A high-rate electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery containing the electrolyte, and an electrical device thereof.

Abstract

This invention discloses a high-rate electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery containing the electrolyte, and related electrical devices. By adding vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone, and lithium nitrophthalocyanine to the electrolyte, this invention effectively improves the high-rate charge-discharge performance of the battery, while reducing the accumulation of side reactions on the surface of the positive electrode material, thereby enhancing the battery's cycle performance and safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium-ion battery technology, and in particular to a high-rate electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery containing the electrolyte, and an electrical device thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in 3C digital products, electric vehicles, and military aerospace due to their advantages such as high operating voltage, high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. With the popularization and application of smart digital products and the widespread use of new energy vehicles, the demand for fast charging performance of batteries is becoming increasingly urgent. Many factors influence fast charging, including the design of the positive and negative electrode materials and the electrolyte. Among these, the electrolyte, as the "blood" system of lithium-ion batteries, comes into contact with both the positive and negative electrodes and the separator, serving as a crucial medium for the transfer of lithium ions between the electrodes. The performance of the electrolyte has a key impact on fast charging and discharging.

[0003] Current lithium-ion battery products suffer from poor high-rate charge / discharge performance, inability to discharge at high rates, and lithium plating during high-rate charging. Particularly during high-rate charge / discharge cycles, lithium plating easily occurs on the surface of the negative electrode. The accumulated metallic lithium further consumes the electrolyte, thus accelerating battery lifespan degradation. Therefore, improving the high-rate charge / discharge performance of lithium-ion batteries is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-rate electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery containing the electrolyte, and an electrical device thereof.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-rate electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive comprises vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone, and lithium nitrophthalocyanine, wherein the lithium nitrophthalocyanine has a mass percentage of 0.5% to 5% in the electrolyte.

[0007] Furthermore, the preparation process of the lithium nitrophthalocyanine includes the following steps:

[0008] Anhydrous n-pentane and 4-nitrophthalonitrile were mixed and stirred until dissolved, then lithium phthalocyanine and DBU were added, and the mixture was refluxed at a constant temperature under inert gas protection.

[0009] After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, methanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand and filtered. The mixture was then refluxed with acetone and filtered again. The filtrate was washed successively with methanol, chloroform, and acetone until it was colorless. The purified lithium nitrophthalocyanine was obtained by filtration.

[0010] Furthermore, the lithium nitrophthalocyanine, such as Figure 2As shown.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass percentage of both the vinylene sulfate and the difluoromethyl sulfone in the electrolyte is less than 2%.

[0012] Furthermore, the non-aqueous organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonate solvents.

[0013] Furthermore, the cyclic carbonate solvent includes one or more of ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and difluoroethylene carbonate, and the linear carbonate solvent includes one or more of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl propyl carbonate.

[0014] Furthermore, the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8–1.3 mol / L.

[0015] Further, the lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a lithium-ion battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and the high-rate electrolyte described in the first aspect above.

[0017] Thirdly, the present invention proposes an electrical device comprising the lithium-ion battery proposed in the second aspect above.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention effectively improves the high-rate charge-discharge performance of the battery by adding vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone, and lithium nitrophthalocyanine to the electrolyte, while reducing the accumulation of side reactions on the surface of the positive electrode material, thereby improving the battery's cycle performance and safety performance. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the preparation process of lithium nitrophthalocyanine according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of lithium nitrophthalocyanine of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The following describes in detail the high-rate electrolyte, lithium-ion battery containing it, and electrical equipment proposed in this invention.

[0025] The high-rate electrolyte includes lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent and additives, wherein the additives include vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone and lithium nitrophthalocyanine, wherein the lithium nitrophthalocyanine accounts for 0.5% to 5% of the mass of the electrolyte.

[0026] The non-aqueous organic solvent includes cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonate solvents. The cyclic carbonate solvents include one or more of ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and difluoroethylene carbonate. The linear carbonate solvents include one or more of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and methyl propyl carbonate (MPC).

[0027] In some embodiments, the non-aqueous organic solvent accounts for 75% to 80% of the mass of the electrolyte.

[0028] In some embodiments, the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8–1.3 mol / L. The lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorodioxalate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalate phosphate.

[0029] The additives include vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PcNO2). The combination of these additives can effectively improve the high-rate charge and discharge performance of the battery, while reducing the accumulation of side reactions of the electrolyte on the surface of the positive electrode material, thereby improving the battery's cycle performance and safety performance.

[0030] Among them, vinylene sulfate (DTD) can improve battery cycle performance, but increasing its content will degrade impedance. Difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS) has a low oxidation potential and can form a dense and stable interfacial film on the positive electrode surface during the first charge and discharge process, optimizing the positive electrode surface film, inhibiting the surface activity of the electrode, thereby inhibiting further contact between the electrolyte and the electrode active material and the formation of HF, reducing the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte bulk solvent on the electrode surface. At the same time, the sulfone group in this additive can effectively improve the conductivity of carbonate electrolytes, the fluorine functional group can participate in the formation of surface film components such as LiF, and the phenyl group can improve the stability of the electrolyte.

[0031] The structural formula of lithium nitrophthalocyanine is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li₂PcNO₂) interacts with the solvent to form a significant solvation sheath around the phthalocyanine ligand. This weakens the dipole-dipole interactions of the solvent, promotes the solvation of anions within the outer solvation sheath, inhibits anion migration, and increases the Li₂ concentration. + The transfer number is increased, which simultaneously promotes the dissociation of the solute, resulting in higher ionic conductivity, and the homogenized Li... + The flow alleviates the generation of local polarization and hinders dendrite growth. In addition, the -NO2 group on the substituent has strong chemical stability and cannot be destroyed by general chemical reactions. It can exist in the electrolyte for a long time. Since the -NO2 in the non-conjugated system can rotate freely, there is steric hindrance between phthalocyanine molecules, which can effectively reduce crystallization and aggregation during long-term storage in the electrolyte.

[0032] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of both the vinylene sulfate and the difluoromethyl sulfone in the electrolyte is less than 2%.

[0033] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of lithium nitrophthalocyanine in the electrolyte is 0.5% to 5%. The mass percentage of lithium nitrophthalocyanine in the electrolyte can be 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or any value within a range of any two values.

[0034] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the preparation process of lithium nitrophthalocyanine includes the following steps: anhydrous n-pentane and 4-nitrophthalonitrile are mixed and stirred until dissolved, then lithium nitrophthalocyanine and DBU are added, and the mixture is refluxed at a constant temperature under inert gas protection; after the reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, methanol is added, and the mixture is allowed to stand and filtered. The mixture is then refluxed with acetone and filtered, and washed successively with methanol, chloroform, and acetone until the filtrate is colorless. The purified lithium nitrophthalocyanine is obtained by filtration.

[0035] The inert gas can be nitrogen or argon.

[0036] In some embodiments, 15 ml of anhydrous n-pentane and 4.8 mol of 4-nitrophthalonitrile were added to a 100 ml round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux device, and nitrogen protection device. The mixture was stirred until dissolved, and then 2.4 mol of lithium phthalocyanine (Li₂PC) and 0.6 ml of DBU (1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene) were added. The mixture was refluxed at 150 °C for 5 h under nitrogen protection. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 60 ml of methanol was added. The mixture was allowed to stand for 24 h, filtered, refluxed with acetone for 1.5 h, filtered again, and washed successively with methanol, chloroform, and acetone until the filtrate was colorless. The filtrate was then dried using an oil pump to obtain purified lithium nitrophthalocyanine.

[0037] The present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials and reagents used in the following embodiments can be obtained commercially. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they can be performed in accordance with the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Preparation of electrolyte:

[0040] In a 100 ml round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer, reflux apparatus, and nitrogen protection, 15 ml of anhydrous n-pentane and 4.8 mol of 4-nitrophthalonitrile were added and stirred until dissolved. Then, 2.4 mol of lithium phthalocyanine (Li₂PC) and 0.6 ml of DBU (1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene) were added. The mixture was refluxed at 150 °C for 5 h under nitrogen protection. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, 60 ml of methanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 h. The mixture was then filtered, refluxed with acetone for 1.5 h, filtered again, and washed successively with methanol, chloroform, and acetone until the filtrate was colorless. The filtrate was then dried using an oil pump to obtain purified lithium nitrophthalocyanine.

[0041] The cyclic carbonate solvent ethylene carbonate (EC), the linear carbonate solvents ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) were mixed in a mass ratio of EC:EMC:DEC = 3:5:2, and purified to remove impurities and water using molecular sieves, calcium hydride, and lithium hydride to obtain a mixed solvent. Under room temperature conditions, the conductive lithium salt LiPF6 was dissolved in the above-obtained mixed solvent to a final concentration of 1.2 mol / L, and stirred until homogeneous to obtain a common electrolyte.

[0042] Ethylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and dilithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) were added to the ordinary electrolyte prepared above, with the amounts being 1%, 0.5%, and 0.5% of the electrolyte mass, respectively, to obtain a high-rate electrolyte with fast-charging function for lithium-ion batteries.

[0043] Preparation of positive electrode:

[0044] Weigh out 95% lithium iron phosphate, 2% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the positive electrode binder, and 3% conductive carbon black as the positive electrode conductive agent according to the mass ratio. First, add PVDF to N-methylpyrrolidone solvent (solid content 10%) and place it in a double planetary mixer. Stir at 3000 m / s for 2 hours to prepare a slurry. Then, add conductive carbon black to the above slurry and stir at 5000 m / s for 1 hour until uniform. Next, add lithium iron phosphate to the above slurry and stir at 3000 m / s for 3 hours until uniform. Finally, coat the slurry onto the current collector Al foil (coating thickness 200 μm), dry it at 100℃ to prepare the positive electrode sheet, and obtain small positive electrode sheets by rolling and slitting.

[0045] Preparation of negative electrode:

[0046] Weigh out 96% graphite anode material, 1.2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose anode binder, 1.8% styrene-butadiene rubber anode binder, and 1% conductive carbon black anode conductive agent according to the following weight proportions: First, add sodium carboxymethyl cellulose to deionized water (solid content 6%) and place it in a double planetary mixer, stirring at 1000 m / s for 5 hours to prepare a slurry. Then, add conductive carbon black and graphite to the above slurry and stir at 3000 m / s for 3 hours until uniform. Next, add styrene-butadiene rubber to the above slurry and stir at 600 m / s for 1 hour until uniform. Finally, coat the slurry (coating thickness 150 μm) onto the current collector Cu foil and dry it at 80℃ to prepare the anode sheet. After rolling and slitting, obtain small anode sheets.

[0047] Preparation of lithium-ion batteries:

[0048] The positive and negative electrode sheets are vacuum baked. The positive electrode sheet, separator (PE porous polymer film), and negative electrode sheet are stacked in sequence, with the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrode sheets to provide isolation. This stacking process forms a battery cell (405059) which is then encapsulated in an aluminum-plastic film. After baking, the battery cell undergoes electrolyte injection, formation, aging, and capacity testing to complete the preparation of the lithium-ion battery.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are 1%, 1%, and 2% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are 1%, 1%, and 5% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are 1%, 2%, and 2% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are 1%, 2%, and 5% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are not added to the electrolyte.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD) and difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS) are 1% and 2% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0061] Comparative Example 3

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that, in the high-rate electrolyte, the amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) are 1%, 2%, and 7% of the electrolyte mass, respectively.

[0063] Experimental Example 1

[0064] Electrolytes and lithium-ion batteries from Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested for electrolyte viscosity and AC resistance (ACR). The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0065] Among them, ACR is the detection of AC resistance. The testing equipment is the JX-008 battery internal resistance tester. The testing method is to apply a fixed frequency of 1KHz to the cell under test, sample the voltage, and calculate the resistance value through a rectifier.

[0066] The viscosity of the electrolyte was tested using a DRT-1102D viscometer.

[0067] Table 1:

[0068] plan Viscosity at 25°C (mPa·s) ACR (mΩ) at 25℃ Example 1 0.889 0.41 Example 2 0.891 0.4 Example 3 0.903 0.45 Example 4 0.896 0.42 Example 5 0.913 0.46 Comparative Example 1 0.862 0.48 Comparative Example 2 0.886 0.44 Comparative Example 3 0.915 0.47

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1:

[0070] At 25°C, the viscosities of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were not significantly different, and the viscosity was mainly related to the solvent composition. The ACR test results at 25°C showed that the addition of a certain amount of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) was beneficial to improving the battery internal resistance.

[0071] Experimental Example 2

[0072] The lithium-ion batteries prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to room temperature cycling tests, and the capacity retention rates after 700 cycles are shown in Table 2 below.

[0073] The test method is as follows: the charging cut-off voltage is 3.65V, the discharging cut-off voltage is 2.0V, and at 25℃, the battery under test is first charged at 0.5C and then discharged at 1C, and the 1C discharge capacity C1 is measured; then the battery under test is cycled at 2C at 25℃ for 700 cycles, and the discharge capacity on the 700th cycle is C2. The cycle capacity retention rate is calculated using the formula: C2 / C1×100%.

[0074] Table 2:

[0075] plan 2C / 2C cycle 700-cycle capacity retention Example 1 92.45％ Example 2 91.32％ Example 3 91.23％ Example 4 90.68％ Example 5 89.56％ Comparative Example 1 83.67％ Comparative Example 2 86.57％ Comparative Example 3 84.05％

[0076] Table 2 shows that the cycle performance of Examples 1-5 is better than that of Comparative Examples 1-3. This indicates that adding appropriate amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) enables the battery to cycle well under high-rate charge-discharge conditions. This is mainly because lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li2PCNO2) effectively inhibits anion migration and increases the Li... + The transfer number promotes solute dissociation, resulting in higher ionic conductivity and increased rate performance. Meanwhile, difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS) can suppress electrode surface activity, thereby inhibiting further contact between the electrolyte and electrode active materials and the formation of HF, reducing the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte bulk solvent on the electrode surface, and enhancing the interfacial stability of the battery during cycling.

[0077] Experimental Example 3

[0078] The lithium-ion batteries prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to safety performance tests. The test results are shown in Table 3 below. The safety performance tests were conducted according to the test requirements of the standards (GB / T 31485-2015 and GB 31241-2014).

[0079] Table 3:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] Table 3 shows that adding appropriate amounts of vinylene sulfate (DTD), difluoromethyl sulfone (DPS), and lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li₂PCNO₂) can improve the battery's safety performance. This is mainly because the interaction between lithium nitrophthalocyanine (Li₂PcNO₂) and the solvent forms a significant solvation sheath around the phthalocyanine ligand, weakening the dipole-dipole interaction of the solvent and promoting the solvation of anions within the outer solvation sheath, thus inhibiting the Li₂... + The flow alleviates the generation of local polarization and hinders dendrite growth. At the same time, the -NO2 group on the substituent has strong chemical stability, and the -NO2 in the non-conjugated system can rotate freely, which makes phthalocyanine molecules and intermolecular steric hindrance, which can effectively reduce crystallization and aggregation during long-term storage in electrolyte.

[0083] In this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms may refer to different embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0084] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0085] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-rate electrolyte, characterized in that, The electrolyte comprises lithium salt, non-aqueous organic solvent, and additives, wherein the additives include vinylene sulfate, difluoromethyl sulfone, and dilithium nitrophthalocyanine, wherein the dilithium nitrophthalocyanine has a mass percentage of 0.5% to 5% in the electrolyte, and the vinylene sulfate and difluoromethyl sulfone each have a mass percentage of less than 2% in the electrolyte.

2. The high-rate electrolyte as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the lithium nitrophthalocyanine includes the following steps: Anhydrous n-pentane and 4-nitrophthalonitrile were mixed and stirred until dissolved, then lithium phthalocyanine and DBU were added, and the mixture was refluxed at a constant temperature under inert gas protection. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, methanol was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand and filtered. The mixture was then refluxed with acetone and filtered again. The filtrate was washed successively with methanol, chloroform, and acetone until it was colorless. The purified lithium nitrophthalocyanine was obtained by filtration.

3. The high-rate electrolyte as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The non-aqueous organic solvents include cyclic carbonate solvents and linear carbonate solvents.

4. The high-rate electrolyte as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The cyclic carbonate solvent includes one or more of ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, and difluoroethylene carbonate, and the linear carbonate solvent includes one or more of dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and methyl propyl carbonate.

5. The high-rate electrolyte as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is 0.8~1.3 mol / L.

6. The high-rate electrolyte as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium salt includes one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium dioxarate borate, lithium difluorooxarate borate, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorodioxarate phosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxarate phosphate.

7. A lithium-ion battery, characterized in that, It includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and the high-rate electrolyte as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Including the lithium-ion battery as described in claim 7.

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