WTRU reachability in energy-saving network

Abstract

A WTRU may receive configuration information indicating that a second cell will be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when a first cell is a camping cell and / or the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state. The WTRU may monitor a PEI via the second cell based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state. The WTRU may receive the PEI via the second cell. The WTRU may monitor paging via the first cell and / or the second cell based on the PEI subset. When the page is received via the second cell, the WTRU may send an indication indicating an identity of the first cell via the second cell. When the paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may transmit a signal via the first cell.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 394,735 filed on August 3, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 410,327 filed on September 27, 2022, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Background Art

[0003] Techniques for energy conservation in certain networks (e.g., 5G networks) may be considered. For example, one or more enhancements may be considered to enable a network to minimize its power consumption from transmission and / or reception. Such minimization may be beneficial to reducing operating costs and / or environmental sustainability.

[0004] Compared to earlier systems, for example, one or more (e.g., some) networks (e.g., 5GNR) may minimize one or more transmissions from the network (e.g., when there is no data). For example, an always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS) may not be used in one or more (e.g., some) high-efficiency networks. Further energy consumption reduction may be provided.

[0005] In one or more examples, the network may consume energy when not transmitting from one or more other activities (e.g., such as baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception and / or beamforming). Such idle power consumption may be non-negligible (e.g., in dense networks) even when no WTRUs are served during a given period. For example, if the network avoids such activities when not transmitting to the WTRU, energy consumption may be reduced.

[0006] Additionally or alternatively, one or more (e.g., certain) networks (e.g., 5G NR) may support beamforming utilizing one or more (e.g., many) ports (e.g., up to 64 transmit and receive ports), and / or energy consumption may increase as the number of ports used increases. For a particular one or more (e.g., all) WTRUs, utilizing the maximum number of ports may not be necessary. For example, if the network adjusts the number of ports (e.g., only to the number of ports required), energy consumption may be reduced.

[0007] In an example, network energy conservation may be aimed at improving the operation of a cellular ecosystem and / or enabling more efficient adjustment of network transmit and / or receive resources in the time domain, frequency domain, spatial domain, and / or power domain. For example, such a scenario may receive support, feedback, and / or assistance from one or more WTRUs. In an example, echo-friendly WTRU operation may be provided (e.g., which allows for deployment of greener network deployments and / or reduces emissions and operating costs of operating cellular networks). For example, one or more (e.g., certain) networks (e.g., 5G) may not require always-on transmission of synchronization and / or reference signals, and / or may support adjustable bandwidth and / or MIMO capabilities, which may enable greater efficiency in operating newer deployments. Summary of the invention

[0008] A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be associated with a network energy saving (NES) group. The WTRU may be configured to monitor downlink resources associated with the NES group. For example, the WTRU may receive a notification associated with the NES group via the downlink resources. The WTRU may be configured to receive configuration information associated with discontinuous reception (DRX). For example, the configuration information may include an indication of a first DRX cycle. The WTRU may monitor paging messages from a serving cell according to the first DRX cycle. The WTRU may, for example, receive an indication that a serving cell is in a NES state via the downlink resources associated with the NES group. The WTRU may transition to a second DRX cycle (e.g., a NES DRX cycle) in response to a received indication that the serving cell is in the NES state. For example, the WTRU may determine the second DRX cycle based on functionality. In response to the indication that the serving cell is in the NES state, the WTRU may monitor paging messages from the serving cell according to the second DRX cycle. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may monitor for paging messages from a second cell according to the first DRX cycle in response to the received indication that the serving cell is in the NES state.

[0009] The WTRU may receive configuration information. The WTRU may receive configuration information indicating that the first cell is associated with the second cell. For example, the configuration may include an indication that the second cell will be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when the first cell is selected as a camped cell and / or the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state. The configuration information may indicate a first PEI subgroup and / or a second PEI subgroup. The first PEI subgroup may be associated with the second cell. The second PEI subgroup may be associated with the first cell. The WTRU may monitor PEI via the second cell, for example, based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state. The WTRU may receive the PEI, for example, via the second cell. The WTRU may monitor paging. For example, the WTRU may monitor paging via the second cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the first PEI subgroup. For example, the WTRU may monitor paging via the first cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the second PEI subgroup. When the paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may send a signal via the first cell, and / or when the paging is received via the second cell, the WTRU may send an indication of the identity of the first cell via the second cell. For example, when the paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may determine that the first cell is no longer in the NES state.

[0010] The first cell may be associated with a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. The second cell may be associated with a second DRX cycle. For example, the WTRU may apply the first DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the first cell. For example, the WTRU may apply the second DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the second cell. The WTRU may determine a paging frame (PF) and / or a paging occasion (PO) of the first cell or the second cell, for example, based on a NES-specific WTRU identity (ID).

[0011] The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions. The WTRU may determine that the one or more SSB transmissions and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on the first cell. The WTRU may determine, for example, based on the determination that the one or more SSB transmissions and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on the first cell, that a subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) POs of the second DRX cycle are not transmitted. The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or one or more SSB transmissions to determine the first cell and / or the second cell. For example, the WTRU may determine the first cell and / or the second cell based on the received broadcast signaling and / or based on one or more characteristics associated with the one or more SSB transmissions.

[0012] The WTRU may determine the second cell. For example, the WTRU may determine the second cell based on one or more channel measurements and / or one or more handover candidate configurations.

[0013] The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell, for example, based on reception of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmission. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell, for example, based on reception of a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) transmission. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell based on both reception of the PSS transmission and reception of the SSS transmission.

[0014] For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information including, for example, an indication that the WTRU is included in a set of one or more WTRUs on the condition that the set of one or more WTRUs are in one or more cells in an NES state. The WTRU may monitor and / or receive one or more group-common indications associated with the set of one or more WTRUs in the NES state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0016] Figure 1B is an example of a method that can be used according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within an example communication system.

[0017] Figure 1C is an example of a method that can be used according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1ASystem diagram of an example Radio Access Network (RAN) and an example Core Network (CN) used within an example communication system.

[0018] Figure 1D is an example of a method that can be used according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1A System diagram of another example RAN and another example CN for use within the illustrated communication system.

[0019] Figure 2 An example associated with the time / frequency structure of SSB is illustrated.

[0020] Figure 3 An example associated with beam scanning is illustrated.

[0021] Figure 4 Examples associated with switching NESDRX cycles when the WTRU is in an idle / inactive state of the NES are illustrated.

[0022] Figure 5 Examples associated with a sample paging procedure in the NES state are illustrated, including reception of a page from a second cell.

[0023] Figure 6 A second example associated with a sample paging procedure in the NES state is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0025] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (WTRU), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU.

[0026] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0027] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies (which may be referred to as cells (not shown)). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrums. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to send and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0028] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0029] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0030] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) that may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0031] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0032] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may together implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions transmitted to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0033] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0034] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology (such as IEEE 802.11) to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology (such as IEEE 802.15) to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a microcell or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Therefore, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0035] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the text and video, the CN 106 / 115 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Figure 1A Although not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0036] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired communication networks and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0037] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0038] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0039] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0040] The send / receive element 122 can be configured to send a signal to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) or receive a signal from the base station by air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 can be an antenna configured to send and / or receive an RF signal. In one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 can be a transmitter / detector configured to send and / or receive, for example, IR, UV or visible light signals. In another embodiment, the send / receive element 122 can be configured to send and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It should be understood that the send / receive element 122 can be configured to send and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0041] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B Although depicted as a single element in the figure, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0042] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0043] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit) and may receive user input data therefrom. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0044] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0045] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0046] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0047] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via signal processing performed via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0048] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0049] The RAN 104 may include evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the evolved Node-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0050] Each of the evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0051] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as being part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0052] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0053] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during inter-evolved Node-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0054] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0055] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or may be in communication with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0056] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as wireless terminals, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such terminals may (eg, temporarily or permanently) use a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0057] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0058] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STA) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries the service to and / or out of the BSS. Services originating from outside the BSS and destined for the STA may be reached by the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Services originating from the STA and destined for the target outside the BSS may be transmitted to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding target. Services between STAs within the BSS may be transmitted by the AP, for example, wherein the source STA may transmit services to the AP, and the AP may deliver services to the target STA. Services between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point services. Point-to-point services may be transmitted between the source STA and the target STA (e.g., directly between them) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11eDLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (eg, all STAs in the STA) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0059] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operating mode or a similar operating mode, the AP can send beacons on a fixed channel (such as a primary channel). The primary channel can be a fixed width (e.g., a 20MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel can be an operating channel of the BSS and can be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) can be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) can listen to the primary channel. If the primary channel is listened / detected and / or determined to be busy by a specific STA, the specific STA can back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) can transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0060] A high throughput (HT) STA may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0061] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz channels and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. 160MHz channels can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be individually processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and the data can be sent by the transmitter STA. At the receiver of the receiver STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the medium access control (MAC).

[0062] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support instrument type control / machine type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0063] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only a 1MHz operating mode) is sending to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and may be available.

[0064] In the United States, the available frequency bands for 802.11ah are 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0065] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0066] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, but it should be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while being consistent with the embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 108b may utilize beamforming to send signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Therefore, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to send wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on an unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on a licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0067] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable parameter sets. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or Transmission Time Intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute time lengths over time).

[0068] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the evolved Node-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the evolved Node-B 160a, 160b, 160c may act as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0069] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0070] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possible data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0071] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing in order to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services utilized by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and / or services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0072] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating WTRU IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0073] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0074] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108 or may communicate with the IP gateway. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the DN 185a, 185b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the local data network (DN) 185a, 185b.

[0075] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D Corresponding to the description of the present invention, one or more or all of the functions described herein for one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-102d, base station 114a-114b, evolved Node B 160a-160c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-180c, AMF 182a-182ab, UPF 184a-184b, SMF 183a-183b, DN 185a-185b and / or any other device described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0076] The simulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0077] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication performed via RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to send and / or receive data.

[0078] The systems, methods and / or apparatus provided herein may be related to WTRU grouping.For example, one or more methods for adjusting discontinuous reception (DRX) to match NES state (including group-based DRX) may be provided herein.

[0079] The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about paging. Adjustment of paging occasions and / or paging frames to match network energy saving (NES) states may be described herein. Monitoring of paging on alternative serving cells may be provided herein. For example, if the best serving cell and / or the resident cell (e.g., based on measured channel conditions) is in a specific availability state (e.g., deep sleep, dormancy and / or shutdown) and / or if the WTRU does not detect a presence signal associated with the best cell (e.g., a discovery signal, synchronization signal block (SSB), reference signal and / or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) sent from a cell in NES) (possibly on a different synchronization signal (SS)), the WTRU may monitor paging on one or more alternative cells. NES-based subgroup indications in paging early indications (PEI) may be provided herein. For example, if the best serving cell is sleeping, the WTRU may monitor PEI with a cell-specific subgroup. PEI may be received from the same best cell and / or different cells. Delayed paging based on detection of cell signal blocks and / or non-detection of signals may be provided herein.

[0080] As described herein, channel state information (CSI) may include one or more of the following: a channel quality index (CQI), a rank indicator (RI), a precoding matrix index (PMI), an L1 channel measurement (e.g., a reference signal received power (RSRP), such as L1-RSRP, or a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR)), a CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator (CRI), a SS / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), and / or any other measurement quantity measured by the WTRU from a configured CSI-RS or SS / PBCH block.

[0081] As described herein, uplink control information (UCI) may include one or more of the following: CSI, hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for one or more HARQ processes, a scheduling request (SR), a link recovery request (LRR), a configured grant or cell group (CG)-UCI and / or one or more other control information bits that may be sent on a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0082] As described herein, channel conditions may refer to one or more (e.g., any) conditions related to the state of a radio / channel, which may be determined by a WTRU based on one or more of: WTRU measurements (e.g., L1 / SINR / RSRP, CQI / modulation and coding scheme (MCS), channel occupancy, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power headroom, exposure headroom); L3 / mobility-based measurements (e.g., RSRP, reference signal received quality (RSRQ)); radio link monitoring (RLM) status; and / or channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on a determination of a listen-before-talk (LBT) process and / or whether the channel is deemed to have experienced a consistent LBT failure).

[0083] As described herein, a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource may refer to a PRACH resource (e.g., in terms of frequency), a PRACH opportunity (RO) (e.g., in terms of time), a preamble format (e.g., in terms of total preamble duration, sequence length, guard period, and / or in terms of length of a cyclic prefix), and / or a certain preamble sequence used to send a preamble in a random access procedure.

[0084] Scheduling information (e.g., uplink grants and / or downlink assignments) may include one or more of the following: frequency allocation; time allocation (e.g., aspects of the time allocation, such as duration); priority; modulation and coding schemes; transport block (TB) size; one or more (e.g., a certain number of) spatial layers; one or more (e.g., a certain number of) transport blocks to be carried; transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state and / or SRS resource indicator (SRI) (e.g., the SRI may indicate uplink PUSCH spatial relationship information); one or more (e.g., a certain number of) repetitions; and / or whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, a configured grant type 2, or a dynamic grant.

[0085] Downlink control information (DCI) and / or one or more (e.g., any) other (e.g., suitable) indications may include one or more of the following: an indication of a value of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) used to mask the PDCCH (e.g., via a DCI field and / or via an explicit indication of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI)); an implicit indication, for example, via characteristics such as a DCI format, a DCI size, a Coreset or search space, an aggregation level, an identity of a first control channel resource used for the DCI (e.g., an index of a first control channel element (CCE)), where a mapping between characteristics and values ​​may be signaled by a radio resource control (RRC) and / or a medium access control (MAC); and / or an explicit indication (e.g., via a downlink (DL) MAC control element (CE)).

[0086] The terms network availability status and NES status may be used interchangeably herein.

[0087] The terms selected cell, best cell, first cell, best measured cell, serving cell and / or camped cell may be used interchangeably herein.

[0088] In one or more (e.g., certain) networks (e.g., NRs), system information (SI) may include a master information block (MIB) and / or one or more (e.g., a certain number of) system information blocks (SIBs). For example, the SIB may be divided into minimum SI and other SIs. The minimum SI may include information for initial access and / or for obtaining one or more (e.g., any other) SIs. The minimum SI may include the MIB and / or SIB1. For a WTRU camped on a cell, the WTRU may (e.g., must) have obtained the contents of the minimum SI for the cell.

[0089] The one or more other SIs may include SIBs that are not broadcast in the minimum SI (e.g., all SIBs in the SIB). The WTRU may not receive (e.g., may not need to receive) the SIBs, for example, before accessing the cell. Additionally or alternatively, the other SIs may be referred to as on-demand SIs (e.g., because the gNB may send and / or broadcast these SIBs only when explicitly requested by one or more WTRUs, for example, to save network energy).

[0090] The MIB may include cell barring status information and / or (e.g., basic) physical layer information of the cell, which may be used to receive additional system information (e.g., CORESET#0 configuration). The MIB may be broadcast periodically on a broadcast channel (BCH) (e.g., the MIB may be sent with a periodicity of 80 ms, where repeated transmissions may occur and / or within 80 ms).

[0091] SIB1 may include the schedule of one or more other system information blocks and / or may include certain information for initial access. Additionally or alternatively, SIB1 may be referred to as the Remaining Minimum SI (RMSI) and / or may be broadcast periodically on a DL Shared Channel (SCH) and / or transmitted in a dedicated manner on the DL-SCH to one or more WTRUs in the RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0092] Figure 2 An example associated with the time / frequency structure of the SSB is illustrated. The synchronization signal and PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal and / or a secondary synchronization signal (PSS, SSS). For example, one or more (e.g., each) of the PSS and / or SSS may occupy 1 symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may span 3 orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and 240 subcarriers, but as Figure 2 As shown, symbols on either side of the SSS may not be used. The possible time positions of the SSB within a half-frame may depend on the subcarrier spacing. The periodicity of the half-frames in which the SSBs are sent may be configured by the network. Different SSBs may be sent in one or more different spatial directions during a half-frame (e.g., using different beams, across the coverage area of ​​a cell).

[0093] Within the frequency width of a carrier, one or more (e.g., multiple) SSBs may be transmitted. The physical cell ID (PCI) of SSBs transmitted at different frequency locations does not have to be unique (e.g., different SSBs in the frequency domain may have different PCIs). When an SSB is associated with an RMSI, the SSB may be referred to as a cell-defined SSB (CD-SSB). A primary cell (PCell) may be associated with a CD-SSB located on a synchronization raster.

[0094] The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a band-specific subcarrier spacing for the SSB, for example, unless the network has configured the WTRU to determine (e.g., assume) a different subcarrier spacing. One or more (e.g., several) beams may be associated with a given cell, and / or one or more (e.g., multiple) SSBs may be transmitted on one or more different beams within a given cell (e.g., beam scanning).

[0095] Figure 3 Examples associated with beam scanning are illustrated. Figure 3 As shown, one or more (e.g., multiple) SSBs (e.g., 302a, 302b, 302c, 302d, 302e, 302f, 302g, 302h) may be transmitted at a certain interval. For example, each SSB may be identified by a unique number (e.g., referred to as an SSB index, which is mapped to the SSB index of each beam). For example, SSB 302a may have a unique identifier 0 (SSB0); SSB 302b may have a unique identifier 1 (SSB1); SSB 302c may have a unique identifier 2 (SSB2), SSB 302d may have a unique identifier 3 (SSB3); SSB 302e may have a unique identifier 4 (SSB4); SSB 302f may have a unique identifier 5 (SSB5); SSB 302g may have a unique identifier 6 (SSB6); and / or SSB 302h may have a unique identifier 7 (SSB7). Each SSB may be transmitted via a specific beam that radiates in a certain direction. Each transmit beam may be in space (e.g., may be how the WTRU perceives one or more beams). For example, SSB 302a may be transmitted via a specific beam that radiates in a direction different from the direction of SSB 302b, SSB 302c, and / or SSB 302d.

[0096] One or more (e.g., multiple) WTRUs (e.g., WTRU1 304a, WTRU2 304b) may be located at one or more (e.g., various) locations around the gNB 301. The WTRUs may measure the signal strength of each detected SSB over a period of time (e.g., a period of a set of SSBs). For example, WTRU1 304a may measure the signal strength of SSB0 302a, SSB1 302b, SSB2 302c, SSB3 302d, SSB4 302e, SSB5 302f, SSB6 302g, and / or SSB7 302h. For example, WTRU2 304b may measure the signal strength of SSB0 302a, SSB1 302b, SSB2 302c, SSB3 302d, SSB4 302e, SSB5 302f, SSB6 302g, and / or SSB7 302h. Based on the measurement results (e.g., 308a, 308b), the WTRU (e.g., WTRU1 304a and / or WTRU2 304b) may identify the SSB index using the strongest signal strength (e.g., 308a, 308b). Figure 3 In the illustrated example, for example, WTRU1 304a may identify beam #1 306a as having the strongest signal strength 308a and / or WTRU2 304b may identify beam #7 306b as the SSB index having the strongest signal strength 308b.

[0097] The number of different beams transmitted may be determined and / or based on how many SSBs are transmitted within an SSB burst set (e.g., a subset of SSBs are transmitted within a 5 ms window 306 of SSB transmission). In frequency range 1 (FR1), the maximum number of SSBs within an SSB set may be 4 or 8, while for frequency range 2 (FR2), the maximum number of SSBs within an SSB set may be 64.

[0098] A WTRU may determine whether it is able to transmit and / or receive on one or more (e.g., certain) resources based on (e.g., according to) a network availability state, which may imply a power saving state of a gNB. The availability state may correspond to a network power saving state and / or a gNB activity level. The availability state may be uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) specific and / or may change from symbol to symbol, slot to slot, frame to frame, and / or at a longer duration granularity. The WTRU may determine the availability state and / or the network may indicate the availability state. The availability state may include, for example: on; DL and UL active; UL active (e.g., UL only active); off; reduced transmit (Tx) power; dormant; micro-sleep; light sleep; and / or deep sleep. Such states may be abstracted by one or more network configuration parameters and / or values. As described herein, the WTRU may determine the availability state of the network based on an indication (e.g., a dynamic indication). For example, an indication (e.g., a dynamic indication) indicating an active availability state may be transmitted to the WTRU (e.g., via DCI or MAC CE signaling). For example, the off availability state may imply that the baseband hardware of the gNB is turned off. The sleeping availability state may imply that the gNB wakes up periodically to send one or more (e.g., certain) signals (e.g., presence signals, synchronization signals, and / or reference signals) and / or receive one or more (e.g., certain) UL signals. In one or more (e.g., some) availability states, one or more (e.g., certain) DL resources and / or UL resources may be unavailable during one or more (e.g., certain) time periods, which may enable the network to turn off baseband processing and / or one or more other activities. One or more (e.g., some) measurement resources (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) may be made available in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states (e.g., only available in the one or more availability states). Additionally or alternatively, in certain availability states, one or more (e.g., certain) measurements (e.g., RLM, beam failure detection (BFD), radio resource management (RRM) measurements, CSI-RS feedback configuration, CSI feedback, etc.) may be made and / or reported (e.g., may only be made).

[0099] In one or more (e.g., certain) scenarios, the WTRU may (e.g., further) send a request (e.g., a wake-up request) to the network to modify the availability state of the network. For example, the WTRU may request that the availability state of the network be modified to a state where resources are available to meet the needs of the WTRU. Such a wake-up request may include a transmission that may be capable of being decoded by a low complexity receiver at a gNB, for which energy consumption may be minimized. As described herein, wake-up request, turn-on request, and / or turn-on WTRU assistance information may be used interchangeably. In one or more (e.g., certain) availability states (e.g., micro-sleep and / or deep sleep), a wake-up request may be used (e.g., specifically used) and / or may refer to a physical uplink signal sent by the WTRU to request a change in the availability state of the network. One or more (e.g., various) physical layer designs of the wake-up request signal may be used. Additionally, the on request may be a physical layer (e.g., and / or layer 2 (L2)) indication from the WTRU to the network, which may be delivered via a MAC CE, UCI, RRC signaling and / or RRC reconfiguration signaling (e.g., applicable to NES), PUCCH, and / or random access channel (RACH) indication. For example, the on request may include turning on WTRU assistance information and / or positioning reports.

[0100] The WTRU may determine the availability state, for example, based on a received availability state indication. For example, the availability state indication may be received via layer 1 (L1) / L2 signaling (e.g., group common DCI and / or indication) and / or may be determined (e.g., implicitly based on receipt or non-receipt of periodic DL signaling). For example, when paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may determine that the first cell is no longer in the NES state.

[0101] The WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement of the determined network availability state, for example, whether the resources are applicable to the active availability state. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may adjust the active connected mode DRX (C-DRX) cycle of the WTRU. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may adjust the active spatial element (e.g., antenna or logical port) of the WTRU. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may adjust the active transmit / receive point (TRP) of the WTRU. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may adjust the paging occasion of the WTRU based on the signaled and / or determined NES state. The WTRU may be configured with one or more NES transmission and / or reception parameter sets (e.g., for each NES state). For example, the WTRU may be configured with one or more NES transmission and / or reception parameter sets via signaling (e.g., broadcast signaling and / or dedicated configuration signaling). The WTRU may apply the NES parameter set based on the determined and / or signaled NES state. The WTRU may apply one or more applicable configurations based on (e.g., based on) the determined NES state. For example, the NES parameter set may include: one or more (e.g., a certain number of) antenna ports; C-DRX configuration; measurement configuration (e.g., for RRM, RLM and / or BFD); CSI-RS configuration; SSB configuration; conditional handover (CHO) or mobility candidates; and / or a set of active TRPs.

[0102] The availability state may apply to one or more transmit, receive and / or measurement resources. The availability state may apply to one or more time periods, such as, for example, time slots and / or time symbols. The availability state may apply to a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth portion, a TRP, a set of spatial elements and / or a frequency range within a bandwidth portion. For example, if the NES changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that the state change is for (e.g., only for) that cell. In an example, if the NES changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that the state change is for certain cells (e.g., all cells of the same frequency). In an example, if the NES changes in a cell, the WTRU may receive an availability state change indication indicating that the state change is for all cells under the same RAT.

[0103] For example, the WTRU may consider the active availability state associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or band to be off, deep sleep, and / or micro-sleep based on receiving DL signaling that changes the availability state of the TRP and / or cell (e.g., after such reception). For example, the WTRU may receive a turn-off command via broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., group common DCI), and / or DL ​​MAC CE (e.g., an indication portion of a PDSCH). The WTRU may determine the availability state based on an availability state indication (e.g., receiving an availability state indication), which may be received, for example, via L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., group common DCI and / or indication). For example, the WTRU may determine a change in the NES state change based on receiving a group common command L1 signaling (e.g., group common DCI, multi-level DCI, a specific DCI format, and / or a DCI scrambled by a configured and / or specified NES specific RNTI). The L1 signaling may indicate a configured NES parameter set to be applied from a configured NES parameter set. Based on L1 signaling, the WTRU may determine the incremental configuration based on the current parameter set when determining the NES state change. The WTRU may send feedback and / or confirmation to the gNB, for example, after receiving the NES state change indication. For example, the feedback and / or confirmation may be multiplexed with UL data (e.g., as part of the UL TB indicated by the MAC CE and / or subheader) based on receiving the NES state change indication (e.g., after such reception).

[0104] In an example, the WTRU may determine a change in a NES state change based on receiving broadcast signaling associated with an NES state indication and / or change. For example, the change in the NES state change may be received via signaling in one or more SIBs and / or a portion of a broadcast PDSCH and / or a multicast PDSCH. Additionally or alternatively, the NES may be indicated (e.g., explicitly indicated) to the WTRU in a SIB. The WTRU may be configured with one or more SIBs associated (e.g., exclusively associated) with the configuration of NES parameters. For example, the WTRU may be configured to (e.g., periodically) receive such broadcast indications and / or multicast indications (e.g., SIBs associated with the configuration of NES parameters). The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or one or more SSB transmissions to determine a first (e.g., serving, best, resident) cell and / or a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the received broadcast signaling and / or based on one or more characteristics associated with the one or more SSB transmissions. For example, the WTRU may determine that an error detection (e.g., an error detection of a periodic SIB, an error detection of an indication) has occurred if a SIB and / or indication is not received at an expected periodic occasion (e.g., if the WTRU is configured to periodically receive a SIB associated with the configuration of NES parameters). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine that an error detection (e.g., an error detection of a periodic SIB, an error detection of an indication) has occurred if one or more (e.g., a certain number) of error detections are counted. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine that an error detection (e.g., an error detection of a periodic SIB, an error detection of an indication) has occurred if a timer has elapsed a period of time since the last reception of an NES status indication. The WTRU may start one or more of the following based on a determination of an error detection of an NES status indication (e.g., after the determination). The WTRU may start inter-cell measurements based on a determination of an error detection of an NES status indication (e.g., after the determination). The WTRU may start inter-frequency measurements based on (e.g., after) a determination of a false detection of an NES state indication. The WTRU may start inter-RAT measurements based on (e.g., after) a determination of a false detection of an NES state indication. The WTRU may start a mobility procedure after a determination of a false detection of an NES state indication. The WTRU may start evaluating configured CHO candidates after a determination of a false detection of an NES state indication.

[0105] The WTRU may determine (e.g., implicitly determine) a certain availability state (e.g., off, deep sleep, micro-sleep, and / or hibernation) associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band based on one or more of the following.

[0106] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on receiving a command and / or signal indicating a change in the availability state. The command and / or signal may include a group common DCI and / or RRC signaling and / or a presence signal in connected mode. The WTRU may determine (e.g., implicitly determine) the availability state, for example, based on receiving periodic DL signaling. The WTRU may be configured and / or specified to associate the availability state with one or more DL signal types (e.g., SSB, partial SSB, and / or one or more periodic).

[0107] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on receiving a paging message, a paging DCI, a paging PDSCH, a paging related signal (e.g., a paging early indication (PEI)), and / or a subset of paging occasions (POs) (e.g., a PO aligned with a NESDRX cycle and / or a configured subset of PDCCH resources). The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that a given NES is active based on receiving an indication portion of a DCI and / or a PDCHH scheduled paging (e.g., based on a P-RNTI, NES-RNTI). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that a given NES is active based on receiving an indication (e.g., on a reserved bit) (e.g., explicit). One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may determine the availability state based on, for example, receiving a paging message with a certain P-RNTI, a separately configured NES P-RNTI, and / or a NES group RNTI. The WTRU may determine the availability state based on receiving a paging message with a certain P-RNTI (e.g., after such reception). The WTRU may be configured with one or more PEI subgroups for NES, where the subgroups may be associated with one or more availability states. For example, a first PEI subgroup may be associated with a second cell (e.g., a non-serving cell). For example, a second PEI subgroup may be associated with a first cell (e.g., a camping cell). The WTRU may determine the availability state based on receiving a PEI with an NES subgroup (e.g., if the NES subgroup is configured with a certain availability state and / or associated with a certain availability state). Indications of availability states and / or availability state switching may be indicated in a paging payload, for example, as a flag portion of a paging message and / or a short message. When the cell from which the signaling is received is in a closed, sleeping, and / or NES state, such paging indications may (e.g., further) indicate one or more other cells to monitor for paging. Such paging indications may (e.g., further) indicate and / or signal one or more applicable reconfiguration parameters (e.g., for initial access, applicable PRACH resources, applicable SSB / RS timing, applicable SI cycle, and / or applicable cell and / or associated availability state).

[0108] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on the DTX status of the gNB (e.g., whether the gNB is in active time and / or whether the associated activity timer is running).

[0109] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on the detection (e.g., or non-detection) of the presence indication. One or more of the following may apply. For example, if the presence indication is not detected at one or more presence indication occasions, the WTRU may determine the availability state associated with the cell (e.g., off and / or deep sleep). The WTRU may determine the availability state based on the detection (e.g., or non-detection) of the presence indication. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume and / or change) the availability state of the cell based on one or more (e.g., a certain number) of consecutive error detections (e.g., after these consecutive error detections) and / or based on the expiration of a timer after the failure to detect the presence signal (e.g., after the expiration). The WTRU may determine that the availability state is active or deactivated after the expiration of a timer associated with the availability state. In an example, the timer may be configured and / or maintained in one or more (e.g., certain) states and / or modes (e.g., connected mode only). In an example, the timer may be configured and / or maintained in certain other states (e.g., idle state, inactive state). For example, the WTRU may determine the availability state based on the detection (e.g., or non-detection) of the presence indication. The WTRU may determine (e.g., implicitly determine) an availability state based on a failure to detect periodic DL signaling (e.g., not receiving periodic DL signaling). For example, the WTRU may be configured with a signal quality threshold (e.g., an RSRP threshold). For example, if the WTRU does not detect a signal associated with an availability state with a signal strength above a threshold (e.g., a signal and / or SSB is present), the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the availability state is not active and / or may determine (e.g., assume) that a different availability state is active. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the availability state is not active based on a failure to detect an identification sequence of a signal being present (e.g., a PSS sequence is detected).

[0110] The WTRU may determine an availability state based on the time of day. One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may be configured to determine (e.g., automatically determine, automatically assume) an availability state (e.g., off, sleep, or hibernate) for a configured subset of cells (e.g., capacity boosting cells) based on (e.g., according to) the time of day. For example, the WTRU may determine that the capacity boosting cell has an availability state of on for a first set of hours in the day, deep sleep for a second set of hours in the day, and / or off for a third set of hours in the day.

[0111] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on the availability status of an associated cell (e.g., another carrier of the same MAC entity, another carrier in the same cell group, another carrier in the same gNB, another sector in the same gNB and / or a configured associated cell and / or capacity enhancement cell).

[0112] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on detecting a PSS signal (eg, only a PSS signal) and / or an SSB signal (eg, a simplified / truncated version of an SSB signal).

[0113] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on detection (eg, non-detection) of RS signals (eg, CSI-RS, positioning reference signal (PRS), TRS).

[0114] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on the RRC state of the WTRU (eg, idle, inactive, and / or connected).

[0115] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on whether a paging message has been received (eg, received within a configured time window).

[0116] The WTRU may determine the availability status based on whether system information (eg, periodic SI and / or SIB subset) has been received (eg, within a configured time window).

[0117] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on one or more measured channel conditions being below or above a threshold. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a change in the NES state based on a change in one or more measured channel conditions. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a change in the NES state based on making the channel measurement below (e.g., or above) a threshold. For example, the WTRU may use one or more measured degradations of the SSB and / or CSI-RS (e.g., in combination with other signaling) to determine the NES state. For example, the WTRU may measure one or more SSBs and / or CSI-RS for degradation using a configured window after DCI reception. For example, if an incremental decrease in SSB-RSRP is measured, the WTRU may determine that the NES state has changed and / or determine (e.g., assume) one or more associated actions for such NES state (e.g., triggering of CHO candidate selection and / or group scheduling for mobility commands).

[0118] The WTRU may be configured to monitor for indications that may characterize a level of network activity (e.g., availability status). Network activity may be associated with a gNB and / or cell. The WTRU may assume the same availability status for one or more cells (e.g., all cells) that are part of the same gNB (e.g., cells of the same MAC entity). A network activity indication (e.g., presence indication) may include a channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or a signal (e.g., sequence). An activity indication (e.g., NES state change indication / command) may indicate an activity level (e.g., reduced activity, increased activity, neutral activity) that the WTRU may expect from the associated gNB and / or cell. Additionally or alternatively, the activity indication may include activity information of other gNBs / cells. The activity indication may be received via a PDCCH transmission that includes group common signaling. For example, the network may send a group common DCI to a group of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in a serving cell) to indicate a change in activity status and / or activity level (in UL and / or DL). The CRC of the PDCCH may be scrambled with an RNTI (e.g., a dedicated activity indication RNTI, NES-RNTI). The WTRU may be configured with one or more search spaces associated with monitoring opportunities for an activity indication PDCCH. The indication may include an enter sleep signal, e.g., a predefined sequence. For example, when the WTRU detects the enter sleep signal, the WTRU may expect a reduced activity level (e.g., within a specific time period). For example, the WTRU may activate C-DRX within the indicated time period. Additionally or alternatively, one or more (e.g., two) sequences may be used to indicate (e.g., regular) activity and / or reduced activity.

[0119] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include one or more of the following. For example, signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include an expected activity level (e.g., availability status) of the associated gNB / cell within a specific time interval. One or more activity levels may be predetermined and / or configured. For example, the activity levels may include: regular activity, reduced activity, neutral activity, etc. The signaling may indicate an activity level. For example, when a bit of the signal is set to 1, regular activity may be indicated. In an example, when a bit of the signal is set to 0, reduced activity may be indicated.

[0120] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include transmission and / or reception attributes for one or more (e.g., each) activity level (e.g., availability state). For example, during a period of reduced activity, the WTRU may not be expected to monitor one or more (e.g., certain) PDCCH search spaces (e.g., including all SSs), receive a certain type of PDSCH (e.g., including all PDSCHs), send PUCCH / PUSCH, and / or perform one or more (e.g., certain) measurements. The WTRU may start (e.g., and / or stop) monitoring PDCCH resources and / or TCI states associated with a determined NES state. For example, the WTRU may start (e.g., or stop) monitoring PDCCH resources and / or TCI states associated with a (de)activated TRP and / or one or more spatial elements.

[0121] Signaling and / or activity indication within the PDCCH may include a configuration set. For example, a configuration set may be associated with an activity level and / or may be used / applied when indicating the activity level (e.g., a NES parameter set). For example, a configuration set may include: SS configuration, CSI report configuration, index of the SSB transmitted, etc. One or more (e.g., each) configuration sets may include attributes associated with the activity level. For example, one or more configuration sets may include a label that may be set to a reduced activity.

[0122] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include time intervals within which activity levels are determined (e.g., valid, assumed). One or more of the following may be applied. The time interval may be signaled in the PDCCH and / or included in the activity indication. For example, a bitmap may be used to indicate a time interval, wherein one or more bits in the bitmap may be associated with a specific duration (e.g., a time slot and / or frame). For example, a bit 1 of a bitmap may indicate a conventional activity, and a bit 0 of a bitmap may indicate a reduced activity on an associated frame. For example, a time interval may be indicated by the start time and / or length of the interval. The start time may be defined. For example, the start time may be determined by adding a fixed offset to the time at which the time indication is received. The length of the interval may be configured and / or signaled via an indication PDCCH.

[0123] The signaling and / or activity indication within the PDCCH may include a time interval within which an activity level may be determined (e.g., predetermined) to be valid (e.g., assumed). The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) an interruption delay (e.g., the time until a NES change will occur) based on receiving (e.g., after the reception of a NES state change command (e.g., after the last symbol and / or time slot in which the command was received). The interruption time may be an absolute time. The interruption time may be one or more (e.g., a certain number of) symbols. The interruption time may be one or more (e.g., a certain number of) time slots.

[0124] The WTRU may perform cell reselection (e.g., to another cell, frequency layer, and / or RAT) based on determining a NES change (e.g., a NES change to a resident cell, a serving cell, and / or a candidate cell to reselect to). The WTRU may be configured and / or predefined with an alternative serving cell to perform initial access, mobility, and / or cell reselection. For example, if the current serving cell and / or a capacity enhancement cell is turned off, the WTRU may be configured and / or predefined with an alternative serving cell. Additionally or alternatively, if one or more (e.g., certain) conditions are met, the WTRU may be configured and / or predefined with an alternative serving cell. The WTRU may be configured with an alternative serving cell via broadcast, and / or the WTRU may be configured with an alternative serving cell via dedicated signaling. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a list of one or more fallback serving cells and / or alternative serving cells (e.g., per serving cell and / or per gNB). For example, the WTRU may initiate a cell reselection and / or mobility process associated with an alternative serving cell of the cell and / or gNB from which the shutdown indication was received. In an example, the shutdown and / or sleep indication may indicate to the WTRU (e.g., dynamically) which cell to fall back and / or connect to, for example, via dedicated signaling and / or broadcast signaling. The fallback cell / alternative cell may be configured and / or predefined as a cell within the same gNB from which the sector has entered the NES state (e.g., shut down, sleep and / or power reduction). In an example, the fallback cell may be predefined (e.g., predefined as a master node cell when the WTRU is in dual connectivity). The fallback cell / alternative cell may be configured and / or predefined as a cell associated with a different RAT and / or frequency band. For example, the WTRU may fall back to an LTE and / or FR1 cell associated with the cell and / or gNB from which the shutdown indication was received (e.g., if the WTRU is in carrier aggregation (CA) and / or DC using one or more (e.g., multiple) RATs and / or multiple frequency bands).

[0125] The WTRU may determine that uplink and / or downlink resources and / or signals are available for transmission and / or reception. The WTRU may perform one or more measurements for the determined network availability state, for example, if it is applicable in an active availability state. The WTRU may determine that a subset of measured resources and / or signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) is not applicable in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states. The WTRU may determine that a subset of uplink and / or downlink resources (e.g., PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH) is not applicable in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states. The WTRU may send one or more (e.g., some) uplink signals in (e.g., only) a subset of network (NW) availability states (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS), pSRS, PRACH, UCI).

[0126] The WTRU may monitor (e.g., monitor reception of) presence indications and / or signals associated with a gNB that is configured with one or more availability states (e.g., on, off, dormant, and / or deep sleep). One or more of the following may apply. The presence indication may be a signal (e.g., a physical downlink signal). For example, the presence indication may be sent (e.g., is a physical downlink signal sent by) an associated cell and / or gNB that is sleeping (e.g., may be in certain availability states (e.g., deep sleep, micro-sleep, dormant, and / or off)). Additionally or alternatively, the presence indication may be a downlink information bit delivered to the WTRU, for example, via broadcast signaling (e.g., SIB) and / or via dedicated signaling (e.g., RRC signaling and / or MAC CE).

[0127] For example, the WTRU may change to an availability state associated with the detected presence signal (e.g., the WTRU may assume ON) based on the WTRU successfully receiving a response (e.g., after successfully receiving the response). The response may include the sent WTRU assistance information and / or the ON request sent by the WTRU. For example, the response may be received via a DL signal and / or channel (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, PRS, PDCCH, DCI, PDSCH and / or HARQ-ACK) and / or an L2 message (e.g., RRC message, DL MAC CE, Msg2, MsgB and / or Msg4). The WTRU may monitor (e.g., start monitoring) one or more additional TRPs, SSBs and / or CSI-RS resources, for example, after waking up the sending of the WTRU assistance information and / or the ON request and / or based on the successful reception of a response to the assistance information and / or the ON request (e.g., after such successful reception). For example, the WTRU may change to an availability state associated with detecting the presence of a signal (e.g., on) based on the WTRU determining (e.g., measuring, successfully measuring) that one or more channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, SINR) on one or more measurement resources of the associated cell are above a configured threshold (e.g., after such determination).

[0128] The presence indication signal may be one or more of: a simplified and / or abridged version of an SSB signal (e.g., PSS / SSS without PBCH multiplexing); wide beam and / or omnidirectional SSB; PRS; CSI-RS; a signal detected based on sensing the energy of the Ethernet (e.g., a DL signal associated with a wake-up radio component, if the WTRU is capable of detecting the DL signal using such hardware); PDSCH and / or PDCCH received on a different cell and / or TRP (e.g., on a configured subset of resources, coresets, and / or search spaces); and / or one or more SSBs received on different cells and / or TRPs (e.g., configured on a subset of SSB opportunities).

[0129] In an example, network energy consumption may be significant and, in some cases, unnecessary, such as during quiet hours. The network may shut down small cells and / or may be based on (e.g., dependent on) one or more macro cells for coverage during quiet hours. The network may shut down one or more (e.g., some) sectors and / or gNBs. The network may reduce power amplifier (PA) power consumption. The network may enable a gNB-side sleep mode (e.g., without significantly sacrificing WTRU performance). One or more gNBs may combine information (e.g., one or more WTRU measurements, WTRU assistance information, interference status, load information, proprietary information) to determine how to respond (e.g., to increase and / or decrease energy consumption) in response to significant energy consumption.

[0130] From the WTRU's perspective, when one or more capacity cells activate NES, the WTRU may experience coverage loss. For example, when the WTRU is in an idle state and / or inactive state, the WTRU may not be aware that the gNB has transitioned to a NES state (e.g., deep sleep and / or dormant). In order to adjust network availability, the WTRU may know whether one or more (e.g., certain) cell signals (e.g., SSB, paging, SI) are sent as usual (e.g., as opposed to not receiving them due to one or more poor / bad channel conditions).

[0131] When one or more gNBs are asleep and / or shut down, one or more (e.g., certain) WTRU control plane processes for connectivity management, WTRU reachability, cell reselection, and / or WTRU battery consumption may be affected. One or more of the following may apply. As described herein, one or more paging messages and / or SI may be affected. For example, one or more paging messages may be transmitted by the core network to one or more (e.g., all) gNBs in a RAN paging / notification area. One or more gNBs in the same RAN paging area may send a paging message, for example, even if the WTRU is not in the cell. For example, if one or more gNBs in the same RAN paging area send a paging message when the WTRU is not in the cell, one or more (e.g., many) gNBs may wake up to send a paging message (e.g., even if some of the gNBs are in a network power saving state, a sleep state, and / or a dormant state and / or there is a single WTRU to page in the entire notification area). In addition, in one or more examples, keeping the WTRU battery monitoring a regular idle mode DRX cycle for paging may be considered wasteful. For example, if the gNB is sleeping (e.g., according to a different NES cycle and / or the WTRU will not be paged), it may be considered wasteful to keep the WTRU battery monitoring the regular idle mode DRX cycle for paging.

[0132] One or more WTRUs in idle mode may not be aware of the sleep cycle of the gNB and / or one or more WTRUs in idle mode may not be aware of whether the SI (e.g., including other remaining SI / SIBs) is broadcast by the network according to a regular (e.g., configured) periodicity.

[0133] The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about adjustment of paging occasions. The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about paging from different (e.g., second, non-serving) cells. The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about indications of delayed paging on sleeping cells. The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about indications of one or more upcoming paging from cells (e.g., second, non-serving cells) different from the first (e.g., serving, resident) cell. The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about using one or more paging early indication (PEI) subgroups to indicate one or more network energy saving (NES) states and / or delayed paging. The systems, methods and / or devices provided herein may be about silencing a subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) paging occasions (PO) that are not aligned with one or more transmitted synchronization signal blocks (SSBs).

[0134] The WTRU may receive configuration information. The WTRU may receive configuration information indicating that the first cell is associated with the second cell. For example, the configuration may include an indication that the second cell will be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when the first cell is selected as a camped cell and / or the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state. The configuration information may indicate a first PEI subgroup and / or a second PEI subgroup. The first PEI subgroup may be associated with the second cell. The second PEI subgroup may be associated with the first cell. The WTRU may monitor PEI via the second cell, for example, based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state. The WTRU may receive the PEI, for example, via the second cell. The WTRU may monitor paging. For example, the WTRU may monitor paging via the second cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the first PEI subgroup. For example, the WTRU may monitor paging via the first cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the second PEI subgroup. When the paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may send a signal via the first cell, and / or when the paging is received via the second cell, the WTRU may send an indication of the identity of the first cell via the second cell. For example, when the paging is received via the first cell, the WTRU may determine that the first cell is no longer in the NES state.

[0135] The first cell may be associated with a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. The second cell may be associated with a second DRX cycle. For example, the WTRU may apply the first DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the first cell. For example, the WTRU may apply the second DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the second cell. The WTRU may determine a paging frame (PF) and / or a paging occasion (PO) of the first cell or the second cell, for example, based on a NES-specific WTRU identity (ID).

[0136] The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions. The WTRU may determine that the one or more SSB transmissions and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on the first cell. The WTRU may determine, for example, based on the determination that the one or more SSB transmissions and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on the first cell, that a subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) POs of the second DRX cycle are not transmitted. The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or one or more SSB transmissions to determine the first cell and / or the second cell. For example, the WTRU may determine the first cell and / or the second cell based on the received broadcast signaling and / or based on one or more characteristics associated with the one or more SSB transmissions.

[0137] The WTRU may determine the second cell. For example, the WTRU may determine the second cell based on one or more channel measurements and / or one or more handover candidate configurations.

[0138] The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell, for example, based on reception of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmission. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell, for example, based on reception of a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) transmission. The WTRU may determine the NES state of the first cell based on both reception of the PSS transmission and reception of the SSS transmission.

[0139] For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information including, for example, an indication that the WTRU is included in a set of one or more WTRUs on the condition that the set of one or more WTRUs are in one or more cells in an NES state. The WTRU may monitor and / or receive one or more group-common indications associated with the set of one or more WTRUs in the NES state.

[0140] Systems, methods and / or apparatus may be provided herein for NES WTRU grouping. For example, described herein may be one or more techniques associated with WTRU grouping when the network is in an NES state. For example, one or more DRX configurations may be adjusted to match the NES state of the network (e.g., including group-based DRX).

[0141] One or more techniques associated with paging when the network is in an NES state are described herein. For example, paging occasions and / or paging frames may be adjusted to match the NES state of the network.

[0142] The WTRU may monitor for paging from an alternative serving cell. One or more of the following may apply. For example, if a serving cell (e.g., best serving cell and / or resident cell) is in a particular availability state (e.g., deep sleep, dormant, and / or off), the WTRU may monitor for paging on an alternative cell. Additionally or alternatively, if the WTRU fails to detect a presence signal (e.g., SSB or PDCCH) associated with a serving cell (e.g., possibly on a different SS), the WTRU may monitor for paging on an alternative cell in the case of a serving cell (e.g., best serving cell or resident cell).

[0143] The PEI may include an indication of a subgroup based on the NES. One or more of the following may apply. For example, if a serving cell (e.g., the best serving cell) is sleeping, the WTRU may monitor the PEI with a cell-specific subgroup. For example, the PEI may be received from a serving cell and / or a different cell. The WTRU may monitor the PEI via the second cell, for example, based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state.

[0144] For example, paging can be delayed based on detection (eg, or non-detection) of a cell signal.

[0145] A WTRU may be grouped with one or more WTRUs. For example, for NES purposes, a WTRU may be grouped with one or more WTRUs (e.g., an NES WTRU group). For example, a NES WTRU group may be used to: control one or more (e.g., a certain number of) WTRUs simultaneously; indicate bandwidth part (BWP) switching; indicate a change in the availability state of the network; indicate a change in one or more WTRU DRX cycles and / or parameters; for mobility / cell reselection; paging; and / or activate and / or deactivate one or more DL measurement resources. A WTRU may receive configuration information including an indication that the WTRU is included in a set of one or more WTRUs under the condition that the set of one or more WTRUs is in one or more cells in an NES state. The WTRU may monitor and / or may receive one or more group common indications associated with the set of one or more WTRUs in the NES state. For example, a WTRU may be configured with a NES group RNTI (e.g., an NES group identifier) ​​that may be used to signal and / or communicate with one or more WTRUs in the same serving cell. The WTRU may monitor cell-specific DL resources for reception of control and / or data and / or receive one or more group-common indications for the NES (eg, group-common DCI, availability state switch command, NES PCell switch command, etc.).

[0146] A WTRU may be configured with one or more (e.g., non-default) NESDRX cycles for use when the WTRU is in an idle state, an inactive state, and / or a connected state (e.g., a mode). For example, the one or more NESDRX cycles may be configured via SIB and / or RRC signaling. The one or more NESDRX cycles may be configured for WTRUs in a cell (e.g., all WTRUs) and / or may be cell-specific (e.g., applied by the WTRU only in the same cell in which it is configured). In one or more idle states and / or inactive states, the NES DRX cycle may be used by the WTRU to wake up to read paging (e.g., a PDCCH addressed to a paging RNTI (P-RNTI)). When the WTRU is in one or more connected states and / or inactive states, the NESDRX cycle may be used by the WTRU for scheduling (e.g., a PDCCH addressed to a cell RNTI (C-RNTI)). The NESDRX cycle and / or process may be associated with one or more NES states (e.g., one or more availability states). Such associations may be defined and / or configured and / or may be associated with one or more SSB periodicities. For example, when the WTRU determines that the serving gNB is in an associated energy saving mode (e.g., availability state), the WTRU may apply a NESDRX cycle.

[0147] The WTRU may be configured with a mapping between SSB mode, periodicity and / or periodicity range and / or NES DRX cycle. One or more of the following may apply. For example, the WTRU may determine to activate, switch to and / or apply a NES DRX cycle upon determining that the serving gNB has entered and / or applied an associated NES state.

[0148] The WTRU may determine that a given serving cell is in a certain availability state (e.g., sleep, dormant, deep sleep, and / or off) using one or more techniques described herein (e.g., based on no detected signal, based on one or more commands received from the NW, and / or based on received signals associated with sleep / availability states).

[0149] Upon detecting a signal and / or command (e.g., a group-common DCI, an availability state switch command, a NES PCell switch command, and / or a group-common wake-up signal (WUS) received from a gNB), the WTRU may switch to a given C-DRX cycle (e.g., a NESDRX cycle). The WTRU may switch to a different DRX cycle (e.g., a more frequent on-duration and / or a shorter DRX cycle) upon receiving a WUS (e.g., a group-common WUS, a dedicated WUS, or a NES-specific group / cell-common WUS) from the gNB. The WTRU may be configured to detect a NES-specific group / cell-common WUS. For example, the WTRU may detect a NES-specific group / cell-common WUS based on a differentiated sequence of detecting DL WUS. For example, if the serving cell and / or the camped cell is determined to be in the NES state, the WTRU may monitor the NES and / or the cell-common WUS. For example, if the WTRU receives a NES state switch command and / or indication, the WTRU may monitor the NES and / or the cell-common WUS. For example, if the camped cell and / or the serving cell is in a given NES state (eg, deep sleep, off, etc.), the WTRU may monitor the WUS using a NES specific sequence.

[0150] The WTRU may switch to a given C-DRX cycle (e.g., a NESDRX cycle) based on receiving a DRX switch command (e.g., after such reception) and / or based on receiving paging (e.g., a paging message, a PEI with a subgroup configured for NES, a paging DCI and / or a PDCCH and / or a paging PDSCH) (e.g., after such reception). The DRX switch command may be associated with a subset of paging occasions (POs) (e.g., POs aligned with the NES drx cycle). The first cell may be associated with a first DRX cycle. The second cell may be associated with a second DRX cycle. The WTRU may switch to a given C-DRX cycle (e.g., a NESDRX cycle) upon receiving an availability state switch command (e.g., a group common DCI, etc.) and / or a WUS. For example, the WTRU may apply the first DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the first cell. For example, the WTRU may apply the second DRX cycle on the condition that the WTRU is connected to the second cell. Upon determining that a cell (e.g., a camped cell, a selected cell, a serving cell, and / or a best measured cell) is in a given available NES state (e.g., off, sleep, hibernate, etc.), the WTRU may switch to a given C-DRX cycle (e.g., a NESDRX cycle). For example, the WTRU may perform one or more channel condition measurements for one or more (e.g., a certain number of) detectable cells. The WTRU may designate the best measured cell as the cell with the highest measurement value (e.g., regarding the channel condition described herein).

[0151] Figure 4 An example is illustrated associated with switching NES DRX cycles when the WTRU is in an idle / inactive state of the NES 400. For example, the WTRU may be in a (e.g., second) DRX cycle 405a, 405b (e.g., a regular DRX cycle, a legacy DRX cycle). For example, at 401a, 401b, and / or 401c, the WTRU may monitor one or more POs, paging, PDCCHs, and / or paging PDCCHs (e.g., associated with the second DRX cycle 405a, 405b).

[0152] At 404, the WTRU may receive a message, as described herein. The message 404 may include a gNB sleep indication, a PO skip command, and / or a determination that the serving gNB is in NES. For example, the WTRU may switch from a DRX cycle 405a, 405b to a NESDRX cycle 406a, 406b based on the message 404 (e.g., as described herein). A first (e.g., serving, camped, best) cell may be associated with a first DRX cycle 406a, 406b. A second (e.g., non-serving) cell may be associated with a second DRX cycle 405a, 405b. When connected to the first (camped, serving, best) cell, the WTRU may apply the first DRX cycle (e.g., 406a, 406b). When connected to the second (e.g., non-serving) cell, the WTRU may apply the second DRX cycle 405a, 405b.

[0153] In an example, one or more POs may be skipped. For example, skipping the paging occasions and / or configurations on the (e.g., second) DRX cycle 405a, 405b may imply that the WTRU monitors paging, POs, PDCCHs, and / or paging PDCCHs on a different (e.g., second) DRX cycle (e.g., NESDRX cycle 406). If the WTRU monitors in the second DRX cycle 406a, 406b at 410b, 410c, 414b, 414c, the WTRU may skip monitoring at 411, 412, and / or 413 (e.g., in the second DRX cycle 405a, 405b). The WTRU may determine that a subset of PRACH resources is applicable to one or more DRX cycles (e.g., for use in paging reception). For random access (RA) initiated based on (e.g., after) paging reception, the WTRU may (e.g., only) use and / or select one or more PRACH resources (e.g., RO and / or preamble) associated with the monitored DRX cycle in which the WTRU is paged.

[0154] Paging may be performed based on the NES state. One or more of the following may apply. In the event that (e.g., only) a cell is in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states (e.g., on and / or sleep), then the WTRU may monitor for paging from the cell and / or may (e.g., otherwise) skip wakeups on the DRX cycle of the cell that coincide with timing when the cell is in one or more other availability states (e.g., off, deep sleep, and / or dormant). The WTRU may monitor for gNB wakeup signaling associated with DRX and / or paging (e.g., power-saving DCI (DCP)) in (e.g., only) a subset of the availability states of the cell (e.g., on or sleep). For example, the DCP may include a DCI with a CRC scrambled by a power-saving RNTI (PS-RNTI). The WTRU may use (e.g., for power saving purposes) the PS-RNTI to determine whether the WTRU monitors the PDCCH at the next occurrence of the connected mode DRX on duration.

[0155] In an example, a WTRU may be configured to send Tracking Area Updates (TAUs) and / or RAN Paging Area Updates (RAUs) on (e.g., only on) a subset of cells that are in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states. For example, the WTRU may send TAUs and / or RAUs on (e.g., only on) a subset of cells (e.g., macro cells) based on (e.g., according to) the availability state (e.g., in the case where the camped cell switches to a certain availability state (such as off or deep sleep)). The WTRU may avoid sending one or more TAUs on capacity boosting cells and / or cells whose determined availability state is off, dormant, and / or sleeping. For example, if the WTRU performs mobility and / or cell reselection to a cell in an NES state, the WTRU may trigger and / or send a RAU and / or TAU, which may be based on (e.g., dependent on) the change in NES state between the camped cell and the reselected cell. For example, if the WTRU reselects from an NES cell (e.g., an NES-only cell) to a non-NES cell (e.g., a cell that is not capable of NES and / or serves one or more legacy WTRUs), the WTRU may trigger a RAU and / or TAU. For example, if the WTRU reselects from an NES cell (e.g., an NES-only cell) to a non-NES cell (e.g., a cell that is not capable of NES and / or serves one or more legacy WTRUs), the WTRU may trigger a RAU and / or TAU even if the WTRU maintains the same paging and / or tracking area. The WTRU may determine whether a cell is an NES-only cell (e.g., a cell that serves only NES-capable WTRUs) or a non-NES-only cell (e.g., a cell that serves both legacy WTRUs and NES-capable WTRUs) based on broadcast signaling (e.g., based on SIB information). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine (e.g., implicitly determine) whether a cell is a NES-only cell or a non-NES-only cell based on one or more SSB reception characteristics (e.g., when receiving NES SSB, on-demand SSB and / or SSB, NES-only timing).

[0156] Paging to sleeping gNBs and / or paging from alternative cells may be reduced. One or more of the following may apply. A paging message may be transmitted by the core network to (e.g., all) gNBs in a RAN paging / notification area (e.g., for inactive WTRUs) and / or tracking area. One or more gNBs in the same RAN paging area may send the same paging message (e.g., even if the WTRU is not in that cell). For example, if gNBs in the same RAN paging area send the same paging message, one or more (e.g., many) gNBs may wake up to send the paging (e.g., if some gNBs are in NES state, sleeping state, and / or dormant state).

[0157] If the WTRU's current best server (e.g., camped cell, selected cell, best serving cell based on one or more L3 channel measurements) is in the NES state, the WTRU may skip monitoring PO on that cell (e.g., suspend PDCCH monitoring and / or monitor PDCCH using a NESDRX cycle). For example, if the WTRU determines that the current / previous NES state of the serving gNB is in a particular availability state, the WTRU may ignore the configured and / or default PO cycle and / or monitor paging using a NESDRX cycle. Additionally or alternatively, if the WTRU has not received an updated NES state change command, and / or if a timer associated with the availability state change has expired and / or expired, the WTRU may ignore the configured and / or default PO cycle and / or monitor paging using a NESDRX cycle.

[0158] The WTRU may continue to use the DRX cycle and / or may wake up to monitor paging from a different or alternative serving cell (e.g., a cell in CA with the camping cell and / or anchor cell). For example, in an idle state and / or inactive state, when the best serving cell is in sleep mode and / or dormant mode (e.g., camping cell, selected cell), the WTRU may measure and / or monitor one or more signals from one or more alternative serving cells. When the serving cell (e.g., camping cell, selected cell, and / or best measured cell) is in (e.g., NES) state, the WTRU may receive an indication from the serving cell indicating which alternative cell(s) to monitor for paging. The WTRU may be configured (e.g., preconfigured, predefined) to monitor one or more (e.g., certain) designated cells related to the cell in the NES state, such as an alternative cell, a cell that is part of the same gNB (e.g., a cell in CA with the camping cell), and / or a cell from a secondary node (SN) and / or a master node (MN) (e.g., a cell in DC with the camping cell). The WTRU may monitor paging based on the DRX cycle associated with the monitored alternative cell. The WTRU may monitor paging on an alternative serving cell (e.g., an alternative best serving cell, a second cell, such as in CA; an anchor cell; and / or a non-selected cell), a neighboring cell of the best server, and / or a candidate cell for handover (e.g., if the resident cell or the selected cell is in a particular availability state, such as sleep, dormant, and / or off). For example, if the best serving cell (e.g., the resident cell, the selected cell) is in one or more availability states (e.g., sleep, dormant, and / or off), the WTRU may monitor paging on the candidate cell for handover. If the WTRU detects the presence of a DL signal (e.g., SSB, PDCCH, PBCH, and / or RS) associated with the best serving cell (e.g., the resident cell, the selected cell), for example, within a period of time before the PO, the WTRU may monitor paging on the alternative cell.

[0159] The WTRU may determine an alternative cell for monitoring paging based on one or more of the following. The WTRU may determine to monitor paging based on one or more measured channel conditions. For example, the WTRU may monitor paging from one or more alternative cells, the one or more alternative cells being from (e.g., only from) a cell measured to have a measured channel condition above a configured threshold (e.g., RSRP and / or RSRQ above a threshold). The WTRU may determine to monitor paging from one or more alternative cells based on a corresponding availability state associated with the corresponding alternative cell. The WTRU may monitor paging from an alternative cell when (e.g., only) the cell is in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states. The WTRU may determine to monitor paging from an alternative cell based on receiving a paging PDCCH. For example, if the WTRU detects a PDCCH from an alternative cell, the WTRU may monitor such a cell. The WTRU may determine to monitor paging from the alternative cell based on receiving a synchronization signal and / or RS signal associated with the alternative cell.

[0160] If the WTRU is downlink synchronized to an alternative cell (e.g., based on reading and / or receiving PSS / SSS, SIB, SI and / or PBCH associated with the cell), the WTRU may (e.g., further) monitor the alternative cell. The WTRU may determine to monitor paging from the alternative cell based on an indication received by the WTRU. For example, the indication may be received by the WTRU via one or more previous paging messages (e.g., a portion of one or more previous paging messages) and / or signaled in one or more availability state change commands (e.g., and / or inferred from these availability state change commands). The WTRU may determine to monitor paging from the alternative cell based on the RRC connection state of the WTRU (e.g., whether the WTRU is in an idle state and / or an inactive state). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may determine to monitor paging from the alternative cell based on whether the WTRU maintains its context.

[0161] The WTRU may determine (e.g., identify) a measured cell (e.g., the best measured cell) and / or a selected cell with the highest (e.g., best) L3 measurement (e.g., RSRP). The WTRU may reside on a cell that does not have the highest (e.g., best) measured channel condition (e.g., RSRP and / or RSRQ). The WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other selected cells, for example, based on one or more of the following. If the WTRU is in an RRC idle state and / or an RRC inactive state, the WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other selected cells. The WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other selected cells based on the type of data being sent. For example, if one or more data radio bearers (DRBs) are recovered (e.g., DRBs configured for small data, DRBs configured from low latency communications, and / or DRBs configured by the network for this purpose), the WTRU may monitor paging on one or more selected cells. The WTRU may monitor paging on one or more alternative cells based on the type of active DRBs, services and / or QoS (e.g., configured, activated and / or resumed flows). The WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other alternative cells based on the WTRU type and / or capabilities.

[0162] The WTRU may determine a differentiated P-RNTI for the NES (e.g., or use an alternative P-RNTI). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may use the same P-RNTI for the NES (e.g., if the best serving cell (such as a camped cell or a selected cell) is determined to be in a particular availability state (such as sleep, dormant and / or off)). The WTRU may use the alternative P-RNTI for DCI reception. For example, the alternative P-RNTI may be selected based on the cell for which the WTRU monitors paging. The WTRU may receive an indication of the cell ID (e.g., pointing to the cell ID) from which the PDSCH will be received and / or the timing of the paging message via a paging message (e.g., in a short message, part of a paging message). The WTRU may use the NES group RNTI for the reception of paging (e.g., if paging is monitored on a non-best serving cell and / or a non-serving cell). The WTRU may monitor a second paging search space (e.g., and / or coreset) associated with paging reception on a second serving cell (e.g., a second serving cell in CA, a non-best serving cell, and / or an alternative cell / anchor cell). The WTRU may be configured with a second paging search space. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may acquire the second paging search space via system information and / or broadcast signaling of the second (e.g., non-best) serving cell.

[0163] A WTRU may receive configuration information. A WTRU may be configured with a paging subgroup associated with a NES (e.g., a WTRUES subgroup). A WTRU may receive configuration information including an indication that a second cell is to be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when a first cell is selected as a camped cell and the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state. The configuration information may indicate a first PEI subgroup and a second PEI subgroup. The configuration information may indicate that the first cell is associated with the second cell. The WTRU may be configured to monitor PEI while monitoring for paging. The WTRU may be configured to monitor PEI at a different time (e.g., a separate time) than monitoring for paging. One or more WTRU NES subgroups may be cell-specific and / or may be applicable to WTRUs served by a cell in a NES state (e.g., may be applicable to all WTRUs served by a cell in a NES state). One or more WTRU NES subgroups may be applicable if a serving cell (e.g., a best serving cell, a camped cell, and / or a selected cell) is in a NES state and / or an availability state (e.g., off, sleeping, and / or dormant). One or more (e.g., each) subgroup may be associated with one or more availability states. The WTRU may monitor a paging early indication (PEI) corresponding to such a subgroup. For example, the PEI may include one or more of the following: receiving (e.g., or not receiving) an existence indication signal; receiving (e.g., or not receiving) an NES state / network availability state change command and / or broadcast signaling; determining that the best serving cell is in a given availability state (e.g., off, sleeping, and / or dormant). The WTRU may monitor one or more POs based on receiving a PEI from an alternative and / or non-optimal serving cell (e.g., after the reception). Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may monitor one or more POs from an alternative cell and / or non-optimal serving cell based on receiving a PEI with a specific subgroup (e.g., an NES paging subgroup).

[0164] For example, if the subgroup to which the WTRU belongs is paged (e.g., as indicated via the associated PEI), the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH in its PO for paging. If the WTRU cannot find its subgroup ID within the PEI configuration in the cell and / or if the WTRU cannot monitor the associated PEI opportunity corresponding to its PO, the WTRU may monitor the paging in its PO.

[0165] The WTRU may monitor paging on a non-serving cell (e.g., a second cell, a non-selected cell, and / or a non-best serving cell) having a subgroup ID associated with the best serving cell. For example, if the best serving cell is in an NES state and / or in a given availability state associated with a subgroup, the WTRU may monitor paging on the non-serving cell. Under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell (e.g., the non-serving cell) indicates a first PEI subgroup, the WTRU may monitor paging via the second cell, and / or under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates a second PEI subgroup, the WTRU may monitor paging via the first cell. For example, when paging is received via a second cell (e.g., a non-serving cell), the WTRU may send an indication indicating the identity of the first cell via the second cell (e.g., the non-serving cell). For example, if the WTRU receives a paging indication from a different cell indicating an upcoming paging on the best serving cell (e.g., a PEI with a subgroup associated with the best serving cell), the WTRU may monitor for paging on a PO associated with the best serving cell (e.g., on a PO associated with a NESDRX paging cycle).

[0166] One or more paging frame (PF) and / or PO determinations for the gNB in ​​the NES state may be performed. One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may determine that a paging frame (PF) occurs when the system frame number is (SFN) mod T = (Tdiv N) × (WTRU_ID mod N). The WTRU may determine one or more of the following: DRX cycle length, an alternative value of T, and / or an applicable DRX cycle from an active availability state, such as Figure 4 As shown. The WTRU may be configured with non-default and / or NES values ​​to apply to T (e.g., DRX cycle length). The WTRU may scale T by a NES factor, which may be configured by the network (e.g., if the serving cell is in an NES state). The WTRU may determine an alternative value for N, for example, based on (e.g., according to) an active availability state. The WTRU may be configured with non-default and / or NES values ​​to apply to N. For example, if the serving gNB is in an NES state (e.g., a non-default availability state), the WTRU may determine a value for N (e.g., and / or scale the value of N). In an example, the WTRU may scale the configured value of N and / or T (e.g., a default N configured in the SIB) by a ratio between a default SSB periodicity and an active SSB periodicity (e.g., and / or a SIB periodicity other than an SSB).

[0167] The WTRU may be configured with non-default and / or NES values ​​to use as the WTRU_ID. For example, the WTRU may determine the PF and / or one or more POs of a first (e.g., serving, camped, best) cell and / or a second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on the NES-specific WTRU_ID. If the serving gNB is in a NW energy saving state (e.g., a non-default availability state), the WTRU may determine the value of the WTRU_ID (e.g., scale the WTRU-ID, add an offset to the WTRU-ID, etc.). In an example, if the WTRU determines that the camped cell, anchor cell, and / or serving cell is in a specific NES state (e.g., sleep and / or off), the WTRU may use the NES WTRU_ID value. For example, if the WTRU receives a NES state change indication for the camped cell, anchor cell, and / or serving cell, the WTRU may use the NES WTRU_ID value. The WTRU may scale the configured values ​​of N and / or T (e.g., the default N configured in the SIB), for example, based on a ratio between a default SSB periodicity and an active SSB periodicity (e.g., and / or a SIB periodicity other than SSB). The WTRU may scale the configured values ​​of N or T (e.g., the default N configured in the SIB), for example, based on a ratio between a default SIB periodicity and an active SIB periodicity. The WTRU may (e.g., further) check the criteria for PF occurrence in the event that (e.g., only) the WTRU detects an SSB, presence indication, and / or DL ​​signal before the SFN and / or frame start and / or part of the same frame. The WTRU may skip PDCCH monitoring on that frame.

[0168] The WTRU may apply an offset to the SFN to determine the paging frame. For example, the WTRU may subtract the gNB sleep counter from the SFN number, whereby the gNB sleep counter may include one or more increments for one or more (e.g., each) frames in which the gNB is in the NES state. If the serving cell is not in the energy saving state, the WTRU may set the counter to zero.

[0169] One or more PDCCH monitoring occasions within the PO may be adjusted. One or more of the following may apply. For example, if the serving cell is sending a truncated version of an SSB (e.g., an NES SSB and / or a partial SSB), the WTRU may skip monitoring a subset of PDCCH monitoring occasions associated with one or more (e.g., multiple) beams. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that a short message (e.g., and / or a paging TB including the short message) associated with a multi-beam cell is sent on a subset of default monitoring occasions (e.g., one default monitoring occasion) (e.g., instead of the default repetition on one or more (e.g., all) SSBs).

[0170] The WTRU may be configured with an alternative search space and / or RNTI (e.g., a non-default and / or NES search space and / or RNTI) for PDCCH paging monitoring, which may be based on the paging cell. For example, the WTRU may monitor one or more alternative values ​​of firstPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionOfPO and / or nrofPDCCH-MonitoringOccasionPerSSB-InPO. The WTRU may monitor the PDCCH based on the one or more alternative values ​​(e.g., and / or NES). For example, if the serving cell is in an NES state (e.g., if the WTRU determines that the serving cell is in a particular availability state), the WTRU may monitor the NES search space for paging. If the WTRU determines that paging is delayed, the WTRU may use an alternative NES search space, which may be based on detecting (e.g., or not detecting) the presence of a signal, as described herein.

[0171] In an example, if a NES paging search space is configured, the WTRU may determine the timing of one or more (e.g., a certain number) paging occasions and / or those POs within a frame. The WTRU may determine which PDCCH monitoring occasions, POs, and / or which PFs to monitor based on the reception of PDCCH on such search space and / or RNTI. For example, the WTRU may monitor POs and / or which PFs using different DRX cycles (e.g., NES drx cycles) based on the reception of paging DCIs (e.g., paging DCIs addressed to the P-RNTI, paging DCIs addressed to the NES-RNTI, and / or paging DCIs addressed to an alternative NES search space). The WTRU may determine the timing of the paging occasions to be in the portion of the frame that is aligned with the SSB transmissions of the gNB. If a NES paging search space is configured, the WTRU may determine the value of i_s (e.g., the timeslot number in which the paging occasion occurs).

[0172] The WTRU may determine a different number of PDCCH monitoring opportunities for each PO. For example, if NES paging search space is configured, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a different number of PDCCH monitoring opportunities for each PO. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the number of PDCCH monitoring opportunities for each PO is the same as the number of SSBs (e.g., and / or a scalar of the number of SSBs) sent by the gNB in ​​an active availability state.

[0173] The WTRU may skip PDCCH monitoring of one or more PDCCH monitoring opportunities associated with a default SSB that is not transmitted (e.g., due to the gNB being in a particular availability state). For example, if the serving cell is in a particular availability state (e.g., sleep, dormant, and / or off), the WTRU may skip PDCCH monitoring in one or more POs and / or PFs. For example, the WTRU may monitor (e.g., only monitor) one or more PDCCH monitoring opportunities corresponding to received SSBs (e.g., with measured channel conditions above a threshold). The WTRU may not monitor (e.g., may skip monitoring) one or more other PDCCH monitoring opportunities (e.g., PDCCH monitoring opportunities where no SSB is detected on the associated beam).

[0174] The WTRU may determine that a subset of SSBs within an SSB burst are not transmitted and / or are muted. For example, if the difference in measurements (e.g., L1 SS-RSRP) changes and / or differs by a margin greater than a configured threshold and / or a specified threshold, the WTRU may determine that the SSBs in the burst are lost. The WTRU may (e.g., further) determine whether the SSB is transmitted based on one or more channel conditions (e.g., absolute channel condition measurements associated with the SSB). For example, the WTRU may determine whether to transmit the SSB based on whether one or more channel conditions are greater than or less than a configured threshold and / or a specified threshold. For example, the WTRU may measure SSB1 with x dB and / or SSB2 with y dB. For example, if the difference of subtracting y dB from x dB is greater than a first threshold (e.g., (xy)>first threshold), the WTRU may determine that SSB2 is lost. If x is greater than a second threshold, the WTRU may determine that SSB1 is transmitted.

[0175] For example, if the WTRU detects one or more SSBs associated with NES (e.g., simplified SSBs, truncated SSBs, SSBs with only PSS, SSBs without PBCH, etc.), the WTRU may determine that one or more SSBs within a burst are not being transmitted. For example, if the WTRU detects PSS and / or SSS using differentiated sequences for NES and / or NES states, the WTRU may determine that the SSB burst is using a different structure for NES. For example, the WTRU may determine the NES state of a first (e.g., serving, best, camped) cell based on a PSS transmission and / or a reception of an SSS transmission. The WTRU may determine the first (e.g., serving, camped, best) cell and / or the second (e.g., non-serving) cell based on one or more characteristics associated with one or more SSBs and / or based on a received broadcast signaling. The WTRU may be configured with an alternative SSB structure for NES, whereby the number of beams and / or SSBs within a burst is reduced and / or added to the WTRU (e.g., by configuration and / or by dedicated signaling such as RRC and / or DCI).

[0176] Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may be configured with an alternative SSB structure in the broadcast information (e.g., in a SIB associated with the NES). For example, the configured alternative SSB structure may include an NES SSB. For example, the alternative SSB structure (e.g., NES SSB) may indicate the WTRU, one or more (e.g., a certain number of) SSBs per burst, and / or a subset of SSBs that may or may not be sent in one or more NES states. The configuration of the alternative NES SSB structure may be configured and / or determined based on the NES state. The configuration of the alternative NES SSB structure may be configured and / or determined based on receiving NES state change signaling. In an example, the WTRU may read a SIB IE with an SSB position in a burst and / or may determine whether one or more SSBs will be silenced in one or more NES states. In an example, the WTRU may read a SIB IE with an SSB position in a burst and / or may determine whether an SSB exists in one or more NES states.

[0177] For example, paging may be delayed based on detection (e.g., or non-detection) of a cell signal. One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may, for example, skip paging until the next NESDRX opportunity upon receiving a signal indicating that one or more (e.g., all) pages from a cell are delayed until the next NESDRX opportunity.

[0178] For example, if the WTRU has not detected a signal from the serving cell (e.g., a presence indication and / or a presence signal), the WTRU may not wake up (e.g., skip wake up) for paging. For example, if the WTRU fails to detect a presence indication signal, the WTRU may skip one or more DRX opportunities (e.g., PF and / or PO) until the next NESDRX opportunity. The WTRU may maintain a counter that may be used to determine whether the WTRU may skip one or more (e.g., remaining) POs until the next NESDRX cycle.

[0179] The timing of one or more subsequent paging and / or SI transmission occasions may be determined, for example, based on whether the WTRU detects a transmission from the network. For example, if the WTRU receives a DCI for paging, presence signal, and / or for SI transmission during the wake-up time, the WTRU may determine future paging and / or SI transmission occasions (e.g., according to a default set of timings). For example, if the WTRU (e.g., only) receives a signal indicating an acquired channel during the wake-up time (e.g., and does not receive any other signal), the WTRU may determine to skip a subset of one or more future paging and / or SI transmission occasions. For example, if the WTRU (e.g., only) receives a signal indicating an acquired channel during the wake-up time (e.g., and does not receive any other signal), the WTRU may determine the timing according to a different set of configuration parameters (e.g., non-default and / or NESDRX cycles). If the WTRU does not receive a transmission during the wake-up time, the WTRU may determine future paging or SI transmission occasions according to a third function (e.g., and / or a function using a third set of one or more inputs).

[0180] The WTRU may receive a paging delay indication and / or signal. For example, the WTRU may receive a paging delay indication from a cell that is different from the best serving cell (e.g., a camped cell, a selected cell). The WTRU may determine, for example, based on receiving the paging delay indication, that paging will be delayed and / or postponed for one or more paging occasions. For example, a bit in a short message and / or PEI may indicate that the WTRU is to monitor one or more additional paging occasions (e.g., even if a P-RNTI is received). A bit in the short message may indicate the cell that the WTRU is to monitor for paging reception and / or PDSCH reception. In an example, the WTRU may skip one or more POs (e.g., not wake up from DRX to monitor POs) unless the WTRU is informed (e.g., explicitly informed via PEI that only the WTRU has received PEI) to wake up for POs. If the WTRU determines that the cell is in a given availability state, the WTRU may skip one or more POs. If the time elapsed since the last availability state change (e.g., and / or state change command reception) is greater than (e.g., or less than) a (e.g., configured) threshold, the WTRU may skip the PO. For example, the WTRU may start and / or resume monitoring one or more (e.g., regular) POs in response to receiving a PEI (e.g., a new and / or updated PEI). One or more of the following may apply. Based on the WTRU's determination that the cell is in a given availability state (e.g., after the determination), in response to receiving a PEI (e.g., a new and / or updated PEI), the WTRU may start and / or resume monitoring one or more (e.g., regular) POs. If the time elapsed since the last availability state change (e.g., and / or state change command reception) is greater than (e.g., or less than) a (e.g., configured) threshold, the WTRU may start and / or resume monitoring one or more (e.g., regular) POs in response to receiving a PEI (e.g., a new and / or updated PEI). For example, if a state change command, the WTRU may start and / or resume monitoring one or more (e.g., regular) POs based on (e.g., in response to) receiving a PEI (e.g., a new and / or updated PEI).

[0181] The WTRU may determine that paging is delayed and / or skipped on one or more cells (e.g., one or more cells in CA with the camped cell) based on an indication received in broadcast signaling (e.g., indicated in the MIB and / or one or more other SIBs) and / or based on one or more characteristics of a received SSB (e.g., a NES SSB). For example, the WTRU may receive (e.g., in the MIB or SIB) an indication of NES paging occasions and / or frame timing, an indication to skip decoding of a paging PDSCH and / or PDCCH, an indication that paging is delayed, and / or an indication that the WTRU uses a different DRX cycle (e.g., a NES paging cycle) to monitor for paging. The WTRU may receive (e.g., in the MIB or SIB) an indication of a wake-up indication and / or signal (e.g., to monitor one or more upcoming paging occasions and / or frames, including an indicator for paging). The WTRU may receive broadcast signaling and / or the WTRU may receive one or more SSB transmissions. The WTRU may determine, for example, based on one or more received POs and / or one or more received SSB transmissions that one or more SSB transmissions and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on a first (e.g., serving, camped, best) cell.

[0182] The WTRU may send a RA and / or WUS in response to a paging. One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may respond with an UL indication (e.g., RACH and / or NES WUS) to indicate to the network, for example, which cell the WTRU resides in and / or the best measured cell (e.g., and / or the resided cell, the selected cell) when a paging is received. For example, the UL indication may be a NES wake-up signal, a RACH, a PUCCH, and / or a PUSCH. For example, when a paging is received via a first cell, the WTRU may send a signal via the first cell. The WTRU may indicate the identity of the first cell by sending a signal via the first cell.

[0183] The UL indication may include indication information to the network (e.g., a portion of the UCI, the RRC message portion of the MAC CE and / or the PUSCH payload). The UL indication may indicate the WTRU's best serving cell and / or the best measurement cell (e.g., the camped cell and / or the selected cell). For example, when the paging is received via the second cell, the WTRU may send an indication indicating the identity of the first cell via the second cell. The indication may include an RRC message, such as an RRC connection recovery request and / or an RRC connection reestablishment request. The UL indication may include the WTRU's identity and / or RNTI (e.g., C-RNTI and / or inactive RNTI (I-RNTI) and / or international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)). For example, if the WTRU is in an inactive state and / or has one or more resources suitable for small data transmission, the WTRU may include an RRC connection recovery request. For example, if the WTRU is in idle mode, the WTRU may include an RRC reestablishment request. The WTRU may monitor PDSCH and / or PDCCH reception based on the transmission of a UL signal indication (e.g., after such transmission) and / or based on the successful completion of a RA procedure (e.g., after such successful completion) (e.g., to receive a DL TB, paging message and / or uplink grant).

[0184] The WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS) in response to a paging. One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS) in response to a paging received from a first cell that is different from a second cell on which the uplink signal and / or indication is sent (e.g., the paging is received from a non-optimal cell, a second cell, a non-selected cell, a non-serving cell, and / or an alternative cell). For example, the first cell may include: a cell from which the WTRU monitors paging in a default (e.g., non-NES) state, a last connected cell, a cell with the best L1 and / or L3 measurements (e.g., a cell with the best measured SS-RSRP), and / or a cell from which the last availability state change command was received. The first cell may indicate a second cell. For example, the second cell may be determined (e.g., predetermined) to be part of a cell in the same gNB as the first cell and / or in the same cell group as the first cell. The second cell may be in dual connectivity (DC) with the first cell (e.g., the first cell may be in the MN and / or the second cell may be in the SN, or vice versa). The second cell may be in CA with the first cell (e.g., part of the same MAC entity as the first cell). The WTRU may determine (e.g., determine itself, determine its own) a second (e.g., non-serving) cell, for example based on one or more channel measurements and / or one or more handover candidate configurations. The association between the first cell and the second cell may be configured by the network (e.g., via a dedicated and / or broadcast signaling portion of the SI).

[0185] The WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS) in response to receiving a PEI. For example, the received PEI may include one or more of the following: receiving a PEI with a configured NES subgroup; receiving a PEI with a subgroup associated with an availability status of the best measured cell (e.g., and / or camped cell, selected cell); and / or receiving a PEI with a subgroup corresponding to the WTRU's serving cell / best measured cell.

[0186] If the best measured cell is in a certain availability state and / or NES state, the WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS). For example, if one or more measured channel conditions to the paging cell are less than (e.g., or greater than) a threshold, the WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS). For example, if one or more measured channel conditions to the best measured cell (e.g., and / or the camped cell and / or the selected cell) are greater than (e.g., or less than) a threshold, the WTRU may send an UL signal (e.g., RA and / or WUS).

[0187] If the L3 measurement condition is below (eg, or greater than) a threshold (eg, L3 RSRP and / or SINR), the WTRU may send a UL signal (eg, RA and / or WUS).

[0188] If the L2 measurement condition is below (eg, or greater than) a threshold (eg, Qin, block error rate (BLER), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR), the WTRU may send a UL signal (eg, RA and / or WUS).

[0189] The WTRU may send UL signals (eg, RA and / or WUS) based on whether the WTRU is camped on a cell to which the uplink signals and / or indications are sent.

[0190] The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that an availability state has changed (e.g., and / or that a certain availability state is active (such as on)) for a cell on which an UL signal is sent. For example, when sending such an uplink signal, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the availability state of the cell has changed based on receiving a network response to the UL signal (e.g., at the time of the reception, after the reception) and / or based on a successful completion (e.g., at the time of the successful completion) of a procedure related to the sent uplink signal (e.g., successful RA completion and / or WUS reception).

[0191] The WTRU may send a NES wake-up signal. For example, if the WTRU is camped on a cell and / or if the WTRU is in an inactive state (e.g., after receiving a paging from a second cell), the WTRU may send a NES wake-up signal. The NES wake-up signal and / or indication may be sent on one or more PUSCH, PUCCH, and / or PRACH resources.

[0192] In an example, the network may not know in which cell the WTRU resides and / or is located (e.g., the best cell measured by the WTRU). For example, if the network does not know the cell in which the WTRU resides and / or is located, the network may page the WTRU in one or more (e.g., some) cells that are in an on state. The WTRU may respond, for example, based on receiving a page (e.g., from a second cell different from the first cell) (e.g., upon such reception), with an UL signal that indicates to the network which cell and / or the best cell the WTRU is residing in (e.g., a RACH on the best cell). The network may turn on and / or change the availability state associated with the cell (e.g., the cell in which the WTRU resides) and / or page the WTRU on the cell (e.g., and / or the network may send a PDSCH transmission to the WTRU) (e.g., such as Figure 5 shown).

[0193] Figure 5 An example associated with a sample paging procedure in the NES state 500 is illustrated, including paging reception from a second cell. The WTRU may receive configuration information including an indication that a second cell is to be used for PEI monitoring when a first cell is selected as a camped cell and / or the first cell is in the NES state. The configuration information may indicate a first PEI subgroup and / or a second PEI subgroup. The configuration information may indicate that a first (e.g., camped, best, serving) cell is associated with a second (e.g., non-serving) cell.

[0194] At 502, the WTRU may determine that the best serving cell is in an NES state (e.g., sleeping, dormant, and / or off). For example, the WTRU may determine that the best serving cell is in an NES state based on receiving an NES state switch command (e.g., a group common DCI) and / or not detecting a periodic presence signal associated with the cell (e.g., SSB, RS, and / or PDCCH).

[0195] The WTRU may monitor the PDCCH for paging on a sleeping serving cell using a configured non-default NESDRX configuration, for example, based on a determination that the cell is in an associated availability state (e.g., after such determination). The WTRU may skip one or more on-durations (e.g., one or more default on-durations) that are not aligned with gNB activity time (e.g., not overlapping with and / or not within a time from SSB and / or PDCCH reception). For example, the WTRU may monitor one or more specific PDCCH opportunities (e.g., only PDCCH opportunities associated with the cell NES state). For example, if the serving cell is sending a deleted version of the SSB, the WTRU may skip monitoring a subset of PDCCH monitoring opportunities (e.g., PDCCH monitoring opportunities within POs associated with multiple beams). For example, the WTRU may determine that a subset of PDCCH POs of the second DRX cycle are not sent based on a determination that one or more SSBs and / or one or more POs are delayed and / or skipped on a first (e.g., serving, resident, best) cell.

[0196] The WTRU may skip monitoring one or more of the next on-durations (e.g., the next default on-durations) on the best cell and / or the serving cell, for example, until the next NES on-duration. For example, the WTRU may skip monitoring one or more of the next default on-durations on the best / serving cell based on receiving (e.g., or not receiving) an indication (e.g., from a serving cell) to monitor one or more of the on-durations. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may skip monitoring one or more of the next default on-durations on the best cell and / or the serving cell based on receiving (e.g., after the reception) or not receiving a DL signal with a strength above a threshold from the serving cell (e.g., the presence indication).

[0197] At 504, the WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other cells. The WTRU may monitor paging on the best cell and / or the WTRU may monitor paging on one or more other (e.g., non-best) cells. For example, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH for paging on the second cell (e.g., non-best cell). The WTRU may monitor on a search space associated with the second cell. The WTRU may monitor the PDCCH for paging from the second cell using a P-RNTI (e.g., the same P-RNTI and / or an alternative P-RNTI associated with the NES state). The WTRU may monitor the PEI via the second cell, for example, based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state. The WTRU may monitor the PEI having a cell-specific subgroup and / or a NES subgroup from the first cell (e.g., serving cell) and / or the second cell. The WTRU may monitor the next on-duration on a first cell (e.g., a serving cell or a best measured cell) based on receiving an indication from a second cell (e.g., a non-best cell) that includes a PEI associated with a NES subgroup and / or the subgroup corresponds to the first cell and / or a cell in an NES state. The WTRU may, for example, skip one or more on-durations and / or POs associated with other cells (e.g., until the next NES on-duration of the first cell) upon receiving such an indication.

[0198] At 506, the WTRU may receive paging from a second cell (e.g., a non-best cell), but may receive paging from a first cell 512 (e.g., a serving cell or best measured cell) (e.g., sent via PDSCH). For example, the WTRU may receive a PEI via the second cell. Under the condition that the PEI received via the second (e.g., non-serving) cell indicates a second PEI subgroup, the WTRU may monitor paging via the first (e.g., best, resided, serving) cell. For example, when a paging is received via the first cell (e.g., best, resided, serving), the WTRU may send a signal via the first (e.g., best, resided, serving) cell. The signal may include an indication of the identity of the first (e.g., best, resided, serving) cell.

[0199] At 508, the WTRU may send one or more UL signals and / or information. The WTRU may send on one or more UL signals (e.g., RACH, PUSCH, and / or PUCCH resources) associated with a cell availability state. For example, the WTRU may send UL signals and / or information based on receiving a paging on a second cell (e.g., a non-optimal cell) (e.g., at the time of the reception). One or more of the following may apply. The WTRU may transmit a RACH transmission on a paging cell (e.g., and / or the best cell). For example, if a RACH is sent on a first cell in an NES state, the WTRU may determine (e.g., select) one or more PRACH resources associated with the NES state. For example, if one or more measured channel conditions are above a threshold (e.g., a configured and / or predetermined threshold), the WTRU may send a RACH on a second cell (e.g., a paging cell). For example, based on receiving a paging on a second cell (e.g., a non-best cell) (e.g., at the time of this reception), the WTRU may send a NES WUS on a cell such as the best cell (e.g., if the best cell is sleeping). For example, based on receiving a paging on a second cell (e.g., a non-best cell) (e.g., at the time of this reception), the WTRU may send a MAC CE and / or UCI (e.g., a cell ID in a Msg3 payload and / or MsgA) indicating the best serving cell. For example, based on receiving a paging on a second cell (e.g., a non-best cell) (e.g., at the time of this reception), the WTRU may send an RRC message (e.g., an RRC recovery request, an RRC re-establishment request, and / or an RRC reconfiguration request).

[0200] At 510, for example, the WTRU may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) that may indicate that the RA was successfully completed. The WTRU may monitor the PDSCH on the indicated cell (e.g., at the next NES on duration). The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) based on receiving a response from the first cell (e.g., at the time of the reception) that the associated availability state has changed, for example, to a default availability state and / or an on availability state.

[0201] At 514, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the best cell is on, for example, based on receiving (e.g., after receiving) a paging PDSCH. For example, when a paging is received via the first (e.g., camped, serving, best measured) cell, the WTRU may determine that the first (e.g., camped, serving, best measured) cell is no longer in the NES state.

[0202] Figure 6 A second example diagram associated with a sample paging procedure in an NES state 600 is depicted. At 602, an alternative paging cell (e.g., a second, non-serving cell) may be associated by configuration, as described herein. The WTRU may receive configuration information indicating that a first cell (e.g., a camped cell, a best cell, a serving cell) is associated with a second (e.g., non-serving) cell. At 604, the WTRU may determine (e.g., as described herein) that the best cell and / or the camped cell is in an NES state (e.g., via broadcast, paging, one or more measurements, etc.).

[0203] At 606, the WTRU may monitor the PEI on the alternative (e.g., second, non-serving) cell (e.g., as described herein). The second (e.g., alternative, non-serving) cell may be associated with a DRX cycle that is different from the DRX cycle associated with the first (e.g., serving, camped, best) cell (e.g., as described herein). Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown).

[0204] At 608, the WTRU may detect the PEI. The PEI may indicate one or more configured subgroups. For example, the PEI may indicate one of two configured subgroups. The PEI may indicate one or more configured subgroups. The one or more configured subgroups may include a NES specific subgroup and / or a subgroup for camping on a cell.

[0205] At 610a, the WTRU may monitor for paging on an alternative cell, for example, if the indicated subgroup (e.g., indicated by the PEI at 608) is a NES-specific subgroup. If the WTRU is paged, the WTRU may perform a RA to the alternative cell. If the WTRU is paged, the WTRU may indicate the camped cell via the preamble / resources and / or via the msgA and / or msg3 payload.

[0206] At 610b, for example, if the indicated subgroup (e.g., indicated by the PEI at 608) is a subgroup of the camped cell, the WTRU may monitor for paging on the camped cell. For example, if the WTRU is paged, the WTRU may perform a RA to the camped cell. For example, if the WTRU is paged, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that the NES state on the camped cell has ended (e.g., as indicated by the PEI at 608). Figure 5 shown).

[0207] When the network is in the NES state, the WTRU may receive and / or acquire SI. One or more of the following may apply. For a WTRU in an idle state and / or an inactive state, the WTRU may attempt to acquire SI, for example, at one or more different times when the network is in the NES state and / or another given availability state. The WTRU may determine a modified timing for acquiring SI and / or a subset of one or more SI transmissions (e.g., a subset of SIBs and / or other SI). For example, the timing and / or periodicity of such SI acquisition (e.g., the remaining SI) may be obtained by reading the minimum SI (e.g., which may be acquired using a default periodicity). The minimum SI may have the same periodicity as one or more other (e.g., legacy) periodicities, but may be different from the periodicity of other SI and / or remaining SIBs. The minimum SI may point to an alternative NES SI periodicity. A flag may be broadcast (e.g., in the minimum SI and / or in the resources used to receive PBCH transmissions) so that the WTRU knows which periodicity is used.

[0208] The WTRU may be configured with one or more alternative NES SI periodicities. The WTRU may determine the periodicity of the active NES SI periodicity pattern based on one or more of: the difference and / or comparison between the current SSB and / or RS measurement occasion and one or more (e.g., a certain number of) past measurements; the overall signal quality of the cell (e.g., based on one or more measurements of L3RSRP and / or presence signal); and / or the mobility state of the WTRU. The WTRU may determine the periodicity of the active NES SI periodicity pattern based on the resources and / or the timing of the received minimum SI.

[0209] For example, for a WTRU in connected mode, L1 signaling and / or L2 signaling may indicate a switch between one or more configured NES SI periodicities. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) different periodicities for SI, other SI, and / or SIB subsets upon receiving such a command.

[0210] For example, for a WTRU in idle mode, the WTRU may determine whether SI periodicity and / or SI opportunity is lost (e.g., whether sent from a gNB) based on one or more past measurements. The WTRU may associate the reception of SI with the reception of SSBs. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) that one or more SI reception opportunities within a period of time from one or more received SSBs (e.g., having a communication metric above a threshold) are valid SI and / or one or more broadcast opportunities. For example, if the difference between the current SSB measurement in the measurement opportunity and one or more (e.g., a certain number of) past measurements (e.g., and / or a moving average of a certain number of past measurements) is greater than a predetermined and / or configured value, the WTRU may determine that SI is broadcast. For example, the number of past measurements may be predetermined and / or configured.

[0211] The WTRU may use a window for minimum SI reception and / or other SI reception. During such a window, the WTRU may monitor the broadcast of the minimum SI and / or other SI. The WTRU may periodically start the window, for example, according to a configured and / or predetermined period. For example, the WTRU may start the window based on receiving an SSB, RS, and / or presence signal (e.g., a presence signal with a signal strength above a threshold and / or a measured channel condition) (e.g., after such reception).

[0212] The WTRU may request a change in the NES SI periodicity. In an example, the WTRU may trigger the request to change the NES SI periodicity by sending a request for an on-demand SI. In an example, the WTRU may trigger the request to change the NES SI periodicity by sending a wake-up request. In an example, the WTRU may trigger the request to change the NES SI periodicity by sending an assistance information request. For example, if it is determined that the serving cell is in one or more NES states, the WTRU may trigger a request for SI and / or other SI (e.g., by initiating a RA for SI acquisition). The WTRU may request other SI after the NES sleep duration window (e.g., the NES cell validity timer and / or the period associated with the NES SBB periodicity) expires. For example, if the WTRU fails to receive a DL signal and / or presence indication from the gNB within a period of time, the WTRU may request other SI after the NES sleep duration window expires. Additionally or alternatively, the WTRU may request other SI after the NES sleep duration window expires based on whether the WTRU receives broadcast signaling and / or one or more SSB transmissions from the serving cell (e.g., after).

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: A memory and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to: receiving configuration information, the configuration information including an indication that a second cell is to be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when a first cell is selected as a camped cell and the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state, the configuration information indicating a first PEI subgroup and a second PEI subgroup; Based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state, monitoring PEI via the second cell; receiving the PEI via the second cell; monitoring paging, wherein the monitoring paging is: (1) performed via the second cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the first PEI subgroup, or (2) performed via the first cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the second PEI subgroup, The processor is configured to: (1) send a signal via the first cell when the paging is received via the first cell, or (2) send an indication indicating the identity of the first cell via the second cell when the paging is received via the second cell.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine that the first cell is no longer in the NES state when the paging is received via the first cell.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to receive configuration information indicating that the first cell is associated with the second cell.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first PEI subgroup is associated with the second cell, and wherein the second PEI subgroup is associated with the first cell.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first cell is associated with a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and the second cell is associated with a second DRX cycle; and The processor is further configured to: apply the first DRX cycle under the condition that the WTRU is connected to the first cell, and apply the second DRX cycle under the condition that the WTRU is connected to the second cell.

6. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to determine a paging frame (PF) or a paging occasion (PO) of the first cell or the second cell based on a NES-specific WTRU identity (ID).

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to: receiving broadcast signaling or one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSB) transmissions; and Determining that the one or more SSB transmissions or one or more paging occasions are delayed or skipped on the first cell.

8. A WTRU according to claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that a subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) paging occasions of the second DRX cycle are not sent based on the determination that the one or more SSB transmissions or the one or more paging occasions are delayed or skipped on the first cell.

9. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to: determining the second cell based on one or more channel measurements or one or more handover candidate configurations; determining the NES state of the first cell based on a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmission or a reception of a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) transmission; or Receive broadcast signaling or one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions to determine the first cell or the second cell based on the received broadcast signaling or based on one or more characteristics associated with the one or more SSB transmissions.

10. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the configuration information includes an indication that the WTRU is included in the set of one or more WTRUs on the condition that the set of one or more WTRUs is in one or more cells in a NES state; and Wherein the processor is further configured to monitor or receive one or more group-common indications associated with the set of one or more WTRUs in the NES state.

11. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving configuration information, the configuration information including an indication that a second cell is to be used for paging early indication (PEI) monitoring when a first cell is selected as a camped cell and the first cell is in a network energy saving (NES) state, the configuration information indicating a first PEI subgroup and a second PEI subgroup; Based on a determination that the first cell is in the NES state, monitoring PEI via the second cell; receiving the PEI via the second cell; monitoring paging, wherein the monitoring paging is: (1) performed via the second cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the first PEI subgroup, or (2) performed via the first cell under the condition that the PEI received via the second cell indicates the second PEI subgroup, The method further comprises: sending a signal via the first cell when the paging is received via the first cell, or sending an indication indicating the identity of the first cell via the second cell when the paging is received via the second cell.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: It is determined that the first cell is no longer in the NES state when the paging is received via the first cell.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: Configuration information indicating that the first cell is associated with the second cell is received.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the first PEI subgroup is associated with the second cell, and wherein the second PEI subgroup is associated with the first cell.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first cell is associated with a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle and the second cell is associated with a second DRX cycle; and The method further comprises: The first DRX cycle is applied under the condition that the WTRU is connected to the first cell, and the second DRX cycle is applied under the condition that the WTRU is connected to the second cell.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: A paging frame (PF) or a paging occasion (PO) of the first cell or the second cell is determined based on a NES-specific WTRU identity (ID).

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: receiving broadcast signaling or one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) transmissions; as well as Determining that the one or more SSB transmissions or one or more paging occasions are delayed or skipped on the first cell.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the method further comprises: Based on the determination that one or more SSB transmissions or one or more paging occasions are delayed or skipped on the first cell, it is determined that a subset of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) paging occasions of a second DRX cycle are not transmitted.

19. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises: determining the second cell based on one or more channel measurements or one or more handover candidate configurations; determining the NES state of the first cell based on a primary synchronization signal (PSS) transmission or a reception of a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) transmission; or Receive broadcast signaling or one or more synchronization signal block (SSB) transmissions to determine the first cell or the second cell based on the received broadcast signaling or based on one or more characteristics associated with the one or more SSB transmissions.

20. The method of claim 11, wherein the configuration information includes an indication that the WTRU is included in the set of one or more WTRUs on the condition that the set of one or more WTRUs is in one or more cells in a NES state; and The method further comprises: Monitoring or receiving one or more group-common indications associated with the set of one or more WTRUs in the NES state.

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