High-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for muskmelons and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of muskmelon cultivation, in particular to a muskmelon high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate and a preparation method thereof. The matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40%-60% of fermented cow dung, 15%-20% of turf, 15%-25% of vermiculite and 10%-15% of perlite. The volume weight of the substrate is 0.6-0.8 g / cm < 3 >, the gas-water ratio is 1: (2-4), the pH value is 6.5-6.8, and the salinity / conductivity is less than or equal to 2.6 mS / cm. The particle size of the matrix is 2-4 mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the large-small void ratio is 1: (1.5-4). The total water content of the substrate is 10-15%, the water content of the turf, the water content of the vermiculite and the water content of the perlite are all lower than 10%, and the water content of the fermented cow dung is lower than 20%. The medium is scientific in proportion, comprehensive in nutrition and easy to obtain high yield, and the product is safe and pollution-free.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of melon cultivation, and in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melon and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Muskmelon is an annual vine herb of the Cucurbitaceae family, and is a general term for cantaloupe, honeydew melon, and Hami melon. The stems and branches of the melon are ridged, and the petioles have grooves and short bristles. The leaves are thick and papery, and are nearly round or kidney-shaped. The flowers are unisexual and monoecious. The fruit is usually spherical or oblong, with a smooth peel and white, yellow or green flesh. The seeds are dirty white or yellowish white in color, and are oval or oblong in shape. Melon is a nutritious fruit with an excellent taste. When eating melons, you should pay attention to choosing fresh and ripe fruits, and eat them in moderation to give full play to their nutritional value and health benefits. The cultivation of melons is mainly based on traditional cultivation methods, and traditional soil cultivation often has the following shortcomings:

[0003] 1. High labor intensity and high labor occupation

[0004] Traditional cultivation methods often require a lot of manual operations, such as tilling the land, sowing, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, pest control and harvesting. These links are not only labor-intensive, but also require a large number of labor resources. In the context of modern agriculture's pursuit of high efficiency and energy conservation, traditional cultivation methods obviously can no longer meet current production needs.

[0005] 2. Low fertilizer utilization and waste of resources

[0006] In traditional cultivation methods, farmers often apply fertilizers based on experience and lack scientific fertilizer management. This not only leads to low fertilizer utilization, but also easily causes soil and environmental pollution. At the same time, blind fertilization may also lead to nutrient imbalance during the growth of melons, affecting the quality and yield of the fruit.

[0007] 3. Soil quality degradation and continuous cropping obstacles

[0008] Long-term use of traditional cultivation methods can easily lead to soil quality degradation, such as soil salinization, acidification, nutrient imbalance and other problems. These problems will seriously affect the normal growth and development of melons. In addition, continuous cropping is also a prominent problem in traditional cultivation methods. Continuous planting of the same crop can easily lead to the accumulation of pathogens and pests in the soil, increasing the probability of disease and insect pests.

[0009] 4. Lack of precise management and intelligent control

[0010] Traditional cultivation methods often lack precise management and intelligent control methods. Farmers rely mainly on experience and intuition to make judgments and operations during the planting process, which often leads to extensive and uncontrollable management. In modern agriculture, precision agriculture and intelligent agriculture have become development trends, and traditional cultivation methods have obviously not kept up with this pace. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the problems existing in the background technology, a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melon and a preparation method thereof are proposed. The substrate has a scientific ratio, comprehensive nutrition, is easy to obtain high yield, and the product is safe and pollution-free.

[0012] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melons, the formula composition ratio of which comprises 40%-60% of fermented cow dung, 15%-20% of peat, 15%-25% of vermiculite and 10%-15% of perlite.

[0013] Preferably, the formula composition ratio includes 44% fermented cow dung, 16% peat, 25% vermiculite and 15% perlite.

[0014] Preferably, the formula composition ratio includes 60% fermented cow dung, 15% peat, 15% vermiculite and 10% perlite.

[0015] Preferably, the formula composition ratio includes 50% fermented cow dung, 18% peat, 20% vermiculite and 12% perlite.

[0016] Preferably, the matrix bulk density is 0.6-0.8 g / cm 3 , gas-water ratio 1:2-4, pH value 6.5-6.8, salinity / conductivity ≤2.6mS / cm.

[0017] Preferably, the matrix particle size is 2-4 mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the large-small pore ratio is 1:1.5-4.

[0018] Preferably, the total moisture content of the substrate is 10-15%, wherein the moisture content of peat, vermiculite and perlite is less than 10%, and the moisture content of fermented cow dung is less than 20%.

[0019] The present invention further proposes a method for preparing a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melons, which is applied to the above-mentioned high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melons, and the preparation steps are as follows:

[0020] S1, fermented cow dung;

[0021] S2, mixing fermented cow dung, peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the proportion;

[0022] S3, adjusting the pH, water content, and particle size related parameters of the matrix;

[0023] S4. Matrix disinfection.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: the melon root system grows well when the substrate of the present invention is used for soilless cultivation, and the plant can stand firmly and well. The nutrient elements contained in the cow dung in the substrate are basically consistent with the trend of the nutrient requirements of the melon at different stages of growth and development, and can provide reconstituted nutrition for the growth and development of the melon, thereby effectively increasing the melon yield. The substrate has a scientific ratio, comprehensive nutrition, is easy to obtain high yield, and the product is safe and pollution-free. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Embodiment 1

[0026] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melons, the formula composition ratio includes 44% fermented cow dung, 16% peat, 25% vermiculite and 15% perlite. The substrate bulk density is 0.6-0.8g / cm 3 , air-water ratio 1:2-4, pH value 6.5-6.8, salt / conductivity ≤2.6mS / cm. The matrix particle size is 2-4mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the ratio of large and small pores is 1:1.5-4. The total moisture content of the matrix is ​​10-15%, of which the moisture content of peat, vermiculite and perlite is less than 10%, and the moisture content of fermented cow dung is less than 20%.

[0027] Embodiment 2

[0028] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melons, the formulation composition ratio of which includes 60% fermented cow dung, 15% peat, 15% vermiculite and 10% perlite. The substrate bulk density is 0.6-0.8g / cm 3 , air-water ratio 1:2-4, pH value 6.5-6.8, salt / conductivity ≤2.6mS / cm. The matrix particle size is 2-4mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the ratio of large and small pores is 1:1.5-4. The total moisture content of the matrix is ​​10-15%, of which the moisture content of peat, vermiculite and perlite is less than 10%, and the moisture content of fermented cow dung is less than 20%.

[0029] Embodiment 3

[0030] The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless cultivation substrate for melons, the formulation composition ratio includes 50% fermented cow dung, 18% peat, 20% vermiculite and 12% perlite. The substrate bulk density is 0.6-0.8g / cm 3, air-water ratio 1:2-4, pH value 6.5-6.8, salt / conductivity ≤2.6mS / cm. The matrix particle size is 2-4mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the ratio of large and small pores is 1:1.5-4. The total moisture content of the matrix is ​​10-15%, of which the moisture content of peat, vermiculite and perlite is less than 10%, and the moisture content of fermented cow dung is less than 20%.

[0031] Embodiment 4

[0032] This embodiment proposes a method for preparing a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melons, which is applied to the high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melons described in Embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4. The preparation steps are as follows:

[0033] S1. Fermentation of cow dung: Choose suitable cow dung. Fresh, impurity-free, disease-free cow dung should be selected as raw material. Avoid using cow dung that is too dry or agglomerated, which is not easy to ferment. Adjust the humidity of cow dung. The water holding capacity of cow dung is crucial to the fermentation process. Generally speaking, the water holding capacity of cow dung should be controlled at around 50%-60%. If the cow dung is too wet, it can be dried or water-absorbing materials can be added; if it is too dry, it can be watered and mixed to increase the humidity. Add fermentation agent and auxiliary materials. EM bacteria or other biological fermentation agents can be used to accelerate the fermentation process of cow dung. The fermentation agent contains a variety of beneficial microorganisms that can promote the decomposition of organic matter in cow dung. In order to improve the fermentation effect and the quality of the substrate, an appropriate amount of sawdust, straw, urea and other auxiliary materials can be added. These auxiliary materials can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio, provide the nutrients required by microorganisms, and increase the air permeability and water retention of the substrate. Stacking fermentation, mix the cow dung with adjusted humidity with the fermentation agent and auxiliary materials, and pile them into a cuboid or other shapes that are easy to manage. Cover the piled cow dung with a layer of plastic film to prevent the water from evaporating too quickly and the invasion of bacteria. But it should be noted that the plastic film should not be covered too tightly to prevent insufficient internal oxygen from affecting the fermentation effect. Stirring and temperature measurement: During the fermentation process, the cow dung pile should be regularly stirred to ensure uniform oxygen supply and measure the temperature inside the pile. Generally speaking, the temperature will gradually rise in the early stage of fermentation. When the temperature rises to fifty or sixty degrees, it should be properly stirred to lower the temperature to prevent the death of beneficial microorganisms. When the volume of the cow dung pile is reduced, the color turns brown and there is no odor, it means that the fermentation is complete. At this time, samples can be taken to test the pH value, conductivity and other indicators of the substrate to ensure that it meets the cultivation requirements.

[0034] S2, mixing fermented cow dung, peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the proportion;

[0035] S3, adjusting the pH, water content, and particle size related parameters of the matrix;

[0036] S4. Substrate disinfection: dilute 40% of the metabolite 50 times, spray the substrate evenly with a spray bottle, and cover with plastic film for 24-26 hours (7-10 days).

[0037] The substrates in the above embodiments were used for soilless cultivation, and a control substrate (pure sand with urea: potassium sulfate: phosphate fertilizer = 1:1:2) was set for melon cultivation. The effects of the substrates were then compared. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Matrix formula <![CDATA[Yield (t / hm 2 )]]> Comparative Example 30.5 Embodiment 1 33.7 Embodiment 2 32.4 Embodiment 3 35.2

[0039] Table 1

[0040] As shown in Table 1, the melon root system grows well when the substrate of the present invention is used for soilless cultivation, and the plants can stand firmly and well. The nutrient elements contained in the cow dung in the substrate are basically consistent with the trend of the nutrient requirements of the melon at different stages of growth and development, which can provide reconstructed nutrition for the growth and development of the melon, thereby effectively increasing the melon yield. The substrate has a scientific ratio, comprehensive nutrition, is easy to obtain high yield, and the product is safe and pollution-free.

[0041] The above describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melons, characterized in that: The formula composition ratio includes 40%-60% of fermented cow dung, 15%-20% of peat, 15%-25% of vermiculite and 10%-15% of perlite.

2. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula composition includes 44% fermented cow dung, 16% peat, 25% vermiculite and 15% perlite.

3. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula composition includes 60% fermented cow dung, 15% peat, 15% vermiculite and 10% perlite.

4. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formula composition includes 50% fermented cow dung, 18% peat, 20% vermiculite and 12% perlite.

5. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix bulk density is 0.6-0.8g / cm 3 , gas-water ratio 1:2-4, pH value 6.5-6.8, salinity / conductivity ≤2.6mS / cm.

6. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix particle size is 2-4 mm, the total porosity is 54-96%, and the large-small pore ratio is 1:1.5-4.

7. The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total moisture content of the substrate is 10-15%, among which the moisture content of peat, vermiculite and perlite is less than 10%, and the moisture content of fermented cow dung is less than 20%.

8. A method for preparing a high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture medium for melons, characterized in that: The high-yield and high-efficiency soilless culture substrate for melons according to claim 1 is prepared in the following steps: S1, fermented cow dung; S2, mixing fermented cow dung, peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the proportion; S3, adjusting the pH, water content, and particle size related parameters of the matrix; S4. Matrix disinfection.