A GIS spatial overlay calculation method and system for engineering site suitability analysis

Abstract

This paper proposes a project site suitability analysis method and system based on GIS spatial overlay calculation. By comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors for qualitative and quantitative analysis, the paper uses geographic information systems (GIS), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence to more comprehensively evaluate the suitability of project sites and find the optimal site selection plan, thereby improving the economy and sustainability of the project, helping project decision makers make more scientific, accurate, and sustainable decisions, and improving the efficiency and benefits of the project.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geographical geological analysis applications, and in particular to a method and system for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculations. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and rapid economic development, engineering project construction has become an important part of modern social development. However, different engineering projects have different requirements for site selection, so suitability analysis is necessary.

[0003] In the existing technology, the methods for analyzing the suitability of project site selection mainly include the following:

[0004] (1) Judgment based on experience: Judgment is mainly based on the experience of professionals. First, the geological, hydrological, climatic and other natural conditions of the project site are investigated and analyzed, and then the degree of impact of these conditions on the project is judged based on experience. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and easy to implement, but it is highly subjective and it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy and objectivity of the analysis results.

[0005] (2) Prediction based on mathematical models: By establishing mathematical models, the natural conditions of the project site are simulated and analyzed to predict their impact on the project. Commonly used mathematical models include regression analysis, gray prediction, neural networks, etc. The advantage of this method is that it can provide quantitative prediction results, but it requires a large amount of data support and a complex calculation process.

[0006] In the existing technology, the project site suitability analysis method has the following objective shortcomings:

[0007] (1) Lack of comprehensive analysis: Existing technologies often only consider the impact of a single factor or a few factors on project site selection, while ignoring the comprehensive effects of multiple factors. For example, judgments based on experience often only consider certain intuitive natural conditions, while ignoring social, economic, environmental and other influencing factors. This may lead to inaccurate and incomplete analysis results.

[0008] (2) Data support and accuracy issues: Analytical methods based on mathematical models require a large amount of data support and high computational accuracy. However, due to limitations in data acquisition and processing, there are often problems such as low data quality and insufficient data volume, which can affect the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.

[0009] (3) Technical complexity and cost issues: Analytical methods based on mathematical models require high technical support and high costs, which limits the application of these methods in small and medium-sized projects.

[0010] These objective shortcomings limit the wide application and accuracy of existing technologies in engineering site suitability analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the technical solution of the present invention is to research and develop more advanced, comprehensive and objective analysis methods and technologies to improve the success rate of engineering projects and social benefits.

[0012] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical solution of the present invention provides a project site suitability analysis method based on GIS spatial overlay calculation, which includes the following steps:

[0013] Collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the designated analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data;

[0014] Utilize geographic information system technology to fuse spatial and attribute data of pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data, establish single factor database corresponding to primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data, compile single factor database into corresponding data layers according to corresponding data features to form single factor original data layers; at the same time, utilize the gridding function of geographic information system to divide primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data into several regular geographic space grid units, and each regular geographic space grid unit has the same space and attributes;

[0015] The single-factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic spatial grid units to obtain single-factor data. Based on the single-factor data, qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation are conducted on groundwater extraction difficulty and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, frequency and scope of site collapse, landslide and debris flow disasters, and spatial feature types. Multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated.

[0016] The spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables are superimposed at the same spatial position to obtain the superimposed spatial layer, and the attribute data on different layers are combined and assigned to the superimposed spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer;

[0017] According to the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer, combined with the actual situation of the designated analysis area, a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map is generated.

[0018] Preferably, the primary indicator data include topography, geology, vegetation, surface water system, and human engineering activities; the secondary indicator single factor data include landform, minimum groundwater burial depth, groundwater richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslide, vegetation type, surface water depth, and ground space feature type.

[0019] Preferably, the terrain data in the single-factor database is compiled into a terrain slope layer according to terrain data characteristics.

[0020] Preferably, the geological data in the single-factor database are compiled into a geological stability layer according to geological data characteristics.

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention further provides a system for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculation, which adopts the above-mentioned method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculation, including:

[0022] The single factor layer data acquisition and processing module is used to collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the specified analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; use geographic information system technology to perform spatial and attribute data fusion on the pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data, establish a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data, and compile the single factor database into corresponding data layers according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer;

[0023] The geospatial grid module is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geospatial grid units using the gridding function of the geographic information system while processing the single factor layer data collection and processing module. The space and attributes of each regular geospatial grid unit are the same.

[0024] The single-factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic spatial grid units to obtain single-factor data. Based on the single-factor data, qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation are conducted on groundwater extraction difficulty and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, frequency and scope of site collapse, landslide and debris flow disasters, and spatial feature types. Multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated.

[0025] The spatial overlay calculation module is used to overlay the spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables at the same spatial position to obtain the overlaid spatial layer, and to combine the attribute data on different layers and assign them to the overlaid spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the overlaid spatial layer;

[0026] The project site suitability analysis and evaluation module is used to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map based on the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer and the actual situation of the specified analysis area.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention proposes a method and system for engineering site suitability analysis and fortification construction. By comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors for qualitative and quantitative analysis, and utilizing geographic information systems (GIS), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence, the suitability of engineering sites is more comprehensively evaluated, and the optimal site selection plan is found, thereby improving the economy and sustainability of the project, helping engineering decision makers make more scientific, accurate, and sustainable decisions, and improving the efficiency and benefits of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of a GIS spatial overlay calculation engineering site suitability analysis system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for analyzing engineering site suitability using GIS spatial overlay calculations is provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used in limiting the scope of the present invention.In addition, should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall equally within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application.

[0031] See Figure 1 The present invention provides a system for analyzing the suitability of a project site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculations. This system provides a scientific basis for the project site selection process and can improve the accuracy of project site selection. The system utilizes single-factor layer data collection and processing 12, performs single-factor layer analysis and evaluation 13, combines it with a geographic spatial grid 14, generates single-factor analysis and evaluation grid cells 15, performs spatial overlay calculations 16, and ultimately outputs a project site selection suitability analysis and evaluation map 17. The details are as follows:

[0032] The project site suitability analysis 11 is based on various data collected during the single-factor layer data collection and processing 12, including primary indicator data such as topography, geology, vegetation, surface water systems, and human engineering activities. This includes secondary indicator single-factor data such as topography, minimum groundwater depth, groundwater richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslides, vegetation type, vegetation diameter at breast height, surface water depth, and ground feature types. After data cleaning, format conversion, benchmark unification, and spatial and attribute information fusion, each single-factor data layer is established.

[0033] The geospatial grid 14 divides the research area into a number of regular geospatial grids according to research requirements, and each grid has the same geographical features and attributes.

[0034] The single factor analysis evaluation grid unit 15 divides each single factor layer data into regular geographic space grids to obtain factor data of each grid unit, and performs qualitative and quantitative evaluation on each grid unit to form evaluation results of the regular grid unit.

[0035] The spatial superposition calculation 16 performs spatial superposition calculation on the evaluation results of each regular grid unit to obtain a comprehensive evaluation result of each grid. The spatial superposition calculation can adopt methods such as weighted average and weighted superposition to comprehensively consider the influence of each single factor.

[0036] The project site suitability analysis and evaluation diagram 17 is based on the results of spatial overlay calculation and the actual conditions of the study area to conduct a project site suitability analysis and evaluation. The evaluation results are expressed in a graphical form to form a project site suitability analysis and evaluation diagram.

[0037] The following combination Figure 2 This paper introduces the specific implementation steps of a project site suitability analysis method based on geographic information system (GIS) spatial overlay calculation:

[0038] Step S0: Specify the analysis area and start the project site suitability analysis.

[0039] Step S1: Data access: By accessing relevant data, including but not limited to topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data, vegetation data, etc. of the project area, a basic database for project site selection is constructed.

[0040] Step S200: Fusion of spatial and attribute data: Using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, the spatial data and attribute data are fused to form a comprehensive dataset containing spatial location information and various attribute information, providing a comprehensive data foundation for subsequent suitability analysis.

[0041] Step S201: Compile single-factor raw data layers. The various types of data received are processed and converted to form single-factor raw data layers. For example, terrain data can be compiled into a terrain slope layer, and geological data can be compiled into a geological stability layer.

[0042] Step S210: Geospatial gridding. Utilize the gridding function of the Geographic Information System (GIS) to divide the project area into a number of regular geospatial grid cells. Each grid cell has relatively consistent geospatial features and attribute information.

[0043] Step S3: Single-factor layer grid clipping. Use the single-factor original data layer to clip the geographic spatial grid to obtain single-factor data for each grid cell. These single-factor data can be directly used in subsequent suitability analysis.

[0044] Step S4: Single factor analysis and evaluation of grid units: Based on the single factor data, suitability analysis and evaluation are performed on each grid unit.

[0045] The minimum depth of groundwater that impacts the project affects the difficulty of groundwater extraction and construction costs in the project site. Shallow groundwater levels make extraction easier, but overexploitation can lead to a drop in the groundwater level, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation. The depth of the groundwater level also affects the strength and stress conditions of the foundation. Based on data such as the groundwater level contours and depth maps for the area to be evaluated, the water level depth is divided into zones, and a table is then created to determine the suitability of each zone for the project site.

[0046] Groundwater yield is an indicator of the yield capacity of an underground aquifer. Its magnitude directly impacts the difficulty of controlling groundwater during underground space development. Regional groundwater yield is determined based on unit water yield and aquifer thickness data. Areas with high groundwater yield are prone to seepage, erosion, and piping, leading to safety hazards such as instability of foundation pit slopes or damage to supporting structures. Groundwater can also buoy underground structures, potentially damaging them if structural strength or anti-buoyancy measures are inadequate. Therefore, areas with high groundwater yield are unfavorable for engineering construction and pose a low safety risk.

[0047] The impact of groundwater quality on project site selection primarily considers the chemical elements in the groundwater, which have an impact on its utilization value. Furthermore, underground structures, such as the concrete surface, will experience varying degrees of sulfate erosion when in contact with groundwater. The degree of erosion is related to the type of cement and the specific chemical element content. Based on groundwater geological environmental monitoring data at the site to be evaluated, the chemical ion composition of the groundwater within the site is determined, and the groundwater quality is assessed. The degree to which the groundwater quality in each region impacts the suitability of the sited project is determined by the type of project being sited.

[0048] The impact of climate characteristics in climate data on project site selection mainly considers long-term climate, while the impact of immediate / short-term climate can be ignored. Climate characteristics include whether it is rainy and humid, and whether there is permafrost freeze-thaw.

[0049] Soil and rock mass are the environmental carriers of underground projects. Due to differences in rock and soil formation processes and natural accumulation, their composition and engineering properties vary. Different rock combinations have varying impacts on the construction and stability of foundation projects. For example, areas with sandstone and conglomerate compositions are suitable for shallow foundation construction, while areas with granite and gneiss compositions are suitable for deep foundation construction. Based on survey data, the rock and soil mass type of the area to be evaluated is determined. In single-factor fuzzy evaluation, the underground rock and soil strata are evaluated to determine the degree of suitability of each area for project site selection.

[0050] Topography affects the stability of above-ground buildings and facilities, as well as the difficulty of construction. If the site is located on a steep, complex terrain, the difficulty and cost of construction will increase. When selecting a project site, topography must be fully considered, and sites with relatively flat and stable geological conditions must be selected. Through surveys of topography, a membership table for project site suitability is generated.

[0051] Landslides and debris flows from geological hazards affect the safety of project construction and the stability of project operations. The formation of landslides and debris flows is closely related to geological conditions. If the geological conditions at the project site are unstable, landslides and debris flows are more likely to occur, thus affecting the project's safety and stability. The impact of landslides and debris flows needs to be considered in project design, and appropriate measures, such as strengthening the project's seismic and anti-slip capabilities, should be implemented to minimize their impact. The degree to which landslides and debris flows contribute to the suitability of the project site should be determined based on the frequency and extent of collapse, landslides, and debris flows at the site to be evaluated.

[0052] The current level of ground space utilization affects both the feasibility and efficiency of project site selection. If ground space is already heavily utilized, it is not suitable for ground engineering development. Existing squares, open spaces, and green spaces are favorable for project site development. By statistically analyzing the types of spatial features in the area to be evaluated, we determined the degree of ground space utilization's impact on project site suitability.

[0053] Specific methods may include but are not limited to: constructing an evaluation model, calculating the suitability index of grid units, assigning corresponding suitability grades, etc.

[0054] Step S5, spatial overlay calculation. Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial overlay calculation is mainly used for the comprehensive analysis of multiple thematic layers. It is a traditional spatial analysis method determined by the regional and multi-level characteristics of GIS. The principle of GIS spatial overlay analysis relies on adding the spatial attribute information scattered on different layers together at the same spatial position to form a new layer. The attributes of this layer are composed of the attributes of the superimposed layers. This combination can be the result of a simple logical merger or the result of a complex function operation. The suitability evaluation results of each grid unit are spatially overlaid and calculated, and the various suitability indicators of each grid unit are comprehensively considered to obtain the comprehensive suitability level of each grid unit.

[0055] Step S6: Project Site Suitability Analysis and Evaluation Map. The results of the spatial overlay calculation are graphically presented to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map. This map can intuitively display the project's suitability areas and provide a basis for decision-making in project site selection.

[0056] Step 7. End.

[0057] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculation, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) Improve the accuracy and reliability of site selection: By comprehensively considering multiple influencing factors, including topography, geology, vegetation, surface water systems, and human engineering activities, the suitability of the project site can be evaluated more comprehensively, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of site selection.

[0059] (2) Reduce the risk and uncertainty of site selection: By conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple influencing factors, the subjectivity and uncertainty in the site selection process can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk and uncertainty of site selection.

[0060] (3) Improve the economic and sustainable nature of site selection: By analyzing the suitability of the project site, the optimal site selection plan can be found, thereby improving the economic and sustainable nature of the project. For example, choosing a suitable site can reduce land use and environmental damage, and reduce project costs and operating expenses.

[0061] (4) Improve the scientific nature and fairness of decision-making: Through objective analysis and evaluation, human interference and subjectivity in the decision-making process can be avoided, and the scientific nature and fairness of decision-making can be improved.

[0062] (5) Realize intelligent and visual analysis: Using modern technologies such as geographic information system (GIS), big data analysis, and artificial intelligence, it is possible to realize intelligent and visual analysis of project site suitability, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of analysis.

[0063] (6) These technical effects can help project decision makers make more scientific, accurate and sustainable decisions, improve the efficiency and benefits of the project, and also help protect the environment and social interests and promote sustainable development.

Claims

1. A method for engineering site suitability analysis based on GIS spatial overlay calculation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the designated analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; Utilize geographic information system technology to fuse spatial and attribute data of pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data, establish single factor database corresponding to primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data, compile single factor database into corresponding data layers according to corresponding data features to form single factor original data layers; at the same time, utilize the gridding function of geographic information system to divide primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data into several regular geographic space grid units, and each regular geographic space grid unit has the same space and attributes; The single-factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic spatial grid units to obtain single-factor data. Based on the single-factor data, qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation are conducted on groundwater extraction difficulty and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, frequency and scope of site collapse, landslide and debris flow disasters, and spatial feature types. Multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated. The spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables are superimposed at the same spatial position to obtain the superimposed spatial layer, and the attribute data on different layers are combined and assigned to the superimposed spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer; According to the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer, combined with the actual situation of the designated analysis area, a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map is generated.

2. The method for project site suitability analysis based on GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-level indicator data include topography, geology, vegetation, surface water system, and human engineering activities; the second-level indicator single factor data include landform, minimum groundwater burial depth, groundwater richness, groundwater quality, climate characteristics, rock and soil characteristics, landslide flow, vegetation type, surface water depth, and ground space feature type.

3. The engineering site suitability analysis method based on GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain data in the single factor database is compiled into a terrain slope layer according to the terrain data characteristics.

4. The method for project site suitability analysis based on GIS spatial overlay calculation according to claim 1, wherein: The geological data in the single factor database are compiled into a geological stability layer according to the geological data characteristics.

5. A system for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculations, using the method for analyzing the suitability of an engineering site selection using GIS spatial overlay calculations as claimed in claim 1, comprising: The single factor layer data acquisition and processing module is used to collect the primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data of the specified analysis area. The primary indicator data and secondary indicator single factor data are used to describe the topographic data, geological data, climate data, hydrological data and vegetation data of the project area, classify the spatial data and attribute data, and perform data cleaning, format conversion and benchmark unification to obtain pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data; Use geographic information system technology to fuse the pre-processed spatial data and pre-processed attribute data, establish a single factor database corresponding to the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data, and compile the single factor database into corresponding data layers according to the corresponding data features to form a single factor original data layer; The geospatial grid module is used to divide the primary indicator data and the secondary indicator single factor data into a number of regular geospatial grid units using the gridding function of the geographic information system while processing the single factor layer data collection and processing module. The space and attributes of each regular geospatial grid unit are the same. The single-factor original data layer is divided into regular geographic spatial grid units to obtain single-factor data. Based on the single-factor data, qualitative and quantitative analysis and evaluation are conducted on groundwater extraction difficulty and construction cost, low foundation bearing capacity, groundwater water richness, structural strength or anti-floating measures, chemical element analysis in groundwater, groundwater utilization value, chemical ion composition, long-term climate, rock and soil type, topography and geological conditions, frequency and scope of site collapse, landslide and debris flow disasters, and spatial feature types. Multiple membership tables with suitability index and suitability level are generated. The spatial overlay calculation module is used to overlay the spatial data on different layers in multiple membership tables at the same spatial position to obtain the overlaid spatial layer, and to combine the attribute data on different layers and assign them to the overlaid spatial layer to obtain the suitability index and suitability level corresponding to the overlaid spatial layer; The project site suitability analysis and evaluation module is used to generate a project site suitability analysis and evaluation map based on the suitability index and suitability grade corresponding to the superimposed spatial layer and the actual situation of the specified analysis area.

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