A feeding method for improving the survival rate and body weight of white star flower beetle larvae
By pretreating young larvae in a substrate of feces from larvae of the same age before transferring them to a substrate of fungal bran during the rearing of white star flower beetle larvae, the problems of low larval survival rate and slow growth were solved, resulting in high survival rate and weight gain, and reducing costs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CANGZHOU ACAD OF AGRI & FORESTRY SCI
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
The larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle have a low survival rate and slow growth during the process of processing and converting the mycelium residue. Existing technologies for mycelium residue pretreatment are complex and result in high costs.
During the rearing of white-spotted flower beetle larvae at different ages, the method of pre-treating the younger larvae in the fecal substrate of the same age for 10 days, and then transferring them to the substrate of fungal residue for continued rearing, was adopted to simplify the fungal residue treatment and control humidity and temperature conditions.
It significantly improved the survival rate and weight of larvae, simplified the pretreatment process of the fungal residue, reduced feeding costs, and promoted the industrial development of the white-spotted beetle's fungal residue treatment and conversion industry.
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Figure CN119791076B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of insect rearing technology, specifically to a rearing method for improving the survival rate and weight of white-spotted flower beetle larvae during the treatment of white-spotted flower beetle with transformed fungal bran. Background Technology
[0002] The white-spotted flower beetle belongs to the animal kingdom, phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta, order Coleoptera, and family Scarabaeidae. The larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle have strong mouthparts and can feed on decaying straw, mushroom compost, sawdust, and other decaying matter, transforming various agricultural wastes by decomposing and converting nutrients from the materials for their own growth. The larvae are high in protein, possess antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and can convert agricultural organic waste into granular insect excrement rich in organic matter, making them promising for applications and development in the fields of feed, medicine, and fertilizer.
[0003] In recent years, with increasing societal attention to resource recycling and ecological environmental protection, the larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle have been extensively studied as a valuable environmentally friendly insect resource, especially in the treatment of mushroom residue. Mushroom residue is the waste substrate left after harvesting edible fungi. China is a major producer of edible fungi globally. In 2020, my country's total fresh mushroom production approached 7.5 million tons, but this high output has also brought about the problem of mushroom residue disposal. Research shows that producing 1 kg of edible fungi generates 3.25–5 kg of mushroom residue. Mushroom residue contains abundant nutrients, active substances, and minerals, including crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and various enzymes, thus possessing significant value for secondary development and utilization. Currently, there are some reports of using mushroom residue to raise white-spotted flower beetles, but issues remain, such as low larval survival rates, slow growth, and complex mushroom residue pretreatment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a feeding method that improves the survival rate and weight of larvae during the treatment of white-spotted flower beetles with transformed fungal bran.
[0005] This invention, based on the biological characteristics of the white-spotted flower beetle, involves treating larvae by placing them in the same type of feces and substrate at different times. White-spotted flower beetle larvae are divided into three instars (insects molt once at a certain stage of growth, so their size or growth process, i.e., the number of molts, can be used as an indicator. Larvae from hatching to the first molt are called first instar larvae, and those after the first molt are called second instar larvae, and so on). Larvae of different instars have different requirements for food and environmental conditions. The mortality rate of younger larvae (1st and 2nd instar larvae) is generally higher than that of older larvae; therefore, the rearing and management of larvae in their early stages is particularly important. When first and second instar larvae are directly placed in substrate, the mortality rate is high. The inventors unexpectedly discovered that placing second instar larvae in the feces of the previous batch of reared larvae not only prevents them from starving but also allows them to grow better and adapt to the environment more effectively. After 10 days, placing them back in substrate significantly improves both larval survival rate and weight. During the breeding process, the mushroom bran does not need to be crushed, sieved, or fermented. Simple manual crushing and removal of large particles are sufficient to achieve good breeding results.
[0006] The specific method of the present invention includes the following steps:
[0007] S1: Obtain feces produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae;
[0008] S2: Obtain the fecal matrix formed from the feces;
[0009] S3: Place the second-instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae into the aforementioned fecal substrate and raise them for 10 days in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D=16h:8h;
[0010] S4: After 10 days of rearing, the larvae are picked out or sieved from the fecal substrate, placed in the fungal substrate, and kept in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D=16h:8h for continued rearing.
[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the thickness of the fecal substrate is 5-10 cm. More preferably, the thickness of the fecal substrate is 8 cm.
[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the moisture content of the fecal substrate is 50%-55%.
[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the method for obtaining the fecal matrix formed from the feces includes:
[0014] Separate the feces and larvae produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae and dry them in the sun;
[0015] Place the dried manure into the feeding box, add water and stir well to maintain its humidity at 50%-55%.
[0016] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the method for obtaining the second instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae is as follows:
[0017] Newly hatched larvae are fed in crushed corn stalks. Once the larvae reach the second instar, they are picked out or sifted out.
[0018] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the thickness of the mushroom substrate is 5-10 cm. More preferably, the thickness of the mushroom substrate is 8 cm.
[0019] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the moisture content of the substrate is 50-55%.
[0020] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the method for obtaining the bacterial substrate is as follows:
[0021] After crushing or grinding the mushroom compost, put it into the breeding box, pick out the large pieces, remove them, add water and stir evenly to control the humidity at 50-55%.
[0022] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fungal bran is one or more of oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, yellow elm mushrooms, king oyster mushrooms, or silver ear fungus.
[0023] The above-mentioned technical solutions in the method for improving the survival rate and weight of white-spotted flower beetle larvae provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
[0024] The feeding method for improving the survival rate and weight of white-spotted flower beetle larvae in this invention can improve the survival rate and weight of larvae during the processing of white-spotted flower beetle larvae into fungal substrate, increase the utilization rate of insect excrement, simplify the pretreatment process of fungal substrate, and reduce feeding costs. This feeding method is simple and feasible, and the materials are readily available, which has a significant promoting effect on the white-spotted flower beetle processing and fungal substrate industry. Attached Figure Description
[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate the invention and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for raising white-spotted flower beetle larvae to improve their survival rate and weight, according to some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0027] This invention discloses a method for raising white-spotted flower beetle larvae to improve their survival rate and weight.
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are used to improve the survival rate and weight of white-spotted flower beetle larvae:
[0029] S1: Obtain feces produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white star beetle larvae.
[0030] S2: Obtain a fecal matrix formed from the feces. The thickness of the fecal matrix is 5-10 cm. The moisture content of the fecal matrix is 50%-55%.
[0031] Specifically, after separating the feces produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white-spotted beetle larvae in the previous rearing cycle from the larvae, dry them in the sun. Take the feces from the above-mentioned larvae (which are basically free of other impurities and are pure feces), put them into the rearing box, add water and stir evenly to control the humidity at 50%-55%, and the feces should be 5-10cm thick.
[0032] S3: Place the second-instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae into the aforementioned fecal substrate and raise them for 10 days in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D=16h:8h.
[0033] Specifically, place the selected or sieved second-instar larvae into a rearing box, and then place the rearing box in a biochemical incubator or artificial climate chamber with a temperature set at 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D = 16h:8h. Check regularly, spray water as needed, and maintain the humidity of the larvae's excrement at 50%-55%.
[0034] The method for obtaining 2nd instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae is as follows:
[0035] Newly hatched larvae are fed in crushed corn stalks. Once the larvae reach the second instar, they are picked out or sifted out.
[0036] S4: After 10 days of rearing, the larvae are picked out or sifted from the fecal substrate and placed in the mushroom residue substrate. They are then kept in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D = 16h:8h for further rearing. The thickness of the mushroom residue substrate is 5-10cm, and its moisture content is 50-55%.
[0037] The method for obtaining the bacterial substrate is as follows:
[0038] After crushing or grinding the mushroom compost, put it into the breeding box, pick out the large pieces, remove them, add water and stir evenly to control the humidity at 50-55%.
[0039] Then, place the breeding box in a biochemical incubator or artificial climate chamber with a temperature set at 28±2℃ and a light cycle set at L:D=16h:8h. Check regularly, spray water appropriately, and keep the humidity of the substrate controlled at 50%-55%.
[0040] For example, in this embodiment, the fungal substrate can be one or more of the following: oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, nameko mushroom, yellow elm mushroom, king oyster mushroom, or silver ear fungus.
[0041] The following experiment illustrates the feeding method for improving the survival rate and weight of white-spotted flower beetle larvae provided in this invention.
[0042] After separating the feces of the third instar larvae of the white-spotted flower beetle from the larvae, the feces were dried and stored. Before the experiment, the feces were taken out, mixed with water, and the humidity was adjusted to about 50%-55% for later use.
[0043] Take the mushroom spawn, crush it, add water and mix well, adjust the humidity to about 50%-55%, and set aside.
[0044] Newly hatched first-instar larvae were selected from a large number of indoor rearings. The larvae were placed in larval feces for 5, 10, 15, and 20 days, then removed and placed in fungal substrate. Each box contained 20 larvae, with each treatment repeated three times. Larvae kept in fungal substrate served as a control. The feces and fungal substrate substrate were approximately 8 cm thick. The rearing boxes were placed in a biochemical incubator with a temperature set at 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D = 16h:8h. Larval survival rate and body weight were assessed after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days.
[0045] Table 1. Survival rate of 1st instar larvae (%)
[0046]
[0047] As shown in Table 1, after 5 days, the average survival rate of first-instar larvae in the control group was 76.67%. After 5, 10, 15, and 20 days, the survival rates of larvae treated with mushroom residue were 25.00%, 16.67%, 20.00%, and 16.67%, respectively. The control group had significantly higher survival rates than the other treatments, indicating that the survival rate of first-instar larvae in mushroom residue was higher than in insect excrement. After 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days, the survival rate of larvae in the control group was significantly higher than in all treatments involving mushroom residue replacement. This suggests that mushroom residue was more conducive to the survival of first-instar larvae than insect excrement. However, the survival rate of first-instar larvae in mushroom residue was still not high. Therefore, first-instar larvae are not suitable for mushroom residue treatment and should be raised in conventional substrates.
[0048] Using the same method as above, but changing the larvae from the 1st instar to the 2nd instar, the results are as follows:
[0049] Table 2 Survival rate of 2nd instar larvae (%)
[0050]
[0051] As shown in Table 2, after 5 days, the average survival rate of 2nd instar larvae in the control group was 80%. The survival rates of larvae treated with mushroom substrate replacement at 5, 10, 15, and 20 days were 95%, 96.67%, 95%, and 96.67%, respectively. The control group's survival rate was significantly lower than the other treatments, indicating that the survival rate of 2nd instar larvae in insect excrement was higher than in mushroom substrate. After 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 days, the survival rate of larvae in the control group was consistently lower than that in the mushroom substrate replacement treatment. At 30 days, the mushroom substrate replacement treatments at 10 and 20 days showed the highest larval survival rates, indicating that these two treatments were most beneficial for larval survival.
[0052] Table 3. Weight (g) of 2nd instar larvae and larvae after transitioning from 2nd to 3rd instar.
[0053]
[0054] As shown in Table 3, after 5 days, the average weight of the control group's second-instar larvae was 2.16g. The weights of the larvae treated with mushroom substrate after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days were 5.77g, 5.00g, 5.27g, and 4.85g, respectively. The control group's weight was significantly lower than the other treatments, indicating that the second-instar larvae gained weight faster in insect feces than in mushroom substrate. After 15, 20, 25, and 30 days, the larvae in the treatment group that were fed mushroom substrate after 10 days in insect feces had the highest weights. This suggests that placing the larvae in insect feces for a period before feeding them is beneficial for the growth of second and third-instar larvae (according to the survey, most second-instar larvae entered the third instar after 25 days), with 10 days being optimal.
[0055] Table 4. Average weight of a single larva (g)
[0056]
[0057] As shown in Table 4, after 5 days, the average weight of a single 2nd instar larva in the control group was 0.13g. The larvae weights after 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of feeding with mushroom substrate were 0.30g, 0.26g, 0.28g, and 0.25g, respectively. The control group's weight was significantly lower than the other treatments, indicating that the weight gain rate of 2nd instar larvae in insect feces was faster than in mushroom substrate. After 15, 20, 25, and 30 days, the larvae weights in the treatment group fed with insect feces for 10 days followed by mushroom substrate were the highest, consistent with the trend of the average total larval weight across all treatments.
[0058] It should be noted that all features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all methods or processes disclosed, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.
[0059] Furthermore, the specific embodiments described above are exemplary. Those skilled in the art can devise various solutions inspired by the disclosure of this invention, and these solutions all fall within the scope of this invention and its protection. Those skilled in the art should understand that this specification and its accompanying drawings are illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for raising white-spotted flower beetle larvae to improve their survival rate and weight, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1: Obtain feces produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white-spotted scarab beetle larvae; S2: Obtain the fecal matrix formed from the feces; The thickness of the fecal substrate is 5-10 cm, and the moisture content of the fecal substrate is 50%-55%. A method for obtaining a fecal matrix formed from the said feces includes: Separate the feces and larvae produced during the rearing of 2nd and / or 3rd instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae and dry them in the sun; Place the dried manure into the feeding box, add water and stir well to maintain its humidity at 50%-55%; S3: Place the second-instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae into the aforementioned fecal substrate and raise them for 10 days in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D=16h:8h. S4: After 10 days of rearing, the larvae are picked out or sieved from the fecal substrate, placed in the fungal substrate, and kept in an environment with a temperature of 28±2℃ and a light cycle of L:D=16h:8h for continued rearing. The thickness of the mushroom substrate is 5-10 cm, and the moisture content of the mushroom substrate is 50-55%. The method for obtaining the substrate is as follows: After crushing or grinding the mushroom compost, put it into the breeding box, pick out the large pieces, remove them, add water and stir evenly to control the humidity at 50-55%.
2. The method for raising white-spotted flower beetle larvae to improve their survival rate and weight according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the method for obtaining second-instar white-spotted flower beetle larvae is as follows: Newly hatched larvae are fed in crushed corn stalks. Once the larvae reach the second instar, they are picked out or sifted out.
3. The method for raising white-spotted flower beetle larvae to improve their survival rate and weight according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The fungal substrate is one or more of the following: oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, enoki mushroom, nameko mushroom, yellow elm mushroom, king oyster mushroom, or silver ear fungus.