Method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality edible indica rice

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality edible indica rice, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the method, by reasonably applying nitrogenous fertilizer, adjusting planting density, spraying a specific leaf surface conditioning agent and the like, the rice yield and lodging resistance are effectively improved, the contradiction between yield increase and lodging is solved, the stalk thickness is enhanced, the plant height is reduced, the lodging risk is reduced, the good actual effect is verified through field tests, and the method is worthy of popularization and application. Scientific basis and technical support are provided for high and stable yield of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for increasing the yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice. Background Art

[0002] Rice is the most important staple food crop and plays an important role in ensuring food security. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the consumption demand for rice has changed from the past simple "eating enough" to "eating well". The market demand for high-quality rice is increasing, and the price of high-quality rice is significantly higher than that of ordinary rice. Planting high-quality rice varieties has also become a dominant industry and an important channel for farmers to increase their income.

[0003] However, influenced by consumer habits, the southern market generally prefers high-quality indica rice varieties with slender grains, transparent appearance, and soft and sticky taste. Since the length of cellulose in the grain husk and stem is regulated by related genes, the current double-season high-quality indica rice varieties in the south generally have thin and weak stems and are very easy to lodging. Lodging not only reduces rice yields, but also causes the quality of rice to deteriorate. It has become a bottleneck problem restricting the development of the double-season high-quality indica rice industry.

[0004] Rice lodging is not only affected by the variety, but also by the regulation of planting technology, such as planting density, nitrogen fertilizer dosage, chemical regulation, etc. However, the current goal of rice breeding is still mainly to increase yield and improve rice quality, and not enough attention is paid to lodging resistance traits. Moreover, there is a certain contradiction between yield and lodging. High-yield varieties or yield-increasing technologies often increase the height of the center of gravity of rice plants while increasing ear weight, making them more prone to lodging in the later stage. Therefore, solving the contradiction between yield increase and lodging, and synergistically achieving high yield and lodging resistance of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice varieties is a bottleneck problem that needs to be solved in the current double-season high-quality rice production. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice, which can effectively solve the contradiction between increasing the yield and lodging and achieve excellent results.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice, comprising the following steps:

[0008] In the process of double-season rice planting, the following indicators can be controlled to achieve increased yield and lodging resistance:

[0009] The nitrogen application rate for early rice is 110-130 kg / ha;

[0010] The plant spacing of early rice is 11.5-12.5 cm;

[0011] The nitrogen application rate for late rice is 140-160 kg / ha;

[0012] The plant spacing of late rice is 13.5 to 14.5 cm.

[0013] Preferably, foliar conditioning agents are applied during double-season rice planting;

[0014] The foliar conditioning agent contains the following components at final concentrations:

[0015] Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-5 g / L, uniconazole 30-80 mg / L and ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane 30-80 mg / L.

[0016] Preferably, the foliar regulator is applied by spraying when the internodes at the base of the rice begin to elongate.

[0017] Preferably, during the double-season rice planting process, the application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is: base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4.8-5.2: 2.8-3.2: 1.8-2.2.

[0018] Preferably, during double-season rice planting, all phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and potash fertilizers are applied at a ratio of base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4.8-5.2:4.8-5.2.

[0019] Preferably, the basal fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 days before transplanting;

[0020] The tillering fertilizer is applied 6 to 8 days after transplanting;

[0021] The ear fertilizer is applied at the second leaf stage.

[0022] Preferably, during double-season rice planting, the row spacing is 20 to 30 cm.

[0023] Preferably, the variety of early rice is Songyazao No. 1.

[0024] Preferably, the late rice variety is Meixiangzhan No. 2.

[0025] Preferably, during the double-season rice planting process, the field water management is as follows: shallow water irrigation in the early stage, drainage and sun-drying in the middle stage, re-watering in the early stage of spikelet differentiation, alternating dry and wet irrigation after heading until water is cut off 5 to 10 days before harvest, and drainage during the winter idle period.

[0026] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0027] The present invention adopts a "two-step method" technical solution, that is, through the strategy of combining the construction of a healthy population with the establishment of a robust individual, the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer and density combination of the double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice varieties is clarified, and a uniform and healthy rice population is established; secondly, in the key growth period, the technical formula of the foliar regulator is improved, and robust plants are cultivated to enhance the lodging resistance of individuals, so as to achieve the double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice yield increase and lodging resistance as a whole, and finally construct a method that can significantly improve the rice yield and lodging resistance by rationally applying nitrogen fertilizer and adjusting the planting density, and spraying a specific foliar regulator. This method can not only increase the yield of rice, but also reduce the risk of lodging by increasing the thickness of the stem and reducing the height of the plant. Through field trials, it is verified that the method shows good effects in practical applications, providing scientific basis and technical support for the high yield and stable yield of rice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 The effect of foliar regulator spraying on the yield of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05);

[0029] Figure 2 The effect of foliar regulator spraying on plant height of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05);

[0030] Figure 3 The effect of foliar conditioning agent spraying on the stem thickness of double-season high-quality indica rice is shown in Figure 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05).

[0031] Figure 4 This is the effect of foliar conditioning agent spraying on the lodging index of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example

[0034] Field Health Group Design:

[0035] The experiment adopted a split-plot design, with nitrogen fertilizer treatment as the main plot and plant spacing as the secondary plot, divided into 3 blocks, 4 treatment settings, and 3 replications. The early rice variety was Songya Zao No. 1 and the late rice variety was Meixiangzhan No. 2, both of which are high-quality rice varieties that are currently planted on a large scale in double-season rice areas. 0,

[0036] N 90 ,N 120,N 150 (0,90,120,150kg ha -1 ), late rice set N 0, N 120 ,N 150 ,N 180 (0,120,150,180kgha -1 )4 nitrogen application levels; early rice phosphorus fertilizer P2O5, 60 kg ha -1 Potash fertilizer K2O, 96kg ha -1 ; Late rice P2O5, 75kg ha -1 ; K2O, 120kg ha -1 . Among them, nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the ratio of basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 5:3:2, phosphorus fertilizer was used as basal fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer was applied at the ratio of basal fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 5:5. Basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and panicle fertilizer were applied 1 day before transplanting, 7 days after transplanting, and at the second leaf stage, respectively. There were 12 plots in total, and each plot adopted 3 kinds of plant spacing (10, 12, and 14 cm for early rice; 12, 14, and 16 cm for late rice), with a row spacing of 25 cm. The area of ​​each plot was 4m×9m, and the seedlings were raised by machine transplanting and hard disk, with 4 seedlings per hole. The ridges between plots were wrapped with plastic film to prevent fertilizer from spreading. The field water management in the early and late rice seasons was shallow water irrigation in the early stage, drainage and sun drying in the middle stage, re-watering in the early stage of panicle differentiation, alternating dry and wet irrigation after heading until water was cut off about 7 days before harvest, and drainage in the winter fallow period.

[0037] Based on the yield and lodging resistance performance of rice populations in the field, the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer and density combination for double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice varieties is obtained to build a healthy rice population.

[0038] Design of high-yield and anti-lodging foliar regulator:

[0039] The best combination formula of foliar conditioning agent: potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3g / L), uniconazole (5% uniconazole 50mg / L), ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane (50mL / L). The best spraying time is determined to be when the internodes at the base of the rice begin to elongate. The water consumption per mu is 30 liters.

[0040] Field test verification test: Design two treatments, clear water control and foliar regulator, with four replicates. Use high-quality rice varieties, early rice variety Songya Zao No. 1, late rice variety Meixiangzhan No. 2. Nitrogen fertilizer and density are the optimal combination obtained from the healthy population test: early rice nitrogen fertilizer is 120kg ha -1 , plant spacing is 12 cm; nitrogen fertilizer for late rice is 150 kg ha -1, the plant spacing is 14cm. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the ratio of basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 5:3:2, all phosphorus fertilizer is used as basal fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is applied at the ratio of basal fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 5:5. Basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer, and ear fertilizer are applied 1 day before transplanting, 7 days after transplanting, and at the second leaf stage, respectively. Machine transplanting and hard disk seedling raising, mechanical transplanting. Field water management in early and late rice seasons is shallow water irrigation in the early stage, drainage and sunning in the middle stage, re-watering in the early stage of ear differentiation, dry and wet alternating irrigation after heading until water is cut off about 7 days before harvest, and drainage in the winter idle period.

[0041] Experimental example

[0042] Healthy group:

[0043] (1) Output

[0044] As shown in Table 1, the yield of early rice (Songya Zao No. 1) showed that the yield of each treatment increased first and then decreased slightly with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, among which N 120 With N 150 The yield of treatment was the highest. 90 Compared with the treatment, N 120 、N 150 The yield of the treatments increased by 4.5% and 4.2% respectively. Compared with the N0 treatment, the N 90 、N 120 、N 150 The yield of the treatments increased by 21%, 37.4%, and 37.3%, respectively. From the perspective of yield composition, increasing the planting density can significantly increase the number of grains per panicle and the fruiting rate. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer, it showed a trend of significant increase to no significant fluctuation. The treatment with a spacing of 12 had the highest yield and no significant difference in 1000-grain weight. The yield of each treatment increased first and then remained unchanged with the increase of planting density. Among them, the yield of the treatments with 12 and 14 was the highest. Compared with the spacing of 10, the yield of the treatments with 12 and 14 increased by 5.2% and 3.8%, respectively. As shown in Table 2, the yield of late rice (Mei Xiangzhan No. 2) N 150 The highest yield, N0 the lowest yield, N 150 With N 120 、N 180 The yield of early rice increased by 120kg ha. -1 The combination of 12 cm plant spacing has a higher yield; late rice has a yield of 150 kg ha -1 The combination of 14cm plant spacing has higher yield.

[0045] Table 1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density on early rice yield

[0046]

[0047] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate that the main effects are significantly different (P<0.05). * and ** indicate that there are significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01.

[0048] Table 2 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density on late rice yield

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate that the main effects are significantly different (P<0.05). * and ** indicate that there are significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01.

[0052] (2) Lodging performance

[0053] As shown in Table 3, the four nitrogen fertilizer gradients (N0, N 90 、N 120 、N 150 The lodging index of the 1000 saplings (the lodging index indicates the risk of plant lodging; the larger the lodging index, the higher the risk of lodging) is 15%, 21%, 18%, and 26%, respectively. 150 >N 90 >N 120 As shown in Table 4, the four nitrogen fertilizer gradients (N0, N 120 、N 150 、N 180 ) were 41%, 65.18%, 62.1%, and 69.24%, respectively, that is, N 180 >N 120 >N 150 >N0. At the same density, the lodging index increases with the increase of nitrogen application. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer promotes rice growth and development, while excessive application can easily lead to excessively long rice stems, reduced wind resistance, and increased risk of lodging. If the planting density is too sparse, the stems cannot support each other and are prone to lodging, while too high a density will cause fierce competition among plants and thin stems. 120 Compared with N0, N 90 and N 150 Strong, late rice N 150 Compared with N0, N 180 and N 120 The planting density was 12cm for early rice and 14cm for late rice, and the lodging resistance was better than the other two treatments.

[0054] Table 3 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density on lodging of early rice

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate that the main effect is significantly different (P<0.05). * and ** indicate that there are significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01. Lodging index = bending moment / breaking moment

[0058] Table 4 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density on lodging of late rice

[0059] deal with Bending moment (gcm) Breaking moment (gcm) Lodging index (%) Nitrogen Fertilizer <![CDATA[N0]]> 858.1b 2249.1a 41.0c <![CDATA[N 120 ]]> 1256.7a 1997.7ab 65.2ab <![CDATA[N 150 ]]> 1171.8a 2249.2a 62.1b <![CDATA[N 180 ]]> 1247.1a 1889.4b 69.2a Plant spacing 12 1198.8a 1902.4b 64.6a 14 1010.9b 2345.3a 54.5c 16 1190.8a 2041.4b 58.9b F-values Nitrogen Fertilizer 7.21* 5.13* 69.39** Plant spacing 5.66* 9.31** 15.93** Nitrogen fertilizer*plant spacing 0.52 1.24 3.56*

[0060] Note: Different lowercase letters indicate that the main effect is significantly different (P<0.05). * and ** indicate that there are significant differences between treatments at P<0.05 and P<0.01. Lodging index = bending moment / breaking moment

[0061] Therefore, considering the rice yield and lodging risk, the nitrogen application rate for early rice is 120 kg ha -1 The combination of 12 cm plant spacing has a higher yield; the nitrogen application rate for late rice is 150 kg ha -1 The combination of 14cm plant spacing can improve the lodging resistance of the group while achieving higher yields.

[0062] 2. Robust individuals:

[0063] (1) Output

[0064] Compared with the water control, foliar conditioning agent spraying significantly increased the yield of double-season high-quality edible indica rice ( Figure 1 ), the yields of early rice and late rice increased by 12.6% and 14.5% respectively.

[0065] (2) Plant height

[0066] Compared with the water control, foliar conditioning agent spraying significantly reduced the plant height of the double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice ( Figure 2 ), the plant heights of early rice and late rice decreased by 7.4cm and 5.3cm respectively.

[0067] (3) Stem thickness

[0068] Compared with the water control, foliar conditioning agent spraying significantly increased the stem thickness of double-season high-quality indica rice ( Figure 4 ), the stem thickness of early rice and late rice increased by 19.3% and 20.8% respectively. This shows that spraying foliar regulators significantly increased the thickness of individual plants.

[0069] (4) Lodging index

[0070] Compared with the water control, foliar conditioning agent spraying significantly reduced the lodging index of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice ( Figure 4 ), the lodging index of early rice and late rice decreased by 21.9% and 18.1%, respectively.

[0071] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a method for significantly improving rice yield and lodging resistance by rationally applying nitrogen fertilizer, adjusting planting density, and spraying specific foliar regulators. This method can not only increase rice yield, but also reduce the risk of lodging by increasing the thickness of the stalks and reducing the height of the plants, thereby constructing a robust rice population. Field trials have shown that this method has shown good results in practical applications, providing a scientific basis and technical support for high and stable yields of rice.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the process of double-season rice planting, the following indicators can be controlled to achieve increased yield and lodging resistance: The nitrogen application rate for early rice is 110-130 kg / ha; The plant spacing of early rice is 11.5-12.5 cm; The nitrogen application rate for late rice is 140-160 kg / ha; The plant spacing of late rice is 13.5 to 14.5 cm.

2. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: Apply foliar conditioners during double-season rice cultivation; The foliar conditioning agent contains the following components at final concentrations: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-5 g / L, uniconazole 30-80 mg / L and ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxane 30-80 mg / L.

3. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application scheme of the foliar regulator is: spraying when the internodes at the base of the rice begin to elongate.

4. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: During double-season rice cultivation, the application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is: base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4.8~5.2:2.8~3.2:1.8~2.

2.

5. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the double-season rice planting process, all phosphorus fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, and potassium fertilizers are applied according to the ratio of base fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 4.8~5.2:4.8~5.

2.

6. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 4, characterized in that: The base fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 days before transplanting; The tillering fertilizer is applied 6 to 8 days after transplanting; The ear fertilizer is applied at the second leaf stage.

7. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: During double-season rice cultivation, the row spacing is 20 to 30 cm.

8. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of early rice is Songyazao No.

1.

9. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The late rice variety is Meixiangzhan No.

2.

10. The method for increasing yield and resisting lodging of double-season high-quality and tasty indica rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the double-season rice planting process, the field water management is: shallow water irrigation in the early stage, drainage and sun-drying in the middle stage, re-watering in the early stage of spikelet differentiation, alternating dry and wet irrigation after heading until water is cut off 5 to 10 days before harvest, and drainage during the winter idle period.

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