Magnetic quadrupole cycle unit, focusing system and focusing array

Abstract

The invention discloses a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system and a focusing array. The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit comprises two magnetic quadrupoles, the magnetic quadrupole comprises two first magnets and two second magnets, short edges of the first magnets and the second magnets are enclosed to form a channel for accommodating a high-frequency circuit, and the electron beam channel is located in the center of the channel; the two first magnets are located on the two opposite sides of the channel in the second direction, and the polarities of the ends, close to the channel, of the two first magnets are the same. The two second magnets are located on the two opposite sides of the channel in the first direction, the polarities of the ends, close to the channel, of the two second magnets are the same, and the polarity of the end, close to the channel, of the first magnet is opposite to the polarity of the ends, close to the channel, of the second magnets. The magnetization direction of the first magnet of one magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the first magnet of the other magnetic quadrupole; and the magnetization direction of the second magnet of one magnetic quadrupole is opposite to that of the second magnet of the other magnetic quadrupole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, and more specifically, to a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system and a focusing array. Background Art

[0002] Integrated array traveling wave tubes have good application prospects in the fields of radar, communication, electronic warfare, etc. However, this type of traveling wave tube has shortcomings in the focusing system architecture: the existing technology generally uses an overall magnetic focusing system to constrain the electron beam transmission of multiple channels (such as Figure 1 This overall focusing method cannot maintain the symmetry of the magnetic field in each electron beam channel. The transverse magnetic field difference always exists objectively, which leads to a series of complex problems such as intensified electron beam fluctuations, envelope expansion, trajectory deviation, etc., resulting in a decrease in the final flow rate. This architectural defect has become a major problem that is difficult to solve in integrated array traveling wave tube electron optics. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, one object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit.

[0004] An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic quadrupole focusing array suitable for an integrated array traveling wave tube technology system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, comprising:

[0008] two magnetic quadrupoles arranged along the traveling direction of the electron beam, with a gap between the two magnetic quadrupoles;

[0009] The magnetic quadrupole comprises two first magnets and two second magnets, the short sides of the first magnets and the second magnets enclose a channel for accommodating a high-frequency circuit, and the electron injection channel passes through the center of the channel;

[0010] The channels of the two magnetic quadrupoles are set in correspondence with each other;

[0011] The magnetic quadrupole is a cross-shaped structure, and the two first magnets are extended along the first direction and are located at two opposite sides of the channel in the second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets close to one end of the channel are the same;

[0012] Two second magnets are extended along the second direction and are located at two opposite sides of the channel in the first direction, and the polarities of the two second magnets close to one end of the channel are the same, and the polarity of the first magnet close to one end of the channel is opposite to the polarity of the second magnet close to one end of the channel;

[0013] The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the electron beam travels in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction;

[0014] The magnetization direction of the first magnet of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding first magnet of the second magnetic quadrupole;

[0015] The magnetization direction of the second magnet of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding second magnet of the second magnetic quadrupole.

[0016] In addition, an optional solution is that the first magnet and the second magnet are both rectangular parallelepiped structures and have the same structural dimensions;

[0017] The short side lengths of the first magnet and the second magnet are both b, and the projection of the channel in a plane perpendicular to the third direction is a square with a size of b*b.

[0018] In addition, an optional solution is that the electron injection channel is a cylindrical channel, and its central axis coincides with the central axis of the channel;

[0019] The radius of the electron injection channel is r, wherein r<b / 2.

[0020] In addition, an optional solution is that the magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the first of the two magnetic quadrupoles causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force converging in a fourth direction and a Lorentz force diverging in a fifth direction;

[0021] The magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the second magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force diverging in a fourth direction and a Lorentz force converging in a fifth direction;

[0022] The fourth direction and the fifth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the angles between the fourth direction and the first direction and the second direction are all 45°.

[0023] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic quadrupole focusing system, comprising a plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units are sequentially arranged along a third direction;

[0024] The channels of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit are connected in sequence to form an installation channel for installing a high-frequency circuit;

[0025] The distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is L1;

[0026] The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is L2;

[0027] Among them, L1=L2.

[0028] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, comprising a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a first direction and / or a second direction.

[0029] In addition, an optional solution is that a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the first direction;

[0030] In the first direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a first magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0031] In addition, an optional solution is that a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the second direction;

[0032] In the second direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0033] In addition, an optional solution is that a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the first direction and the second direction to form a matrix structure;

[0034] In the first direction, the magnetic quadrupoles in the adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems at the same position in the electron beam travel direction share a first magnet, one end of the first magnet constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system;

[0035] In the second direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

[0036] In addition, an optional solution is that the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes m installation channels arranged along the first direction, and n installation channels arranged along the second direction;

[0037] The number M of the first magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula:

[0038] M=(m+1)*n*2t

[0039] The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula:

[0040] N=(n+1)*m*2t

[0041] Wherein, t is the number of magnetic quadrupole periodic units in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0043] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, a focusing system and a focusing array. The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is formed by precisely arranging magnetic quadrupoles to achieve symmetrical focusing of electron beams. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system and the magnetic quadrupole focusing array are formed by combining the magnetic quadrupole periodic units, thereby solving the problem of asymmetric transverse magnetic field distribution in traditional integrated array traveling wave tubes.

[0044] The magnetic quadrupole provided by the embodiment of the present invention is composed of four magnets with alternating magnetization directions, and can generate magnetic fields of focusing and anti-focusing forces in the fourth direction and the fifth direction, respectively. A plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged along the direction of electron beam travel to form a periodically focused magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is arranged along the first direction and / or the second direction to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, which periodically applies an alternating magnetic field on the electron beam transmission path, and alternately applies focusing and anti-focusing effects to the electron beam in the fourth direction and the fifth direction, thereby achieving the effect of stable focusing transmission of the electron beam as a whole.

[0045] The design of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array can ensure the symmetry of the magnetic field distribution in each electron beam channel. Due to the symmetry of the magnetic quadrupole, the magnetic force exerted on the electron beam when passing through each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is consistent and predictable, which effectively eliminates the asymmetry of the transverse magnetic field and ensures that the electron beam maintains good beam quality and stability during transmission.

[0046] The magnetic quadrupole is composed of a simple structure of permanent magnetic materials, which reduces the manufacturing cost and maintains reliability and thermal stability. The modular design of the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit facilitates the large-scale integration of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array, reduces the difficulty of array aggregation, and promotes the array integration of traveling wave tubes.

[0047] In summary, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system and focusing array provided in the embodiments of the present invention achieve effective focusing of the electron beam in each electron beam channel through the symmetrical distribution of the periodic magnetic quadrupole magnetic field, solve the problems caused by the asymmetric magnetic field in the traditional focusing system, have significant advantages such as simple structure, superior performance, and easy integration, can reduce the difficulty of adapting the focusing system and the high-frequency circuit, and are suitable for integrated array traveling wave tube systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of a magnetic focusing system in the prior art for confining electron beam transmission in multiple channels.

[0050] Figure 2 A front view of a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0051] Figure 3 A side view of a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0053] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the polarity distribution of two magnetic quadrupoles in a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0054] Figure 6 Show Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution exerted by the four magnets of the two magnetic quadrupoles.

[0055] Figure 7 Shows the electron injection Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the Lorentz force on an electron in a magnetic field shown.

[0056] Figure 8 A schematic structural diagram of a magnetic quadrupole focusing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0057] Fig. 9 A side view of a magnetic quadrupole focusing system provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0058] Fig.10 A schematic structural diagram of a magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0059] Fig.11 A front view of a magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0060] Fig.12 A side view of a magnetic quadrupole focusing array provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0061] Fig.13 Vector diagram showing the magnetic field distribution of a 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array.

[0062] Fig.14 The amplitude diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown.

[0063] Fig.15 The electron beam trajectory diagram of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0066] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them.

[0067] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and other directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0068] In the prior art, the overall focusing magnetic field of a conventional array traveling wave tube is usually distributed in an axisymmetric manner, which makes it difficult to maintain symmetry in multiple electron injection channels. Each channel usually has an uneven lateral magnetic field distribution in the vertical and horizontal directions. This asymmetric magnetic field distribution specifically leads to the following problems:

[0069] 1. Electron beam trajectory deviation: Due to the non-uniformity of the magnetic field, the electron beam is subjected to uneven magnetic force when passing through the electron beam channel, which causes the electron beam trajectory to deviate. The deviation will prevent the electron beam from following the expected path during transmission, and the electron beam may be intercepted, resulting in a decrease in output power and efficiency.

[0070] 2. Focusing failure: The inhomogeneity of the magnetic field may also lead to the failure of the focusing system. The electron beam cannot be effectively focused, resulting in insufficient or excessive focusing, further aggravating the deviation and instability of the electron beam.

[0071] In view of the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, such as Figure 2-15 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 includes two magnetic quadrupoles 1 arranged along the direction of electron beam travel, and a gap is included between the two magnetic quadrupoles 1. In this embodiment, the direction of electron beam travel is Figure 4 It can be understood that the electron beam travel direction described in this embodiment is Figure 4 The Z-axis direction.

[0072] The magnetic quadrupole 1 includes two first magnets 11 and two second magnets 12. The short sides of the first magnets 11 and the second magnets 12 enclose a channel 13 for accommodating a high-frequency circuit, and an electron injection channel 14 passes through the center of the channel 13. In a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, the channels 13 of the two magnetic quadrupoles 1 are correspondingly connected so that the high-frequency circuit can be placed therein.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole 1 is a cross-shaped structure, and the two first magnets 11 are arranged to extend along the first direction and are located at two opposite sides of the channel 13 in the second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets 11 close to one end of the channel 13 are the same. It can be understood that the first direction in this embodiment is Figure 4 The Y-axis direction.

[0074] The two second magnets 12 are extended along the second direction and are located at two opposite sides of the channel 13 in the first direction. The polarities of the two second magnets 12 at one end close to the channel 13 are the same, and the polarity of the second magnet 12 at one end close to the channel 13 is opposite to the polarity of the first magnet 11 at one end close to the channel 13. It can be understood that the second direction in this embodiment is Figure 4 The X-axis direction.

[0075] In the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, the magnetization direction of the first magnet 11 of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding first magnet 11 in the second magnetic quadrupole; the magnetization direction of the second magnet 12 of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding second magnet 12 in the second magnetic quadrupole.

[0076] like Figure 4-5 As shown, in the two magnetic quadrupoles, the two first magnets 11 of the first magnetic quadrupole have one end close to the channel 13 and one end close to the channel 13, and the other end close to the channel 13, and the two second magnets 12 have one end close to the channel 13 and one end close to the channel 13, and the other end close to the channel 13, and the other end close to the channel 13, and the two second magnets 12 have one end close to the channel 13 and one end close to the channel 13, and the two second magnets have ... Figure 6-7 As shown in p1, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the magnetic quadrupole causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel 14 to be subjected to the Lorentz force converging in the fourth direction and the Lorentz force diverging in the fifth direction.

[0077] The two first magnets 11 of the second magnetic quadrupole have N poles at one end close to the channel 13 and S poles at the other end; the two second magnets 12 have S poles at one end close to the channel 13 and N poles at the other end. Figure 6-7 As shown in p2, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the magnetic quadrupole causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel 14 to be subjected to a Lorentz force that diverges in the fourth direction and a Lorentz force that converges in the fifth direction.

[0078] The fourth direction and the fifth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the angles between the fourth direction and the first direction and the second direction are 45°, and the angles between the fifth direction and the first direction and the second direction are 45°. Figure 5 The V-axis direction in the fifth direction is Figure 5 The W-axis direction in .

[0079] The magnetic focusing forces generated by the magnetic quadrupole near the electron beam channel are independent of each other in the fourth and fifth directions, realizing the focusing of the electron beam in these two directions (V-axis direction and W-axis direction). Specifically, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, when the electron beam enters the first magnetic quadrupole 1, the electron beam is subjected to the focusing force exerted by the four magnets in the fourth direction, and the electron beam is subjected to the diverging force exerted by the four magnets in the fifth direction; when entering the second magnetic quadrupole 1, the electron beam is subjected to the focusing force exerted by the four magnets in the fifth direction, and the electron beam is subjected to the diverging force exerted by the four magnets in the fourth direction. That is, the magnetic field plays a focusing role in one direction, and the magnetic field plays a diverging role in the other direction, and the alternating focusing and diverging effects are respectively realized in the fourth direction and the fifth direction through the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, so as to achieve stable focusing transmission of the electron beam as a whole.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are both rectangular parallelepiped structures with the same structural dimensions. The long side lengths of the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 are both a, the short side lengths are both b, and the thicknesses are both d. The projection of the channel 13 formed by the short sides of the first magnet 11 and the second magnet 12 in the plane perpendicular to the traveling direction of the electron beam (i.e., the XY plane) is a square with a size of b*b.

[0081] In this embodiment, the electron injection channel 14 is a cylindrical channel, the central axis of which coincides with the central axis of the channel 13, and the radius of the electron injection channel 14 is r, where r<b / 2. In actual use, the electron injection channel 14 cannot completely occupy the entire channel 13, and the high-frequency circuit is generally much larger than the size of the electron injection channel 14. The channel 13 is used to accommodate the high-frequency circuit, and the central part of the channel 13 is used to accommodate the electron injection channel 14.

[0082] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100, such as Figure 8-9 As shown, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 includes a plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10, and the plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10 are sequentially arranged along the direction of electron beam travel (Z-axis direction). The channels 13 of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 are sequentially connected to form an installation channel 101 for installing a high-frequency circuit, and the high-frequency circuit is arranged in the installation channel 101. In the direction of electron beam travel, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 can periodically apply an alternating magnetic field gradient to the electron beam. Each time it passes through a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10, the electron beam in the V-axis direction will experience a focusing and diverging effect, and the electron beam in the W-axis direction will experience a diverging and focusing effect. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 ensures that the electron beam is focused in only one direction at the same position. The stable transmission of the electron beam is ensured through periodic alternating changes, and the complexity caused by two-way simultaneous focusing is avoided. In actual operation, the focusing effect in each direction can be accurately adjusted to meet different needs.

[0083] In this embodiment, the distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles 1 in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit 10 close to each other is L1. The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10 close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100 is L2, where L1=L2, and multiple magnetic quadrupole periodic units 10 are arranged in sequence along the direction of electron beam travel to form a periodically alternating magnetic field, thereby ensuring stable focusing transmission of the electron beam.

[0084] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, such as Figure 10-12As shown, the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, which are used to integrate the electron beam focusing of the array traveling wave tube and constrain the electron beam transmission of a plurality of electron beam channels. Specifically, the plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 are arranged along the first direction and / or the second direction to form an array structure.

[0085] To meet the requirements of miniaturization, arraying and integration, in one embodiment, when multiple magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the Y-axis direction, in the Y-axis direction, the magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam traveling direction in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 share a first magnet 11, one end of the first magnet 11 constitutes the bottom of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, and the other end constitutes the top of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100.

[0086] In one embodiment, when a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the X-axis direction, in the X-axis direction, the magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam traveling direction of adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 share a second magnet 12, one end of the second magnet 12 constitutes the right side wall of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, and the other end constitutes the left side wall of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100.

[0087] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along the Y-axis direction and the X-axis direction to form a matrix structure. In the Y-axis direction, the magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam travel direction in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 share a first magnet 11, one end of which constitutes the bottom of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, and the other end constitutes the top of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100. Similarly, in the X-axis direction, the magnetic quadrupoles 1 at the same position in the electron beam travel direction in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100 share a second magnet 12, one end of which constitutes the right side wall of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems 100, and the other end constitutes the left side wall of the installation channel of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole 1 in another magnetic quadrupole focusing system 100. Such an arrangement can greatly reduce the number of all magnets, making the overall structure of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array more compact and occupying less space.

[0088] In a specific embodiment, the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes m mounting channels 101 arranged along a first direction, and n mounting channels 101 arranged along a second direction.

[0089] The number M of the first magnets 11 in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula:

[0090] M=(m+1)*n*2t

[0091] The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula:

[0092] N=(n+1)*m*2t

[0093] Wherein, t is the number of magnetic quadrupole periodic units in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

[0094] The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention is composed of two magnetic quadrupoles 1, and the two magnetic quadrupoles 1 respectively realize the alternating focusing of the electron beam in the fourth direction and the fifth direction. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system formed by arranging the magnetic quadrupole periodic units along the traveling direction of the electron beam can focus the electron beam by alternating the magnetic field polarity. Its working principle is that since the magnetic quadrupole 1 is composed of four magnets, the magnetic quadrupole 1 is in a cross-shaped structure, the two first magnets 11 are symmetrically arranged, and the two second magnets 12 are symmetrically arranged, the magnetic field of the magnetic quadrupole 1 acts independently in the fourth direction and the fifth direction, respectively, so as to realize the alternating focusing of the electron beam in the fourth direction and the fifth direction during the traveling process, so as to achieve the purpose of stable focusing of the electron beam.

[0095] The magnetic quadrupole focusing system controls the electron beam in the fourth direction and the fifth direction respectively by means of alternating magnetic field characteristics. Specifically, when the electron beam passes through the pth magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, Figure 4-5 As shown, when the electron beam passes through the channel of the p1th magnetic quadrupole 1 (i.e., the previous magnetic quadrupole in the pth magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system), in the fourth direction, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a focusing force, and in the fifth direction, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a diverging force; when the electron beam passes through the channel of the p2th magnetic quadrupole 1 (i.e., the next magnetic quadrupole in the pth magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system), in the fourth direction, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a diverging force, and in the fifth direction, the magnetic field applied by the four magnets causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a focusing force. Therefore, the focusing effects of the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit in the fourth direction and the fifth direction are independent of each other and have directionality. That is, when it has a focusing effect in one direction, it has a diverging effect in the other direction.

[0096] The effect of the magnetic field of a single magnetic quadrupole 1 is local, and the focusing effect is only effective in a single direction (the fourth direction or the fifth direction), and the other direction is manifested as an anti-focusing effect. When the magnetic field behaves as a focusing force in a certain direction, it will cause the electron beam converging effect in that direction, and a diverging effect will appear in the direction perpendicular to that direction. Since the magnetic field of the magnetic quadrupole 1 acts independently in the fourth and fifth directions, the alternating focusing and diverging of the electron beam in the fourth direction and the alternating focusing and diverging in the fifth direction can be realized by designing and regulating the magnetic quadrupole focusing system. Moreover, under the action of the same magnetic quadrupole 1, the focusing effect in the fourth direction must be accompanied by the diverging effect in the fifth direction. Similarly, the focusing effect in the fifth direction must also be accompanied by the diverging effect in the fourth direction, which is realized by the alternating arrangement of different magnetic quadrupoles 1. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system and the magnetic quadrupole focusing array optimize the focusing performance of the integrated array traveling wave tube by separating the focusing effects on the electron beam in the fourth and fifth directions and by reasonably adjusting the focusing strength in each direction.

[0097] The magnetic quadrupole focusing unit achieves stable focusing of the electron beam by focusing in one direction and diverging in the other direction. According to actual needs, a magnetic quadrupole focusing system is formed by combining magnetic quadrupole focusing units, and a magnetic quadrupole focusing array is formed by the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, which can effectively solve the shortcomings of the integrated array traveling wave tube in the focusing system architecture. Specifically, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system and the magnetic quadrupole focusing array can avoid the complexity brought by two-way simultaneous focusing and reduce the difficulty of system design and debugging. It can effectively avoid the instability caused by excessive focusing of the electron beam, help maintain the stable transmission of the electron beam, and improve the working stability of the system. Through reasonable magnetic field configuration, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system and the magnetic quadrupole focusing array can achieve effective, stable and adjustable electron beam transmission control, meeting the strict requirements of high-frequency electronic devices for stability and high performance.

[0098] As Figure 10-12 The 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array shown is used as an example for specific description, wherein the magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes 2 mounting channels arranged along the first direction and 3 mounting channels arranged along the second direction. The 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is simulated based on the 3D electromagnetic simulation software CST Particle Studio. Fig.13 The vector diagram showing the magnetic field distribution of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. Fig.14 The amplitude diagram of the magnetic field distribution of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. Fig.15The electron beam trajectory diagram of the 2*3 channel magnetic quadrupole focusing array is shown. The simulation results show that the magnetic field in the electron beam channel 14 of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is symmetrically distributed up and down and left and right, and the electron beam can be transmitted without interception in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array.

[0099] Specifically, the magnetic quadrupole focusing system and the magnetic quadrupole focusing array in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the following effects:

[0100] Balanced focusing effect: Due to the symmetry of the magnetic field of the magnetic quadrupole in different directions, the focusing force on the electron beam is balanced in all directions. This can effectively prevent the electron beam from being over-focused or diverged in a certain direction, and prevent local interception. Specifically, the influence of the magnetic quadrupole on the electron beam is in alternating directions. When the electron beam passes through, different magnetic field gradients can compensate each other, ensuring that the electron beam is transmitted along the predetermined trajectory.

[0101] Avoid asymmetric influences: If the magnetic field is asymmetric during the transmission of the electron beam, the electron beam may be unevenly deflected or focused in a certain direction, causing some electrons in the electron beam to be "intercepted" when passing through the channel. The magnetic field distribution generated by the symmetrically structured magnetic quadrupoles avoids this situation. The magnetic field generated by the magnetic quadrupoles focuses or diverges the electron beam by changing the direction of the particle velocity. The symmetrical magnetic field can provide balanced force in all directions in space, ensuring the overall stable transmission of the electron beam.

[0102] The vertically and horizontally symmetrical magnetic field distribution of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array can ensure that the electron beam does not undergo uneven deflection or focusing in the channel, so that the electron beam can be transmitted along a predetermined path and will not be intercepted in the electron beam channel.

[0103] The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system and focusing array provided in the embodiments of the present invention form a magnetic quadrupole periodic unit by precisely arranging magnetic quadrupoles, thereby achieving symmetrical focusing of electron beams. The magnetic quadrupole focusing system and magnetic quadrupole focusing array are formed by combining magnetic quadrupole periodic units, thereby solving the problem of asymmetric transverse magnetic field distribution in traditional integrated array traveling wave tubes.

[0104] The magnetic quadrupole provided by the embodiment of the present invention is composed of four magnets with alternating magnetization directions, and can generate focusing force and anti-focusing force in the fourth direction and the fifth direction respectively. A plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged along the direction of electron beam travel to form a periodically focused magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is arranged along the first direction and / or the second direction to form a magnetic quadrupole focusing array, which periodically applies an alternating magnetic field on the electron beam transmission path to achieve alternating focusing and anti-focusing, thereby achieving a stable focusing effect as a whole.

[0105] The design of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array can ensure the symmetry of the magnetic field distribution in each electron beam channel. Due to the symmetry of the magnetic quadrupole, the electron beam is subjected to uniform magnetic force when passing through each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, effectively eliminating the asymmetry of the transverse magnetic field and ensuring that the electron beam maintains good beam quality and stability during transmission.

[0106] The magnetic quadrupole is composed of a simple structure of permanent magnetic materials, which reduces the manufacturing cost and maintains reliability and thermal stability. The modular design of the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit facilitates the large-scale integration of the magnetic quadrupole focusing array, reduces the difficulty of array aggregation, and promotes the array integration of traveling wave tubes.

[0107] In summary, the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, focusing system and focusing array provided in the embodiments of the present invention achieve effective focusing of the electron beam in each electron beam channel through the symmetrical distribution of the periodic magnetic quadrupole magnetic field, solve the problems caused by the asymmetric magnetic field in the traditional focusing system, have significant advantages such as simple structure, superior performance, and easy integration, can reduce the difficulty of adapting the focusing system and the high-frequency circuit, and are suitable for integrated array traveling wave tube systems.

[0108] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not limitations on the implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A magnetic quadrupole periodic unit, characterized in that: The method comprises two magnetic quadrupoles arranged along the traveling direction of the electron beam, and a gap is provided between the two magnetic quadrupoles; The magnetic quadrupole comprises two first magnets and two second magnets, the short sides of the first magnets and the second magnets enclose a channel for accommodating a high-frequency circuit, and the electron injection channel passes through the center of the channel; The channels of the two magnetic quadrupoles are set in correspondence with each other; The magnetic quadrupole is a cross-shaped structure, and the two first magnets are extended along the first direction and located at two opposite sides of the channel in the second direction, and the polarities of the two first magnets close to one end of the channel are the same; Two second magnets are extended along the second direction and are located at two opposite sides of the channel in the first direction, and the polarities of the two second magnets close to one end of the channel are the same, and the polarity of the first magnet close to one end of the channel is opposite to the polarity of the second magnet close to one end of the channel; The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the electron beam travels in a third direction perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction; The magnetization direction of the first magnet of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding first magnet of the second magnetic quadrupole; The magnetization direction of the second magnet of the first magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles is opposite to the magnetization direction of the corresponding second magnet of the second magnetic quadrupole.

2. The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnet and the second magnet are both rectangular parallelepiped structures and have the same structural dimensions; The short side lengths of the first magnet and the second magnet are both b, and the projection of the channel in a plane perpendicular to the third direction is a square with a size of b*b.

3. The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron injection channel is a cylindrical channel, and its central axis coincides with the central axis of the channel; The radius of the electron injection channel is r, wherein r<b / 2.

4. The magnetic quadrupole periodic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic field exerted by the four magnets of the first of the two magnetic quadrupoles causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force converging in a fourth direction and a Lorentz force diverging in a fifth direction; The magnetic field applied by the four magnets of the second magnetic quadrupole of the two magnetic quadrupoles causes the electron beam in the electron beam channel to be subjected to a Lorentz force diverging in a fourth direction and a Lorentz force converging in a fifth direction; The fourth direction and the fifth direction are perpendicular to each other, and the angles between the fourth direction and the first direction and the second direction are all 45°.

5. A magnetic quadrupole focusing system, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole periodic units are arranged in sequence along a third direction; The channels of each magnetic quadrupole periodic unit are connected in sequence to form an installation channel for installing a high-frequency circuit; The distance between the end faces of two magnetic quadrupoles close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole periodic unit is L1; The distance between the end faces of two adjacent magnetic quadrupole periodic units close to each other in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system is L2; Among them, L1=L2.

6. A magnetic quadrupole focusing array, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems as claimed in claim 5, wherein the plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a first direction and / or a second direction.

7. The magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a first direction; In the first direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a first magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

8. The magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a second direction; In the second direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

9. The magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of magnetic quadrupole focusing systems are arranged along a first direction and a second direction to form a matrix structure; In the first direction, the magnetic quadrupoles in the adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems at the same position in the electron beam travel direction share a first magnet, one end of the first magnet constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system; In the second direction, the magnetic quadrupoles at the same position in the direction of electron beam travel in adjacent magnetic quadrupole focusing systems share a second magnet, one end of which constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in one of the magnetic quadrupole focusing systems, and the other end constitutes a part of the corresponding magnetic quadrupole in the other magnetic quadrupole focusing system.

10. The magnetic quadrupole focusing array according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The magnetic quadrupole focusing array includes m mounting channels arranged along a first direction, and n mounting channels arranged along a second direction; The number M of the first magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula: M=(m+1)*n*2t The number N of the second magnets in the magnetic quadrupole focusing array is calculated by the following formula: N=(n+1)*m*2t Wherein, t is the number of magnetic quadrupole periodic units in the magnetic quadrupole focusing system, and m, n, and t are all integers greater than or equal to 1.

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