A method and system for predicting reservoir power generation based on the synergy of water and light

Abstract

The present invention provides a method and system for predicting the power generation of a reservoir based on the synergy of water and light, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection new energy planning and prediction. The annual average emissions of greenhouse gases in the reservoir are calculated based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area; the proportion of the area of photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir is calculated based on the annual average emissions of greenhouse gases in the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net-zero emission state; the annual power generation of the water-light synergy of the reservoir is calculated based on the proportion of the area of photovoltaic panels to the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area. By evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions of the hydropower station reservoir and quantifying the carbon sequestration benefits of the floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) system, the collaborative operation of the hydropower station reservoir and FPV power generation is realized, the energy structure is optimized, the energy efficiency is improved, and at the same time, the impact of reservoir construction on the environment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection new energy planning and prediction, and particularly relates to a method and system for predicting the power generation of a reservoir based on the synergy of water and light. Background Art

[0002] The construction of a reservoir will affect the emission of greenhouse gases before and after. For example, vegetation can absorb a large amount of carbon dioxide and play a good role in carbon sequestration. The land cover type in the reservoir construction area changes significantly before and after construction. The original terrestrial carbon sink is submerged or transformed into water bodies and wetlands, resulting in the transformation of the reservoir area from a carbon sink to a carbon source. During the reservoir construction process, human activities also generate a large amount of carbon emissions. In addition, reservoirs for hydropower generation can emit a large amount of carbon dioxide and methane through the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, weakening the climate benefits of hydropower as a clean energy source. Compared with other types of reservoirs, hydropower station reservoirs have a higher proportion of the total greenhouse gas emissions due to their large area and have a greater impact on the environment. In order to achieve net-zero emissions in the construction of hydropower stations, the existing technology is to install floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices in the reservoir to achieve the synergy of water and light. However, when the FPV coverage rate is relatively high, it will affect the normal operation of the reservoir ecosystem. Therefore, under the condition of meeting future energy demands, the FPV coverage rate should be set at an appropriate ratio to minimize the impact on the ecosystem of the hydropower station reservoir while achieving net-zero emissions in the construction of hydropower stations. However, due to the complex emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir area, it is difficult to quantitatively and accurately predict the power generation of the water-light synergy, so as to scientifically plan the construction of the water-light synergy power station to meet the needs of energy diversification, optimize renewable energy power generation, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and national economic construction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for predicting the power generation of a reservoir based on the synergy of water and light, so as to solve the problem in the background art that the emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir area during the construction of hydropower stations is relatively complex and it is difficult to quantitatively and accurately predict the power generation of the water-light synergy. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for predicting the power generation of a reservoir based on the synergy of water and light, and the method includes:

[0005] Calculating the average annual emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area;

[0006] Calculating the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir in the total area of the reservoir based on the average annual emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net-zero emission state;

[0007] Calculating the annual power generation of the water-light synergy of the reservoir based on the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels in the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area.

[0008] Further, calculating the annual average emission of reservoir greenhouse gases based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area includes:

[0009] Calculating the total annual diffusion emission, total annual emission, and total annual emission of the reservoir respectively based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area;

[0010] Calculating the total annual emission of reservoir greenhouse gases based on the total annual diffusion emission, total annual emission, and total annual emission of the reservoir;

[0011] Obtaining the annual average emission of reservoir greenhouse gases based on the total annual emission of reservoir greenhouse gases.

[0012] Further, the formula for calculating the total annual diffusion emission is:

[0013]

[0014] Wherein, is the effective temperature, is the area of the reservoir area, is the soil carbon content of the reservoir, is the total phosphorus, is the percentage of the river area before water storage.

[0015] Further, the total annual emission is the sum of the annual diffusion emission, the annual bubbling emission, and the annual degassing emission;

[0016] Wherein, the formula for calculating the annual diffusion emission is:

[0017]

[0018] Wherein, is the area ratio of the drawdown zone, is the effective temperature;

[0019] The formula for calculating the annual bubbling emission is:

[0020] ;

[0021] Wherein, is the area ratio of the drawdown zone, is the cumulative global lateral radiation of the reservoir;

[0022] The formula for the annual degassing emissions is:

[0023]

[0024] Wherein, is the water residence time, is the catchment area, is the annual runoff, is the reservoir area.

[0025] Furthermore, the total annual emissions is the sum of the annual denitrification emissions and the annual nitrification emissions;

[0026] Wherein, the formula for the annual denitrification emissions is:

[0027] ;

[0028] The formula for the annual nitrification emissions is:

[0029] ;

[0030] Wherein, is the total nitrogen load of the basin, is the internal fixation load of total nitrogen in the reservoir, is the error function, is the water residence time, is the total annual emissions generated by denitrification, is the total annual emissions generated by nitrification.

[0031] Furthermore, calculating the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir includes:

[0032] Simulate the theoretical output using the PV_LIB photovoltaic system modeling and simulation tool to estimate the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel;

[0033] Estimate the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel;

[0034] Calculate the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of the single photovoltaic panel.

[0035] Further, the calculation formula for estimating the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel is as follows:

[0036] ;

[0037] Wherein, is the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel, is the grid emission factor, is the impact factor of existing clean energy in the grid.

[0038] Further, the calculation formula for calculating the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir in the total area of the reservoir based on the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of the single photovoltaic panel is as follows:

[0039] ;

[0040] Wherein, is the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, is the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel, is the area of a single photovoltaic panel, is the total area of the reservoir.

[0041] Further, calculating the annual combined hydropower and photovoltaic power generation of the reservoir based on the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels in the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area includes:

[0042] Calculating the total annual photovoltaic power generation of the reservoir, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0043] ;

[0044] Wherein, is the total annual photovoltaic power generation, is the floating photovoltaic installation ratio, is the total area of the reservoir, is the area of a single photovoltaic panel, is the total power generated by a single photovoltaic panel;

[0045] Calculating the annual hydropower generation of the reservoir, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0046] ;

[0047] Wherein, represents the annual hydropower generation of the reservoir, is the installed capacity of the water turbine, is the operating efficiency of the water turbine, is the number of working hours in a year;

[0048] Calculate the annual combined hydropower and solar power generation of the reservoir. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0049] ;

[0050] Wherein, is the annual combined hydropower and solar power generation of the reservoir.

[0051] Based on the above reservoir power generation prediction method based on the combination of hydropower and solar power, the present invention also provides a reservoir power generation prediction system based on the combination of hydropower and solar power. The system includes:

[0052] A greenhouse gas emissions calculation module for calculating the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area;

[0053] A photovoltaic panel area ratio calculation module for calculating the ratio of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net-zero emission state;

[0054] A power generation prediction module for calculating the annual combined hydropower and solar power generation of the reservoir based on the ratio of the area of the photovoltaic panels to the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area.

[0055] One or more of the above technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application have at least one or more of the following technical effects:

[0056] The reservoir power generation prediction method and system based on the combination of hydropower and solar power provided by the embodiments of the present invention comprehensively use analysis tools such as remote sensing technology, reservoir greenhouse gas models, and geographic calculations to evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions of hydropower station reservoirs and quantify the carbon sequestration benefits of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) systems, so as to achieve the coordinated operation of hydropower station reservoirs and FPV power generation, optimize the energy structure, improve energy efficiency, and at the same time reduce the environmental impact of reservoir construction. By accurately calculating the FPV coverage area and adjusting the FPV coverage ratio, while achieving net-zero emissions of reservoir greenhouse gas emissions, the seasonal stability of power supply is also enhanced, making it have significant practical value and market potential in promoting energy diversification, optimizing renewable energy power generation, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0057] The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention. In order to be able to understand the technical means of the present invention more clearly, it can be implemented according to the content of the description. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following specifically describes the embodiments of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the prediction method in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is the architecture diagram of the prediction system in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure can be more thoroughly understood and the scope of the present disclosure can be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0061] Embodiment 1:

[0062] Referring to the attached Figure 1 drawings, this embodiment provides a method for predicting the power generation of a reservoir based on the synergy of water and light, and the method includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: Calculate the annual average emission of greenhouse gases from the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area;

[0064] S2: Calculate the proportion of the area of photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir based on the annual average emission of greenhouse gases from the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches the net-zero emission state;

[0065] S3: Calculate the annual power generation of the water-light synergy of the reservoir based on the proportion of the area of photovoltaic panels to the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area.

[0066] For step S1, the organic carbon contained in the soil and organisms flooded during the water storage period of the reservoir constitutes a potential large source of organic matter, which can be mineralized and released as greenhouse gases. The factors affecting the mineralization rate include the water retention time in the reservoir area, ultraviolet irradiation, temperature increase, etc. Reservoirs for hydropower generation can emit a large amount of and , as well as discharged by nitrification and denitrification, weakening the climate benefits of hydropower as a clean energy source. The above greenhouse gas emission pathways mainly include three types: bubble emission, diffusion emission, and degassing emission.

[0067] In this embodiment, the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area refer to the factors affecting the total annual emission of greenhouse gases and the power generation capacity of the reservoir to be predicted, mainly including effective temperature, Data such as effective temperature, reservoir area, percentage of river area before impoundment, area ratio of drawdown zone, catchment area, reservoir soil carbon content, total phosphorus, cumulative global lateral radiation of the reservoir, annual runoff, total nitrogen load of the basin, internal fixed load of total nitrogen in the reservoir, water retention time, annual average discharge of the reservoir, annual hydropower generation of the reservoir, installed capacity of the water turbine, operating efficiency of the water turbine, and working hours of the water turbine in one year. The above data can be obtained through technical means such as reservoir construction data, field observation, remote sensing technology, or reservoir greenhouse gas model simulation.

[0068] In this embodiment, the greenhouse gas emissions in the reservoir area are mainly divided into three parts. , and calculate the annual total diffusion emissions, annual total emissions, and annual total emissions of the reservoir respectively based on relevant comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area. The specific implementation can be achieved by the following specific methods.

[0069] Specifically, in this embodiment The formula for calculating the annual total diffusion emissions is:

[0070] (1)

[0072] In formula (1), is the effective temperature, is the reservoir area, is the reservoir soil carbon content. is the total phosphorus, is the percentage of river area before impoundment. The numerical parameters therein, such as 1.7892, are obtained based on theoretical calculations or experiments. The acquisition methods of similar numerical parameters in the subsequent formulas are the same as those of this formula.

[0073] In this embodiment, emissions can be divided into diffusion emissions ( ), bubbling emissions ( ), and degassing emissions ( ) through three ways. The annual total emissions are the sum of the annual diffusion emissions, the annual bubbling emissions, and the annual degassing emissions.

[0074] Among them, the formula for calculating the annual diffusion emissions is:

[0075] (2)

[0077] In formula (2), is the area ratio of the water-level-fluctuation zone, is the effective temperature;

[0078] The calculation formula for the annual emission of bubbling is:

[0079] (3)

[0081] In formula (3), is the area ratio of the water-level-fluctuation zone, is the cumulative global horizontal radiation of the reservoir;

[0082] The calculation formula for the annual emission of degassing is:

[0083] (4)

[0085] In formula (4), is the water retention time, is the catchment area, is the annual runoff, is the area of the reservoir area.

[0086] Generally, the emission pathways are divided into emissions from denitrification ( ) and nitrification ( ). In this embodiment, the total annual emission is the sum of the total annual emission of denitrification and the total annual emission of nitrification;

[0087] Among them, the calculation formula for the total annual emission of denitrification is:

[0088] (5)

[0090] The calculation formula for the total annual emission of nitrification is:

[0091] (6)

[0093] The calculation formula for the total annual emission is:

[0094] (7)

[0096] In formulas (5), (6), and (7), is the total nitrogen load of the basin, is the internal fixed load of total nitrogen in the reservoir, is the error function, is the water retention time, is generated by denitrification annual total emissions, is generated by nitrification annual total emissions, is annual total emissions.

[0097] The annual total emissions of greenhouse gases from the reservoir The calculation method is as follows. The annual average emissions of greenhouse gases from the reservoir are the annual total emissions of greenhouse gases from the reservoir for the multi-year average:

[0098] (8)

[0100] To achieve net-zero emissions from the hydropower reservoir, it is mainly to balance the total greenhouse gas emissions from the hydropower reservoir and the equivalent carbon emission reduction amount of FPV. The smaller the coverage ratio of FPV, the smaller the impact on the reservoir ecosystem. Based on this, the installation ratio of FPV with the least impact on the reservoir ecosystem can be determined when the net-zero emission state is reached. Specifically, in step S2 of this embodiment, based on the annual average emissions of greenhouse gases from the reservoir, calculate the ratio of the area of photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir, including the following steps:

[0101] S21: Use the PV_LIB photovoltaic system modeling and simulation tool to simulate the theoretical output and estimate the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel.

[0102] In practical applications, the FPV power generation technology generates electricity by installing solar photovoltaic panels on water bodies. The solar photovoltaic panels are installed on floating platforms made of materials such as high-density polyethylene to adapt to water level changes and maintain stability. The inverter converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panels into alternating current and transmits it to the power grid through cables. For the power generation of a single photovoltaic panel, the PV_LIB photovoltaic (PV) system modeling and simulation tool is used to simulate the theoretical output and estimate the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel. The PV_LIB photovoltaic (PV) system modeling and simulation tool mainly simulates the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules, batteries, arrays, and the entire photovoltaic system. In order to maintain the consistency of simulation in all geographical regions analyzed as much as possible, in this embodiment, the CS5P-220M model monocrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules produced by Canadian Solar Inc. and the PVP2500 (240V) model grid-connected photovoltaic inverter produced by PV Powered Inc. are used. The specific parameters are that the photovoltaic panels face south and the tilt angle is adjusted according to the latitude of the location, with a maximum of no more than 20 degrees, aiming to maximize the solar energy collection efficiency while reducing damage caused by wind and waves. In order to reduce the mutual shading between adjacent photovoltaic panels, the row spacing between photovoltaic panels is set to be 20% more than the height of the photovoltaic panels, which is calculated based on the relative height of the floating structure. Through these precise configurations and parameter adjustments, the power output (AD) of a single photovoltaic panel can be estimated.

[0103] Since the current power conversion and transmission system is extremely efficient, in this embodiment, it is set that the electricity generated by FPV can be completely transmitted to the power grid. The electricity generated by FPV power generation can effectively replace the electricity from other carbon-intensive sources, thus helping to reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, for the above reasons, the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel can be estimated through the following step S22:

[0104] S22: Estimate the annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel. The calculation formula is:

[0105] (9)

[0107] In formula (9), is the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel, is the grid emission factor, is the impact factor of the existing clean energy in the grid, reflecting the emissions related to the grid power structure, considers the part of the existing clean energy (such as wind energy and solar energy) in the grid to ensure that the estimated emission reduction does not wrongly include the substitution amount of existing renewable energy and prevent overestimating the carbon emission reduction benefits brought by FPV power generation.

[0108] In order to reduce the impact of FPV installation on the reservoir ecosystem, while considering economic benefits and environmental protection benefits and ensuring a net carbon footprint of zero, the following step S23 is adopted in this embodiment:

[0109] S23: Calculate the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir in the total area of the reservoir based on the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the annual equivalent carbon dioxide reduction amount of a single photovoltaic panel. The calculation formula is:

[0110] (10)

[0112] In formula (10), is the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, is the annual equivalent carbon dioxide reduction amount of a single photovoltaic panel, is the area of a single photovoltaic panel, is the total area of the reservoir.

[0113] After obtaining the result of the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels in the total area of the reservoir, calculate the total electricity generated by the FPV deployment in the predicted reservoir and the total electricity generated by the hydropower station reservoir, and execute step S3:

[0114] S3: Calculate the annual combined hydropower and photovoltaic power generation of the reservoir based on the proportion of the area of the photovoltaic panels in the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0115] S31: Calculate the total annual photovoltaic power generation of the reservoir. The calculation formula is:

[0116] (11)

[0118] In formula (11), is the total annual photovoltaic power generation, is the floating photovoltaic installation ratio, is the total area of the reservoir, is the area of a single photovoltaic panel, is the total electricity generated by a single photovoltaic panel.

[0119] S32: Calculate the annual hydropower generation of the reservoir. The calculation formula is:

[0120] (12)

[0122] In formula (12), represents the annual power generation of the reservoir, with the unit of megawatt-hour (MWh). is the installed capacity of the water turbine, with the unit of megawatt (MW), is the operating efficiency of the water turbine, reflecting the energy conversion loss of the water turbine and generator unit. is the number of working hours in a year.

[0123] S33: Calculate the annual hydro-solar collaborative power generation of the reservoir. The calculation formula is:

[0124] (13)

[0126] In the formula, is the annual hydro-solar collaborative power generation of the reservoir.

[0127] After obtaining the predicted data such as the annual hydro-solar collaborative power generation of the reservoir, the potential of integrating the hydropower station reservoir with the floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) system to meet the power demand can be evaluated, optimizing the energy supply, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting the transition of hydropower-dependent countries to a sustainable energy future. Considering the impact of economic growth and population changes on power demand, assuming a strong correlation between power consumption and national economic growth, the global power demand trend is modeled as a function of per capita GDP using a two-term exponential function. The specific formula is as follows:

[0128] (14)

[0130] In formula (14), is the predicted per capita electricity consumption in a certain year, is the predicted per capita gross domestic product, is the empirical parameter obtained by fitting the model based on historical data.

[0131] Multiplying the predicted per capita electricity consumption in the predicted area in a certain year by the predicted total population in that area of that year gives the total power demand , and to calculate the energy efficiency improvement generated by the implementation of FPV, the energy efficiency improvement can be calculated by comparing the energy consumption before and after the implementation of FPV . The specific formula is as follows:

[0132] (15)

[0134] In formula (15), is the total annual hydro-solar collaborative power generation of the whole region, such as the annual hydro-solar collaborative power generation of the whole country or the whole province, is the total power demand increment of the whole region. By predicting the energy efficiency improvement generated by the implementation of FPV through the method of this embodiment, it can effectively provide a theoretical basis and data support for the future construction of reservoirs.

[0135] The method of this embodiment evaluates the greenhouse gas emissions of a hydropower station reservoir and quantifies the carbon sequestration benefits of a floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) system by comprehensively applying analysis tools such as remote sensing technology, reservoir greenhouse gas models, and geocomputation, so as to achieve the collaborative operation of the hydropower station reservoir and FPV power generation, optimize the energy structure, improve energy efficiency, and reduce the environmental impact at the same time. By accurately calculating the FPV coverage area and adjusting the FPV coverage ratio, while achieving net-zero emissions of the reservoir greenhouse gas emissions, the seasonal stability of power supply is also enhanced, making it have significant practical value and market potential in promoting energy diversification, optimizing renewable energy power generation, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

[0136] Embodiment 2:

[0137] Reference appendix Figure 2 Based on the method for predicting reservoir power generation based on the synergy of water and light described in Embodiment 1, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for predicting reservoir power generation based on the synergy of water and light, and the system includes:

[0138] A greenhouse gas emissions calculation module for calculating the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area;

[0139] A photovoltaic panel area ratio calculation module for calculating the ratio of the area of the photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of the reservoir based on the annual average greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net-zero emission state;

[0140] A power generation prediction module for calculating the annual power generation of the synergy of water and light of the reservoir based on the ratio of the area of the photovoltaic panels to the total area of the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area.

[0141] The specific implementation method of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated here. For details, refer to the description of Embodiment 1.

[0142] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0143] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A reservoir power generation prediction method based on water-light synergy, characterized in that: The method comprises: Calculate the average annual greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area; Calculate the proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net zero emission state; Calculate the annual water-solar synergistic power generation of the reservoir based on the ratio of the photovoltaic panel area to the total area of ​​the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area; The proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir calculated based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir includes: Use PV_LIB photovoltaic system modeling and simulation tool to simulate theoretical output and estimate the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel; estimating an equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel; Calculate the proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of the single photovoltaic panel; The calculation formula for estimating the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel is: Among them, AD is the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel, EF is the grid emission factor, R p is the influencing factor of the existing clean energy in the power grid.

2. The method for predicting reservoir power generation based on water-light synergy according to claim 1 is characterized by: The calculation of the annual average greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area includes: Based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area, the annual total diffuse emissions of CO2, the annual total emissions of CH4 and the annual total emissions of N2O of the reservoir are calculated respectively; Calculate the total annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir based on the total annual diffuse CO2 emissions, total annual CH4 emissions and total annual N2O emissions of the reservoir; The average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir are obtained based on the total annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir.

3. A reservoir power generation prediction method based on water-light synergy according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation formula for the total annual diffusion emissions of CO2 is: Among them, ET_CO2 is the CO2 effective temperature, Res_Area is the reservoir area, Res_Soil_C is the soil carbon content of the reservoir, TP is the total phosphorus, and %R_Area_Bf is the percentage of river area before impoundment.

4. The method for predicting reservoir power generation based on water-light synergy according to claim 2 is characterized by: The total annual CH4 emissions are the sum of the annual CH4 diffusion emissions, the annual CH4 bubbling emissions and the annual CH4 degassing emissions; The calculation formula for CH4 diffusion annual emissions is: Among them, %Litt_Area is the area ratio of the drawdown zone, and ET_CH4 is the effective temperature of CH4; The calculation formula for the annual CH4 bubbling emission is: Among them, Res_Cum_GHR is the cumulative global lateral radiation of the reservoir; The calculation formula for annual CH4 degassing emissions is: Among them, WRT is the water retention time, Catch_Area is the catchment area, and Ann_Rff is the annual runoff.

5. The method for predicting reservoir power generation based on water-light synergy according to claim 2 is characterized by: The total annual N2O emissions are the sum of the total annual emissions from denitrification and the total annual emissions from nitrification. The calculation formula for the total annual emission of denitrification is: N2O den =0.009*(n_catch_ld+n_fix_ld)*[0.3833*erf(0.4723*WRT)]; The total annual emission from nitrification is calculated as: N2O nitr =0.009*(n_catch_ld+n_fix_ld)*[0.5144*erf(0.3692*WRT)]; Among them, n_catch_ld is the total nitrogen load in the basin, n_fix_ld is the internal fixed load of total nitrogen in the reservoir, and erf is the error function.

6. The method for predicting reservoir power generation based on water-light synergy according to claim 1 is characterized by: The calculation formula for calculating the proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of the single photovoltaic panel is: Among them, Res_Ann_E is the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, and Pnl_Area is the area of ​​a single photovoltaic panel.

7. The method for predicting reservoir power generation based on water-light synergy according to claim 6 is characterized by: The calculating of the annual hydro-photovoltaic synergistic power generation of the reservoir based on the ratio of the photovoltaic panel area to the total area of ​​the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area includes: The total annual photovoltaic power generation of the reservoir is calculated using the following formula: Calculate the annual hydropower generation of the reservoir using the following formula: Energy = Cft; Among them, Energy represents the annual hydropower generation of the reservoir, C is the installed capacity of the turbine, f is the operating efficiency of the turbine, and t is the number of working hours in a year; The annual hydro-photovoltaic synergistic power generation of the reservoir is calculated using the following formula: EE=FPV_Power+Energy.

8. A reservoir power generation prediction system based on water-light synergy, characterized in that: The system comprises: Greenhouse gas emission calculation module, used to calculate the average annual greenhouse gas emission of the reservoir based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area; A photovoltaic panel area ratio calculation module is used to calculate the ratio of the photovoltaic panel area installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir, so that the reservoir reaches a net zero emission state; A power generation prediction module, used to calculate the annual water-photovoltaic synergistic power generation of the reservoir based on the ratio of the photovoltaic panel area to the total area of ​​the reservoir and the comprehensive characteristic parameters of the reservoir area; The proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir calculated based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir includes: Use PV_LIB photovoltaic system modeling and simulation tool to simulate theoretical output and estimate the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel; estimating an equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel; Calculate the proportion of the area of ​​photovoltaic panels installed on the reservoir to the total area of ​​the reservoir based on the average annual greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir and the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of the single photovoltaic panel; The calculation formula for estimating the equivalent annual carbon dioxide emission reduction of a single photovoltaic panel based on the annual power generation of the single photovoltaic panel is: Among them, AD is the annual power generation of a single photovoltaic panel, EF is the grid emission factor, R p is the influencing factor of the existing clean energy in the power grid.

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