Energy transaction method and system based on block chain and quantum communication

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy transaction method and system based on a block chain and quantum communication, and relates to the technical field of energy transaction, and the method comprises the steps: a QKD module generates random numbers and distributes the random numbers to a purchaser and a seller through a quantum communication channel, and the purchaser and the seller carry out the homomorphic encryption of transaction information through the random numbers; the purchaser and the seller send the encrypted transaction information to a first server, and the first server carries out information matching and recommends an appropriate transaction object; the purchaser selects a transaction object according to the recommendation and returns an object address to the first server; the first server searches for sale information of the transaction object, calculates the sale information and order information of the purchaser, and sends encrypted transaction information to the purchaser; a purchaser initiates an accounting request to the distributed accounting book, and the accounting content is added into a block through a right proof mechanism. The privacy protection of the transaction content is realized on the premise of ensuring that the order information cannot be tampered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy trading technology, and in particular to an energy trading method and system based on blockchain and quantum communication. Background Art

[0002] In the current smart grid system, the processing and storage methods of energy transaction data are increasingly concerned. Traditional power grid systems usually do not provide users with transparent data transaction and storage solutions, which makes it difficult for users to monitor and manage their energy use and transactions. The introduction of blockchain technology has brought revolutionary changes to smart grids, providing a decentralized, tamper-proof data storage solution. In a blockchain-based smart grid, energy producers and buyers can trade directly, and all transaction data such as power consumption equipment information, transaction time and transaction volume will be publicly stored on the blockchain. This method improves the transparency and efficiency of transactions, but also brings challenges in privacy protection. For example, by analyzing public long-term transaction data, users' daily living habits and behavior patterns may be exposed, such as the presence or absence of regular families. Therefore, although blockchain technology provides significant advantages in smart grids, its potential risks in privacy protection cannot be ignored. In this context, developing a new technology that can use blockchain to improve transaction transparency and efficiency while protecting user privacy has become an important direction for the development of smart grid technology. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to solve the potential risks of existing methods in terms of privacy protection.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication, comprising: a QKD module generates a random number and distributes it to a buyer and a seller through a quantum communication channel, and the buyer and the seller respectively use the random number to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information; the buyer and the seller send the encrypted transaction information to a first server, and the first server matches the information and recommends a suitable transaction object; the buyer selects the transaction object according to the recommendation and returns the object address to the first server; the first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, calculates it with the buyer's order information, and sends the encrypted transaction information to the buyer; the buyer initiates a bookkeeping request to the distributed ledger, and the bookkeeping content is added to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, the method for generating random numbers by the QKD module includes: the QKD module generates quantum random numbers through a quantum random number generator; the QKD module divides the quantum random numbers into multiple initialization vectors with a length of 16 bits; the QKD module caches multiple initialization vectors with a length of 16 bits in an initialization list of the QKD module; the QKD module takes out any initialization vector from the initialization list as a random number according to the purchase action of the purchaser.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, wherein: the initialization list includes a first cache table and a second cache table; the first cache table is connected to the initialization list, and when the second cache table finishes reading data from the first cache table, the first cache table requests the quantum random number generator to generate a random number, and stores the initialization vector obtained by dividing the random number; the second cache table is connected to the first cache table, and when the initialization vector of the first cache table is exhausted, the second cache table reads the data in the first cache table and stores it, each value in the second cache table is provided with a status flag bit, and each time data is read from the first cache table, the status flag bit of each value in the second cache table is set to unread, if the value in the second cache table is taken out as a random number, the status flag bit of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read; if the status flag bit of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read, when the initialization vector is read from the second cache table, the value corresponding to the status flag bit marked as read cannot be read.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, wherein: the homomorphic encryption adopts the FHE scheme; the buyer and the seller respectively use random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information, including the buyer using a random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the order information, and sending the encrypted purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time to the first server; the order information includes the purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, wherein: the buyer and the seller respectively use random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information, and also include the seller using the random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the sales information, and send the encrypted sales quantity, sales type and sales time to the first server; the sales information includes the sales quantity, sales type and sales time.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, wherein: the first server matches information and recommends suitable transaction objects, including the first server matching the encrypted order information and sales information, and recommending to the buyer the address of the seller in the distributed ledger that meets the buyer's needs; the selection of the transaction object includes the buyer selecting the final transaction object based on the recommendation of the first server, and returning the address of the final transaction object in the distributed ledger to the first server.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in the present invention, wherein: the first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, including the first server using the returned address to search for the sales information of the final transaction object, using the sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer to perform calculations, and obtains the sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer encrypted after the transaction; the first server sends the sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer encrypted after the transaction to the buyer; the buyer initiates an accounting request to the distributed ledger, including the buyer initiating an accounting request to the distributed ledger, the content of the accounting request is the sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer encrypted after the transaction; the distributed ledger adds the accounting content into the block through the proof of stake mechanism.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system of energy trading methods based on blockchain and quantum communication, which can solve an energy trading problem based on blockchain and quantum communication by constructing an energy trading system.

[0013] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an energy trading system based on blockchain and quantum communication, comprising an information encryption module, an information matching module, a selection module, an information sending module and an accounting module; the information encryption module uses a QKD module to generate random numbers and distributes them to the buyer and the seller through a quantum communication channel, and the buyer and the seller respectively use random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information; the information matching module is used for the buyer and the seller to send the encrypted transaction information to a first server, and the first server performs information matching and recommends a suitable transaction object; the selection module is used for the buyer to select the transaction object according to the recommendation, and return the object address to the first server; the information sending module first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, and after calculating with the buyer's order information, sends the encrypted transaction information to the buyer; the accounting module is used for the buyer to initiate an accounting request to the distributed ledger, and the accounting content is added to the block through the proof of equity mechanism.

[0014] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as described above are implemented.

[0015] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as described above are implemented.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the current smart grid system, the processing and storage methods of energy transaction data are increasingly concerned. Traditional power grid systems usually do not provide users with transparent data transaction and storage solutions, which makes it difficult for users to monitor and manage their energy use and transactions. The introduction of blockchain technology has brought revolutionary changes to smart grids, providing a decentralized, tamper-proof data storage solution. In a blockchain-based smart grid, energy producers and buyers can trade directly, and all transaction data such as power consumption equipment information, transaction time and transaction volume will be publicly stored on the blockchain. This method improves the transparency and efficiency of transactions, but also brings challenges in privacy protection. For example, by analyzing public long-term transaction data, users' daily living habits and behavior patterns may be exposed, such as the presence or absence of regular families. Therefore, although blockchain technology provides significant advantages in smart grids, its potential risks in privacy protection cannot be ignored. In this context, developing a new technology that can not only use blockchain to improve transaction transparency and efficiency, but also protect user privacy has become an important direction for the development of smart grid technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0018] Figure 1 A flowchart of an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication provided for the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 A structural diagram of an energy trading system based on blockchain and quantum communication provided for the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] Example 1, reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and this embodiment provides an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication, including: a QKD module generates a random number and distributes it to a buyer and a seller through a quantum communication channel, and the buyer and the seller respectively use the random number to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information; the buyer and the seller send the encrypted transaction information to a first server, and the first server matches the information and recommends a suitable transaction object; the buyer selects a transaction object according to the recommendation and returns the object address to the first server; the first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, and after calculating with the buyer's order information, sends the encrypted transaction information to the buyer; the buyer initiates a bookkeeping request to the distributed ledger, and the bookkeeping content is added to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

[0023] S1. The quantum key distribution module QKD module generates random numbers and distributes them to the buyer and seller through the quantum communication channel. The buyer and seller use the random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information.

[0024] The method for generating a random number by the QKD module comprises the following steps:

[0025] The QKD module generates quantum random numbers through a quantum random number generator;

[0026] The QKD module divides the quantum random number into multiple initialization vectors of 16 bits in length;

[0027] The QKD module caches multiple initialization vectors of length 16 bits in an initialization list of the QKD module;

[0028] The QKD module takes out any initialization vector from the initialization list as a random number according to the purchase action trigger of the purchaser.

[0029] Initialization lists are managed by the following methods,

[0030] The initialization list includes a first cache table and a second cache table;

[0031] The first cache table is connected to the initialization list, and when the second cache table finishes reading data from the first cache table, the first cache table requests the quantum random number generator to generate a random number and stores the initialization vector obtained by dividing the random number;

[0032] The second cache table is connected to the first cache table. When the initialization vector of the first cache table is exhausted, the second cache table reads the data in the first cache table and stores it. Each value in the second cache table is provided with a status flag. Each time data is read from the first cache table, the status flag of each value in the second cache table is set to unread. If the value in the second cache table is taken out as a random number, the status flag of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read; if the status flag of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read, when the initialization vector is read from the second cache table, the value corresponding to the status flag marked as read cannot be read.

[0033] The management of the initialization list involves two cache tables: the first cache table and the second cache table. The first cache table is responsible for receiving and storing the split initialization vectors from the quantum random number generator. When the data in the first cache table is exhausted, the second cache table reads these initialization vectors from the first cache table for storage and further use. In the second cache table, each initialization vector has a status flag bit for tracking whether it has been used. When the initialization vector is taken out from the second cache table as an authentication seed, its status flag bit will be set to read to ensure that the read initialization vector will not be reused. At the same time, the first cache table, as an indirect storage location for the initialization vector, can increase the storage capacity of the initialization vector, thereby providing sufficient time for receiving and storing the split initialization vectors from the quantum random number generator, and improving the real-time performance of instruction sending.

[0034] Furthermore, the homomorphic encryption scheme is a fully homomorphic encryption FHE scheme, which can realize addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

[0035] Increase the flexibility of meter reading and avoid the problem of being unable to read the meter due to meter reading terminal positioning or time failure.

[0036] The purchaser uses a random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the order information, and sends the encrypted purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time to the first server; the order information includes the purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time.

[0037] The seller uses a random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the sales information, and sends the encrypted sales quantity, sales type and sales time to the first server; the sales information includes the sales quantity, sales type and sales time.

[0038] S2. The buyer and the seller send the encrypted transaction information to the first server, and the first server matches the information and recommends a suitable transaction partner.

[0039] The first server matches the encrypted order information with the sales information, and recommends to the buyer the address of the seller in the distributed ledger that meets the buyer's needs;

[0040] The buyer selects the final transaction object according to the recommendation of the first server, and returns the address of the final transaction object in the distributed ledger to the first server.

[0041] S3. The buyer selects a transaction object according to the recommendation and returns the object address to the first server.

[0042] The buyer selects the final transaction object according to the recommendation of the first server, and returns the address of the final transaction object in the distributed ledger to the first server.

[0043] S4. The first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, calculates it with the buyer's order information, and then sends the encrypted transaction information to the buyer.

[0044] The first server uses the returned address to find the sales information of the final transaction object, and then uses the sales information of the final transaction object and the buyer's order information to calculate and obtain the encrypted sales information of the final transaction object and the buyer's order information after the transaction.

[0045] The first server sends the encrypted final sales information of the transaction object and the order information of the buyer to the buyer.

[0046] S5. The purchaser initiates a bookkeeping request to the distributed ledger, and the bookkeeping content is added to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

[0047] The buyer initiates an accounting request to the distributed ledger, and the content of the accounting request is the encrypted sales information of the final transaction object and the buyer's order information after the transaction.

[0048] The distributed ledger adds accounting content to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

[0049] Example 2, reference Figure 2 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention. It is different from the previous embodiment in that it provides an energy trading system based on blockchain and quantum communication, including: an information encryption module 100, an information matching module 200, a selection module 300, an information sending module 400 and an accounting module 500.

[0050] The information encryption module 100 uses the QKD module to generate random numbers and distributes them to the buyer and the seller through the quantum communication channel. The buyer and the seller respectively use the random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information.

[0051] The information matching module 200 is used for the buyer and the seller to send the encrypted transaction information to the first server, and the first server performs information matching and recommends suitable transaction objects.

[0052] The selection module 300 is used for the buyer to select a transaction object according to the recommendation and return the object address to the first server.

[0053] The information sending module 400 first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, calculates it with the buyer's order information, and then sends the encrypted transaction information to the buyer.

[0054] The accounting module 500 is used for the purchaser to initiate an accounting request to the distributed ledger, and the accounting content is added to the block through the equity proof mechanism.

[0055] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.

[0056] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.

[0057] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering or, if necessary, processing in another suitable manner, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0058] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0059] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication, characterized by: include, The QKD module generates random numbers and distributes them to the buyer and seller through the quantum communication channel. The buyer and seller use the random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information. The buyer and seller send the encrypted transaction information to the first server, which matches the information and recommends a suitable transaction partner; The buyer selects a transaction object according to the recommendation and returns the object address to the first server; The first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, calculates it with the purchaser's order information, and then sends the encrypted transaction information to the purchaser; The purchaser initiates a bookkeeping request to the distributed ledger, and the bookkeeping content is added to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

2. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for generating random numbers by the QKD module includes the QKD module generating quantum random numbers through a quantum random number generator; The QKD module divides the quantum random number into multiple initialization vectors of 16 bits in length; The QKD module caches multiple initialization vectors of length 16 bits in an initialization list of the QKD module; The QKD module takes out any initialization vector from the initialization list as a random number according to the purchase action trigger of the purchaser.

3. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The initialization list includes a first cache table and a second cache table; The first cache table is connected to the initialization list, and when the second cache table finishes reading data from the first cache table, the first cache table requests the quantum random number generator to generate a random number and stores the initialization vector obtained by dividing the random number; The second cache table is connected to the first cache table. When the initialization vector of the first cache table is exhausted, the second cache table reads the data in the first cache table and stores it. Each value in the second cache table is provided with a status flag. Each time data is read from the first cache table, the status flag of each value in the second cache table is set to unread. If the value in the second cache table is taken out as a random number, the status flag of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read; if the status flag of the corresponding value in the second cache table is marked as read, when the initialization vector is read from the second cache table, the value corresponding to the status flag marked as read cannot be read.

4. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The homomorphic encryption adopts the FHE scheme; The buyer and the seller respectively use random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information, including the buyer using the random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the order information, and sending the encrypted purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time to the first server; The order information includes purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase type and purchase time.

5. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The buyer and the seller respectively use random numbers to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information, and the seller uses the random number as a private key to homomorphically encrypt the sales information, and sends the encrypted sales quantity, sales type and sales time to the first server; The sales information includes sales quantity, sales type and sales time.

6. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The first server matches information and recommends a suitable transaction partner, including the first server matching the encrypted order information with the sales information, and recommending to the buyer an address in the distributed ledger of a seller that meets the buyer's needs; The selecting of the transaction object includes the buyer selecting the final transaction object according to the recommendation of the first server, and returning the address of the final transaction object in the distributed ledger to the first server.

7. The energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The first server searching for the sales information of the transaction object includes the first server using the returned address to search for the sales information of the final transaction object, using the sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer to perform calculations, and obtaining the encrypted sales information of the final transaction object and the order information of the buyer after the transaction; The first server sends the encrypted final sales information of the transaction object and the order information of the buyer to the buyer; The purchaser initiating an accounting request to the distributed ledger includes the purchaser initiating an accounting request to the distributed ledger, the content of the accounting request is the final encrypted sales information of the transaction object and the order information of the purchaser after the transaction; The distributed ledger adds accounting content to the block through the proof-of-stake mechanism.

8. A system using an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes an information encryption module (100), an information matching module (200), a selection module (300), an information sending module (400) and an accounting module (500); The information encryption module (100) uses a QKD module to generate a random number and distributes it to the buyer and the seller through a quantum communication channel, and the buyer and the seller respectively use the random number to homomorphically encrypt the transaction information; The information matching module (200) is used for the buyer and the seller to send the encrypted transaction information to the first server, and the first server performs information matching and recommends a suitable transaction object; The selection module (300) is used for the buyer to select a transaction object according to the recommendation and return the object address to the first server; The information sending module (400) first server searches for the sales information of the transaction object, calculates it with the purchaser's order information, and then sends the encrypted transaction information to the purchaser; The accounting module (500) is used for the purchaser to initiate an accounting request to the distributed ledger, and the accounting content is added to the block through the equity proof mechanism.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of an energy trading method based on blockchain and quantum communication described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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