Solid plasticizer filling machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of packaging machinery, in particular to a solid plasticizer filling machine which comprises a vertical barrel, a gland, a feeding pipe, a top disc and a bottom disc, the vertical barrel is vertical, the gland is mounted at the bottom of the vertical barrel and used for conducting gland sealing on the top of a packaging tank during filling, the feeding pipe is mounted on the vertical barrel in a communicating mode, and the top disc is used for containing the feeding pipe. The feeding pipe is used for feeding plasticizer particles into the vertical cylinder, and the top tray and the bottom tray are distributed up and down and are both located in the vertical cylinder; according to the plasticizer particle packaging and filling machine, the defects of inaccurate packaging amount, low filling speed, material accumulation, environmental pollution and the like of a traditional filling mode are overcome, and the production efficiency and the safety of a working environment are greatly improved through the characteristics of high precision, high efficiency and high automation of the plasticizer particle packaging and filling machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of packaging machinery, in particular to a solid plasticizer filling machine. Background Art

[0002] In the plastic products industry, plasticizers are an indispensable additive that can increase the flexibility and processability of plastic materials. They are widely used in the manufacturing process of plastic products such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Plasticizers are available in two forms: liquid and solid. Solid plasticizers are more popular in certain specific application scenarios because of their advantages such as easy storage, transportation, and low volatility during use.

[0003] After processing, plasticizer particles need to be packaged for easy transportation and storage. The commonly used packaging method is to introduce the plasticizer particles into the packaging can for storage through a filling machine. The feed pipe on the filling machine is inserted downward into the packaging can on the conveyor belt, and the plasticizer particles fall into the packaging can through the feed pipe. However, this packaging method cannot accurately control the packaging amount of the plasticizer particles, thereby failing to achieve quantitative packaging of the plasticizer. At the same time, the material filling speed is slow and the packaging takes a long time. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a solid plasticizer filling machine, the specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A solid plasticizer filling machine comprises a vertical cylinder, a gland, a feed pipe, a top plate and a bottom plate. The vertical cylinder is vertical, the gland is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder, and the gland is used to seal the top of the packaging can during filling. The feed pipe is connected and installed on the vertical cylinder, and the feed pipe is used to supply plasticizer particles into the vertical cylinder. The top plate and the bottom plate are distributed up and down and are both located in the vertical cylinder. The space between the top plate and the bottom plate is used to quantify the plasticizer particles. A column is vertically arranged on the bottom plate, and the top of the column passes through the top plate and is relatively slidably connected.

[0005] Furthermore, the bottom plate is tilted, and the top plate and the column rotate along the axis direction of the vertical cylinder.

[0006] Furthermore, a retaining cylinder is arranged on the top of the top plate, and when the top plate moves downward in the vertical cylinder, the retaining cylinder blocks the output end of the feed pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, two shifting plates are arranged on the chassis, the two shifting plates are coplanar with the pillar, and the surfaces where the two shifting plates are located are perpendicular to the surface where the chassis is located, and the tops of the shifting plates pass through the top plate and are slidably inserted into the retaining cylinder.

[0008] Furthermore, a bracket is rolled on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder, and the top of the column slides through the bracket. Two limit plates are arranged on the column, both of which are located above the vertical cylinder, and the two limit plates are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the bracket, and one limit plate is connected to the bracket through a first spring.

[0009] Furthermore, a support ring is provided on the inner wall of the retaining cylinder, and the retaining cylinder rotates on the support ring. Two vertical plates and a first threaded rod are provided on the support ring. The two vertical plates are distributed on the front and rear sides of the column. The first threaded rod is located between the two vertical plates, and the first threaded rod rotates on the support ring. A transmission wheel is provided on the first threaded rod, and the transmission wheel is transmission-connected to the inner wall of the retaining cylinder. A threaded sleeve is threadedly mounted on the first threaded rod, and the position of the threaded sleeve is fixed.

[0010] Furthermore, two sliding blocks are arranged opposite to each other on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder; It also includes a top plate, which is provided with two side plates, which are respectively connected to two sliders, and the vertical cylinder slides vertically on the sliders. A connecting plate is fixed on the top of each vertical plate, and the two connecting plates slide on the two side plates respectively. A second threaded rod is screwed and inserted on the connecting plate, and the second threaded rod is rotatably mounted on the top plate. The connecting plate and the vertical cylinder are connected by a second spring. Among them, a material conveying pipe is rolled on the top plate, the bottom of the material conveying pipe is slidably inserted into the feed pipe, and the threaded sleeve is fixed on the top plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a motor is arranged on the top plate, a worm is arranged at the output end of the motor, two worm wheels are meshed on the worm, and the two worm wheels are respectively connected to the two second threaded rods in a transmission manner.

[0012] The advantages of the present invention are: The fixed volume space between the top plate and the bottom plate is used to quantify the plasticizer particles, ensuring the consistency of each filling amount, improving the accuracy of packaging, reducing the waste of resources caused by uneven packaging and the complexity of subsequent processing; the top plate is moved down and the material is squeezed to quickly squeeze the quantitative plasticizer particles into the packaging can, which greatly shortens the time required for a single filling and improves the efficiency of the overall production line; the capping seals the top of the packaging can during filling, effectively preventing the plasticizer particles from flying during high-speed filling and reducing dust pollution in the production environment; the design of the bottom plate not only participates in the quantitative process, but also plays a diffusion role when the material enters the packaging can, ensuring that the plasticizer particles are evenly distributed in the can and avoiding the blockage of the can mouth caused by material accumulation; In summary, this innovative plasticizer particle packaging and filling machine not only solves many disadvantages of traditional filling methods, such as inaccurate packaging quantity, slow filling speed, material accumulation and environmental pollution, but also greatly improves production efficiency and the safety of the working environment through its high precision, high efficiency and high degree of automation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle vertical tube and its upper structure; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 An enlarged schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle vertical tube; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the enlarged cross-sectional structure of the middle block tube; Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the middle top plate and the structure above it; Figure numerals: 1. vertical cylinder; 2. pressure cover; 3. feed pipe; 4. top plate; 5. bottom plate; 6. column; 7. baffle cylinder; 8. dial plate; 9. bracket; 10. limit plate; 11. first spring; 12. support ring; 13. vertical plate; 14. first threaded rod; 15. transmission wheel; 16. threaded sleeve; 17. top plate; 18. side plate; 19. slider; 20. connecting plate; 21. second threaded rod; 22. second spring; 23. feed pipe; 24. motor; 25. worm; 26. worm wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0016] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by “center”, “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “inside” and “outside”, etc., are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. This embodiment is written in a progressive manner.

[0018] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a solid plasticizer filling machine of the present invention comprises a vertical cylinder 1, a gland 2, a feed pipe 3, a top plate 4 and a bottom plate 5. The vertical cylinder 1 is vertical, the gland 2 is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 1, and the gland 2 is used to seal the top of the packaging can during filling. The feed pipe 3 is connected and installed on the vertical cylinder 1, and the feed pipe 3 is used to supply plasticizer particles into the vertical cylinder 1. The top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are distributed up and down and are both located in the vertical cylinder 1. The space between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 is used to quantify the plasticizer particles. A column 6 is vertically arranged on the bottom plate 5, and the top of the column 6 passes through the top plate 4 and is relatively slidably connected.

[0019] In detail, the vertical cylinder 1 is vertical, and the pressure cap 2 is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 1. The opening at the bottom of the vertical cylinder 1 is used to discharge plasticizer particles into the packaging can during filling. The pressure cap 2 is used to perform pressure capping on the top of the packaging can to prevent the plasticizer particles from flying around due to airflow during filling. The feed pipe 3 is fixed on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 1, and the feed pipe 3 is connected to the vertical cylinder 1. The top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are both vertically slidably installed in the vertical cylinder 1. The column 6 is used to connect and support the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5. When filling is required, the packaging can is transported to the bottom of the pressure cap 2 through an external conveyor belt, pushing the vertical cylinder 1 to move downward, and the pressure cap 2 is pressed at the top opening position of the packaging can. The bottom opening of the vertical cylinder 1 is inserted into the upper side of the interior of the packaging can, and the plasticizer particles are introduced into the top of the vertical cylinder 1 through the feed pipe 3. Between the plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, since the size of the space between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 remains unchanged, the amount of plasticizer particles stored in the space is a specified value, thereby the material is quantitatively processed through the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, when the plasticizer particles fill the space between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, the top plate 4 moves downward and pushes the bottom plate 5 to move downward synchronously with the help of the filled plasticizer particles, thereby conveying the quantitative material downward, when the bottom plate 5 moves out of the vertical cylinder 1 and is located in the packaging can, the plasticizer particles between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 are scattered into the packaging can, thereby realizing the filling work, because the top plate 4 squeezes the quantitative material, so that the top plate 4 quickly squeezes the material out of the vertical cylinder 1, realizing the fast filling working mode, and due to the sealing effect of the pressure cover 2, the fast-moving material will not fly out of the packaging can.

[0020] It should be noted that, since the material is scattered into the packaging can through the bottom plate 5, the bottom plate 5 can diffuse the material to the surroundings of the packaging can, so that the material is scattered evenly, and the material is prevented from accumulating at the mouth of the packaging can and blocking the mouth of the can.

[0021] The plasticizer particles are quantitatively measured through the fixed volume space between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 to ensure the consistency of each filling amount, improve the accuracy of packaging, and reduce the waste of resources and the complexity of subsequent processing caused by uneven packaging amount; the top plate 4 is moved down and squeezed to quickly squeeze the quantitative plasticizer particles into the packaging can, which greatly shortens the time required for a single filling and improves the efficiency of the overall production line; the pressure cap 2 is pressed and sealed on the top of the packaging can during filling, which effectively prevents the plasticizer particles from flying during high-speed filling and reduces the dust pollution in the production environment; the design of the bottom plate 5 not only participates in the quantitative process, but also plays a diffusion role when the material enters the packaging can, ensuring that the plasticizer particles are evenly distributed in the can and avoiding the blockage of the can mouth caused by material accumulation; In summary, this innovative plasticizer particle packaging and filling machine not only solves many disadvantages of traditional filling methods, such as inaccurate packaging amount, slow filling speed, material accumulation and environmental pollution, but also greatly improves production efficiency and the safety of the working environment through its high precision, high efficiency and high degree of automation.

[0022] Furthermore, the bottom plate 5 is tilted, and the top plate 4 and the column 6 rotate along the axis direction of the vertical tube 1 .

[0023] In detail, due to the inclination of the chassis 5, when the chassis 5 is moved into the packaging can, the top plate 4 squeezes the material and introduces it into the packaging can along the inclined surface of the chassis 5. At this time, the chassis 5 performs directional conveying processing on the material. Since the top plate 4 and the column 6 rotate, the chassis 5 can rotate synchronously. At this time, the chassis 5 can rotate and bulk the material into the packaging can, so that the material can be quickly and evenly scattered into the packaging can. Moreover, due to the inclination of the chassis 5, no material will remain on the chassis 5, thereby improving the quantitative filling accuracy.

[0024] Furthermore, a blocking cylinder 7 is provided on the top of the top plate 4 , and when the top plate 4 moves downward in the vertical cylinder 1 , the blocking cylinder 7 blocks the output end of the feed pipe 3 .

[0025] In detail, by providing the retaining cylinder 7 , when the top plate 4 squeezes a certain amount of material downward into the packaging can, the retaining cylinder 7 blocks the output end of the feed pipe 3 , thereby preventing the material from flowing to the top of the top plate 4 through the feed pipe 3 .

[0026] Furthermore, two shifting plates 8 are provided on the chassis 5 , the two shifting plates 8 are coplanar with the pillar 6 , and the surfaces where the two shifting plates 8 are located are perpendicular to the surface where the chassis 5 is located, and the tops of the shifting plates 8 pass through the top plate 4 and are slidably inserted into the retaining cylinder 7 .

[0027] In detail, by setting the paddle 8, the column 6 and the bottom plate 5 can be driven to rotate synchronously when the top plate 4 rotates, so there is no need to set a rotational force for both the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5. Since the surfaces where the two paddles 8 are located are perpendicular to the surface where the bottom plate 5 is located, it is convenient for the material on the bottom plate 5 to be discharged smoothly through the inclined surface of the bottom plate 5, and the paddle 8 will not block the material.

[0028] When the feed pipe 3 introduces the material between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5, the top plate 4 can be rotated, and the two dials 8 rotate at this time, so that the material is evenly filled in the space between the top plate 4 and the bottom plate 5 by the two dials 8, thereby improving the quantitative accuracy of the material.

[0029] Furthermore, a bracket 9 is rolled on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder 1, and the top of the column 6 slides through the bracket 9. Two limit plates 10 are provided on the column 6. The two limit plates 10 are both located above the vertical cylinder 1, and the two limit plates 10 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the bracket 9. One limit plate 10 is connected to the bracket 9 through a first spring 11.

[0030] In detail, the first spring 11 provides an upward elastic thrust for the column 6 through its upper limit plate 10, and the limit plate 10 is rotatably connected to the column 6. When the top plate 4 squeezes the material and moves downward, the bottom plate 5 and the column 6 move downward synchronously. At this time, the column 6 slides on the bracket 9, and the first spring 11 undergoes elastic deformation. When the bottom plate 5 moves out to the bottom of the vertical cylinder 1, the material is discharged. At this time, due to the elastic action of the first spring 11, the bottom plate 5 remains in a position close to the mouth of the packaging can, thereby preventing the bottom plate 5 from falling naturally and causing the material to bury the bottom plate 5.

[0031] When the material is discharged, the top plate 4 contacts the bottom plate 5. At this time, the top plate 4 moves upward in the opposite direction. Due to the action of the first spring 11, the bottom plate 5 moves upward synchronously. When the bottom plate 5 enters the lower side of the vertical tube 1, the limit plate 10 under the bracket 9 contacts the bracket 9. At this time, the bottom plate 5 and the column 6 no longer move, thereby positioning the position of the bottom plate 5 and the top plate 4 can continue to move.

[0032] In actual use, since the movable range of the bottom plate 5 is limited by the limit plate 10, the quantitative value of the material can be adjusted by simply adjusting the position of the top plate 4 in the vertical cylinder 1.

[0033] Furthermore, a support ring 12 is provided on the inner wall of the retaining cylinder 7, and the retaining cylinder 7 rotates on the support ring 12. Two vertical plates 13 and a first threaded rod 14 are provided on the support ring 12. The two vertical plates 13 are distributed on the front and rear sides of the column 6. The first threaded rod 14 is located between the two vertical plates 13, and the first threaded rod 14 rotates on the support ring 12. A transmission wheel 15 is provided on the first threaded rod 14, and the transmission wheel 15 is transmission-connected to the inner wall of the retaining cylinder 7. A threaded sleeve 16 is threadedly sleeved on the first threaded rod 14, and the position of the threaded sleeve 16 is fixed.

[0034] In detail, since the position of the threaded sleeve 16 is fixed, when the first threaded rod 14 moves up and down, the first threaded rod 14 will rotate on the threaded sleeve 16, and when filling, the two vertical plates 13 are pushed downward, and the two vertical plates 13 push the retaining cylinder 7 downward through the support ring 12, and the retaining cylinder 7 drives the top plate 4 to move downward. At this time, the support ring 12 will drive the first threaded rod 14 to move downward and up and down on the threaded sleeve 16, and the first threaded rod 14 will rotate synchronously, and the first threaded rod 14 will drive the retaining cylinder 7 to rotate through the transmission wheel 15, thereby making the top plate 4 and the retaining cylinder 7 rotate while moving downward.

[0035] The above-mentioned structural method can utilize the single movement of the vertical plate 13 to realize the vertical movement and rotation movement of the top plate 4 and the retaining cylinder 7, and it can drive the chassis 5 to move and rotate within a specified range, thereby realizing multiple motion tasks of converting a single motion mode, without the need to set up complex structures such as power sources and control structures for each motion. Its operation method is simple and its functionality is strong.

[0036] Furthermore, two sliding blocks 19 are arranged opposite to each other on the outer wall of the vertical tube 1; It also includes a top plate 17, on which two side plates 18 are arranged, and the two side plates 18 are respectively connected to two sliders 19, and the vertical cylinder 1 slides vertically on the sliders 19, and a connecting plate 20 is fixed on the top of each vertical plate 13, and the two connecting plates 20 slide on the two side plates 18 respectively, and a second threaded rod 21 is screwed and inserted on the connecting plate 20, and the second threaded rod 21 is rotatably mounted on the top plate 17, and the connecting plate 20 is connected to the vertical cylinder 1 through a second spring 22; A material delivery pipe 23 is rolled on the top plate 17 , the bottom of the material delivery pipe 23 is slidably inserted into the feed pipe 3 , and the threaded sleeve 16 is fixed on the top plate 17 .

[0037] In detail, the second spring 22 provides elastic tension for the vertical cylinder 1. When filling is required, the second threaded rod 21 is rotated, and the second threaded rod 21 pushes the connecting plate 20 to move downward. The connecting plate 20 drives the vertical cylinder 1 to move downward synchronously through the second spring 22. The vertical cylinder 1 slides on the slider 19. When the pressure cover 2 contacts the packaging can, the pressure cover 2 and the vertical cylinder 1 stop moving. At this time, the connecting plate 20 continues to move downward and pushes the vertical plate 13 to move downward relative to the vertical cylinder 1, thereby providing power supply for both the vertical cylinder 1 and the vertical plate 13.

[0038] When the feed pipe 3 moves, it slides relative to the delivery pipe 23 , and the feed pipe 3 and the delivery pipe 23 remain in a communicating state.

[0039] Furthermore, a motor 24 is disposed on the top plate 17 , a worm 25 is disposed at the output end of the motor 24 , two worm wheels 26 are meshed on the worm 25 , and the two worm wheels 26 are respectively connected to the two second threaded rods 21 in a transmission manner.

[0040] In detail, the motor 24 can provide power to the two second threaded rods 21 through the worm 25 and the two worm wheels 26 .

[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid plasticizer filling machine, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vertical cylinder (1), a gland (2), a feed pipe (3), a top plate (4) and a bottom plate (5). The vertical cylinder (1) is vertical, the gland (2) is mounted at the bottom of the vertical cylinder (1), and the gland (2) is used to seal the top of the packaging can during filling. The feed pipe (3) is connected and mounted on the vertical cylinder (1), and the feed pipe (3) is used to supply plasticizer particles into the vertical cylinder (1). The top plate (4) and the bottom plate (5) are arranged up and down and are both located in the vertical cylinder (1). The space between the top plate (4) and the bottom plate (5) is used to quantify the plasticizer particles. A column (6) is vertically arranged on the bottom plate (5), and the top of the column (6) passes through the top plate (4) and is relatively slidably connected.

2. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom plate (5) is tilted, and the top plate (4) and the column (6) rotate along the axis direction of the vertical cylinder (1).

3. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A retaining cylinder (7) is provided on the top of the top plate (4); when the top plate (4) moves downward in the vertical cylinder (1), the retaining cylinder (7) blocks the output end of the feed pipe (3).

4. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two shifting plates (8) are arranged on the chassis (5); the two shifting plates (8) and the upright column (6) are coplanar, and the surfaces on which the two shifting plates (8) are located are perpendicular to the surface on which the chassis (5) is located; the tops of the shifting plates (8) pass through the top plate (4) and are slidably inserted into the retaining cylinder (7).

5. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: A bracket (9) is rolled on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder (1), and the top of the column (6) slides through the bracket (9). Two limit plates (10) are arranged on the column (6), and the two limit plates (10) are both located above the vertical cylinder (1). The two limit plates (10) are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the bracket (9), and one limit plate (10) is connected to the bracket (9) via a first spring (11).

6. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A support ring (12) is provided on the inner wall of the retaining cylinder (7), and the retaining cylinder (7) rotates on the support ring (12). Two vertical plates (13) and a first threaded rod (14) are provided on the support ring (12), and the two vertical plates (13) are distributed on the front and rear sides of the column (6). The first threaded rod (14) is located between the two vertical plates (13), and the first threaded rod (14) rotates on the support ring (12). A transmission wheel (15) is provided on the first threaded rod (14), and the transmission wheel (15) is in transmission connection with the inner wall of the retaining cylinder (7). A threaded sleeve (16) is threadedly sleeved on the first threaded rod (14), and the position of the threaded sleeve (16) is fixed.

7. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two sliding blocks (19) are arranged opposite to each other on the outer wall of the vertical cylinder (1); It also includes a top plate (17), on which two side plates (18) are arranged, the two side plates (18) are respectively connected to two sliders (19), the vertical cylinder (1) slides vertically on the sliders (19), a connecting plate (20) is fixed on the top of each vertical plate (13), the two connecting plates (20) slide on the two side plates (18) respectively, a second threaded rod (21) is threadedly inserted on the connecting plate (20), the second threaded rod (21) is rotatably mounted on the top plate (17), and the connecting plate (20) and the vertical cylinder (1) are connected via a second spring (22); A material delivery pipe (23) is rolled on the top plate (17), the bottom of the material delivery pipe (23) is slidably inserted into the feed pipe (3), and the threaded sleeve (16) is fixed on the top plate (17).

8. A solid plasticizer filling machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top plate (17) is provided with a motor (24), the output end of the motor (24) is provided with a worm (25), the worm (25) is meshed with two worm wheels (26), and the two worm wheels (26) are respectively drivingly connected to the two second threaded rods (21).

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