Railway train coming early warning system and method based on Lora communication technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of railway traffic safety, and discloses a railway train coming early warning system and method based on a Lora communication technology. Comprising a LoRa data transmission radio transmitter mounted at the head of a train, a LoRa data transmission radio receiver mounted along a railway, an audible and visual alarm and a power supply system, wherein the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter transmits switching value signals according to a set period; the LoRa data radio receiver receives the switching value signal transmitted by the transmitter and judges whether the train enters an early warning area or not according to the strength of the received signal; the audible and visual alarm is controlled by the receiver to be started and sends out sound and light alarm signals. The power supply system is a solar power supply system. By adopting the railway coming train early warning system based on the LoRa communication technology and combining the flexible parameter adjustment of the transmitter and the receiver, the accurate control of the early warning range is realized. Reliable communication can be realized in a range of 800 meters by adjusting key parameters such as transmitting power and a signal threshold value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway traffic safety, and in particular to a railway vehicle approaching warning system and method based on Lora communication technology. Background Art

[0002] Most existing railway approaching vehicle warning systems use equipment such as radar, infrared sensors or cameras. These technologies rely on direct detection or imaging of the train's position. However, such equipment is usually expensive and has poor adaptability to complex terrain. In mountainous areas or open areas, signal attenuation and obstruction are more prominent. In addition, radars and sensors often require high power consumption support. Once the power supply is interrupted, the equipment is prone to failure, resulting in the inability of the warning system to operate reliably. This characteristic of high dependence on electricity and the environment limits its application along non-electrified railways.

[0003] Traditional sound alarm systems usually use loudspeakers or voice prompts alone, which has limited effect in noisy railway environments. Especially during the day when there is heavy traffic or other background noise interference, a single sound alarm is difficult to attract enough attention from pedestrians and vehicles. Moreover, in the prior art, the volume and prompt content of most alarm devices are fixed and lack flexible adjustment functions. At night, this high-volume warning method will also cause trouble to surrounding residents, further limiting its scope of application. The current system is insufficient in terms of multi-scenario adaptability. Many railway safety systems are powered by fixed power supplies and rely on power grids or other external power facilities. However, in remote areas, there is often a lack of power infrastructure along the railway, which makes power supply for equipment a major problem. Some existing solutions try to use independent power supplies, but there is a general problem of insufficient endurance. Once the battery is exhausted or the photovoltaic panel is inefficient, the system will stop running, resulting in an interruption of the early warning. The unstable power supply directly limits the ability of existing equipment to operate under all-weather conditions.

[0004] Most current communication systems rely on fixed-frequency wireless communications or short-range sensing technologies. This design is susceptible to interference in complex railway environments, especially when there are other wireless devices along the line, and communication stability is difficult to guarantee. In addition, the warning range of these systems is usually fixed, and it is difficult to flexibly adjust once the demand changes. For example, for trains running at different speeds, the warning distance may need to change dynamically, but existing technologies cannot meet this demand. The rigid design of communication parameters limits the flexibility and reliability of existing systems in practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a railway vehicle approaching warning system and method based on Lora communication technology, which solves the problem that the warning range of traditional systems is usually fixed and difficult to flexibly adjust once the demand changes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a railway vehicle warning system based on LoRa communication technology, including a LoRa data transmission radio transmitter installed on the head of the train, a LoRa data transmission radio receiver installed along the railway, an audible and visual alarm and a power supply system: The LoRa data transmission radio transmitter transmits a switching signal according to a set period; The LoRa data transmission radio receiver receives the switch signal emitted by the transmitter, and determines whether the train enters the warning area according to the strength of the received signal; the sound and light alarm is controlled and started by the receiver to emit sound and light alarm signals; The power supply system is a solar power supply system, including photovoltaic panels and batteries, which provide power support for the receiver and the alarm.

[0007] Preferably, the transmission power of the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is adjustable, and the communication distance between the receiver and the transmitter is controlled within 800 meters by adjusting the transmission power and data rate.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission power is 4 dBm, the data rate is 62.5 kbps, and the receiver signal strength threshold is set to a value that satisfies the signal strength reaching the communication critical point when the train enters the warning area.

[0009] Preferably, the sound and light alarm includes a high-power loudspeaker and a red flashing light, the sound level of the loudspeaker is 120dB, and the coverage range of the red flashing light is 250 meters.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel power of the power supply system is 80W, the battery capacity is 60Ah, and the output voltage is DC12V, which can provide uninterrupted power support for the system at night and in no light conditions.

[0011] Preferably, the contents of the sound alarm signal and light alarm signal of the sound and light alarm can be remotely set and adjusted via a wireless Bluetooth connection to a mobile device, and the mobile device can adjust the alarm volume and content and support personalized settings for different time periods.

[0012] Preferably, the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is provided with a directional antenna, the direction of the antenna being consistent with the direction of the railway track to enhance signal coverage and stability.

[0013] Preferably, the early warning system can control the sound and light alarm to stop working and enter a standby state when the signal reception strength is lower than a set threshold.

[0014] Preferably, the system can adapt to an ambient temperature range of -40°C to 85°C and has an IP65 protection grade, and is suitable for outdoor environments along railways.

[0015] The present invention also provides a railway vehicle approaching warning method based on Lora communication technology, comprising the following steps: Step 1: When the train starts, the driver manually turns on the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter at the head of the train, and the transmitter transmits a switch signal in a set period to the front direction; Step 2: The LoRa data transmission radio receiver installed along the line receives the switch signal in real time and detects the signal strength; Step 3: When the signal strength reaches a preset threshold, the receiver determines that the train has entered the warning area and controls the sound and light alarm to start; Step 4: The sound and light alarm emits a high-volume voice prompt and a red flashing light warning to alert pedestrians or vehicles along the route; Step 5: As the train leaves the warning area, the signal strength received by the receiver gradually weakens. When the signal strength is lower than the set threshold, the sound and light alarm is controlled to stop working.

[0016] The present invention provides a railway vehicle approaching warning system and method based on Lora communication technology. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes precise control of the warning range by adopting a railway vehicle warning system based on LoRa communication technology, combined with flexible parameter adjustment of the transmitter and receiver. By adjusting key parameters such as transmission power and signal threshold, reliable communication can be achieved within a range of 800 meters. Compared with the high cost and fixed range of radar or sensor methods in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost and adjustable solution, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing system that it is difficult to cover specific areas.

[0017] 2. The present invention designs an audible and visual alarm, which effectively improves the perceptibility of the early warning through the combination of high-decibel voice prompts and high-brightness flash lights. The volume and content of the alarm can be adjusted during the time period to avoid disturbing residents along the route at night. Compared with the single sound alarm method in the prior art, which has a weak presence or is easily ignored, the present invention greatly enhances the reminder effect through the dual alarm mode, solving the problem of poor adaptability of night alarms in the existing system.

[0018] 3. The present invention adopts a solar power supply system, combined with high-efficiency photovoltaic panels and large-capacity batteries, to achieve continuous power supply around the clock, which is suitable for remote areas without electricity. Photovoltaic panels are flexible to install and have stable power output, which can support long-term operation of equipment under dark conditions. In the prior art, many railway early warning devices rely on external power supplies or power grids, which are difficult to construct and have high energy consumption. The present invention significantly reduces the deployment cost and solves the problem of limited power supply methods in the existing system.

[0019] 4. The LoRa receiver of the present invention has a real-time signal strength detection function, and improves the adaptability of the device in complex environments through anti-interference design. Its automatic frequency hopping function ensures the stability and reliability of communication. Compared with the fixed frequency receiving equipment in the prior art, which is easily affected by environmental noise or external interference, the present invention ensures the normal operation of the early warning system in complex terrain and extreme climate along the railway, and solves the problem of unstable signal reception in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is the main framework diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Please see attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a railway vehicle approaching warning system based on LoRa communication technology, including a LoRa data transmission radio transmitter installed on the head of a train, a LoRa data transmission radio receiver installed along the railway, an audible and visual alarm, and a power supply system. The LoRa data transmission radio transmitter transmits switch signals according to the set period; The LoRa data transmission radio receiver receives the switch signal emitted by the transmitter and determines whether the train has entered the warning area based on the strength of the received signal; the sound and light alarm is activated by the receiver to emit sound and light alarm signals; The power supply system is a solar power supply system, including photovoltaic panels and batteries, which provide power support for the receiver and alarm.

[0023] The transmission power of the LoRa data radio transmitter is adjustable, and the communication distance between the receiver and the transmitter is controlled within 800 meters by adjusting the transmission power and data rate.

[0024] The transmission power is 4dBm, the data rate is 62.5kbps, and the receiver signal strength threshold is set to a value that satisfies the signal strength reaching the communication critical point when the train enters the warning area.

[0025] The sound and light alarm includes a high-power loudspeaker and a red flashing light. The sound level of the loudspeaker is 120dB and the coverage range of the red flashing light is 250 meters.

[0026] The power supply system's photovoltaic panel has a power of 80W, a battery capacity of 60Ah, and an output voltage of DC12V, which can provide uninterrupted power support for the system at night and in no-light conditions.

[0027] The content of the sound alarm signal and light alarm signal of the sound and light alarm can be remotely set and adjusted through a wireless Bluetooth connection to a mobile device. The mobile device can adjust the alarm volume and content and support personalized settings for different time periods.

[0028] The LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is equipped with a directional antenna, the direction of which is consistent with the direction of the railway track to enhance signal coverage and stability.

[0029] The early warning system can control the sound and light alarm to stop working and enter standby mode when the signal reception strength is lower than the set threshold.

[0030] The system can adapt to an ambient temperature range of -40°C to 85°C and has an IP65 protection grade, making it suitable for outdoor environments along railways.

[0031] Please see attached Figure 2 The present invention also provides a railway vehicle approaching warning method based on Lora communication technology, comprising the following steps: Step 1: When the train starts, the driver manually turns on the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter at the head of the train, and the transmitter transmits a switch signal in a set period to the front direction; Step 2: The LoRa data transmission radio receivers installed along the line receive the switch signal in real time and detect the signal strength; Step 3: When the signal strength reaches a preset threshold, the receiver determines that the train has entered the warning area and controls the sound and light alarm to start; Step 4: The sound and light alarm emits a high-volume voice prompt and a red flashing light warning to alert pedestrians or vehicles along the route; Step 5: As the train leaves the warning area, the signal strength received by the receiver gradually weakens. When the signal strength is lower than the set threshold, the sound and light alarm is controlled to stop working.

[0032] In this embodiment, the structure and function of the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter are implemented as follows: Generally, the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is installed at an appropriate position in front of the train head. Specifically, the transmitter antenna adopts a directional design, and its radiation direction is consistent with the direction of the train's movement to improve signal coverage efficiency. In a possible implementation, the transmitter should be installed in a position that is not blocked by the external mechanical structure of the train to ensure a smooth signal propagation path.

[0033] As an option, the LoRa data radio transmitter is controlled by the train driver through a manual switch. When the train starts, the driver can manually turn on the transmitter; when the train reaches the terminal, the transmitter is turned off. This design improves the control flexibility of the equipment and avoids unnecessary working states of the equipment, thereby further optimizing energy consumption.

[0034] Specifically, the output signal parameters of the transmitter can be adjusted according to actual needs. It can be adjusted within the range of 2dBm to 22dBm to meet different communication distance requirements. The following relations are satisfied:

[0035] in, is the transmit power in dBm; and are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively, in dBi; is the signal wavelength in meters.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the wavelength The calculation formula is:

[0037] in, is the speed of light, about 3 10 8 m / s; is the transmission frequency in Hz.

[0038] The design of the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter in this embodiment focuses more on power consumption optimization and communication stability.

[0039] Generally, the transmitter is installed in front of the train head, with its directional antenna aligned with the direction of the railway track to ensure maximum signal coverage. The transmitter uses a dynamic power adjustment mechanism to optimize the transmission power according to the distribution and distance of the receivers. In areas where multiple receivers are densely distributed, the transmitter power is automatically reduced to avoid excessive coverage of communication signals and reduce unnecessary energy consumption.

[0040] As an extension solution, the transmitter has an adaptive frequency adjustment function. When the external environment is highly disturbed, the transmitter can automatically switch the operating frequency to ensure the reliability and stability of communication. In addition, the transmitter has a built-in temperature sensor module, which can automatically adjust the internal power or issue an alarm when the device temperature exceeds the rated range (for example, below -40°C or above 85°C).

[0041] In terms of signal modulation, the transmitter output uses an optimized LoRa frame structure, and the frame header adds redundant bit check to improve the anti-interference performance in complex railway environments. At the same time, in order to meet the operation requirements of high-speed trains, the transmitter's signal transmission cycle can be dynamically adjusted between 1 and 10 times per second to ensure the real-time performance of the system.

[0042] In the present invention, the operating frequency band of the LoRa radio is 410 MHz to 441 MHz. As a specific option, the operating frequency Set to 433MHz, the corresponding wavelength About 0.692 meters. By adjusting the transmission power and antenna gain , combined with a specific air data rate, the effective communication distance can be controlled within 800 meters to meet the needs of railway vehicle warning.

[0043] In some embodiments, in order to reduce power consumption, the transmitter adopts a dynamic power control mechanism. Specifically, when there are many receivers within the communication range of the train, the transmitter will automatically reduce the output power to avoid too many signal coverage areas. In addition, the working cycle of the transmitter is adjustable. For example, in low-speed operation (such as freight trains), the signal cycle of the transmitter is set to 1 time per second; in high-speed operation scenarios, the cycle can be shortened to 5 times per second to improve the real-time performance of the system.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the air data rate of the LoRa transmitter is The data rate and the maximum distance of signal propagation are 62.5kbps. Inversely proportional. Generally speaking, the higher the rate, the shorter the distance. By properly adjusting the data rate, communication performance can be optimized while ensuring system stability.

[0045] The transmitter has a wide operating temperature range and can adapt to extreme ambient temperatures from -40°C to 85°C. In addition, its operating current is 15mA in standby mode and 350mA in transmitting mode. In order to improve anti-interference capabilities, the transmitter uses a low-noise amplifier (LNA) and an automatic frequency hopping mechanism. These designs improve signal stability and anti-interference performance, especially in complex environments.

[0046] Generally, receivers are installed in high-risk areas along the railway, such as level crossings, near overpasses, or areas of the track where pedestrians frequently cross. The installation location must meet the requirements of being unobstructed and easy to maintain, and must be fixed by a pole, which is generally 3 to 5 meters high, to optimize signal reception.

[0047] As an option, the receiver is integrated with a red flashing light and a high-decibel sound and light alarm. The signal receiving direction of the receiver is consistent with the directional antenna of the transmitter, maximizing the signal receiving efficiency. While receiving the signal, the receiver will analyze the signal strength in real time and compare the strength value with the preset threshold. Specifically, the receiver will determine whether the signal meets the alarm condition according to the following judgment formula:

[0048] in, is the power of the received signal, in dBm; The power of the signal transmitted by the transmitter, in dBm; and are the gains of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, respectively, in dBi; is the path loss of signal propagation, in dB.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the path loss It can be calculated by the following formula:

[0050] in, is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver in meters; is the frequency of the transmitted signal, in Hz; is the speed of light, about 3 10 8 m / s; Generally, the receiver operates at the same frequency as the transmitter, which is 433MHz. The received signal strength threshold is determined by experimental verification and is usually set to the critical signal strength. For example, when the received signal power When it is greater than -120dBm, the system determines that the train has entered the warning area.

[0051] In one possible implementation, the receiver also has an anti-interference design. Specifically, the receiver is equipped with a low noise amplifier (LNA) to reduce the impact of environmental noise on the signal. At the same time, the receiver supports automatic frequency hopping. When the communication channel is detected to be interfered, it can automatically switch to other available frequency bands, thereby improving the stability of communication.

[0052] As an option, the receiver adopts a modular design for easy installation and maintenance. In some embodiments, the core processing module of the receiver uses a high-performance MCU (microcontroller unit) to calculate and judge the signal strength. The processing speed of the MCU can reach 72MHz, which can meet the needs of real-time signal processing. In addition, the power consumption control of the receiver is an important design point. In standby mode, the operating current of the receiver is as low as 10mA, and in signal receiving mode, the operating current does not exceed 100mA.

[0053] Specifically, the output interface of the receiver supports the RS485 communication protocol, which is convenient for linkage control with the sound and light alarm. When the received signal strength meets the threshold condition, the receiver controls the sound and light alarm to start through the relay. At the same time, when the signal strength is lower than the threshold, the receiver will send a control signal to turn off the sound and light alarm.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the receiver has IP65 protection to adapt to the complex environment along the railway. The receiver can withstand dust and rain, and supports an operating temperature range of -40°C to 85°C, ensuring stable operation in hot, cold or humid environments.

[0055] The receiver also supports remote parameter configuration. For example, through Bluetooth or other wireless communication methods, technicians can remotely adjust parameters such as signal strength threshold and receiving frequency to facilitate system maintenance and optimization. In addition, the receiver also has a real-time signal strength display function. Through the built-in LED indicator or remote monitoring terminal, it can intuitively reflect the strength of the current received signal, which is convenient for on-site debugging.

[0056] Through the above technical design, the LoRa data radio receiver realizes efficient and accurate signal reception and judgment functions, and forms a close cooperative relationship with the transmitter and the sound and light alarm. Its modular and intelligent design not only improves the reliability of the system, but also provides sufficient support for technical reproduction. The above public content enables technical personnel in this field to fully grasp the design and implementation methods of the receiver and ensure the full realization of the system functions.

[0057] The LoRa data transmission radio receiver in this embodiment further optimizes the signal processing algorithm and anti-interference capability.

[0058] Generally, receivers are installed in high-risk areas along the railway, such as level crossings, bridges or tunnel entrances. The antenna gain of the receiver is increased to 5dBi to enhance the reception of weak signals. In terms of signal strength judgment, the receiver uses an improved path loss calculation model and adjusts the threshold in real time in combination with environmental parameters (such as humidity and air pressure) to improve the accuracy of signal judgment.

[0059] As a possible implementation method, the receiver integrates a real-time signal strength display module and is equipped with a multi-color LED indicator to indicate the strength of the currently received signal. For example, when the signal strength approaches the threshold, the indicator gradually changes from green to yellow, further enhancing the debuggability of the device. In addition, the receiver has a remote diagnosis function, and technicians can remotely monitor the status and optimize parameters of the device through a wireless connection.

[0060] In order to improve the anti-interference performance, the receiver adopts multi-band hopping technology. When the current working frequency band is detected to be interfered, the receiver can quickly switch to the backup frequency band while maintaining the stability of signal reception. In the complex environment along the railway, this design effectively reduces the impact of signal interference on the normal operation of the system.

[0061] In this embodiment, the design and implementation of the sound and light alarm are as follows: Generally, the sound and light alarm consists of a high-decibel loudspeaker and a high-brightness red flashing light. Specifically, the loudspeaker and the flashing light are arranged toward the railway track to maximize the coverage of the alarm area. In some embodiments, the installation position of the alarm is not less than 3 meters away from the center line of the railway track to reduce the impact of train vibration on the alarm, while ensuring the safety of equipment and pedestrians.

[0062] As an option, the sound output of the sound and light alarm adopts a combination of voice prompts and sirens. Specifically, the voice prompt content includes "Train approaching, please pay attention to safety" or similar warnings, and the sound level of the sound playback can reach 120dB to ensure that pedestrians and vehicles can hear it clearly in a noisy environment. In a possible implementation, the voice prompt content and volume can be adjusted through a wireless Bluetooth connection. The mobile terminal APP supports the preset alarm volume for different time periods, such as a higher volume during the day and a proper reduction in the volume at night to reduce interference to residents along the line.

[0063] The flashlight part uses a high-brightness LED light source, and its flashing frequency is generally set to 2 times per second. The specific frequency can be adjusted according to application requirements. The light intensity coverage range of the flashlight is not less than 250 meters, and the red light signal has strong penetration at night. In some embodiments, the shell of the alarm adopts a waterproof design with a protection level of IP65, which can effectively prevent rain, dust, etc. from damaging the equipment.

[0064] Specifically, the triggering of the sound and light alarm is controlled by the relay of the LoRa receiver. When the receiver detects that the signal strength exceeds the threshold, the relay closes and the alarm starts working. Conversely, when the signal strength is lower than the threshold, the relay opens and the alarm stops working. This control method is simple and reliable, and is easy to link with the receiver.

[0065] In this embodiment, the design and implementation of the power supply system are as follows: Generally speaking, the power supply system consists of photovoltaic panels and batteries. Photovoltaic panels are mainly used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, providing a green and environmentally friendly energy source for the system. Batteries are responsible for storing electrical energy to ensure that the system can continue to operate stably in conditions of insufficient light such as at night or on rainy days.

[0066] Specifically, the photovoltaic panels are made of high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon materials, with a power of 80W and a conversion efficiency of more than 18%. The installation angle of the photovoltaic panels is generally set to be equal to the local latitude to maximize the utilization of light. In some embodiments, the outside of the photovoltaic panels is covered with a tempered glass layer to prevent damage from natural factors such as sand, dust, and hail.

[0067] As an option, the battery has a 12V DC output and a capacity of 60Ah, which can provide continuous power supply for the system for no less than 48 hours when fully charged. It can be calculated by the following formula:

[0068] in, is the battery capacity, in Ah; is the battery output voltage, in V; is the system power consumption in W.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the average power consumption of the system is 10W, and the photovoltaic panel has 6 hours of sunshine on a sunny day. The amount of electricity that can be generated per day is:

[0070] in, is the photovoltaic panel power, in W; It is the sunshine time in hours.

[0071] Substituting the parameters, it can be obtained that the power generated by the photovoltaic panel every day is 480Wh, which can meet the system's daily operating needs, and there is excess power stored in the battery. In some embodiments, the power supply system is also equipped with a charge and discharge control module to avoid overcharging or over-discharging of the battery, thereby extending the service life of the device.

[0072] In order to improve the adaptability of the power supply system, the battery adopts a wide temperature design and can work normally in an ambient temperature range of -20℃ to 60℃. In a possible implementation, the power supply system is also equipped with a backup power supply interface. When there is no light for a long time, the system can be powered by an external power supply for emergency.

[0073] The power supply system and the sound and light alarm are integrated and installed on the same pole, which is compact and convenient for on-site construction and maintenance. In some embodiments, the overall height of the pole is 5 meters, and the center of gravity of the installation is tilted toward the outside of the track to avoid affecting the operation of the train in the event of an accidental dumping.

[0074] Through the above design, the power supply system can provide stable power support for the alarm and receiver, while achieving green energy saving. The sound and light alarm significantly improves the warning effect through the combination of sound and light signals. The collaboration of the two enables the system to have all-weather operation capabilities and is suitable for various complex railway environments. Based on the above content, technicians in this field can easily reproduce and deploy this system.

[0075] The sound and light alarm in this embodiment not only has the basic sound and light alarm function, but also has the added capability of multi-scenario adaptation.

[0076] Specifically, the alarm uses a graded alarm mode. When the system detects that the train enters the remote warning area, the alarm only enables low-volume prompts and slow flashing mode to reduce interference to residents along the line; when the train approaches a high-risk area, the alarm switches to high-volume and fast-flashing mode to ensure that pedestrians and vehicles can quickly perceive the warning signal.

[0077] In some embodiments, the voice prompt content of the alarm can be customized according to different regions or language requirements. The mobile terminal APP supports the input of multi-language voice prompts, which facilitates the rapid adaptation of the system when it is used across regions. In the light signal part, the alarm uses dynamic brightness adjustment technology to adjust the flash brightness in real time according to the external light intensity. For example, the signal brightness is enhanced at night to improve visibility, and it is appropriately reduced during the day when the light is strong to save energy.

[0078] The alarm housing is made of high-strength aluminum alloy material with IP67 protection level, and can work normally under long-term exposure to rain, dust and strong light. In addition, to improve the durability of the equipment, the key electronic components of the alarm are treated with anti-salt spray corrosion, which is particularly suitable for coastal railway environments.

[0079] The power supply system design in this embodiment focuses more on efficient use of energy and stable operation.

[0080] In general, the power supply system uses a combination of photovoltaic panels and batteries. The power of the photovoltaic panel is 100W, and the conversion efficiency is increased to 20%, which can provide a relatively stable output even in low-light environments. In some areas, such as mountainous areas with year-round rain, additional wind power generation modules can be configured as a backup power supply solution.

[0081] As an option, the battery capacity is expanded to 80Ah to enhance the endurance of the equipment. The battery is equipped with an intelligent charge and discharge management module that can monitor the battery's charge status in real time. When the battery power is less than 20%, the system will issue a prompt signal and automatically reduce the power consumption of non-core modules to prioritize the operation of key functions.

[0082] In terms of power consumption management, the power supply system in this embodiment has added an energy consumption monitoring function. Through the built-in power consumption analysis module, technicians can understand the power consumption of the system in real time and extend the system operation time by adjusting the device working mode. For example, when the system is in low flow, it can automatically switch to energy-saving mode to reduce the standby power consumption of the alarm and receiver.

[0083] In order to ensure stable operation of the device in a complex environment, this embodiment further optimizes the environmental adaptability of the system.

[0084] The receiver and alarm have automatic temperature regulation function. Under low temperature conditions, the equipment can start the internal heating module to prevent the internal components from freezing; under high temperature conditions, the equipment starts the passive heat sink to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. In addition, all equipment has been vibration tested and can withstand strong mechanical vibrations when the train passes by without damage.

[0085] To improve safety, this embodiment is designed with a self-detection function for equipment tipping over. When the pole installed on the equipment accidentally tips over, the system can automatically detect and send out an alarm signal to avoid potential impact on train operation. At the same time, the installation center of gravity of the pole is biased toward the outside of the track, so even if it tips over, it will not pose a direct threat to the train track.

[0086] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A railway vehicle warning system based on LoRa communication technology, comprising a LoRa data transmission radio transmitter installed at the head of a train, a LoRa data transmission radio receiver installed along the railway, an audible and visual alarm, and a power supply system, characterized in that: The LoRa data transmission radio transmitter transmits a switching signal according to a set period; The LoRa data transmission radio receiver receives the switch signal transmitted by the transmitter, and determines whether the train enters the warning area according to the strength of the received signal; The sound and light alarm is activated by the receiver to emit sound and light alarm signals; The power supply system is a solar power supply system, including photovoltaic panels and batteries, which provide power support for the receiver and the alarm.

2. According to claim 1, a railway vehicle warning system based on Lora communication technology is characterized in that: The transmission power of the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is adjustable, and the communication distance between the receiver and the transmitter is controlled within 800 meters by adjusting the transmission power and data rate.

3. According to claim 1, a railway vehicle warning system based on Lora communication technology is characterized in that: The transmission power is 4dBm, the data rate is 62.5kbps, and the receiver signal strength threshold is set to a value that satisfies the signal strength reaching the communication critical point when the train enters the warning area.

4. According to claim 1, a railway vehicle warning system based on Lora communication technology is characterized in that: The sound and light alarm includes a high-power loudspeaker and a red flashing light. The sound level of the loudspeaker is 120dB, and the coverage range of the red flashing light is 250 meters.

5. According to claim 1, a railway vehicle warning system based on Lora communication technology is characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel power of the power supply system is 80W, the battery capacity is 60Ah, and the output voltage is DC12V, which can provide uninterrupted power support for the system at night and in no light conditions.

6. The railway vehicle approaching warning system based on Lora communication technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contents of the sound alarm signal and light alarm signal of the sound and light alarm can be remotely set and adjusted via a wireless Bluetooth connection to a mobile device. The mobile device can adjust the alarm volume and content and supports personalized settings for different time periods.

7. The railway vehicle approaching warning system based on Lora communication technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The LoRa data transmission radio transmitter is provided with a directional antenna, the direction of which is consistent with the direction of the railway track to enhance signal coverage and stability.

8. The railway vehicle approaching warning system based on Lora communication technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The early warning system can control the sound and light alarm to stop working and enter a standby state when the signal reception strength is lower than a set threshold.

9. The railway vehicle approaching warning system based on Lora communication technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The system can adapt to an ambient temperature range of -40°C to 85°C and has an IP65 protection grade, making it suitable for outdoor environments along railways.

10. A railway vehicle approaching warning method based on Lora communication technology, according to a railway vehicle approaching warning system based on Lora communication technology as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: When the train starts, the driver manually turns on the LoRa data transmission radio transmitter at the head of the train, and the transmitter transmits a switch signal in a set period to the front direction; Step 2: The LoRa data transmission radio receiver installed along the line receives the switch signal in real time and detects the signal strength; Step 3: When the signal strength reaches a preset threshold, the receiver determines that the train has entered the warning area and controls the sound and light alarm to start; Step 4: The sound and light alarm emits a high-volume voice prompt and a red flashing light warning to alert pedestrians or vehicles along the route; Step 5: As the train leaves the warning area, the signal strength received by the receiver gradually weakens. When the signal strength is lower than the set threshold, the sound and light alarm is controlled to stop working.

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