Converter flue gas treatment device and converter flue gas treatment method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of industrial smelting control, and discloses a converter flue gas treatment device and a converter flue gas treatment method, the device comprises: sequentially connected front treatment device, vaporization cooling flue, inertia primary dust removal device, waste heat boiler and post treatment device; the vaporization cooling flue is equipped with compensation water spraying device and temperature sensing device, for carrying out water spraying cooling to high-temperature flue gas in the vaporization cooling flue according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device.The compensation water spraying device of the vaporization cooling flue effectively reduces the flue gas temperature, reduces the risk of combustion and explosion caused by high temperature, reduces the flue gas volume, the inertia primary dust removal device reduces the dust load in the flue gas by preliminary dust removal, the waste heat boiler further reduces the flue gas volume by reducing the flue gas temperature, improves the exhaust capacity and recovers heat, and further effectively improves the flue gas treatment efficiency after converter steelmaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of industrial smelting, and in particular to a converter flue gas treatment device and a converter flue gas treatment method. Background Art

[0002] The converter's primary dust removal system uses a smoke hood to collect flue gas, which then enters the evaporative cooler through a vaporization cooling flue, then through a long flue to the electrostatic precipitator, and then into the gas cooler. Qualified converter gas is stored in a gas tank, while unqualified gas is released and burned. However, due to insufficient primary dust removal capacity, flue gas often overflows and ignites during oxygen-blown smelting, causing increased pressure in the secondary dust removal system. Because the secondary dust removal system also has other dust removal tasks, and during the flue gas treatment process, excessively high flue gas temperatures cause the gas volume to expand, resulting in pipe blockage. The water spray cooling process generates a large amount of water vapor, which competes with the flue gas, further weakening the smoke exhaust effect. As a result, the smoke exhaust capacity is limited, which in turn worsens the production environment.

[0003] The current primary dust removal system has the following problems: high energy consumption and poor production environment due to insufficient smoke exhaust capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a converter flue gas treatment device and a converter flue gas treatment method to solve the problem of how to effectively improve the exhaust capacity of the primary dust removal system and recover heat to reduce energy waste.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a converter flue gas treatment device, comprising: a pre-treatment device, a vaporization cooling flue, an inertial primary dust removal device, a waste heat boiler, and a post-treatment device connected in sequence;

[0006] A compensating water spraying device and a temperature sensing device are provided in the vaporization cooling flue. The compensating water spraying device is used to spray water to cool down the high-temperature flue gas passing through the vaporization cooling flue according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present invention, the pre-treatment device, vaporization cooling flue, inertial primary dust removal device, waste heat boiler and post-treatment device are connected in sequence to form a complete flue gas treatment system. The compensating water spraying device in the vaporization cooling flue sprays water mist to cool the high-temperature flue gas according to the detection result of the temperature sensing device, effectively lowering the flue gas temperature and reducing the risk of explosion caused by high temperature. At the same time, lowering the temperature also helps to reduce the flue gas volume. The inertial primary dust removal device reduces the dust load in the flue gas by preliminary dust removal. The waste heat boiler further reduces the flue gas volume by lowering the flue gas temperature, thereby improving the exhaust capacity. At the same time, the waste heat boiler can also recover part of the heat in the flue gas to reduce energy waste. The coordinated work of the above components effectively improves the exhaust capacity, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the production environment.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the inner wall of the outlet of the vaporization cooling flue connected to the inertial primary dust removal device is provided with a heat storage and insulation structure, and the temperature sensing device is arranged in the heat storage and insulation structure to measure the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure to determine whether the heat storage and insulation structure absorbs or releases heat from the flue gas.

[0009] The heat storage and insulation structure and the temperature sensing device cooperate with each other to enable the flue gas to maintain a relatively constant temperature in the flue, reduce the fluctuation of the flue gas volume and temperature of subsequent boilers, and stabilize the boiler operating conditions.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the post-processing device further includes a spray conditioning device and an electrostatic precipitator connected to the waste heat boiler in sequence.

[0011] The electrostatic precipitator of the present invention can effectively remove dust from flue gas, thereby reducing emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements. The spray conditioning device increases the humidity of the gas by adding water mist before the gas enters the electrostatic precipitator, thereby improving the dust removal effect of particulate matter in the electrostatic precipitator.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, it further includes: a coarse dust bin located directly below the inertial primary dust removal device, a medium dust bin located directly below the waste heat boiler, and a fine dust bin located directly below the electrostatic precipitator.

[0013] By providing different dust bins, the embodiments of the present invention can collect dust in different grades according to particle size. The coarse dust bin primarily collects larger dust particles, the medium dust bin collects medium-sized dust particles, and the fine dust bin specifically handles smaller dust particles. The addition of the coarse, medium, and fine dust bins improves dust removal efficiency while also allowing for the classified recovery and utilization of dust with varying heavy metal content, enabling the classified recycling and utilization of resources.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the post-processing device also includes: a gas quality detector, a fan and a conversion station connected to the electrostatic precipitator in sequence, and the outlet of the conversion station is connected to the vent chimney and the converter gas tank respectively; according to the detection result of the gas quality detector, the outlet of the conversion station is connected to the vent chimney or the converter gas tank.

[0015] In this embodiment of the present invention, an electrostatic precipitator and a fan are provided, ensuring that the dust-laden gas, after passing through an inertial primary dust removal device to remove a large portion of particles and a portion of dust settled in the waste heat boiler, enters the electrostatic precipitator for fine dust removal to meet emission standards. The purified gas then enters the conversion station, where two different treatment paths can be selected based on the test results of the gas quality detector. If the carbon monoxide content is below a first preset value and the flue gas oxygen content is above a second preset value, the flue gas is combusted through a venting chimney. If the carbon monoxide content is above the first preset value and the flue gas oxygen content is below the second preset value, the flue gas is directly recycled into the converter gas cabinet.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the pre-treatment device includes: an oxygen lance, a converter, and a vaporization hood;

[0017] An oxygen lance is provided at the center of the converter to provide oxygen for the converter steelmaking reaction;

[0018] The vaporization smoke hood is arranged right above the converter and is communicated with the vaporization cooling flue for collecting the smoke generated by converter steelmaking.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen lance is arranged at the center of the converter, which can accurately supply oxygen to the furnace and improve the steelmaking efficiency. The vaporization hood is located directly above the converter and is connected to the vaporization cooling flue. It can effectively collect a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated during the steelmaking process to avoid its direct discharge into the environment, ensure the smoke exhaust capacity during oxygen blowing, and avoid smoke leakage. The vaporization hood and the vaporization cooling flue quickly cool the high-temperature flue gas, reduce the flue gas temperature, avoid high-temperature volume expansion to form flue gas blockage, and further improve the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the inertial primary dust removal device is a high-temperature cyclone dust collector.

[0021] The high-temperature cyclone dust collector of the embodiment of the present invention can effectively remove large particulate matter and reduce dust load. When used in combination with a waste heat boiler, it can lower the flue gas temperature and avoid the increase in moisture caused by water spraying for cooling, thereby reducing the flue gas volume, reducing the risk of flue gas blockage, and further improving the exhaust efficiency.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a converter flue gas treatment method, based on the converter flue gas treatment device described in the first aspect or any embodiment thereof, the method is executed by a controller of the converter flue gas treatment device, comprising:

[0023] When the high-temperature flue gas generated during the steelmaking reaction passes through the vaporization cooling flue, the valve angle of the compensation water spraying device is controlled according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device to spray water to cool the high-temperature flue gas;

[0024] When the flue gas after cooling enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler in sequence, the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler are controlled to process the flue gas.

[0025] In this embodiment of the present invention, the valve angle of the compensating water spray device is adjusted promptly to ensure that the flue gas reaches the optimal temperature before entering the subsequent processing equipment. The inertial primary dust removal device performs preliminary dust removal on the flue gas, and the waste heat boiler further reduces the flue gas temperature, effectively improving exhaust capacity and recovering heat.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the valve state of the oxygen lance is further controlled, specifically including:

[0027] Determine oxygen blowing requirements based on the carbon content in pig iron and the different parts of the steelmaking stage;

[0028] Based on the historical steelmaking oxygen blowing data, correlation analysis was performed to obtain the correlation curve between the oxygen blowing flow rate at different times and the converter smoke output;

[0029] Extracting the target oxygen blowing flow rate corresponding to the moment when the smoke output is lower than the preset smoke output in the correlation curve, and determining the preset oxygen blowing values ​​of the converter corresponding to different preset time periods according to the target oxygen blowing flow rate;

[0030] detecting the real-time oxygen content and the real-time time inside the converter;

[0031] When the real-time time falls within a preset time period, and the real-time oxygen content is higher than or equal to a preset oxygen blowing value within the corresponding preset time period, controlling the valve of the oxygen gun to close;

[0032] When the real-time time belongs to a preset time period, and the real-time oxygen content is lower than the preset oxygen blowing value within the corresponding preset time period, the valve of the oxygen gun is controlled to open.

[0033] In an optional embodiment, controlling the valve angle of the compensating water spray device according to the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure measured by the temperature sensing device specifically includes:

[0034] Determining whether the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than a preset temperature threshold;

[0035] When the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than a preset temperature threshold, the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is matched with each mapping relationship in the preset temperature-angle mapping relationship table to obtain a matching valve angle to be adjusted;

[0036] generating a valve control instruction according to the actual value corresponding to the valve angle to be adjusted to control the valve angle of the compensating water spray device;

[0037] When the flue gas temperature in the heat storage and insulation structure is lower than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, the angle of the valve to be adjusted is set to an initial value, and a valve control instruction is generated according to the initial value to control the valve angle of the compensating water spray device, where the initial value represents the angle when the valve is in a closed state.

[0038] The embodiment of the present invention monitors the flue gas temperature in the heat storage and insulation structure in real time and makes dynamic adjustments, thereby effectively controlling the temperature in the pipeline, preventing overheating, reducing the flue gas temperature, and promoting the flow of flue gas, thereby improving the smoke exhaust efficiency. When the temperature exceeds the preset threshold, the valve angle is adjusted in time to increase water spraying, which can quickly reduce the pipeline temperature. When the temperature is lower than the threshold, the valve is closed. By spraying water at the right time and stopping the water spraying, the retention temperature of the flue gas in the pipeline can be adjusted, the speed of the flue gas flow can be optimized, and the smoke exhaust efficiency can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a converter flue gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another converter flue gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic flow chart of another converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of another converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure numerals: 1. Vaporization cooling flue; 2. Compensating water spray device; 3. Heat storage and insulation structure; 4. Temperature sensing device; 5. Inertial primary dust removal device; 6. Waste heat boiler; 7. Spray tempering device; 8. Electrostatic precipitator; 9. Coarse dust bin; 10. Medium dust bin; 11. Fine dust bin; 12. Fan; 13. Conversion station; 14. Dispersion chimney; 15. Converter gas holder; 16. Converter; 17. Oxygen gun; 18. Vaporization hood. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] The existing converter primary dust removal system operates as follows: Flue gas is collected by a hood, passed through a vaporization cooling flue, and then into an evaporative cooler. Then, it flows through a long flue to an electrostatic precipitator, and then into a gas cooler. Qualified converter gas is fed into the converter gas tank, while unqualified gas is released and burned. Currently, the converter primary dust removal system faces widespread challenges: high energy consumption and a poor production environment. This is particularly true during oxygen-blown smelting, where flue gas flares and overflows, increasing pressure on the secondary dust removal system. The secondary dust removal system, burdened by other dust removal loads, suffers from insufficient exhaust capacity, further exacerbating the production environment.

[0048] The core problem of primary, secondary and tertiary dust removal in converter steelmaking plants is insufficient smoke exhaust capacity during oxygen blowing, specifically in the following aspects:

[0049] (1) The flue gas temperature is high, which causes volume expansion and blockage.

[0050] (2) Competition between water spray and water vapor. Spraying water to cool the flue gas produces a large amount of water vapor, which affects the smoke exhaust effect.

[0051] (3) Temperature setting of electrostatic precipitator: In order to prevent condensation in the electrostatic precipitator, the exhaust gas temperature is set to 300℃, but this results in a large volume flow rate and increased resistance along the way.

[0052] (4) Dust load problem. The dust load per ton of steel is about 15 kg, of which less than 5 kg is discharged through the evaporative cooler water spray cooling dust removal tower. A large amount of dust needs to pass through the pipeline into the electrostatic precipitator for removal, resulting in a decrease in volume flow rate and possible dust accumulation in the pipeline.

[0053] An embodiment of the present invention provides a converter flue gas treatment device, which is used in scenarios where a large amount of high-temperature flue gas is generated during the converter smelting process and needs to be effectively treated to reduce the impact on the environment. By providing a vaporization cooling flue and a compensating water spray device, the flue gas is cooled, the flue gas temperature is reduced, and the volume expansion is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of blockage. The compensating water spray device directly cools the flue gas in the vaporization cooling flue, reducing the generation of a large amount of water vapor after the subsequent evaporative cooler sprays water, thereby improving the smoke exhaust effect. The heat storage and insulation structure ensures that the flue gas is effectively leveled before entering the waste heat boiler device, avoiding increased flow and resistance due to excessive temperature. The provision of an inertial primary dust removal device can perform preliminary dust removal before the flue gas enters the electrostatic precipitator. The waste heat boiler reduces the flue gas temperature and recovers heat, thereby improving the overall dust removal efficiency and reducing the dust accumulation in the pipeline, thereby improving the smoke exhaust capacity, improving the production environment, and reducing energy consumption.

[0054] In this embodiment, a converter flue gas treatment device is provided. Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: a pre-treatment device, a vaporization cooling flue 1, an inertial primary dust removal device 5, a waste heat boiler 6 and a post-treatment device which are connected in sequence;

[0055] A compensating water spray device 2 and a temperature sensing device 4 are provided in the vaporization cooling flue. The compensating water spray device is used to spray water to cool down the high-temperature flue gas passing through the vaporization cooling flue according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device.

[0056] It should be noted that the vaporization cooling flue is used to spray water mist into the flue gas through a compensating water spray device to reduce the flue gas temperature. The water mist evaporates in the flue gas and absorbs heat, thereby achieving cooling. The inertial primary dust removal device achieves initial dust removal by changing the direction or speed of the flue gas flow, causing larger particles to settle due to inertia. The inertial primary dust removal device can be an inertial separator or a cyclone dust collector. In this embodiment, a high-temperature cyclone dust collector is preferably used. Waste heat boilers, such as flue gas waste heat boilers, reduce the flue gas temperature and volume while recovering some heat.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the pre-treatment device, vaporization cooling flue, inertial primary dust removal device, waste heat boiler and post-treatment device are connected in sequence to form a complete flue gas treatment system. The compensating water spraying device of the vaporization cooling flue sprays water mist to cool the high-temperature flue gas according to the detection results of the temperature sensing device, effectively reducing the flue gas temperature and reducing the risk of combustion and explosion caused by high temperature. At the same time, lowering the temperature also helps to reduce the flue gas volume. The inertial primary dust removal device reduces the dust load in the flue gas by preliminary dust removal. The waste heat boiler further reduces the flue gas volume by lowering the flue gas temperature, thereby improving the exhaust capacity. At the same time, the waste heat boiler can also recover part of the heat in the flue gas to reduce energy waste. The coordinated work of the above components effectively improves the exhaust capacity, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the production environment.

[0058] In an optional embodiment, a heat storage and insulation structure 3 is provided on the inner wall of the outlet where the vaporization cooling flue is connected to the inertial primary dust removal device, and a temperature sensing device is provided in the heat storage and insulation structure to measure the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure to determine whether the heat storage and insulation structure absorbs or releases heat from the flue gas.

[0059] The heat storage and insulation structure can be a heat storage and insulation pipe set at the location where the vaporization cooling flue is connected to the inertial primary dust removal device, or a heat storage and insulation layer can be directly laid on the inner wall of the outlet of the vaporization cooling flue. The heat storage and insulation structure and the temperature sensing device and the water spray adjustment of the compensating water spray device cooperate with each other, so that the flue gas can maintain a relatively constant temperature in the flue, reduce the fluctuation of the flue gas volume and temperature of the subsequent boiler, and stabilize the boiler operating conditions.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the post-processing device further includes: a spray conditioning device 7 and an electrostatic precipitator 8 connected to the waste heat boiler in sequence.

[0061] It should be noted that an electrostatic precipitator is a device that uses the principle of electrostatics to remove solid particles from gas. By flowing the gas in an electric field, the particles are charged. The charged particles are attracted to the dust collecting electrode and separated from the airflow. A spray conditioning device is a device that modifies the gas properties by injecting water mist into the gas. It is understood that the use of a spray conditioning device before the electrostatic precipitator in the embodiments of the present invention can increase the settling rate of particulate matter in the flue gas, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.

[0062] The electrostatic precipitator of the present invention effectively removes dust from flue gas, thereby reducing dust emissions and meeting environmental protection requirements. The spray conditioning device adds water mist to the gas before it enters the electrostatic precipitator, increasing the humidity of the gas and thus improving the dust removal effect of particulate matter in the electrostatic precipitator.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, it further comprises: a coarse dust bin 9, a medium dust bin 10, and a fine dust bin 11;

[0064] The coarse dust bin is connected to the outlet end of the inertial primary dust removal device, and the outlet end of the inertial primary dust removal device is located directly below the inertial primary dust removal device;

[0065] The middle dust bin is connected to the outlet of the waste heat boiler, and the outlet of the waste heat boiler is located directly below the waste heat boiler;

[0066] The fine dust bin is connected to the outlet end of the electrostatic precipitator, and the outlet end of the electrostatic precipitator is located directly below the electrostatic precipitator.

[0067] It should be noted that a dust bin is a container for collecting and storing dust of different particle sizes. In the embodiments of the present invention, the dust bin can be divided into a coarse dust bin, a medium dust bin, and a fine dust bin based on the dust particle size. During the converter steelmaking flue gas treatment process, the dust generated may contain particles ranging from a few microns to several hundred microns. Therefore, three different bins are set up to collect dust of different particle sizes.

[0068] Dust bins of different particle sizes have different metal contents. Coarse dust bins generally contain more iron, and most of the treatment is to return to sintering as raw materials for continued use; fine dust bins contain more lead and zinc heavy metals, and are collected for special processing; medium dust bins are transition bins, and one of the above two forms can be selected for recycling according to the heavy metal content of the dust.

[0069] By providing different dust bins, the present invention allows for graded collection of dust particles based on their particle size. The coarse dust bin primarily collects larger dust particles, the medium dust bin collects medium-sized dust particles, and the fine dust bin specifically handles smaller dust particles. The addition of coarse, medium, and fine dust bins improves dust removal efficiency while also allowing for the classified recovery and utilization of dust particles with varying heavy metal content, enabling the classified recycling and utilization of resources.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the post-processing device also includes: a gas quality detector, a fan 12 and a conversion station 13 connected to the electrostatic precipitator in sequence, and the outlet of the conversion station is connected to the vent chimney 14 and the converter gas tank 15 respectively; according to the detection result of the gas quality detector, the outlet of the conversion station is connected to the vent chimney or the converter gas tank.

[0071] It should be noted that a fan is a mechanical device used to promote the flow of gas. An airflow is generated by a rotating impeller. The gas is sucked into the inlet of the fan and is accelerated by the impeller before being discharged from the outlet to form an airflow. A conversion station is a processing facility that distributes gas flows to different emission paths. A gas quality detector is a device used to monitor gas composition and concentration, and can provide real-time feedback on gas quality information. The principle is to use sensors to detect specific components in the gas and provide real-time feedback on gas quality data. A vent chimney is a device used in industrial facilities to ignite treated gas for re-emission. A converter gas holder is a facility used to store and manage gas generated in the converter process for energy recovery.

[0072] The embodiment of the present invention sets up an electrostatic precipitator and a fan, so that the dust-laden gas passes through the inertial primary dust removal device to remove a large part of the particles and a part of the dust settled in the waste heat boiler, and then enters the electrostatic precipitator for fine dust removal to meet the emission standards. Then, the purified gas enters the conversion station. Two different processing paths can be selected according to the detection results of the gas quality detector. If the carbon monoxide content is lower than the first preset value, such as 25% by volume, and the oxygen content of the flue gas is higher than the second preset value, such as 1% by volume, the flue gas is burned through the venting chimney; if the carbon monoxide content is higher than the first preset value, such as 25% by volume, and the oxygen content of the flue gas is lower than the second preset value, such as 1% by volume, the flue gas directly enters the converter gas cabinet for recovery. The specific preset value can be set according to the manufacturer's needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, the pre-treatment device further includes: an oxygen lance 17, a converter 16, and a vaporization hood 18;

[0074] An oxygen lance is installed at the center of the converter to provide oxygen for the converter steelmaking reaction;

[0075] The vaporization smoke hood is set directly above the converter and is connected to the vaporization cooling flue to collect the flue gas generated by converter steelmaking.

[0076] It should be noted that during the converter steelmaking process, an oxygen lance sprays high-purity oxygen into the molten iron. The oxygen reacts with the carbon in the molten iron to produce carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the carbon content of the molten iron. A converter is a furnace used for steelmaking. For example, in a converter, molten iron and scrap steel are added to the furnace, and oxygen is sprayed in through the oxygen lance to promote the chemical reaction. The vaporization hood is a device installed above the converter to collect and treat the flue gas generated during the steelmaking process. The cooling device consisting of the vaporization hood and the vaporization cooling flue rapidly reduces the temperature of the flue gas, avoiding volume expansion and blockage of the high-temperature gas, ensuring that the flue gas can be discharged smoothly, and improving the exhaust efficiency.

[0077] In the embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen lance is arranged at the center of the converter, which can accurately supply oxygen to the furnace and improve the steelmaking efficiency. The vaporization hood is located directly above the converter and is connected to the vaporization cooling flue. It can effectively collect a large amount of high-temperature flue gas generated during the steelmaking process to avoid its direct discharge into the environment, ensure the smoke exhaust capacity during oxygen blowing, and avoid smoke leakage. The vaporization hood and the vaporization cooling flue quickly cool the high-temperature flue gas, reduce the flue gas temperature, avoid high-temperature volume expansion to form flue gas blockage, and further improve the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, the inertial primary dust removal device is a high-temperature cyclone dust collector.

[0079] It should be noted that the high-temperature cyclone dust collector is a device that uses centrifugal force and inertia principles to separate solid particles in the air flow. It can work in a high-temperature environment and is suitable for processing high-temperature flue gas. After the gas enters the cyclone dust collector, it passes through a conical or cylindrical main body, where the gas rotates and forms a centrifugal force. The heavier particles are thrown to the outer wall due to the centrifugal force, and then slide down along the wall and eventually fall into the collection tank, while the lighter gas is discharged from the top. The high-temperature cyclone dust collector removes large particles at the front end, reduces the dust load, reduces dust accumulation in the pipeline, and reduces the risk of explosion. It can effectively reduce the flue gas temperature when passing through the waste heat boiler. Water spraying for cooling is no longer required, reducing the flue gas volume and reducing flue gas blockage.

[0080] For example, taking a 120t converter of a special steel plant as an example, during peak hours, the exhaust volume reaches 60,000Nm 3 / h. The original treatment also requires the volume of water and steam spraying to be 28500Nm 3 / h, through the treatment of high-temperature cyclone dust collectors and waste heat boilers, water spraying is reduced, achieving a 32% reduction in flue gas volume. The flue gas temperature drops from 850°C to 140°C, and the volume is reduced by 63%. After treatment by the high-temperature cyclone dust collector and waste heat boiler, the flue gas volume is only 36.7% of the original flue gas, accounting for 25% of the water spraying and original flue gas. Overall, the flue gas volume is reduced by up to 75%. This efficient dust removal and cooling solution not only reduces the flue gas volume, but also significantly improves the exhaust efficiency, reduces the risk of blockage, and recovers high-temperature heat energy.

[0081] The high-temperature cyclone dust collector of the embodiment of the present invention can effectively remove large particulate matter and reduce the dust load. When used in combination with the waste heat boiler, it can reduce the flue gas temperature and collect the flue gas heat, avoiding the increase in moisture caused by water spraying for cooling, thereby reducing the flue gas volume, reducing the risk of flue gas blockage, and further improving the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0082] In actual application, the structure of a converter flue gas treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the entire structure consists of a converter, oxygen lance, vaporization hood, vaporization cooling flue, inertial primary dust removal unit, waste heat boiler, spray conditioning unit, electrostatic precipitator, gas quality monitor, fan, converter station, and a venting chimney connected to each of the converter stations, as well as a converter gasholder. The oxygen lance is inserted in the center of the converter. Above the converter is a vaporization hood, which connects to the vaporization cooling flue. The cooling flue is equipped with a heat storage and insulation structure, a water spray device, and a temperature sensor, leading to the inlet of the inertial primary dust removal unit. A coarse dust bin is located below the outlet of the inertial primary dust removal unit, and its outlet at the other end is connected to the inlet of the waste heat boiler via a pipe. A medium dust bin is located below the outlet of the waste heat boiler, and its outlet at the other end is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic precipitator via a pipe. A fine dust bin is located below the outlet of the electrostatic precipitator, and its outlet at the other end is connected to the fan via a pipe. The fan transports the dust-laden gas to the converter station, ultimately discharging the treated gas into the venting chimney or converter gasholder.

[0083] The actual beneficial effects achieved are as follows: Through inertial dust removal and boiler technology, the dust removal load is reduced by 60%-80%, and the flue gas volume is reduced by 50%-75%. By lowering the flue gas temperature and reducing water spraying, the problems of insufficient dust removal and smoke exhaust capacity and the separation and recovery of large dust particles are solved. The smoke exhaust capacity of the primary dust removal is increased by more than 50%, which provides favorable conditions for the subsequent recovery gas production and reduces the power consumption of the secondary dust removal. The actual improvement should reach 75%. Considering the possible air leakage in the system, it is conservatively estimated to be more than 50%. In addition, the installation of a high-temperature cyclone dust collector can not only effectively remove dust, but also remove the fire source, reduce the risk of combustion and explosion, and enhance system safety. Before entering the inertial dust removal, a heat storage and insulation structure can be added inside the pipeline to smooth out flue gas fluctuations. The heat storage and insulation structure can achieve heat transfer of about 20%.

[0084] Furthermore, during the flue gas treatment process, dust bins are used to classify flue gas particles of varying particle sizes. A high-temperature cyclone dust collector and waste heat boiler (HRSG) are installed in the evaporative cooling duct to recover heat from the converter flue gas, ranging from 140°C to 900°C. This reduces the amount of water and steam injection, thereby lowering flue gas volume and temperature. Separate coarse and medium dust bins are located beneath the high-temperature cyclone dust collector and HRSG, removing approximately 60%-70% of the dust, significantly reducing the burden on subsequent electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). Because the dust contains a high iron content and large particles, the regularly cleaned coarse ash can be sent for sintering or briquetting. For zinc-containing dust, the smaller particles facilitate the separation of large particles and facilitate the recovery of calcium, iron, and other particulates. BOF coarse ash (collected before the evaporative cooler) has a high iron content and a darker color, while BOF fine ash (ESP ash) is lighter in color, has a higher zinc content, and contains higher levels of hazardous heavy metals, requiring special treatment. Optionally, the overall system can be converted from water spray cooling dust removal to dry dust removal to improve processing efficiency.

[0085] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a converter flue gas treatment method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0086] In this embodiment, a converter flue gas treatment method is provided, which can be used in the above-mentioned computer. Figure 3 : is a flow chart of a converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0087] Step S301, when the high-temperature flue gas generated in the steelmaking reaction process passes through the vaporization cooling flue, the valve angle of the compensation water spraying device is controlled according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensor device to spray water to cool the high-temperature flue gas.

[0088] Specifically, the compensating water spray device consists of a nozzle, a valve and a pump. According to the instructions of the controller, the valve opening is adjusted to change the water spray flow and spray intensity, thereby achieving effective control of the flue gas temperature.

[0089] Step S302: When the flue gas after cooling enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler in sequence, the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler are controlled to process the flue gas.

[0090] In this embodiment of the present invention, the valve angle of the compensating water spray device is adjusted promptly to ensure that the flue gas reaches the optimal temperature before entering the subsequent processing equipment. The inertial primary dust removal device performs preliminary dust removal on the flue gas, and the waste heat boiler further reduces the flue gas temperature, effectively improving exhaust capacity and recovering heat.

[0091] In this embodiment, a converter flue gas treatment method is provided, which can be used in the above-mentioned computer. Figure 4 : is a flow chart of a converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0092] Step S401, controlling the valve status of the oxygen lance.

[0093] Specifically, the above step S401 further includes:

[0094] Step S4011, determining the oxygen blowing requirement based on the carbon content in the pig iron and the different parts of the steelmaking stage;

[0095] Step S4012: performing correlation analysis based on historical steelmaking oxygen blowing data to obtain a correlation curve between the oxygen blowing flow rate and the converter smoke output at different times.

[0096] Specifically, historical data analysis tools are used to statistically analyze historical steelmaking oxygen blowing data and establish a correlation model between oxygen blowing flow rate and converter smoke output. Methods such as regression analysis and time series analysis can be used.

[0097] Step S4013: extract the target oxygen blowing flow rate corresponding to the moment when the smoke output is lower than the preset smoke output in the correlation curve, and determine the preset oxygen blowing values ​​of the converter corresponding to different preset time periods according to the target oxygen blowing flow rate.

[0098] Specifically, the correlation curve is processed using a programming language to extract the target oxygen blowing flow rate corresponding to the moment when the smoke output is lower than the preset smoke output.

[0099] Step S4014: Detect the real-time oxygen content and real-time time inside the converter.

[0100] Step S4015: When the real time falls within a preset time period and the real time oxygen content in the corresponding preset time period is higher than or equal to the preset oxygen blowing value, the valve of the oxygen gun is controlled to be closed.

[0101] Step S4016: When the real time falls within a preset time period and the real time oxygen content is lower than a preset oxygen blowing value within the corresponding preset time period, the valve of the oxygen gun is controlled to open.

[0102] Specifically, the preset time period refers to the time phase during converter steelmaking. For example, the first phase corresponds to the first oxygen blowing value, the second phase corresponds to the second oxygen blowing value, and so on. Different phases correspond to different oxygen demand values. An oxygen sensor is used to monitor the oxygen content inside the converter in real time. The control logic is set. When the real-time oxygen content is higher than or equal to the preset oxygen blowing value, the controller sends a signal to automatically close the oxygen lance valve to prevent excessive oxygen from entering the converter. The control logic is set so that when the real-time oxygen content is lower than the preset oxygen blowing value, the controller also sends a signal to close the oxygen lance valve, ensuring that the valve is opened in a timely manner when oxygen is insufficient.

[0103] Step S402: When the flue gas generated during the steelmaking reaction passes through the vaporization cooling flue and the heat storage and insulation structure, the valve angle of the compensation water spray device is controlled according to the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure measured by the temperature sensor. Figure 3 Step S301 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0104] Step S403: When the flue gas enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler in sequence, the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler are controlled to process the flue gas. Please refer to step S302 for details and will not be repeated here.

[0105] The embodiment of the present invention monitors the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure, and can adjust the valve angle of the compensating water spray device in real time to keep the flue gas within an appropriate temperature range, which helps to prevent the flue gas from overheating or cooling too quickly, thereby improving the fluidity and treatment efficiency of the flue gas. It can accurately control the flue gas when it enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler, effectively improving the exhaust capacity of the converter flue gas, and thus ensuring the safety and stability of the production environment.

[0106] In this embodiment, a converter flue gas treatment method is provided, which can be used in the above-mentioned computer. Figure 5 : is a flow chart of a converter flue gas treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 5 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0107] Step S501, when the flue gas generated in the steelmaking reaction process passes through the vaporization cooling flue and the heat storage and insulation structure, the valve angle of the compensation water spray device is controlled according to the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure measured by the temperature sensor device.

[0108] Specifically, the above step S501 includes:

[0109] Step S5011: determine whether the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than a preset temperature threshold.

[0110] Step S5012: When the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than the preset temperature threshold, the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is matched with each mapping relationship in the preset temperature-angle mapping relationship table to obtain the valve angle to be adjusted accordingly.

[0111] Step S5013: Generate a valve control instruction according to the actual value corresponding to the valve angle to be adjusted to control the valve angle of the compensation water spray device.

[0112] Step S5014: When the flue gas temperature in the heat storage and insulation structure is lower than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, the angle of the valve to be adjusted is set to the initial value, and a valve control instruction is generated according to the initial value to control the valve angle of the compensation water spray device. The initial value represents the angle when the valve is in the closed state.

[0113] For example, during a steelmaking process, as flue gas passes through a thermal storage and insulation pipe, a temperature sensor monitors the flue gas temperature inside the thermal storage and insulation structure at 900°C, exceeding the set threshold of 850°C. Based on this temperature, the controller consults a temperature-angle mapping table and finds that the valve angle corresponding to 900°C is 30°. The controller generates a control instruction to adjust the valve of the compensating water spray device to 30°, increasing the water spray rate and lowering the pipe temperature. As the water spray increases, the pipe temperature gradually decreases. When the temperature drops to 800°C, the controller determines that it is below the threshold and sets the valve angle to 0°, generating an instruction to close the valve and stop water spraying. Alternatively, during a steelmaking process, as flue gas passes through a thermal storage and insulation pipe, a temperature sensor monitors the flue gas temperature inside the thermal storage and insulation structure at 1000°C, exceeding the set threshold of 900°C. Based on this temperature, the controller consults a temperature-angle mapping table and finds that the valve angle corresponding to 1000°C is 40°. The controller generates a control command to adjust the valve of the compensating water spray device to 40°, increasing the water flow and lowering the pipe temperature. As the water flow increases, the pipe temperature gradually decreases. When the temperature drops to 900°C, the controller determines that it is below the threshold and sets the valve angle to 0°, generating a command to close the valve and stop the water spray. This dynamic adjustment ensures effective temperature control within the pipe, optimizes smoke flow, and improves exhaust efficiency.

[0114] The embodiment of the present invention can effectively control the temperature in the pipeline by real-time monitoring of the temperature in the pipeline and making dynamic adjustments, thereby preventing overheating, reducing the temperature of the flue gas, and promoting the flow of the flue gas, thereby improving the smoke exhaust efficiency. When the temperature exceeds the preset threshold, the valve angle is adjusted in time to increase the water spray, which can quickly reduce the pipeline temperature. When the temperature is lower than the threshold, the valve is closed. By timely spraying and stopping water spraying, the residence time of the flue gas in the pipeline can be adjusted, the speed of the flue gas flow can be optimized, and the smoke exhaust efficiency can be improved.

[0115] In step S502, when the flue gas enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler in sequence, the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler are controlled to process the flue gas. Please refer to step S302 for details and will not be repeated here.

[0116] Step S503: After the flue gas enters the electrostatic precipitator, the electrostatic precipitator is controlled to process the flue gas.

[0117] Step S504: According to the detection results of the gas quality detector, when the carbon monoxide content is higher than the first preset value and the oxygen content of the flue gas is lower than the second preset value, the flue gas directly enters the converter gas tank for recovery; if the carbon monoxide content is lower than the first preset value and the oxygen content of the flue gas is higher than the second preset value, the flue gas is burned through the venting chimney.

[0118] For example, the flue gas passes through an electrostatic precipitator (ESP), which effectively removes most dust particles from the flue gas, achieving significant purification results. A gas quality detector monitors carbon monoxide and oxygen levels in real time. A fan quickly blows the treated gas out, creating a stable airflow.

[0119] The embodiment of the present invention effectively removes dust particles in the flue gas by processing the flue gas after it enters the electrostatic precipitator. The gas processed by the electrostatic precipitator is drawn out by a fan, making the airflow faster. During the treatment process, the flue gas is first purified by the electrostatic precipitator, and then the carbon monoxide and oxygen content are monitored in real time by the gas quality detector. If the carbon monoxide content is lower than a first preset value, such as 25% by volume, and the oxygen content of the flue gas is higher than a second preset value, such as 1% by volume, the flue gas is burned through the venting chimney; if the carbon monoxide content is higher than the first preset value, such as 25% by volume, and the oxygen content of the flue gas is lower than the second preset value, such as 1% by volume, the flue gas directly enters the converter gas cabinet for recovery, thereby avoiding the waste of converter flue gas resources.

[0120] A portion of the present invention may be applied as a computer program product, such as a computer program instruction, which, when executed by a computer, can call or provide the method and / or technical solution according to the present invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art should understand that the form in which the computer program instruction exists in a computer-readable medium includes, but is not limited to, a source file, an executable file, an installation package file, etc. Accordingly, the way in which the computer program instruction is executed by the computer includes, but is not limited to: the computer directly executes the instruction, or the computer compiles the instruction and then executes the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reads and executes the instruction, or the computer reads and installs the instruction and then executes the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium may be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium that can be accessed by the computer.

[0121] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and variations are all within the defined scope.

Claims

1. A converter flue gas treatment device, characterized in that: include: The pre-treatment device, vaporization cooling flue, inertial primary dust removal device, waste heat boiler and post-treatment device are connected in sequence; A compensating water spray device and a temperature sensing device are provided in the vaporization cooling flue. The compensating water spray device is used to spray water to cool down the high-temperature flue gas passing through the vaporization cooling flue according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device. A heat storage and insulation structure is provided on the inner wall of the outlet of the vaporization cooling flue connected to the inertial primary dust removal device. The temperature sensing device is provided in the heat storage and insulation structure to measure the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure to determine whether the heat storage and insulation structure absorbs or releases heat from the flue gas. Controlling the valve angle of the compensating water spray device according to the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure measured by the temperature sensing device specifically includes: Determining whether the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than a preset temperature threshold; When the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is higher than a preset temperature threshold, the temperature of the flue gas in the heat storage and insulation structure is matched with each mapping relationship in the preset temperature-angle mapping relationship table to obtain a matching valve angle to be adjusted; generating a valve control instruction according to the actual value corresponding to the valve angle to be adjusted to control the valve angle of the compensating water spray device; When the flue gas temperature in the heat storage and insulation structure is lower than or equal to a preset temperature threshold, the angle of the valve to be adjusted is set to an initial value, and a valve control instruction is generated according to the initial value to control the valve angle of the compensating water spray device, where the initial value represents the angle when the valve is in a closed state.

2. The converter flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-processing device includes a spray conditioning device and an electrostatic precipitator which are sequentially connected to the waste heat boiler.

3. The converter flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A coarse dust bin is located directly below the inertial primary dust removal device, a medium dust bin is located directly below the waste heat boiler, and a fine dust bin is located directly below the electrostatic precipitator.

4. The converter flue gas treatment device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The post-processing device also includes a gas quality detector, a fan and a conversion station connected to the electrostatic precipitator in sequence. The outlet of the conversion station is connected to the venting chimney and the converter gas tank respectively; according to the detection result of the gas quality detector, the outlet of the conversion station is connected to the venting chimney or the converter gas tank.

5. The converter flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The pre-treatment device includes: an oxygen lance, a converter, and a vaporization hood; An oxygen lance is provided at the center of the converter to provide oxygen for the converter steelmaking reaction; The vaporization smoke hood is arranged right above the converter and is communicated with the vaporization cooling flue for collecting the smoke generated by converter steelmaking.

6. The converter flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The inertial primary dust removal device is a high-temperature cyclone dust collector.

7. A converter flue gas treatment method, characterized in that: Based on the converter flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method is executed by a controller of the converter flue gas treatment device, and the method includes: When the high-temperature flue gas generated during the steelmaking reaction passes through the vaporization cooling flue, the valve angle of the compensation water spraying device is controlled according to the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensing device to spray water to cool the high-temperature flue gas; When the flue gas after cooling enters the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler in sequence, the inertial primary dust removal device and the waste heat boiler are controlled to process the flue gas.

8. The converter flue gas treatment method according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes controlling the valve status of the oxygen gun, including: Determine oxygen blowing requirements based on the carbon content in pig iron and the different parts of the steelmaking stage; Based on the historical steelmaking oxygen blowing data, correlation analysis was performed to obtain the correlation curve between the oxygen blowing flow rate at different times and the converter smoke output; Extracting the target oxygen blowing flow rate corresponding to the moment when the smoke output is lower than the preset smoke output in the correlation curve, and determining the preset oxygen blowing values ​​of the converter corresponding to different preset time periods according to the target oxygen blowing flow rate; detecting the real-time oxygen content and the real-time time inside the converter; When the real-time time falls within a preset time period, and the real-time oxygen content is higher than or equal to a preset oxygen blowing value within the corresponding preset time period, controlling the valve of the oxygen gun to close; When the real-time time belongs to a preset time period, and the real-time oxygen content is lower than the preset oxygen blowing value within the corresponding preset time period, the valve of the oxygen gun is controlled to open.

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