Remote monitoring method for micro-deformation of ground surface in flight area of non-stop airport

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of airport surface micro-deformation monitoring, and discloses a non-stop airport flight area surface micro-deformation remote monitoring method (IBIS-FL), which comprises a data acquisition module and a data processing module. The method comprises the following steps: a data acquisition module acquires sensor data of surface micro-deformation and sends the data to a data processing module for processing; the IBIS-FL terrain micro-variation remote monitoring system combines the synthetic aperture radar technology, the step frequency continuous wave technology and the interference measurement technology, and the radial displacement change of a target object at different moments is accurately measured through the phase difference of a radar reflection wall. The IBIS-FL micro-change remote monitoring system combines an interference measurement technology and a step frequency continuous wave technology, the system emits a group of electromagnetic waves at different frequencies within a certain time, long-distance transmission of the electromagnetic waves is ensured through the step frequency continuous wave technology, and measurement of radar reflected wave phase difference is completed through the interference measurement technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of airport surface micro-deformation monitoring, and in particular to a remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of a flight zone of a non-suspended airport. Background Art

[0002] The construction of underground passages in soft soil will disturb the surrounding strata to varying degrees, causing the strata to move, thus leading to settlement and displacement of the surface and nearby buildings (structures). Even with the use of advanced construction methods such as pipe curtain box culverts, earth pressure balance shields and slurry balance shields, supplemented by shield tail synchronous grouting technology, it is difficult to completely prevent ground settlement and displacement. The engineering physical and mechanical properties of soft soil are extremely complex, and even in different places and depths of the same site, its mechanical properties will vary greatly. So far, there is no good theory and method for quantitatively estimating surface settlement and displacement caused by underground engineering construction in soft soil.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to adopt timely monitoring methods during the construction process, understand the laws of the movement of the surrounding strata caused by the underground engineering construction, and take necessary technical measures in time to improve the construction process, so as to control the displacement of the surrounding strata and ensure the safety of the surface and adjacent buildings (structures). Therefore, monitoring has become an integral and important part of underground engineering design and construction control, and plays a very important role.

[0004] During the construction of the underpass project at the non-suspended airport, the monitoring and measurement mainly consists of two parts:

[0005] (1) Monitoring of the main body of the crossing project, such as monitoring the settlement and deformation of the shield tunnel itself when the shield tunnel is crossing;

[0006] (2) Monitoring of the environment being traversed, including the pavement settlement and stratum settlement of runways, taxiways, aprons, on-site roads, lawns, terminal buildings and their ancillary facilities.

[0007] The construction of crossing under the airport flight zone has more stringent restrictions and control requirements than crossing under general roads and industrial and civil buildings. The apron is parked with aircraft that are landing or waiting to take off. On the runway and taxiway, the take-off and landing of aircraft during peak hours are measured in minutes. Due to the heavy weight of the aircraft and the high speed of flight and taxiing, anything on the ground may hinder the normal take-off of the aircraft, so the airport flight zone has strict restrictions on flatness and slope deformation. If the safety of the runway construction is not guaranteed, it may leave hidden dangers for the operation of the aircraft. Not only will it cause the aircraft to fail to take off and land on time, affecting the reputation of the airport, but it may also cause major safety accidents with aircraft destruction and casualties, which will cause immeasurable losses to the airport.

[0008] Traditional monitoring instruments for surface subsidence monitoring include level, total station, static level, electronic level, etc. These conventional monitoring methods are relatively mature in technology, but have shortcomings such as high cost, long cycle, discrete monitoring points, difficult network deployment, and low efficiency.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation in the flight area of ​​a non-suspended airport to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the technical problems of high cost, long cycle, discrete monitoring points, difficult network deployment and low efficiency of existing conventional monitoring methods, the present invention provides a remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of non-stop airport flight zones, and establishes a non-stop construction uninterrupted monitoring system based on fully automatic remote micro-deformation monitoring technology through surface settlement monitoring and micro-deformation monitoring system (IBIS-FL). Through the analysis of the characteristics of key and sensitive areas of the shield tunneling under the flight zone, the fully automatic remote micro-deformation monitoring and other technologies are integrated and applied to break through the limitations of manual monitoring of non-stop construction.

[0011] The invention provides a method for remotely monitoring surface micro-deformation of a non-suspended airport flight zone. The method comprises a deformation monitoring system (IBIS-FL), the deformation monitoring system comprises a data acquisition module and a data processing module, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1, the data acquisition module acquires sensor data of surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of the non-suspended airport, and sends the sensor data to the data processing module, the sensor data including radar reflection wave data;

[0013] S2. The monitoring system combines interferometric measurement technology and step-frequency continuous wave technology, ensures long-distance transmission of electromagnetic waves through step-frequency continuous wave technology, and completes the measurement of phase difference of radar reflection waves through interferometric measurement technology;

[0014] S3. The monitoring system is combined with synthetic aperture radar technology, which increases the aperture of the antenna along the track linear scanning;

[0015] S4. The measurement accuracy of the monitoring method depends on the radar echo intensity, that is, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the considered point;

[0016] S5. The observation distance of the monitoring method is divided into a theoretical observation distance and an actual observation distance;

[0017] S6. The monitoring method is affected by environmental factors, and the environmental conditions are mainly temperature and air humidity.

[0018] Preferably, the interferometric measurement technique in step S2 is a radar technique, which can measure the displacement of an object by comparing the phase information of electromagnetic waves reflected by the object at different times. The measurement of the displacement of the object (d) is due to the radar sensor being able to collect phase change information measured at different times. The displacement measurement and phase change measurement are connected by the following relationship:

[0019]

[0020] Preferably, the core of the IBIS system is an electromagnetic sensor based on a stepped frequency-continuous wave function technology, which obtains a one-dimensional image with a high range resolution (range resolution) by transmitting a series of long-duration electromagnetic waves (continuous waves) of different frequencies (stepped frequencies);

[0021] IBIS systems can achieve a distance resolution of 75 cm: The image resolution in the direction of the structure being investigated then depends on the sensor's viewing angle of the structure, following the geometrical projection:

[0022]

[0023] Preferably, the measurement accuracy of the monitoring method in step S4 depends on the radar echo intensity, and the accuracy of the displacement value measured by the interferometric technique (i.e., comparing the phases of two different images) depends on the given radar echo intensity, or more precisely, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the point under consideration; the theoretical accuracy of the instrument can be accurate to one thousandth of a millimeter, and in the best actual case, an accuracy of 0.1 millimeter can be achieved when measuring landslides.

[0024] Preferably, in step S5, there is no limit to the theoretical maximum observable distance, and everything depends on the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave, which reduces the power density to the square of the covered distance, which means that the farther away from the sensor, the lower the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal;

[0025] The maximum observable distance in operation depends on the reflectivity of the scene and the required accuracy of the measurement (as well as the necessary signal-to-noise ratio). By installing artificial reflectors at specific monitoring points, the response of the scene can be improved, increasing the reflectivity of the target, which also improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0026] Preferably, in step S6, the environmental effects caused by environmental conditions will produce virtual displacement detected by radar. Due to the change of environmental conditions between one image and the next image, it is necessary to correct this effect by comparing the displacement of the entire scene with the virtual displacement of several fixed points. A well-applied correction technology can be used to make the correction accuracy of the virtual displacement caused by atmospheric changes reach a few tenths of a millimeter.

[0027] Compared with the related art, the remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight area of ​​a non-suspended airport provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In this scheme, a micro-deformation monitoring system (IBIS-FL) is used to monitor surface settlement, and a non-stop construction monitoring system based on fully automatic remote micro-change monitoring technology is established. By analyzing the characteristics of key and sensitive areas under the flight zone, fully automatic remote micro-change monitoring and other technologies are integrated and applied to break through the limitations of manual monitoring of non-stop construction. This method has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. IBIS-FL monitoring is an independent self-contained system: IBIS-FL has a complete structure, including power supply, console, hypothetical track, and sensor. When it is used to remotely measure the target scene, it can install sensors and set up instruments to perform remote measurement of the target area without on-site access.

[0030] 2. Combination of three technologies to complete static and dynamic monitoring: The IBIS-FL terrain micro-change remote monitoring system combines three technologies: synthetic aperture radar, stepped frequency continuous wave and interferometry. It accurately measures the radial displacement changes of the target at different times through the phase difference of the radar reflection wall to complete static and dynamic monitoring.

[0031] 3. High resolution and high precision: The maximum observable distance monitored by this method is 4km, and the distance resolution can reach 75cm. The theoretical accuracy of the instrument can be accurate to one thousandth of a millimeter, and in the best practical case, the accuracy can reach 0.1mm.

[0032] 4. Uninterrupted monitoring and high readability: IBIS-FL monitoring is a direct measurement of displacement changes rather than a derived quantity. It can track and accurately measure the displacement of the target area through antenna beam illumination.

[0033] 5. Universal applicability to monitoring environments: Radar technology uses electromagnetic wave propagation, and the environmental conditions that affect the measurement are mainly humidity and air humidity values. This effect can be corrected by comparing the displacement of the entire scene with the virtual displacement of several fixed points. On this basis, this method can be used during the day and at night and in all weather conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the remote monitoring system for surface micro-deformation of the flight area of ​​a non-suspended airport according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow chart of a remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of a flight zone of a non-suspended airport according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of installing the sensor in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 It is the displacement result of data processing and analysis in the remote monitoring method of surface micro-deformation of the flight area of ​​a non-suspended airport according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 It is the frequency result of data processing and analysis in the remote monitoring method of surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport based on the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0040] Combined with reference Figure 1-5 In view of the problem that the construction of underground passages in soft soil will disturb the surrounding strata to varying degrees, causing the strata to move, thereby leading to the settlement and displacement of the surface and nearby buildings, the present invention proposes a remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of non-stop airport flight areas, which includes the following steps:

[0041] Follow these steps:

[0042] S1, the data acquisition module acquires sensor data of surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of the non-suspended airport, and sends the sensor data to the data processing module, the sensor data including radar reflection wave data;

[0043] S2. The monitoring system combines interferometric measurement technology and step-frequency continuous wave technology, ensures long-distance transmission of electromagnetic waves through step-frequency continuous wave technology, and completes the measurement of phase difference of radar reflection waves through interferometric measurement technology;

[0044] S3. The monitoring system is combined with synthetic aperture radar technology, which increases the aperture of the antenna along the track linear scanning;

[0045] S4. The measurement accuracy of the monitoring method depends on the radar echo intensity, that is, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the considered point;

[0046] S5. The observation distance of the monitoring method is divided into a theoretical observation distance and an actual observation distance;

[0047] S6. The monitoring method is affected by environmental factors, and the environmental conditions are mainly temperature and air humidity.

[0048] Furthermore, the interferometric measurement technique in step S2 is a radar technique that can measure the displacement of an object by comparing the phase information of electromagnetic waves reflected by the object at different times. The measurement of the displacement of the object (d) is due to the radar sensor being able to collect phase change information measured at different times. The displacement measurement and phase change measurement are connected by the following relationship:

[0049]

[0050] Furthermore, the core of the IBIS system is an electromagnetic sensor based on a stepped frequency-continuous wave functional technology, which acquires a one-dimensional image with high range resolution (range resolution) by transmitting a series of long-duration electromagnetic waves (continuous waves) of different frequencies (stepped frequencies);

[0051] IBIS systems can achieve a distance resolution of 75 cm: The image resolution in the direction of the structure being investigated then depends on the sensor's viewing angle of the structure, following the geometrical projection:

[0052]

[0053] Furthermore, the measurement accuracy of the monitoring method in step S4 depends on the radar echo intensity, and the accuracy of the displacement value measured by the interference technology (i.e., comparing the phases of two different images) depends on the given radar echo intensity, or more precisely, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the point under consideration; the theoretical accuracy of the instrument can be accurate to one thousandth of a millimeter, and in the best actual case, an accuracy of 0.1 millimeter can be achieved when measuring landslides.

[0054] Furthermore, in step S5, there is no limit to the theoretical maximum observable distance, and everything depends on the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave, which reduces the power density to the square of the covered distance, which means that the farther away from the sensor, the lower the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal;

[0055] The maximum observable distance in operation depends on the reflectivity of the scene and the required accuracy of the measurement (as well as the necessary signal-to-noise ratio). By installing artificial reflectors at specific monitoring points, the response of the scene can be improved, increasing the reflectivity of the target, which also improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0056] Furthermore, in step S6, the environmental effects caused by environmental conditions will produce virtual displacement detected by the radar. Due to the change in environmental conditions between one image and the next, it is necessary to correct this effect by comparing the displacement of the entire scene with the virtual displacement of several fixed points. A well-applied correction technology can be used to achieve a correction accuracy of a few tenths of a millimeter for the virtual displacement caused by atmospheric changes.

[0057] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of a non-suspended airport flight zone, characterized in that: The method comprises a deformation monitoring system (IBIS-FL), the deformation monitoring system comprises a data acquisition module and a data processing module, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, the data acquisition module acquires sensor data of surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport, and sends the sensor data to the data processing module, the sensor data including radar reflection wave data; S2. The monitoring system combines interferometric measurement technology and step-frequency continuous wave technology, ensures long-distance transmission of electromagnetic waves through step-frequency continuous wave technology, and completes the measurement of phase difference of radar reflection waves through interferometric measurement technology; S3. The monitoring system is combined with synthetic aperture radar technology, which increases the aperture of the antenna along the track linear scanning; S4. The measurement accuracy of the monitoring method depends on the radar echo intensity, that is, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the considered point; S5. The observation distance of the monitoring method is divided into a theoretical observation distance and an actual observation distance; S6. The monitoring method is affected by environmental factors, and the environmental conditions are mainly temperature and air humidity.

2. The remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The interferometric measurement technology in step S2 is a radar technology that can measure the displacement of an object by comparing the phase information of electromagnetic waves reflected by the object at different times. The measurement of the displacement of the object (d) is due to the radar sensor being able to collect phase change information measured at different times. The displacement measurement and phase change measurement are connected by the following relationship:

3. The remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The core of the IBIS system is an electromagnetic sensor based on stepped frequency-continuous wave function technology, which obtains a one-dimensional image with high range resolution (range resolution) by transmitting a series of long-duration electromagnetic waves (continuous wave) at different frequencies (stepped frequency); IBIS systems can achieve a distance resolution of 75 cm: The image resolution in the direction of the structure being investigated then depends on the sensor's viewing angle of the structure, following the geometrical projection:

4. The remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement accuracy of the monitoring method in step S4 depends on the radar echo intensity, and the accuracy of the displacement value measured by the interferometric technique (i.e., comparing the phases of two different images) depends on the given radar echo intensity, or more precisely, the accuracy depends on the signal-to-noise ratio of the point under consideration; the theoretical accuracy of the instrument can be accurate to one thousandth of a millimeter, and in the best actual case, an accuracy of 0.1 millimeter can be achieved when measuring landslides.

5. The remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, there is no limit to the theoretical maximum observable distance, and everything depends on the propagation mode of the electromagnetic wave, which reduces the power density to the square of the covered distance, which means that the farther away from the sensor, the lower the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal; The maximum observable distance in operation depends on the reflectivity of the scene and the required accuracy of the measurement (as well as the necessary signal-to-noise ratio). By installing artificial reflectors at specific monitoring points, the response of the scene can be improved, increasing the reflectivity of the target, which also improves the signal-to-noise ratio.

6. The remote monitoring method for surface micro-deformation of the flight zone of a non-suspended airport as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the environmental effects caused by environmental conditions will produce virtual displacement detected by the radar. Due to the change in environmental conditions between one image and the next, it is necessary to correct this effect by comparing the displacement of the entire scene with the virtual displacement of several fixed points. A well-applied correction technology can be used to make the correction accuracy of the virtual displacement caused by atmospheric changes reach a few tenths of a millimeter.

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