Capacity compensation mechanism design method and system suitable for electricity market

Abstract

The invention provides a capacity compensation mechanism design method and system suitable for an electricity market, and the method comprises the following steps: recognizing the type of a unit according to the characteristics of the electricity market of each province, carrying out the evaluation according to the actual power generation capability of the type of the unit, and considering the operation efficiency and the maintenance condition, and calculating the effective capacity; based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, calculating annual cost of the unit, analyzing power generation cost of the unit, distinguishing fixed cost from variable cost, evaluating profit conditions of the unit in the power market according to the electricity price and the electricity sale quantity, and calculating market income; and calculating the insufficient cost recovery part of the unit according to the effective capacity and the market income of the unit, namely calculating the cost gap, and formulating a capacity compensation standard according to the calculation result. The method can improve the accuracy, dynamics and scientificity of a compensation mechanism, guarantees the reliability and economy of a power system, and promotes the sustainable development of the power industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power market, and in particular to a capacity compensation mechanism design method and system applicable to the power market. Background Art

[0002] The power market is gradually shifting towards a more flexible and competitive market mechanism. In this process, the capacity compensation mechanism of the power market has received extensive attention as an important tool to ensure the stability of power supply and stimulate power generation investment.

[0003] The traditional power system relies on direct subsidies and price controls to maintain sufficient power generation capacity. However, with the advancement of power marketization, this model is no longer suitable for the new market environment. Market participants need a more transparent, fair and effective mechanism to incentivize power generation investment and ensure the reliability and economy of the power system.

[0004] In the electricity market, the design of capacity compensation mechanisms for power generation equipment faces multiple challenges. First, power generation equipment of different types and sizes has different cost structures and operating characteristics, which requires the compensation mechanism to accurately identify and classify compensation objects. Second, with the price fluctuations and demand changes in the electricity market, the revenue and cost of power generation equipment are also constantly changing, which requires the compensation mechanism to be able to dynamically perform cost accounting and benefit analysis. Finally, in order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation mechanism, it is necessary to scientifically quantify the compensation needs and formulate reasonable compensation standards.

[0005] Existing capacity compensation mechanisms often lack flexibility and adaptability, and are difficult to cope with the rapidly changing needs of the power market. In addition, due to the lack of unified standards and quantitative methods, the implementation of the compensation mechanism is often inefficient and difficult to achieve the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, designing a capacity compensation mechanism suitable for the power market that can accurately identify the compensation object, dynamically calculate costs and benefits, scientifically quantify the compensation demand, and formulate reasonable compensation standards is of great significance to promoting the healthy development of the power market. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention discloses a method and system for designing a capacity compensation mechanism suitable for the power market.

[0007] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market, comprising the following steps:

[0008] According to the characteristics of the power market in each province, the unit type is identified, the actual power generation capacity of the unit type is evaluated, and the effective capacity is calculated considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status;

[0009] Based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, calculate the annual cost of the unit, analyze the power generation cost of the unit, distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluate the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculate the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales;

[0010] The insufficient cost recovery of the unit is calculated based on the effective capacity and market revenue of the unit, that is, the cost gap is calculated, and the capacity compensation standard is formulated based on the calculation results.

[0011] Preferably, the identification of unit types specifically includes: screening units that meet the compensation conditions based on historical cost recovery data, classifying and formulating subsidy standards based on differences in cost-effectiveness of unit scale and type, classifying according to capacity into 1000MW, 600MW, and 300MW levels, and distinguishing between coal-fired and gas-fired units in terms of type.

[0012] Further preferably, the calculating effective capacity specifically includes:

[0013] The contribution of the computer group to the system capacity introduces an equivalent availability factor as an indicator to measure the reliability of power generation equipment. The equivalent availability factor is calculated by comparing the equivalent available hours of the power generation equipment with the statistical cycle hours, specifically:

[0014]

[0015] S t =0, shutdown state

[0016] S t =S p,a / S p,m , non-compliant status

[0017] S t =1, normal state

[0018] In the formula, AF is the equivalent availability factor; T is the approved period in hours; S t is the current state of the unit; S p,a is the actual output of the unit; S p,m is the rated power of the unit.

[0019] Further preferably, the annual cost of the computer unit specifically includes: using the net present value method to annualize the total investment cost of the unit according to the discount rate and the expected service life to obtain the annual cost amortization amount, specifically:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, C y is the annualized cost of the unit; γ is the discount rate; L is the expected service life of the unit; C a is the total unit cost.

[0022] Further preferably, the annual cost of the computer group also includes power generation cost, and the power generation cost of the coal-fired power generation group is subdivided into fixed and variable costs. The fixed cost covers expenses unrelated to power generation, and the variable cost mainly reflects fuel costs. The specific cost analysis formula is:

[0023] C ge =C fi +αC co 1-E p

[0024] In the formula, C ge is the power generation cost of coal-fired units; α is the unit coal consumption of coal-fired units; C co The coal price at that time was used to accurately calculate the contribution of coal cost to power generation cost through unit coal consumption and coal unit price.

[0025] Further preferably, the calculating of market returns specifically includes:

[0026] The net market revenue is calculated by the average grid-connected electricity price and electricity sales of the unit after deducting taxes and fees.

[0027] The formula is: R N =(C av -C ge )Q EM -R t

[0028] In the formula, R N is the net income of the unit in the market; C av is the average on-grid electricity price of the unit; Q EM is the amount of electricity sold in the electricity energy market; R t For the taxes.

[0029] Further preferably, the cost gap calculation formula is expressed as:

[0030] C r,s =C y -R N

[0031] In the formula, C r,s The amount of subsidy required for capacity cost.

[0032] Further preferably, the capacity compensation standard specifically includes: determining the basic subsidy amount based on the average cost shortfall per unit effective capacity, and taking into account the actual regional conditions, such as the user's price tolerance and investment incentive needs, appropriately adjusting the subsidy coefficient to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation, and the formula is expressed as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, Ba is the basic unit effective capacity subsidy; i∈I is the set of all units; They refer to the unit capacity cost recovery gap and effective capacity of unit i respectively; κ is the subsidy coefficient; The actual amount of subsidy for the unit.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, a capacity compensation mechanism design system applicable to the power market is provided, comprising:

[0036] The compensation object determination and classification unit is used to identify the unit type according to the characteristics of the power market in each province, evaluate the actual power generation capacity of the unit type, and calculate the effective capacity considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status;

[0037] The cost accounting and revenue analysis unit calculates the annual cost of the unit based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, analyzes the power generation cost of the unit, distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluates the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculates the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales volume;

[0038] The compensation demand quantification and standard setting unit is used to calculate the shortfall in unit cost recovery based on the unit's effective capacity and market revenue, and to formulate capacity compensation standards based on the calculation results.

[0039] Preferably, the compensation object is determined and the calculation of the effective capacity in the classification unit requires accurate data of the planned maintenance time, unplanned downtime and height limit state time of the unit. If AF is 1, the calculation formula of the effective capacity is: Q e =AFQ r (1-E p )

[0040] In the formula, Q e is the effective capacity of the unit; Q r is the installed capacity; E p is the plant power consumption rate, and the effective capacity of the unit is determined by the equivalent availability factor.

[0041] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0042] 1) Improve the accuracy and adaptability of the compensation mechanism: This invention improves the accuracy of compensation funds and ensures the effective use of resources by accurately identifying and classifying compensation objects and dynamically calculating costs and benefits. At the same time, the mechanism can adapt to market changes, flexibly adjust compensation strategies, and enhance the adaptability of the power market to market fluctuations;

[0043] 2) Optimizing resource allocation and market efficiency: Scientifically quantifying compensation needs and formulating reasonable compensation standards will help optimize power resource allocation and promote the sustainable development of the power industry. Transparent and unified compensation standards will provide a fair competition environment for all market participants and improve the overall efficiency of the market.

[0044] 3) Enhance the stability and reliability of the power system: This plan ensures that power generation companies receive reasonable cost recovery and investment incentives, maintains the adequacy of power generation capacity, enhances the stability and reliability of the power system, and ensures the continuity and security of power supply;

[0045] 4) Encourage technological innovation and environmentally friendly development: The present invention ensures that power generation enterprises can obtain reasonable returns on their investments, encourages enterprises to carry out technological innovation and increase investment, and promotes technological progress in the power industry. At the same time, the optimized compensation mechanism encourages the development of efficient and clean energy, reduces negative impacts on the environment, promotes the widespread application of green energy, and enhances environmental friendliness.

[0046] To sum up, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a capacity compensation mechanism design method and system suitable for the power market, which can improve the accuracy, dynamics and scientificity of the compensation mechanism, so as to better adapt to the needs of power marketization, ensure the reliability and economy of the power system, and promote the sustainable development of the power industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for designing a capacity compensation mechanism applicable to the power market provided by the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0049] The present invention provides a capacity compensation mechanism design method suitable for the power market, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0050] According to the characteristics of the power market in each province, the unit type is identified, the actual power generation capacity of the unit type is evaluated, and the effective capacity is calculated considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status;

[0051] Among them, the unit type is identified based on the historical data of cost recovery, and the units that meet the compensation conditions are screened. According to the differences in cost-effectiveness of the unit size and type, the units are classified and subsidy standards are formulated. The classification is based on capacity and is divided into 1000MW, 600MW, and 300MW levels, and the types are distinguished between coal-fired and gas-fired units;

[0052] The direct capacity compensation mechanism aims to ensure the adequacy of the power generation capacity of the power system by paying fees to power generators to maintain their operations. When the available power generation capacity of a unit is reduced due to unplanned outages or height restrictions, its contribution to the system capacity decreases, and the corresponding subsidy fee should also decrease accordingly. The subsidy is directly related to the actual available capacity of the unit, that is, the effective capacity.

[0053] In order to evaluate the contribution of the computer group to the system capacity, the equivalent availability factor is introduced as an indicator to measure the reliability of power generation equipment. The equivalent availability factor is calculated by comparing the equivalent available hours of the power generation equipment with the statistical cycle hours. Specifically:

[0054]

[0055] S t =0, shutdown state

[0056] S t =S p,a / S p,m , non-compliant status

[0057] S t =1, normal state

[0058] In the formula, AF is the equivalent availability factor; T is the approved period in hours; S t is the current state of the unit; S p,a is the actual output of the unit; S p,m is the rated power of the unit;

[0059] Based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, calculate the annual cost of the unit, analyze the power generation cost of the unit, distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluate the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculate the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales;

[0060] The annual cost of the computer unit is calculated using the net present value method. The total investment cost of the unit is annualized according to the discount rate and the expected service life to obtain the annual cost amortization amount, which is:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, C y is the annualized cost of the unit; γ is the discount rate; L is the expected service life of the unit; C a is the total unit cost;

[0063] The annual cost of the computer unit also includes the power generation cost. The power generation cost of the coal-fired power generation unit is subdivided into fixed and variable costs. The fixed cost covers expenses that are not related to the power generation, and the variable cost mainly reflects the fuel cost. The specific cost analysis formula is:

[0064] Cge =C fi +αC co 1-E p

[0065] In the formula, C ge is the power generation cost of coal-fired units; α is the unit coal consumption of coal-fired units; C co The coal price at that time was used to accurately calculate the contribution of coal cost to power generation cost through unit coal consumption and coal unit price;

[0066] The profitability is evaluated by calculating the market-based net income through the average grid-connected electricity price and electricity sales of the unit after deducting taxes and fees. The formula is:

[0067] R N =(C av -C ge )Q EM -R t

[0068] In the formula, R N is the net income of the unit in the market; C av is the average on-grid electricity price of the unit; Q EM is the amount of electricity sold in the electricity energy market; R t For the taxes and fees;

[0069] Calculate the shortfall in unit cost recovery based on the effective capacity and market revenue of the unit, i.e., cost gap calculation, and formulate capacity compensation standards based on the calculation results;

[0070] The cost gap calculation formula is expressed as:

[0071] C r,s =C y -R N

[0072] In the formula, C r,s The amount of subsidy required for capacity cost;

[0073] The capacity compensation standard determines the basic subsidy amount based on the average cost shortfall per unit of effective capacity. At the same time, the actual situation in the region, such as the user's price tolerance and investment incentive needs, is taken into account, and the subsidy coefficient is appropriately adjusted to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation. The formula is expressed as follows:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, B a is the basic unit effective capacity subsidy; i∈I is the set of all units; They refer to the unit capacity cost recovery gap and effective capacity of unit i respectively; κ is the subsidy coefficient; The actual amount of subsidy for the unit.

[0076] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a new energy integrated base external power transmission optimization system, comprising:

[0077] The compensation object determination and classification unit is used to identify the unit type according to the characteristics of the power market in each province, evaluate the actual power generation capacity of the unit type, and calculate the effective capacity considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status;

[0078] The cost accounting and revenue analysis unit calculates the annual cost of the unit based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, analyzes the power generation cost of the unit, distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluates the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculates the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales volume;

[0079] The compensation demand quantification and standard setting unit is used to calculate the shortfall in unit cost recovery based on the unit's effective capacity and market revenue, and to formulate capacity compensation standards based on the calculation results.

[0080] The determination of compensation objects and the calculation of effective capacity in the classification unit require accurate data on the planned maintenance time, unplanned downtime and height-limited state time of the unit. Assuming AF is 1, the calculation formula for effective capacity is: Q e =AFQ r (1-E p )

[0081] In the formula, Q e is the effective capacity of the unit; Q r is the installed capacity; E p is the plant power consumption rate, and the effective capacity of the unit is determined by the equivalent availability factor.

[0082] It should be understood that, inspired by the technical concept of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various improvements and changes based on the above description without departing from the content of the present invention, which still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0083] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed by the present invention. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the claims.

[0084] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the precise construction shown in the above description and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A capacity compensation mechanism design method suitable for the power market, characterized in that: The steps include: According to the characteristics of the power market in each province, the unit type is identified, the actual power generation capacity of the unit type is evaluated, and the effective capacity is calculated considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status; Based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, calculate the annual cost of the unit, analyze the power generation cost of the unit, distinguish between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluate the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculate the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales; The insufficient cost recovery of the unit is calculated based on the effective capacity and market revenue of the unit, that is, the cost gap is calculated, and the capacity compensation standard is formulated based on the calculation results.

2. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification of unit types specifically includes: screening units that meet the compensation conditions based on historical cost recovery data, classifying and formulating subsidy standards based on differences in cost-effectiveness of unit size and type, classifying according to capacity into 1000MW, 600MW, and 300MW levels, and distinguishing between coal-fired and gas-fired units.

3. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of effective capacity specifically includes: The contribution of the computer group to the system capacity introduces an equivalent availability factor as an indicator to measure the reliability of power generation equipment. The equivalent availability factor is calculated by comparing the equivalent available hours of the power generation equipment with the statistical cycle hours, specifically: S t =0, shutdown state S t =S p,a / S p,m , non-compliant status S t =1, normal state In the formula, AF is the equivalent availability factor; T is the approved period in hours; S t is the current state of the unit; S p,a is the actual output of the unit; S p,m is the rated power of the unit.

4. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annual cost of the computer unit specifically includes: using the net present value method, annualizing the total investment cost of the unit according to the discount rate and the expected service life to obtain the annual cost amortization amount, specifically: In the formula, C y is the annualized cost of the unit; γ is the discount rate; L is the expected service life of the unit; C a is the total unit cost.

5. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annual cost of the computer group also includes the power generation cost. The power generation cost of the coal-fired power generation unit is subdivided into fixed and variable costs. The fixed cost covers the expenses that are not related to the power generation, and the variable cost mainly reflects the fuel cost. The specific cost analysis formula is: C ge =C fi +αC co 1-E p In the formula, C ge is the power generation cost of coal-fired units; α is the unit coal consumption of coal-fired units; C co The coal price at that time was used to accurately calculate the contribution of coal cost to power generation cost through unit coal consumption and coal unit price.

6. The method for designing a capacity compensation mechanism for a power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of market returns specifically includes: The net market revenue is calculated by the average grid-connected electricity price and electricity sales of the unit after deducting taxes and fees. The formula is: N =(C av -C ge )Q EM -R t In the formula, R N is the net income of the unit in the market; C av is the average on-grid electricity price of the unit; Q EM is the amount of electricity sold in the electricity energy market; R t For the taxes.

7. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cost gap calculation formula is expressed as: C r,s =C y -R N In the formula, C r,s The amount of subsidy required for capacity cost.

8. A capacity compensation mechanism design method applicable to the power market according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacity compensation standard specifically includes: determining the basic subsidy amount based on the average cost shortfall per unit effective capacity, taking into account the actual regional conditions, such as the user's price tolerance and investment incentive needs, and appropriately adjusting the subsidy coefficient to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of the compensation. The formula is: In the formula, B a is the basic unit effective capacity subsidy; i∈I is the set of all units; They refer to the unit capacity cost recovery gap and effective capacity of unit i respectively; κ is the subsidy coefficient; The actual amount of subsidy for the unit.

9. A capacity compensation mechanism design system suitable for the power market, characterized in that: include: The compensation object determination and classification unit is used to identify the unit type according to the characteristics of the power market in each province, evaluate the actual power generation capacity of the unit type, and calculate the effective capacity considering the operating efficiency and maintenance status; The cost accounting and revenue analysis unit calculates the annual cost of the unit based on the total investment and expected life of the unit, analyzes the power generation cost of the unit, distinguishes between fixed costs and variable costs, and evaluates the profitability of the unit in the power market and calculates the market revenue based on the electricity price and electricity sales volume; The compensation demand quantification and standard setting unit is used to calculate the shortfall in unit cost recovery based on the unit's effective capacity and market revenue, and to formulate capacity compensation standards based on the calculation results.

10. A capacity compensation mechanism design system applicable to the power market according to claim 9, characterized in that: The determination of the compensation object and the calculation of the effective capacity in the classification unit require accurate data of the planned maintenance time, unplanned downtime and height limit state time of the unit. Assuming AF is 1, the calculation formula of the effective capacity is: Q e =AFQ r (1-E p ) In the formula, Q e is the effective capacity of the unit; Q r is the installed capacity; E p is the plant power consumption rate, and the effective capacity of the unit is determined by the equivalent availability factor.

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