A high-power variable polarization structure and radar system

Abstract

The present application discloses a high-power variable polarization structure and radar system, wherein the high-power variable polarization structure includes a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a coupling probe, an upper bearing, a lower bearing, a rotating connection structure and a motor, wherein the rectangular waveguide passes through the upper surface and the lower surface and has a via hole, the upper bearing is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide, the lower bearing is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide, the axis of the upper bearing, the via hole and the axis of the lower bearing are located on the same straight line, the coupling probe is fixedly arranged inside the circular waveguide, the rotating connection structure is arranged inside the via hole, one end extends to the inside of the circular waveguide through the upper bearing and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing. The high-power variable polarization structure provided by the present application has the advantages of high cross-polarization suppression, good frequency consistency, small size, solves the problem of high-speed rotating connection, and is very suitable for the modification of existing variable polarization radars with low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a high-power variable polarization structure and a radar system. Background Art

[0002] Radar technology, as a key support for many important fields such as military defense, aerospace, and meteorological monitoring, is constantly facing new challenges and changes. The disadvantages of traditional single-polarization radar in target recognition and anti-interference are becoming more and more obvious, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of increasingly complex and diverse application scenarios.

[0003] In today's era of rapid technological development and increasing requirements for detection accuracy and reliability, there is an increasing demand for the application of high-power electronic polarization agile radar antennas. A high-power polarization agile radar antenna is a radar antenna that can quickly change polarization. It can switch between horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, or between circular polarization and elliptical polarization. The principle of this antenna is to use the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves to achieve polarization switching by changing the structure or feeding method of the antenna.

[0004] In the field of electronic polarization agility, phase shifter and attenuator solutions have been widely used. This solution has significant advantages such as high-speed switching and multi-polarization agility. It can quickly switch between multiple polarization states, providing certain flexibility and convenience for signal processing. However, it also has many defects. The most prominent one is the significant signal attenuation, which will cause a significant reduction in signal strength and affect the detection range and accuracy of the radar. At the same time, its power capacity is extremely small and it is difficult to withstand the transmission and processing of high-power signals. These shortcomings seriously restrict its effective application in high-power radar systems that have high power requirements and pursue high-efficiency performance.

[0005] In recent years, the application of ferrite, plasma amplitude and phase regulators in high-power radar antenna polarization switching has been verified through experiments, which has the advantages of high power capacity and fast response adjustment. However, this solution has high control power consumption and high production cost, which limits its application in the transformation of variable polarization radar.

[0006] The circular waveguide polarization adjustable device is to add a rotating joint or polarization rotator to the periphery of the circular waveguide, and realize polarization agility by controlling the rotator. The device has the advantages of simple structure and relatively easy assembly. However, the relatively bulky polarization rotator limits the rotation speed, making its use in high-speed polarization agile radar systems relatively limited.

[0007] The application number is 201921259769.X, and the patent name is: A circular waveguide coaxial conversion device and a polarization tracking device. The patent document discloses a circular waveguide coaxial conversion device, which includes a circular waveguide and a coaxial conversion inner core. One end of the circular waveguide is a circular waveguide port, and the other end of the circular waveguide is a coaxial port. The coaxial conversion inner core includes at least one first electromagnetic coupling part and at least one second electromagnetic coupling part; the first electromagnetic coupling part is located at the center of the circular waveguide and is parallel to the axial direction of the circular waveguide; the second electromagnetic coupling part is parallel to the radial direction of the circular waveguide. It can be seen that the first, second, and third electromagnetic coupling parts are used to expand the antenna operating frequency. However, there is a non-90° angle between the first, second and third electromagnetic coupling parts, which can easily introduce disadvantages such as cross-polarization deterioration and poor frequency consistency. In addition, the patent document does not solve the connection form of the third electromagnetic coupling part, the inner core plug of the coaxial conversion structure, and the supporting medium of the transmission line, that is, it does not solve the connection problem during high-speed rotation, resulting in deficiencies in functionality and practicality, and it is not suitable for the modification of existing variable polarization radars. Summary of the invention

[0008] To this end, the present application provides a high-power variable polarization structure and antenna to solve the problems in the prior art that the circular waveguide coaxial conversion device is prone to introduce cross-polarization deterioration, has poor frequency consistency, does not solve the high-speed rotation connection, and is not suitable for the modification of existing variable polarization radars.

[0009] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] In a first aspect, a high-power variable polarization structure includes a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a coupling probe, an upper bearing, a lower bearing, a rotating connection structure and a motor, wherein the rectangular waveguide has vias formed on the upper and lower surfaces, the upper bearing is fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide, the lower bearing is fixedly disposed on the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide, the axis of the upper bearing, the via and the axis of the lower bearing are located on the same straight line, the coupling probe is fixedly disposed inside the circular waveguide, the rotating connection structure is disposed inside the via, one end of the rotating connection structure extends through the upper bearing to the inside of the circular waveguide to be rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end of the rotating connection structure is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing.

[0011] Preferably, it further comprises a counterweight structure, one end of which is fixedly arranged at the connection between the rotating connection structure and the coupling probe.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating connection structure includes a first rotating connection structure and a second rotating connection structure, one end of the first rotating connection structure extends to the interior of the circular waveguide through the upper bearing and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end is mechanically connected to one end of the second rotating connection structure, and the other end of the second rotating connection structure is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing.

[0013] Preferably, the inner circumference of the first rotating connection structure is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, the outer circumference of the second rotating connection structure is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions, and the first rotating connection structure and the second rotating connection structure are nested and connected by the plurality of the arc-shaped grooves and the arc-shaped protrusions.

[0014] Preferably, the first rotating connection structure is made of metal.

[0015] Preferably, the second rotating connection structure is made of ceramic material.

[0016] Preferably, the coupling probe is in an inverted L shape.

[0017] Preferably, it further includes a beam width adjustment device, one end of which is fixedly connected to a side of the circular waveguide away from the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of which is a transmitting end, which is horn-shaped and has a plurality of beam width adjustment slots.

[0018] In a second aspect, a high-power variable polarization radar system includes the high-power variable polarization structure, a coaxial waveguide structure, a reflecting surface, a supporting seat, a first supporting rod and a second supporting rod, wherein the high-power variable polarization structure and the coaxial waveguide structure share a rectangular waveguide, the first supporting rod is higher than the second supporting rod, one end of the first supporting rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side of the high-power variable polarization structure, one end of the second supporting rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rectangular waveguide shared by the high-power variable polarization structure and the coaxial waveguide structure, and the reflecting surface is located directly in front of the transmitting end of the high-power variable polarization radar system.

[0019] Preferably, the second support rod is a lifting telescopic rod.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present application provides a high-power variable polarization structure, including a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a coupling probe, an upper bearing, a lower bearing, a rotating connection structure and a motor. The rectangular waveguide passes through the upper surface and the lower surface to open a via hole. The upper bearing is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide, and the lower bearing is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide. The axis of the upper bearing, the via hole and the axis of the lower bearing are located on the same straight line. The coupling probe is fixedly arranged inside the circular waveguide, and the rotating connection structure is arranged inside the via hole. One end extends to the inside of the circular waveguide through the upper bearing to be rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing. The high-power variable polarization structure provided by the present application has the advantages of high cross-polarization suppression, good frequency consistency, small size, solves the problem of high-speed rotation connection, and is very suitable for the modification of existing variable polarization radars with low cost.

[0022] 2. The counterweight structure can adjust the impedance matching of the rectangular waveguide-coupled probe-circular waveguide conversion structure on the one hand, and ensure the stability of rotation on the other hand.

[0023] 3. The first rotating connection structure and the second rotating connection structure are connected by nesting multiple arc grooves and arc convex columns to reduce surface sharp angles, reduce tip discharge, and reduce the impact of the connection structure on the signal; in addition, multiple arcs can ensure high-speed linkage.

[0024] 4. The beam width adjustment device can control and adjust the beam width. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more intuitively illustrate the prior art and the present application, exemplary drawings are given below. It should be understood that the specific shapes and structures shown in the drawings should not generally be regarded as limiting conditions for implementing the present application; for example, those skilled in the art are capable of easily making conventional adjustments or further optimizations to the addition / reduction / attribution division, specific shapes, positional relationships, connection methods, dimensional ratios, etc. of certain units (components) based on the technical concepts and exemplary drawings disclosed in the present application.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-power variable polarization structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coupling probe, a counterweight structure, and a rotating connection structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first rotating connection structure and the second rotating connection structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the connection between the first rotating connection structure and the second rotating connection structure provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a beam width adjustment device provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a coaxial-to-waveguide structure provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a high-power variable polarization radar system provided in Example 2 of the present application.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1. Rectangular waveguide; 101. Via hole; 2. Circular waveguide; 3. Coupling probe; 4. Upper bearing; 5. Lower bearing; 6. Rotary connection structure; 601. First rotary connection structure; 602. Second rotary connection structure; 7. Motor; 8. Counterweight structure; 9. Beam width adjustment device; 901. Beam width adjustment slot; 10. Coaxial waveguide structure; 11. High-power variable polarization structure; 12. Support seat; 13. First support rod; 14. Second support rod; 15. Reflection surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present application is further described below in detail through specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] In the description of this application: unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. in this application are intended to distinguish the objects referred to, and do not have special meanings in terms of technical connotations (for example, they should not be understood as emphasizing the importance or order, etc.). Expressions such as "including", "comprising", "having", etc. also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0037] The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", etc. cited in this application are usually used to indicate the general relative position relationship for the purpose of intuitive understanding by referring to the drawings, and are not absolute limitations on the position relationship in the actual product.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] See also Figure 1The present embodiment provides a high-power variable polarization structure, including a rectangular waveguide 1, a circular waveguide 2, a coupling probe 3, an upper bearing 4, a lower bearing 5, a rotating connection structure 6 and a motor 7, wherein the rectangular waveguide 1 has a through hole 101 formed through the upper and lower surfaces, the upper bearing 4 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide 1, the lower bearing 5 is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide 1, the axis of the upper bearing 4, the through hole 101 and the axis of the lower bearing 5 are located on the same straight line, the coupling probe 3 is fixedly arranged inside the circular waveguide 2, the rotating connection structure 6 is arranged through the through hole 101, one end of the rotating connection structure 6 extends to the inside of the circular waveguide 2 through the upper bearing 4 and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe 3, and the other end of the rotating connection structure 6 is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor 7 through the lower bearing 5. In the high-power variable polarization structure provided in the present embodiment, the rectangular waveguide 1 feeds the signal from the rotating connection structure 6 and the coupling probe 3 to the circular waveguide 2. When the signal transitions from the rectangular waveguide 1 to the circular waveguide 2, the distribution of the electromagnetic field will also change due to the change in the waveguide shape, thereby changing the polarization mode.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 A high-power variable polarization structure provided in this embodiment also includes a counterweight structure 8, one end of which is fixedly arranged at the connection between the rotating connection structure 6 and the coupling probe 3. The coupling probe 3 (also referred to as: radiation arm) is an inverted L-shaped right-angled shape, which facilitates the counterweight structure 8 to be fixedly arranged at the connection between the rotating connection structure 6 and the coupling probe 3. In this embodiment, the counterweight structure 8 can adjust the impedance matching of the rectangular waveguide 1-coupling probe 3-circular waveguide 2 conversion structure on the one hand; on the other hand, when the volume and density of the counterweight structure 8 are appropriately increased, it can be ensured that the center of the coupling probe 3 is on the extension line of the rotating connection structure 6, thereby ensuring that the axis of the motor 7, the axis of the lower bearing 5, the rotating connection structure 6, the axis of the upper bearing 4 and the center of gravity of the coupling probe 3 are on the same line, thereby ensuring the stability of rotation.

[0041] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The rotating connection structure 6 includes a first rotating connection structure 601 and a second rotating connection structure 602. One end of the first rotating connection structure 601 extends to the inside of the circular waveguide 2 through the upper bearing 4 and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe 3, and the other end is mechanically connected to one end of the second rotating connection structure 602. The other end of the second rotating connection structure 602 is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor 7 through the lower bearing 5, wherein the upper bearing 4 and the lower bearing 5 can ensure rotation stability and polarization purity.

[0042] See also Figure 4The inner circumference of the first rotating connection structure 601 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the outer circumference of the second rotating connection structure 602 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions, and the first rotating connection structure 601 and the second rotating connection structure 602 are nested and connected through a plurality of arc-shaped grooves and arc-shaped protrusions. Among them, the first rotating connection structure 601 is made of metal, and the second rotating connection structure 602 is made of ceramic. In this embodiment, the first rotating connection structure 601 and the second rotating connection structure 602 are nested and connected through a plurality of arc-shaped grooves and arc-shaped protrusions to reduce the surface sharp angle and reduce the tip discharge, and the multiple arc-shaped protrusions are placed inside the rotating connection metal structure (i.e., the first rotating connection structure 601), where the surface current is weak, so the influence of the connection structure on the signal can be reduced. In addition, the multiple arcs can ensure high-speed linkage.

[0043] See also Figure 5 A high-power variable polarization structure provided in this embodiment also includes a beam width adjustment device 9, one end of the beam width adjustment device 9 is fixedly connected to a side of the circular waveguide 2 away from the rectangular waveguide 1, and the other end of the beam width adjustment device 9 is a transmitting end, the transmitting end is horn-shaped, and a plurality of beam width adjustment slots 901 are provided at the transmitting end. The beam width adjustment device 9 provided in this embodiment is provided with a plurality of beam width adjustment slots 901 at the transmitting end, and the beam width adjustment slots 901 have a beam width adjustment function. A deeper beam width adjustment slot 901 can appropriately expand the beam width, and a shallower beam width adjustment slot 901 corresponds to less beam width expansion. By appropriately adjusting the depth of the beam width adjustment slot 901, the horn beam width can be controlled, so as to be used in conjunction with an existing reflecting surface radar.

[0044] The high-power variable polarization structure provided in this embodiment has the advantages of high cross-polarization suppression, good frequency consistency, solves the problem of high-speed rotation connection, and is very suitable for the modification of existing variable polarization radars at low cost. In addition, the high-power variable polarization structure provided in this embodiment has the advantages of small size, high power capacity, high rotation speed, controllable power consumption and low cost.

[0045] Embodiment 2

[0046] See also Figure 6 and Figure 7The present embodiment provides a high-power variable polarization radar system, including the high-power variable polarization structure 11, the coaxial waveguide structure 10, the reflecting surface 15, the supporting seat 12, the first supporting rod 13 and the second supporting rod 14 provided in the first embodiment. The high-power variable polarization structure 11 and the coaxial waveguide structure 10 share a rectangular waveguide, the first supporting rod 13 is higher than the second supporting rod 14, one end of the first supporting rod 13 is fixedly connected to the supporting seat 12, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side of the high-power variable polarization structure 11, one end of the second supporting rod 14 is fixedly connected to the supporting seat 12, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rectangular waveguide shared by the high-power variable polarization structure 11 and the coaxial waveguide structure 10, and the reflecting surface 15 is located directly in front of the transmitting end of the high-power variable polarization radar system.

[0047] In a high-power variable polarization radar system provided by this embodiment, the coaxial-to-waveguide structure 10 is a high-power coaxial-to-waveguide structure, which can feed the coaxial signal into a rectangular waveguide.

[0048] In a high-power variable polarization radar system provided by this embodiment, the second support rod 14 is a lifting and telescopic rod, and the beam direction can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the second support rod 14.

[0049] The high-power variable polarization radar system provided in this embodiment is obtained by modifying the existing variable polarization radar by using the high-power variable polarization structure provided in the first embodiment. The modification cost is low, and the low-cost simple radar system modification has practical significance.

[0050] The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined (as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features). To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described; these embodiments that are not explicitly written should also be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A high-power polarization-changing structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a rectangular waveguide, a circular waveguide, a coupling probe, an upper bearing, a lower bearing, a rotating connection structure and a motor. The rectangular waveguide passes through the upper surface and the lower surface to form a via hole. The upper bearing is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the rectangular waveguide, and the lower bearing is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular waveguide. The axis of the upper bearing, the via hole and the axis of the lower bearing are located on the same straight line. The coupling probe is fixedly arranged inside the circular waveguide. The rotating connection structure passes through the via hole, one end of the rotating connection structure extends to the inside of the circular waveguide through the upper bearing and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end of the rotating connection structure is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing.

2. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a counterweight structure, one end of which is fixedly arranged at the connection between the rotating connection structure and the coupling probe.

3. The high-power polarization changing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating connection structure includes a first rotating connection structure and a second rotating connection structure, one end of the first rotating connection structure extends to the inside of the circular waveguide through the upper bearing and is rotationally connected to the coupling probe, and the other end is mechanically connected to one end of the second rotating connection structure, and the other end of the second rotating connection structure is rotationally connected to the output end of the motor through the lower bearing.

4. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner circumference of the first rotating connection structure is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the outer circumference of the second rotating connection structure is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions. The first rotating connection structure and the second rotating connection structure are connected by nesting the plurality of arc-shaped grooves and the arc-shaped protrusions.

5. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first rotating connection structure is made of metal.

6. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second rotating connection structure is made of ceramic material.

7. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coupling probe is in an inverted L shape.

8. The high-power polarization-changing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a beam width adjustment device, one end of which is fixedly connected to a side of the circular waveguide away from the rectangular waveguide, and the other end of which is a transmitting end, which is horn-shaped and has a plurality of beam width adjustment slots.

9. A high-power variable polarization radar system, characterized in that: It comprises the high-power variable polarization structure, coaxial waveguide structure, reflecting surface, supporting seat, first supporting rod and second supporting rod as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the high-power variable polarization structure and the coaxial waveguide structure share a rectangular waveguide, the first supporting rod is higher than the second supporting rod, one end of the first supporting rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the side of the high-power variable polarization structure, one end of the second supporting rod is fixedly connected to the supporting seat, and the other end is fixedly connected to the rectangular waveguide shared by the high-power variable polarization structure and the coaxial waveguide structure, and the reflecting surface is located directly in front of the transmitting end of the high-power variable polarization radar system.

10. The high-power variable polarization radar system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The second support rod is a lifting and telescopic rod.

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