Miniaturized detection system for measuring trace gas concentrations on Mars

Abstract

The present invention provides a miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, including: a light source generation module, a long optical path new optical multi-pass cell and a signal processing module; the light source generation module generates a signal light beam, the long optical path new optical multi-pass cell provides multiple reflections of the signal light beam, including an inner path and an outer path, and the signal processing module monitors the output signal of the long optical path new optical multi-pass cell. The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy system based on the proposed long optical path new optical path cell realizes the uniform distribution of the folded double-circle multi-reflection light field, while ensuring that the spatial length size of the equipment remains unchanged and does not increase the interference noise between light spots, the effective absorption optical path is greatly improved, thereby effectively ensuring the high-sensitivity detection of the atmospheric concentration on the surface of Mars, and providing support and guarantee for the construction of the Mars scientific research station and the Mars green home.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of trace gas substance concentration detection on planetary surfaces, and in particular, relates to a miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring trace gas substance concentration on Mars. Background Art

[0002] Among the major planetary bodies in the solar system, the environment of Mars is most similar to that of the Earth, and it is most likely to have had life or be suitable for the reproduction of life. Therefore, Mars occupies an important position in the solar system. One of the important prerequisites for realizing the construction of a Mars scientific research station and a green home on Mars is to utilize and develop in-situ resources on the surface of Mars to prepare materials necessary for survival, carry out local environmental transformation on the surface of Mars, and establish a small life-supporting ecosystem. All of this is based on the accurate exploration of Martian surface materials in the target local area. Among them, the detection of the concentration of Martian surface gas substances such as water vapor, oxygen, and toxic and harmful substances is extremely important for the in-situ resource utilization of the surface and the internal environment monitoring of the small life-supporting ecosystem.

[0003] In the early days, the gas detection on Mars was mainly carried out by ground-based spectroscopy telemetry of the observatory. However, due to the long detection distance, this detection method has low spatial resolution and is difficult to guarantee reliability. In order to solve this problem, a research team carried out occultation remote sensing detection of the surface atmosphere using planetary Fourier spectrometer technology on the Mars orbiter. However, the detection sensitivity of this technology is greatly affected by the visibility of the Martian surface (such as climate such as sandstorms), and it is difficult to perceive the changes in the concentration of trace gases on the Martian surface. Therefore, achieving high-sensitivity and accurate detection of the gaseous material composition in the target area and ensuring the integration and portability of the detection system are of great significance for the detection of Martian surface materials and the planning and design of the Mars scientific research station and the Mars green home.

[0004] To improve the detection sensitivity of the tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy system, in addition to suppressing the noise in the signal, the length of the effective absorption path of the gas is also crucial. For the same concentration of the gas to be tested, the longer the absorption path, the greater the absorption signal and the higher the detection sensitivity of the system.

[0005] At present, there is still a relative lack of light flux cell design solutions that can effectively increase the propagation optical path while ensuring the physical size of the light flux cell. In addition, in planetary exploration missions such as the Mars research station, it is usually necessary to strictly limit the spatial size of the payload. Therefore, how to further increase the effective absorption optical path of the gas light flux cell while ensuring the small size of the system structure without increasing the system interference noise has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, which effectively ensures the high-sensitivity detection of the concentration of atmospheric substances on the surface of Mars and provides support and guarantee for the construction of Mars scientific research stations and green homes on Mars.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, comprising: a light source generation module, a new optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path, and a signal processing module;

[0009] The light source generating module is used to generate a signal light beam, the new optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path provides multiple reflections for the signal light beam, and the signal processing module monitors the output signal of the new optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path;

[0010] The novel optical multi-pass pool with a long optical path comprises a first high-reflection mirror, a second high-reflection mirror, a plane high-reflection mirror arranged on the optical path between the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror, and a first reflecting mirror and a second reflecting mirror arranged at the front end of the first high-reflection mirror; the reflecting surfaces of the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror are both facing the inner side of the novel optical multi-pass pool with a long optical path, the first high-reflection mirror is provided with an inner circle of small holes and an outer circle of small holes for the signal light beam to pass through, the second high-reflection mirror is provided with a small hole for the signal light beam to emit, and the first reflecting mirror and the second reflecting mirror at the front end of the first high-reflection mirror are used to realize the re-incident of the signal light beam.

[0011] Preferably, the novel optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path comprises an inner passage and an outer passage;

[0012] The inner path is as follows: the signal light beam enters from the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror, passes through the first high-reflection mirror, the plane high-reflection mirror, and the second high-reflection mirror in sequence, and then is reflected to the plane high-reflection mirror and the first high-reflection mirror, and then is emitted from the inner circle small hole after a reciprocating cycle;

[0013] The outer passage is as follows: the light beam emitted from the inner circle small hole passes through the third plane reflector and the fourth plane reflector and then enters from the outer circle small hole of the first high reflector, passes through the first high reflector, the plane high reflector, and the second high reflector in sequence, and then is reflected to the plane high reflector and the first high reflector, and after a reciprocating cycle, it is emitted from the small hole of the second high reflector.

[0014] Preferably, the light source generating module comprises an electrically connected laser driving module and a quantum cascade laser, and the output wavelength of the light source generating module is determined according to the absorption line positions of different types of gases to be measured.

[0015] Preferably, the optical axes of the first high-reflective mirror and the second high-reflective mirror form a certain angle, and the extension line of the normal line of the high-reflective mirror is the bisector of the angle between the optical axes of the first high-reflective mirror and the second high-reflective mirror;

[0016] There is an angle between the optical axes of the first reflector and the second reflector, which can adjust the incident angle of the light beam to achieve re-incident, and make the light spot on the mirror surface evenly distributed.

[0017] Preferably, the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror are plano-concave mirrors, and the reflector is a plane reflector.

[0018] Preferably, the first high-reflection mirror, the second high-reflection mirror and the plane high-reflection mirror are coated with a high-reflectivity film layer at the target absorption line of the gas to be measured. For the same high-reflection mirror, the curvature radius of the annular area within different radius ranges of the reflective surface is different.

[0019] Preferably, the curvature radius of the reflector at different radii is determined by the following calculation formula:

[0020] ,

[0021] ,

[0022] ,

[0023] ,

[0024] ,

[0025] Wherein, k is the number of revolutions of the re-incident light beam around the optical axis of the first high reflective mirror or the second high reflective mirror, m is the number of light spots formed on the surface of the first high reflective mirror or the second high reflective mirror, θ is the angle between adjacent light spots, and r is the radius of curvature of the first high reflective mirror or the second high reflective mirror corresponding to the light spot distribution radius. and is the incident coordinate position of the signal light beam expressed with the center of the concave surface of the first high-reflection mirror as the coordinate origin, is the incident angle of the signal light beam, A is the distribution radius of the light spot on the mirror surface of the first high-reflection mirror or the second high-reflection mirror, L is the single optical path length between the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror, and the positions of the inner circle small holes and the outer circle small holes on the first high-reflection mirror and the exit and incident small holes of the second high-reflection mirror are determined according to the distribution radius of the light spot, and the single optical path length L satisfies 0 <L<2r。

[0026] Preferably, in the first high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror, the number of mirror light spot distribution decreases as the radius decreases, and the number of light spots is configured according to the distribution diameter and the light spot diameter.

[0027] Preferably, the signal processing module comprises a photoelectric conversion unit and a signal processing unit which are electrically connected, and the photoelectric conversion unit is arranged at the light outlet of the second high-reflection mirror.

[0028] A Mars probe provided according to the present invention includes the miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The tunable semiconductor laser absorption spectroscopy system based on the proposed long optical path novel light-pass cell realizes the uniform distribution of the folded double-circle multi-reflection light field, while ensuring that the spatial length of the equipment remains unchanged and the interference noise between the light spots is not increased, and the effective absorption optical path of the system gas is increased by 3 times compared with the traditional Herriott multi-pass cell structure; thereby effectively ensuring the high-sensitivity detection of the atmospheric concentration on the surface of Mars, and providing support and guarantee for the construction of the Mars scientific research station and the Mars green home;

[0031] Among them, the double-incident stepped hyperbolic radius multi-pass cell structure can be expanded into a multiple-incident multi-light-pass cell structure, thereby realizing multiple re-incidents of the signal light beam to further increase the absorption optical path of the gas; if it is necessary to simplify the multi-pass cell structure in certain specific occasions, it can also be used in a non-folding optical multi-pass cell consisting of only two high-reflection mirrors, thereby achieving a 1.5-fold increase in the absorption optical path; the present invention provides a design method for a new type of light-pass cell with a long optical path, which can adapt to the load development requirements of different spatial sizes and effective absorption optical paths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the principle of the star surface trace gas species concentration detection system based on the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the star surface trace gas substance concentration detection system using a novel long optical path optical multi-pass cell in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the angles of the first high-reflection mirror, the plane high-reflection mirror and the second high-reflection mirror in the detection system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the spot distribution of the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation result of the double-incident mirror spot distribution in the detection system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is the second schematic diagram of the simulation results of the double-incident mirror spot distribution in the detection system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the light spot distribution of the new optical multi-pass cell with medium and long optical path in the present invention.

[0039] Reference numerals:

[0040] 11. Laser driving module, 12. Quantum cascade laser, 13. First plane reflector, 14. Second plane reflector, 15. Herriott optical multi-pass cell, 151. Third high reflector, 152. Fourth high reflector, 16. Photoelectric conversion unit, 17. Signal acquisition and processing unit, 25. New optical multi-pass cell with long optical path, 251. Third plane reflector, 252. Fourth plane reflector, 253. First high reflector, 254. Plane high reflector, 255. Second high reflector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0042] The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] The present invention provides a miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, which adopts a new type of optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path, such as Figure 2 As shown, the system includes: a light source generation module, a long optical path novel optical multi-pass cell 25 and a signal processing module; wherein the light source generation module is used to generate a signal beam, the long optical path novel optical multi-pass cell 25 is used for multiple reflections of the signal beam, and the signal processing module monitors the output signal of the long optical path novel optical multi-pass cell 25. The light source generation module includes a laser driving module 11 and a quantum cascade laser 12; the signal processing module includes a photoelectric conversion unit 16 and a signal acquisition and processing unit 17.

[0044] The novel optical multi-pass pool 25 with a long optical path includes a first high-reflection mirror 253, a plane high-reflection mirror 254, a second high-reflection mirror 255, a third plane reflector 251 and a fourth plane reflector 252, wherein the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the second high-reflection mirror 255 are both plane-concave high-reflection mirrors. The light propagation path is as follows: the signal light beam enters the inner circle of the novel optical multi-pass pool 25 with a long optical path through the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror 253 at a certain angle, passes through the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253, the surface of the plane high-reflection mirror 254 and the surface of the second high-reflection mirror 255 in sequence, and then returns from the plane high-reflection mirror 254 to the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253, forms a periodic stable light field distribution in the inner circle of the novel optical multi-pass pool 25 with a long optical path, and then exits from the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror 253, and after being reflected by the surface of the third plane reflector 251 and the surface of the fourth plane reflector 252, the signal light beam is emitted from the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror 253. The light beam is incident from the small hole in the outer circle of the first high-reflection mirror 253 and then re-incident into the outer circle of the new optical multi-pass cell 25 with a long optical path, and then passes through the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253, the surface of the plane high-reflection mirror 254 and the surface of the second high-reflection mirror 255 in sequence, and then returns from the plane high-reflection mirror 254 to the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253, and then reflects to the plane high-reflection mirror 254, and then returns from the plane high-reflection mirror 254 to reach the surface of the second high-reflection mirror 255, and repeats this process until the outer circle of the new optical multi-pass cell 25 with a long optical path forms a period of stable light field distribution, and then the light beam is emitted from the small hole of the second high-reflection mirror 255.

[0045] Further: after the parameters of the new optical multi-pass cell 25 with a long optical path are determined, it is also necessary to further adjust the incident angle of the light beam by adjusting the angles of the third plane reflector 251 and the fourth plane reflector 252, and cooperate with each other to achieve re-incidence, so that the light spot on the mirror surface can be evenly distributed. The two lenses need to cooperate, and the angle is not limited separately. There are countless combinations, and the requirements are usually met by adjusting the actual optical path. The angle between the normal of the plane where the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the plane high-reflection mirror 254 are located is the same as the angle between the normal of the plane where the second high-reflection mirror 255 and the plane high-reflection mirror 254 are located.

[0046] The concave surfaces of the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the second high-reflection mirror 255 are reflective surfaces, and the concave surfaces are coated with a high-reflectivity film layer in the absorption line band of the gas to be measured. Both sides of the plane high-reflection mirror 254 are planes, and the side facing the inner side of the new optical multi-pass cell 25 with a long optical path is coated with a high-reflectivity film layer in the absorption line band of the gas to be measured. The positions of the two incident holes of the first high-reflection mirror 253 from the center point of the first high-reflection mirror 253 are equal to the radii of the two circles of light spot distribution, which can be determined according to the size of the mirror surface and the number of required light spot distributions. The position of the exit pinhole of the second high-reflection mirror 255 is equal to the radius of the outer circle of the second high-reflection mirror 255. For the same high-reflection mirror, the curvature radii of the annular areas within different radius ranges of the inner and outer light spot distributions of the same reflector are different, but the curvature radii at the corresponding radii of the concave surfaces of the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the second high-reflection mirror 255 are equal. The optical axes of the first high reflective mirror 253 and the second high reflective mirror 255 form a certain angle, and the extension line of the normal line of the plane high reflective mirror 254 is the angle bisector of the angle between the optical axes of the first high reflective mirror 253 and the second high reflective mirror 255; Figure 3 As shown, = , = . is the angle between the normal line of the plane where the first high-reflection mirror 253 is located and the normal line of the plane where the planar high-reflection mirror 254 is located, is the angle between the normal line of the plane where the second high reflective mirror 255 is located and the normal line of the plane where the planar high reflective mirror 254 is located, It is the angle between the normal line of the plane where the first high reflective mirror 253 is located and the normal line of the plane where the second high reflective mirror 255 is located.

[0047] According to the "re-entrant" theory, that is, the theory of forming a single-circle spot distribution, the present invention performs two incidents, forming two circles of spot distribution at different radii in a light flux pool, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the absorption optical path. Among them, the single optical path length L between the two concave reflectors (i.e., the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the second high-reflection mirror 255) in the light flux pool can be set according to the number of specular spot distribution requirements, as shown in the following formula:

[0048] (1)

[0049] (2)

[0050] (3)

[0051] (4)

[0052] (5)

[0053] In formulas (1)-(5), k is the number of revolutions of the light beam that realizes single-cycle re-incidence around the optical axis of the high-reflection mirror (the line connecting the center points of the first high-reflection mirror 253, the plane high-reflection mirror 254 and the second high-reflection mirror 255 is the optical axis of the high-reflection mirror), m is the number of light spots, θ is the angle between adjacent light spots, r is the radius of curvature of the third plane reflector or the fourth plane reflector at the corresponding light spot distribution radius, and is the incident coordinate position of the signal light beam expressed with the center of the concave surface of the third plane reflector as the coordinate origin, is the incident angle of the signal light beam, A is the distribution radius of the mirror spot of the first high-reflection mirror 253 or the second high-reflection mirror 255, L is the single optical path length between the third plane reflector and the fourth plane reflector, and the single optical path length L satisfies 0 <L<2r。

[0054] The positions of the inner circle holes and the outer circle holes on the first high-reflection mirror 253 and the exit and entrance holes of the second high-reflection mirror 255 are determined according to the distribution radius of the light spot.

[0055] Taking the mirror radius of 8mm as an example, the traditional Horriot light flux cell is used, and its structure is as follows: Figure 1 The laser driving module 11 shown drives the quantum cascade laser 12, and the emitted signal light beam is reflected by the surface of the first plane reflector 13 and the surface of the second plane reflector 14, and then enters the Horriot optical multi-pass cell 15 from the small hole of the third high-reflection mirror 151, and then passes through the surface of the fourth high-reflection mirror 152 in turn and returns to the surface of the third high-reflection mirror 151, and repeats this process until a period of stable light field distribution is formed in the Horriot optical multi-pass cell 15, and then the light beam is emitted from the small hole of the fourth high-reflection mirror 152 to reach the photoelectric conversion unit 16 and the signal acquisition and processing unit 17. The cell length of the Herriott optical multi-pass cell 15 is 10 cm, the spot distribution radius is 3 mm, and the curvature radius is 244 mm. In order to effectively suppress the interference distribution between the spots, ensure the uniform distribution of the spots, and effectively suppress the interference noise between the spots, the number of mirror spot distributions is selected to be 10, and the spot distribution simulation results are shown as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the effective absorption optical path is about 2m at this time.

[0056] Use Figure 2 The long optical path novel optical light flux cell 25 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 , and the spot distribution radius of the inner circle and the outer circle are 1.5 mm and 3 mm respectively. The number of single-circle spot distribution is based on the inner circle to ensure that the inner circle spot is evenly distributed with low interference. The number of mirror spot distribution is selected as 5. The spot distribution simulation result is shown in FIG. Figure 5As shown in the figure, the effective absorption optical path is about 4m. The folded structure increases the effective absorption optical path by 2 times compared with the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell 15, but the double-incidence structure has almost no effect here. The number of single-circle spot distribution is based on the outer circle, and the number of single-circle spot distribution is consistent with the number of Herriott optical multi-pass cell 15 spot distribution. The number of mirror spot distribution is selected as 10. The spot distribution simulation results are shown in Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the effective absorption optical path is about 8 m, which is 4 times higher than that of the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell 15. However, the inner circle light spot interference is very serious, which may even lead to a lower signal-to-noise ratio than that of the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell. The long optical path novel optical multi-pass cell 25 provided by the present invention can set the number of light spot distributions of the inner and outer circles separately, setting the inner circle to 5 and the outer circle to 10. The light spot distribution simulation results are shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the effective absorption optical path is about 6m, which is 3 times longer than that of the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell, and can ensure that both the inner and outer light spots achieve the optimal light spot number distribution, and the degree of interference between the light spots will not be increased compared with the traditional Herriott optical multi-pass cell. Therefore, the use of the new optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path provided by the present invention can reduce the spatial length of the light pass cell, improve the portability of the system, and further increase the gas absorption optical path of the system.

[0057] During operation, the laser driving module 11 and the temperature control module respectively perform current modulation and temperature control on the quantum cascade laser 12, thereby emitting a signal light beam, which is reflected by the first plane reflector 23 and the second plane reflector 24, and incident at a certain angle from the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror 253, and after multiple reflections, a uniformly distributed circular spot distribution is formed on the surface of each lens, and after a period of stable light field distribution is formed in the inner circle, it is emitted from the inner circle small hole, and passes through the surface of the third plane reflector 251 and After reflection on the surface of the fourth plane reflector 252, the light re-enters the outer circle of the light flux pool, passes through the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253, the surface of the plane high-reflection mirror 254 and the surface of the second high-reflection mirror 255 in sequence, and then returns from the plane high-reflection mirror 254 to the surface of the first high-reflection mirror 253. After forming a period of stable light field distribution in the outer circle, it is emitted from the small hole of the second high-reflection mirror 255. The photoelectric conversion unit 16 performs photoelectric conversion on the signal light beam, and finally the signal acquisition and processing unit 17 acquires and processes the signal.

[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, characterized in that: include: A light source generation module, a novel optical multi-pass cell with a long optical path length (25), and a signal processing module; The light source generating module is used to generate a signal light beam; The novel optical multi-pass cell (25) with a long optical path is used for providing multiple reflections of the signal light beam; The signal processing module is used to monitor the output signal of the novel optical multi-pass cell (25) with a long optical path; wherein: The novel optical multi-pass pool (25) with a long optical path comprises a first high-reflection mirror (253), a second high-reflection mirror (255), a plane high-reflection mirror (254) arranged on the optical path between the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255), and a third plane reflector (251) and a fourth plane reflector (252) arranged at the front end of the first high-reflection mirror (253); the reflection surfaces of the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255) are both oriented toward the inside of the novel optical multi-pass pool (25) with a long optical path; the first high-reflection mirror (253) is provided with an inner circle of small holes and an outer circle of small holes for the signal light beam to pass through; the second high-reflection mirror (255) is provided with a small hole for the signal light beam to emit; and the third plane reflector (251) and the fourth plane reflector (252) are used to achieve re-incidence of the signal light beam.

2. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The novel optical multi-pass cell (25) with a long optical path comprises an inner passage and an outer passage; The inner path is as follows: the signal light beam enters from the inner circle small hole of the first high-reflection mirror (253), passes through the first high-reflection mirror (253), the plane high-reflection mirror (254), and the second high-reflection mirror (255) in sequence, and then is reflected to the plane high-reflection mirror (254) and the first high-reflection mirror (253), and then is emitted from the inner circle small hole after a reciprocating cycle; The outer passage is as follows: the light beam emitted from the inner ring small hole passes through the third plane reflector (251) and the fourth plane reflector (252), then enters from the outer ring small hole of the first high-reflection mirror (253), passes through the first high-reflection mirror (253), the plane high-reflection mirror (254), and the second high-reflection mirror (255) in sequence, and then is reflected to the plane high-reflection mirror (254) and the first high-reflection mirror (253), and after a reciprocating cycle, is emitted from the small hole of the second high-reflection mirror (255).

3. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source generating module comprises an electrically connected laser driving module (21) and a quantum cascade laser (22), and the output wavelength of the light source generating module is determined according to the absorption line positions of different types of gases to be measured.

4. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical axes of the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255) form a preset angle, and the extension line of the normal line of the plane high-reflection mirror (254) is the angle bisector of the angle between the optical axes of the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255); There is an angle between the optical axes of the third plane reflector (251) and the fourth plane reflector (252), which can adjust the incident angle of the light beam to achieve re-incident, and enable the light spot on the mirror surface to be evenly distributed.

5. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255) are plano-concave mirrors, and the planar high-reflection mirror (254) is a planar reflecting mirror.

6. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first high-reflection mirror (253), the second high-reflection mirror (255), and the plane high-reflection mirror (254) are coated with a high-reflectivity film layer at the target absorption line of the gas to be measured, and the curvature radius of the annular area within different radius ranges of the reflection surface of the first high-reflection mirror (253) or the second high-reflection mirror (255) is different.

7. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 6, characterized in that: The curvature radius at different radii of the first high-reflective mirror (253) or the second high-reflective mirror (255) is determined by the following calculation formula; ， ， ， ， ， wherein k is the number of revolutions of the light beam that achieves re-incidence around the optical axis of the first high-reflection mirror (253) or the second high-reflection mirror (255), m is the number of light spots formed on the surface of the first high-reflection mirror (253) or the second high-reflection mirror (255), θ is the angle between adjacent light spots, r is the radius of curvature of the first high-reflection mirror (253) or the second high-reflection mirror (255) at a location corresponding to the light spot distribution radius, and is the incident coordinate position of the signal light beam expressed with the center of the concave surface of the first high-reflection mirror (253) as the coordinate origin, is the incident angle of the signal light beam, A is the distribution radius of the mirror light spot of the first high-reflection mirror (253) or the second high-reflection mirror (255), L is the single optical path length between the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255), the positions of the inner circle small holes and the outer circle small holes on the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the exit and entrance small holes of the second high-reflection mirror (255) are determined according to the distribution radius of the light spot, and the single optical path length L satisfies 0 <L<2r。 8. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the first high-reflection mirror (253) and the second high-reflection mirror (255), the number of mirror light spots distributed decreases as the radius decreases, and the number of light spots is configured according to the distribution diameter and the light spot diameter.

9. The miniaturized detection system for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing module comprises an electrically connected photoelectric conversion unit (16) and a signal processing unit (17); the photoelectric conversion unit (16) is arranged at the light outlet of the second high-reflection mirror (255).

10. A Mars probe, characterized in that: A miniaturized detection system suitable for measuring the concentration of trace gas substances on Mars, comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

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