillaria thunbergii, providing a new basis for optimizing the cultivation technology of Fritillaria thunbergii, and demonstrating the superiority of this cultivation technology from the perspective of medicinal value. It is of great significance to improving the clinical application effect of Fritillaria thunbergii and promoting the development of the Chinese medicinal materials industry.

[0074] 1.5 Transcriptome and metabolome studies of Fritillaria thunbergii bulb samples during bulb expansion period In order to better clarify the physiological and molecular mechanism of the interaction between photosynthetically active radiation and potassium in affecting bulb development and alkaloid metabolism, our research group conducted a study on the transcriptome and metabolome of the bulb samples of Fritillaria thunbergii during the bulb expansion period. The association analysis showed that ( Figure 8-9 ), shade 40% + topdressing potassium fertilizer 22.5kgK2Ohm -2 The treatment mainly increases the expression of genes in the alkaloid metabolic pathways such as HMGR, HMGS, FPPS, DXR, and the expression of genes in starch-sucrose metabolism such as INV; GBSS; SBE, thereby increasing bulb yield and alkaloid content.

[0075] Depend on Figure 8 The schematic diagram shows the changes in the expression levels of multiple genes involved in the steroidal alkaloid metabolic pathway (such as HMGR, HMGS, FPPS, DXR, etc.) under the combined treatment of shading and potassium application. The upward arrow indicates that the gene expression is upregulated, indicating that the activity of these genes is enhanced under the combined treatment, which promotes the synthesis and metabolism of steroidal alkaloids and thus affects the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii. From the main pathways of steroidal alkaloid biosynthesis such as the MVA pathway and the MEP pathway, the expression of multiple key enzyme genes has changed, indicating that the combined factors of shading and potassium application affect the entire steroidal alkaloid metabolic network by regulating the expression of these genes, revealing the mechanism of the combined treatment to increase the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii at the molecular level.

[0076] Therefore, the combined factors of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer mainly increase the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii by regulating the expression of key genes in the steroidal alkaloid metabolic pathway, which provides an important basis for a deep understanding of the molecular mechanism by which agronomic measures affect the quality of Fritillaria thunbergii, and helps to further develop and utilize molecular biology technology to optimize the cultivation and quality improvement of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0077] Depend on Fig. 9 It can be seen that the expression levels of multiple genes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism (such as INV, GBSS, SBE, etc.) changed under the treatment of complex factors. The up-regulation or down-regulation of the expression of these genes affected the synthesis, decomposition and conversion of starch and sucrose, and was closely related to the yield and quality of bulbs. In the starch-sucrose metabolic pathway, changes in gene expression affected the metabolic flow and accumulation of carbohydrates, providing more energy and material basis for the growth and development of bulbs, thereby promoting the increase of bulb yield, and interacting with the alkaloid metabolic pathway to jointly affect the growth and quality formation of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0078] Therefore, the combined factors of shading and topdressing with potassium fertilizer affect the carbohydrate metabolism of Fritillaria thunbergii by regulating the expression of genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, providing material guarantee for the increase of bulb yield. From the perspective of metabolomics, the regulatory mechanism of this combined treatment on the growth and development of Fritillaria thunbergii is revealed, which provides theoretical support for the comprehensive optimization of cultivation technology and helps to achieve high-yield and high-quality cultivation of Fritillaria thunbergii.

[0079] 2. Implementation methods Example 1

[0080] S1 Variety selection and sowing: Select Zhejiang Fritillaria No. 1 variety and sow from mid-September to mid-October; place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, use 400 kg of seeds per mu, and the sowing depth depends on the size of the bulbs. Cover the bed surface with straw after sowing; S2 Field Management: S21 Water management: Keep the soil moist from sowing to germination. After germination, drain and irrigate in time according to the weather and soil moisture conditions to maintain the soil moisture content at 15%; S22 Fertilizer management: 22500kg / hm² of decomposed barn fertilizer or 6000kg / hm² of chicken manure is used as base fertilizer; 500kg / hm² of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 6500kg / hm² of coke ash are applied before sowing or before covering the soil; 10000kg / hm² of decomposed human feces or 200kg / hm² of triple compound fertilizer are applied in mid-to-late December as winter fertilizer; 7500kg / hm² of dilute decomposed human feces or 50 kg / hm² of triple compound fertilizer are applied after the seedlings have grown, and then applied again after an interval of 10 days. 1000kg / hm² of plant ash or 70kg / hm² of potassium sulfate are applied 2 days after the first application of seedling fertilizer; 70kg / hm² of urea and 70kg / hm² of potassium sulfate are applied as flower fertilizer during the budding stage. kg / hm²; After deflowering and topping, apply fertilizers such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, and calcium according to the seedling vigor and soil fertility; Foliar topdressing: spray magnesium, iron, and calcium solutions during the critical growth period for a total of 3 times, the first time after deflowering and topping, and the second and third times after an interval of 10 days; S23 intertillage weeding: intertillage depth is 3cm, and it is carried out twice after seedling emergence and in the middle of plant growth; weeding is carried out from sowing to mid-December. When there are many weeds, 4000ml / hm² glyphosate aqueous solution is used for chemical weeding. Manual weeding is used before and after seedling emergence and during the growth period. It is carried out on sunny days after the dew has dried up, once a week); S24 Disease and pest control: plough the soil to 25cm before sowing, apply lime 1025 kg / hm² on acidic soil; mix seeds with fungicides such as carbendazim and fludioxonil, fumigate and disinfect the soil with dazomethane and weibamu, and cover with insect-proof nets after sowing; from seedling emergence to early growth period, combine inter-row cultivation and weeding with sweet and sour liquid to trap pests, and use protective fungicides to prevent gray mold in late February; use frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults in the middle growth period, use biological fungicides such as polyoxin and wuyimycin and biological insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis and matrine to control diseases and pests, and use chemical agents such as phoxim and chlorpyrifos to irrigate roots or spray when necessary, and strictly observe the safe interval of pesticides; use a mixed spray of fungicides and insecticides to protect bulbs before harvesting in the late growth period; S25 Flower removal and topping and shade net setting: Flower removal and topping are carried out when two flowers of the plant are in bloom, on a sunny morning after the dew has dried up, and the flowers and top flower tips are removed, and the residues are processed in a centralized manner to avoid damaging the plant; the shade net is set up simultaneously with flower removal in early March. The light transmittance of the shade net is 40%, and the material is weather-resistant plastic or shade net cloth, and the bracket height is 1.5m; S3 Harvesting: Harvest on a sunny day in early to mid-May after the aboveground part of Fritillaria thunbergii withers. After digging, clean and dry them, and package and store them when the moisture content is appropriate.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] S1 Variety selection and sowing: Same as Example 1, with a seed rate of 500 kg per mu; S2 Field Management: S21 moisture management: the moisture content is maintained at 25%, and the rest is the same as in Example 1; S22 Fertilizer management: adjust the amount of each fertilizer, use 30000kg / hm² of decomposed fence fertilizer or 7500kg / hm² of chicken manure as base fertilizer; apply 600kg / hm² of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 8500kg / hm² of coke ash before sowing or covering the soil as seed fertilizer; apply 20000kg / hm² of decomposed human feces or 400kg / hm² of triple compound fertilizer in mid-to-late December as winter fertilizer; apply 11250kg / hm² of thin decomposed human feces or 150kg / hm² of triple compound fertilizer after the seedlings are all grown, and apply again after an interval of 15 days, and apply 2000kg / hm² of wood ash or 90kg / hm² of potassium sulfate 3 days after the first application of seedling fertilizer; apply 80kg / hm² of urea and 90kg / hm² of potassium sulfate as flower fertilizer during the budding stage; the rest is the same as in Example 1; S23 intertillage weeding: intertillage depth 5 cm, carried out 3 times, weeding chemical weeding with 4500ml / hm² glyphosate aqueous solution, manual weeding once every 2 weeks, other aspects are the same as in Example 1.

[0083] S24 pest control, S25 flower picking and topping and setting up shade nets, S3 harvesting: same as in Example 1, the shade net has a light transmittance of 50%, and the support is 2.5 m high.

[0084] Comparative Example 1 Traditional Fritillaria thunbergii cultivation technology: sowing from mid-to-late September to mid-October, choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich in humus and good drainage, deep plowing and harrowing to make ridges, and apply sufficient base fertilizer; use bulb propagation, choose bulbs with a diameter of 3-5 cm and full and undamaged buds as seeds; weed shallowly half a month after planting, weed every half a month and combine it with fertilization, weed every 15 days when the seedlings are 12-15 cm tall, or pull out the weeds when you see them , the seed field should be plowed once in mid-May; topdressing is mainly based on applying sufficient base fertilizer, and fertilizer should be applied once when the seedlings are even and buds appear, and flower fertilizer should be applied after flowering, and winter fertilizer should be applied again around the winter solstice; flowers should be picked and topped in time, and 1-2 flowers should be picked when they are blooming on the top of the plant, and this should be done on a sunny day after the dew has dried; comprehensive prevention and control of Zhejiang Fritillary gray mold, black spot, soft rot, dry rot, and pests such as white grubs and saw bean vine; when the above-ground plants wither in early May, choose a sunny day to dig them up.

[0085] 3. Results Analysis Alkaloid detection and yield evaluation were performed on the dried Fritillaria thunbergii of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0086] Table 1 Summary of alkaloid content, bulb yield and income of each group of Fritillaria thunbergii

[0087] The alkaloid contents of Example 1 and Example 2 were 0.689% and 0.690%, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.531% of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the cultivation management measures such as shading and reasonable fertilization adopted in Examples 1 and 2 have a significant promoting effect on the synthesis and accumulation of Fritillaria thunbergii alkaloids; the alkaloid content of Example 2 is slightly higher than that of Example 1, but the difference is very small, which is due to the slight differences in the amount of fertilizer applied in Example 2 (such as increased amounts of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, wax fertilizer, and seedling fertilizer), the light transmittance of the shading net, etc., which have a certain impact on the alkaloid synthesis, but in general, the two embodiments have similar effects in promoting alkaloid synthesis and are significantly better than traditional cultivation (Comparative Example 1).

[0088] The bulb yield of Example 1 is 300 kg / mu, that of Example 2 is 310 kg / mu, and that of Comparative Example 1 is 250 kg / mu. The yields of both Example 1 and Example 2 are higher than that of Comparative Example 1, indicating that the cultivation and management measures in the examples are helpful to increase the bulb yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. The yield of Example 2 is slightly higher than that of Example 1, thanks to its higher fertilizer application rate, which provides more nutrients for plant growth. In terms of income, the income of Example 1 and Example 2 is much higher than that of Comparative Example 1, mainly due to its higher alkaloid content and bulb yield. The cultivation and management modes of Example 1 and Example 2 are superior to traditional cultivation (Comparative Example 1) in improving the quality (alkaloid content) and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii. The cultivation technology for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii provided by the present invention has significant advantages and economic value.

Claims

1. A cultivation technology for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1 Variety selection and sowing: Select Zhejiang Fritillaria No. 1 variety and sow from mid-September to mid-October; when sowing, place the bulbs with the buds facing upwards, and control the seed amount per mu to 400-500 kg; after sowing, cover the bed surface with materials such as straw; S2 Field Management: S21 Water management: Before and during the emergence period, drain the water in the field in time after rain to ensure that the soil moisture is appropriate and avoid the occurrence of root diseases caused by water accumulation; S22 Fertilizer management: Use wood ash in combination with base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, wax fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and flower fertilizer, and apply topdressing according to the growth of the plants in the later stage; S23 intertillage and weeding: It includes intertillage and weeding. Intertillage is carried out in the early and middle growth stages of Fritillaria thunbergii, and weeding management is carried out from sowing to mid-December. S24 Disease and Pest Control: Disease and pest control of Fritillaria thunbergii is carried out throughout its entire growth cycle. Soil treatment is performed before sowing. Seeds are mixed with bulbs before sowing and covered with insect-proof nets or soil disinfection is performed before germination. Cultivation and weeding are performed from germination to the early growth stage. Sweet and sour liquid is used to kill and prevent gray mold. Physical killing is combined with chemical control in the middle growth stage. Spraying is used to protect bulbs in the late growth stage. A variety of prevention and control measures are used in combination to ensure the healthy growth of plants. S25 Flower picking and topping and shade netting: When 2-3 flowers are in bloom, remove the flowers and the top tips after the dew has dried. While picking the flowers in early March, set up the shade net, and control the light transmittance of the shade net at 40-50%; S26 Topdressing operation: Topdress immediately after setting up the shade net, and apply potassium sulfate fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 20-25kgK2Ohm -2 At the same time, foliar fertilization was carried out, spraying magnesium, iron and calcium elements for a total of 3 times, the first time was carried out after the flowers were picked and topping, and then the second and third times were sprayed at intervals of 10-15 days; S3 Harvesting: In early to mid-May, after the aboveground part of Fritillaria thunbergii withers, choose a sunny day for harvesting.

2. A cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sowing operation of the variety selection and sowing in step S1, the sowing depth of the seed bulb is determined according to the size of the seed bulb, specifically: when the seed bulb size is ≤80 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 14-20cm; when the seed bulb size is 81-120 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 12-14cm; when the seed bulb size is 121-160 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 5-12cm; when the seed bulb size is >160 pieces / kg, the sowing depth is 3-4cm.

3. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water management in step S21 of the field management in step S2 includes: keeping the soil moist from sowing to germination, draining and irrigating in time according to the weather and soil moisture conditions after germination, and keeping the soil moisture content between 15-25%.

4. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2 field management, step S22 fertilization management includes the application of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, wax fertilizer, seedling fertilizer and flower fertilizer, and the use of plant ash and other fertilizers in each time period, wherein the base fertilizer is decomposed fence fertilizer or chicken manure, and fully decomposed fence fertilizer is applied when turning the soil, and the application amount is 22500-30000kg / hm², or chicken manure is applied, and the application amount is 6000-7500kg / hm²; seed fertilizer is applied before sowing or before covering the soil after sowing, including 500-600% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer kg / hm² and coke ash 6500-8500kg / hm²; winter fertilizer is applied to the bed surface in mid-to-late December, with human feces and urine at a dosage of 10000-20000kg / hm² and triple compound fertilizer at a dosage of 200-400kg / hm²; seedling fertilizer is applied after all seedlings have grown. After all seedlings have grown, first apply thin decomposed human feces 7500-11250kg / hm² or triple compound fertilizer 50-150 kg / hm², apply seedling fertilizer again after an interval of 10-15 days, and apply wood ash 1000-2000kg / hm² or potassium sulfate 70-90kg / hm² 2-3 days after the first application of seedling fertilizer; flower fertilizer is applied during the budding stage, and urea 70-80kg / hm² and potassium sulfate 70-90kg / hm² are applied during budding; at the same time, after picking the flowers and topping, topdress according to the growth of the seedlings and soil fertility, supplement phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium.

5. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the field management of step S2, step S23 is a tillage operation, the tillage depth is 3-5 cm, the tillage frequency is 2-3 times, and it is performed after emergence and in the middle of plant growth respectively; weeding management is performed from sowing to mid-December, when there are many weeds on the bed surface, 4000-4500ml / hm² of glyphosate aqueous solution is used for chemical weeding, and the use of herbicides is stopped before and after emergence and during the growth period, and manual weeding is performed on sunny days after the dew has dried up, once every 1-2 weeks.

6. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S24 of the field management in the step S2 specifically includes the following steps: before sowing in mid-September to mid-October, the soil is plowed to a depth of 25-30 cm in combination with land preparation, so that the pupae and larvae of pests in the soil are exposed to the surface to reduce the base number of pests; at the same time, lime is applied to the acidic soil at 1025-1500 kg / hm² to adjust the soil pH value and inhibit the growth of some pathogens; during the sowing period from mid-October to early February of the following year and before emergence, carbendazim and chlorpyrifos are used to treat the pests. Mix the seeds with fungicides such as nitrile, and use soil disinfectants such as dazomethane and Weibaimu for fumigation and disinfection. After the agents evaporate, sow the seeds. After sowing, cover the bed with insect-proof nets to prevent adult pests from migrating in and laying eggs. From early February to late March, carry out inter-row cultivation and weeding during the seedling emergence period and the early growth period. At the same time, place sugar and vinegar liquid traps at a certain distance in the field. The sugar and vinegar liquid is prepared in the ratio of sugar: vinegar: wine: water = 2-3: 1-4: 1-2: 2-3, add a small amount of insecticides such as trichlorfon, and replace the sugar and vinegar liquid regularly to ensure Ensure the trapping and killing effect; In late February, Fritillaria thunbergii is prone to gray mold. Before the disease occurs, use protective fungicides such as mancozeb and chlorothalonil for rotation spraying prevention, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times continuously; in the middle growth period from late March to late April, use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adult pests such as beetles. Turn it on at regular intervals every night and turn it off during the day. Clean up the trapped pests in time. At the same time, use polyoxin, wuyimycin and other biological fungicides to prevent and control black spot disease, and use Bacillus thuringiensis, matrine and other biological fungicides Use pesticides to control pests, use phoxim, chlorpyrifos and other agents for root irrigation to control beetle larvae and grubs, use imidacloprid, acetamiprid and other agents for spraying to control aphids, strictly observe the safe interval of pesticides to avoid excessive pesticide residues; in the late growth period from late April to early to mid-May, use fungicides such as fenpropimorph and fludioxonil in combination with insecticides such as high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate and deltamethrin for spraying protection before harvesting to prevent the bulbs from being infected by pests and diseases, and ensure that the bulbs do not carry pests and diseases into the storage period.

7. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flower picking and topping operation in step S25 of the field management in step S2 specifically includes the following steps: when 2-3 flowers of the Fritillaria thunbergii plant are in bloom, the flowers are picked and toppled in the morning on a sunny day after the dew has completely evaporated, and the flowers and the top flower tips are picked together with scissors or by hand, and the leaves and stems of the plants are avoided from being damaged during the operation. The removed flowers and flower tips are collected and taken out of the field for deep burial or incineration to prevent pests and diseases from breeding and multiplying on the residues and then spreading to other plants; the setting up of the shade net is carried out at the same time as the flower picking operation in early March, the shade net is made of weather-resistant plastic or sunshade cloth, the light transmittance is controlled within the range of 40-50%, and the shade net is supported by a bracket, and the setting height is 1.5-2.5m from the ground to ensure that the Fritillaria thunbergii plants can obtain uniform shading effect.

8. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2 field management, the topdressing operation in step S26 includes soil topdressing and foliar topdressing. The soil topdressing uses high-quality potassium sulfate fertilizer. Within 24 hours after the flowers are picked and the nets are set up in early March, 20-25 kg K2Ohm -2 Spread it evenly in a circular area 5-10cm away from the root of the plant, avoiding leaves from getting it on. Then shallowly till the soil by 3-5cm, and then water it thoroughly within 1-2 hours by drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. Spray 80-120ml / m², 90-110mg / L magnesium sulfate, 80-120ml / m², 0.65-0.85mol / of chelated iron and 80-120ml / m², 10-20mmol / L calcium chloride solution on the leaves. Apply the solution for the first time after picking the flowers and topping them, and then apply the solution for the second and third time after an interval of 10-15 days. Use a sprayer to evenly spray the solution on both sides of the leaves until they are moist and not dripping. Prepare and use immediately, and keep the distance between the nozzle and the leaves at 30-50cm.

9. The cultivation technique for increasing the alkaloid content of Fritillaria thunbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of the cultivation technology includes cultivating Fritillaria thunbergii under a deciduous forest, and the deciduous forest is a chestnut forest.

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