Low-cost thermal management system, control method and vehicle

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal management, and particularly relates to a low-cost thermal management system, a control method and a vehicle. The heat pump unit comprises a four-way valve, a compressor, a main heat exchanger refrigerant channel, a throttling valve and an intermediate heat exchanger. The cooling liquid unit comprises a multi-way valve set, a first circulating pump, a second circulating pump, a main heat exchanger refrigerant channel, a front heat exchanger, an outboard heat exchanger and electric drive and electric control equipment. The front heat exchanger and the main heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in an air channel of an in-cabin air conditioning box in the wind direction, and the out-cabin heat exchanger is arranged in out-cabin environment air. According to the requirements of the environment in the cabin and safe operation of vehicle equipment for the heat grade, the valve element communication modes of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve set are adjusted respectively, and the heat pump unit and the cooling liquid unit can form cold and hot loops of various combination modes. The low-cost heat management system is high in energy efficiency, simple in structure, stable in operation, simple and convenient in control mode and capable of reducing vehicle cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of thermal management technology, and in particular relates to a low-cost thermal management system, a control method and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Vehicle thermal management is one of the core technologies in the development of electric vehicles, mainly including air conditioning circuit (20-25℃), battery circuit (10-35℃) and motor circuit (0-60℃). According to the different functional requirements of each circuit unit, it has the conditions to transfer heat from high position to low position for recycling. Figure 3 As shown, when heat recovery is performed, no matter what the coolant temperature in the battery and motor circuits is, it is necessary to use a heat pump to take heat from the coolant circulation system, improve the quality, and then supply heat to the cabin. Although it can achieve cooling and heating solutions in the passenger compartment under multiple modes, it is impossible to directly recycle the high-quality heat in the batteries and motors. There is a common problem of complex and inefficient systems. The existing thermal management technology urgently needs innovation and improvement. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-cost thermal management system, which realizes the efficient utilization and direct recovery of multiple cold and heat sources at high and low grades, and improves the energy efficiency of the thermal management system. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The low-cost thermal management system of the present invention comprises a main heat exchanger, an intermediate heat exchanger, a front heat exchanger, and an off-cabin heat exchanger. The main heat exchanger is a refrigerant-coolant-air three-medium heat exchange structure, the intermediate heat exchanger is a refrigerant-coolant two-medium heat exchange structure, the front heat exchanger and the off-cabin heat exchanger are both coolant-air two-medium heat exchange structures, the front heat exchanger and the main heat exchanger are sequentially arranged in the air duct of the air conditioning box in the cabin along the wind direction, and the off-cabin heat exchanger is placed in the ambient air outside the cabin; The refrigerant channels of the main heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger are connected to the four-way valve, the compressor, and the throttle valve to form a phase change medium heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve; The coolant channels of the main heat exchanger and the intermediate heat exchanger are connected to the multi-way valve group, the first circulation pump, the second circulation pump, the front heat exchanger, the outboard heat exchanger and the electric drive and electric control equipment to form a pump-driven coolant unit based on the switching of the multi-way valve group; The multi-way valve group has at least 7 external interfaces. After the electric drive and electric control equipment and the first circulating pump are connected in series to form a first pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 1 and 2 of the multi-way valve group. After the second circulating pump, the cabin external radiator, and the intermediate heat exchanger coolant channel are connected in series to form a second pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 3 and 4 of the multi-way valve group. The front heat exchanger is connected with interfaces 5 and 6 of the multi-way valve group, and the main heat exchanger coolant channel is connected with interfaces 7 and 1 of the multi-way valve group. The valve core communication modes of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve group are adjusted respectively, and the heat pump unit and the coolant unit can form cold and hot circuits in various combinations. Furthermore, it also includes a liquid-cooled battery, which is connected in series in the pipeline between the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger and the first interface of the multi-way valve group. Furthermore, it also includes a third circulation pump, and there are 8th and 9 interfaces between the 7th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group. The first end of the third circulation pump is connected to the 8th interface of the multi-way valve group, the second end of the third circulation pump is connected to the first end of the liquid-cooled battery, and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery is connected to the 9th interface of the multi-way valve group. Furthermore, it also includes an expansion water tank connected to the first interface of the multi-way valve group. Furthermore, it also includes an auxiliary heater connected in series between the electric drive and electric control device and the second interface of the multi-way valve group. The first control method of the present invention is used for the operation control of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system. According to the temperature and humidity requirements of the cabin environment, the control method includes four modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, and cooling. The second control method of the present invention is used to control the operation of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system. According to the dual requirements of temperature and humidity in the cabin environment and constant temperature of the liquid-cooled battery, the control method includes eight modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, refrigeration, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation, and active temperature equalization. A vehicle of the present invention comprises the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system. Furthermore, the vehicles described in the present invention include various types of vehicles that can travel on land, water, and air and are driven by electric motors, including pure electric, hybrid electric, and hydrogen-powered vehicles. The above technical solution of the present invention has the following technical effects: On the one hand, the present invention adopts a three-medium heat exchanger in the cabin, which is connected with an intermediate heat exchanger, a four-way valve, a compressor, and a throttle valve to form a direct heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve. The heat pump has a simple structure, short pipelines, easy layout, stable operation, and high energy efficiency. On the other hand, the present invention adopts a coolant unit composed of a multi-way valve group, and only by adjusting the valve core position of the multi-way valve group, a variety of cold and hot circuits that meet the requirements of the thermal management system can be formed; The control method of the present invention adjusts the valve core combination mode of the four-way valve and the multi-way valve group according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the cabin environment, so as to realize the efficient cooling and heating mode of the direct heat pump, and realize the indirect and direct recycling of the system waste heat and waste cooling, with simple control logic and stable operation. The vehicle with the low-cost thermal management system of the present invention has a simple structure, stable operation and high energy efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-cost thermal management system for a vehicle according to the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second low-cost thermal management system for a vehicle according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-cost thermal management system of the prior art; Figure 4 is a flow chart of a first heating mode of a control method of the present invention; Figure 5 is a flow chart of a second heating mode of a control method of the present invention; Figure 6 is a flow chart of a third heating mode of a control method of the present invention; Figure 7 is a fourth heating mode flow chart of a control method of the present invention; Figure 8 is a fifth heating mode flow chart of a control method of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a sixth heating mode flow chart of a control method of the present invention; Fig.10 is a seventh heating mode flow chart of a control method of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a first heat dissipation mode process of a control method of the present invention Figure 1 ; Fig.12 This is a second heat dissipation mode process of a control method of the present invention Figure 2 ; Fig.13 This is a cooling mode process of a control method of the present invention Figure 1 ; Fig.14 This is a cooling mode process of a control method of the present invention Figure 2 ; Fig.15 is an active heat dissipation flow chart of the second control method of the present invention; Fig.16 This is the active temperature equalization process of the second control method of the present invention Figure 1 ; Fig.17 This is the active temperature equalization process of the second control method of the present invention Figure 2 ; Fig.18 is a battery heat storage flow chart of the second control method of the present invention; Fig.19 It is a battery cold storage flow chart of the second control method of the present invention. Reference numerals: 10: Four-way valve; 11: Compressor; 12: Main heat exchanger; 13: Throttle valve; 14: Intermediate heat exchanger; 20: Multi-way valve group; 201: First circulation pump; 202: Second circulation pump; 203: Third circulation pump; 21: Front heat exchanger; 22: Outboard heat exchanger; 23: Electric drive and electronic control equipment; 24: Liquid-cooled battery; 25: Expansion water tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The low-cost thermal management system embodiment 1 of the present invention is as shown in the attached Figure 1 As shown: it includes a main heat exchanger 12, a front heat exchanger 21, an intermediate heat exchanger 14, and an outboard heat exchanger 22. The main heat exchanger 12 is a refrigerant-coolant-air three-medium heat exchange structure, the front heat exchanger 21 and the outboard heat exchanger 22 are both coolant-air two-medium heat exchange structures, the front heat exchanger 21 and the main heat exchanger 12 are sequentially arranged in the cabin air duct of the air conditioner along the wind direction, and the outboard heat exchanger 22 is placed in the ambient air outside the cabin; the main heat exchanger 12, the intermediate heat exchanger 21, the intermediate heat exchanger 14, and the outboard heat exchanger 22 are placed in the ambient air outside the cabin; The refrigerant channel of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with the four-way valve 10, the compressor 11, and the throttle valve 13, forming a phase change refrigerant heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve 10; the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12, the intermediate heat exchanger 14, and the outboard heat exchanger 22 is connected with the multi-way valve group 20, the first circulation pump 201, the second circulation pump 202, the front heat exchanger 21, and the electric drive and electronic control device 23, forming a pump-driven coolant unit based on the switching of the multi-way valve group 20; The multi-way valve group 20 has 7 external interfaces. After the electric drive and electric control device 23 and the first circulating pump 201 are connected in series to form a first pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 1 and 2 of the multi-way valve group 20. After the second circulating pump 202, the cabin radiator 22, and the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14 are connected in series to form a second pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 3 and 4 of the multi-way valve group 20. The front heat exchanger 21 is communicated with interfaces 5 and 6 of the multi-way valve group 20. The coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 is communicated with interfaces 7 and 1 of the multi-way valve group 20. By adjusting the valve core communication modes of the four-way valve 10 and the multi-way valve group 20 respectively, the heat pump unit and the coolant unit can form cold and hot circuits in various combinations. The low-cost thermal management system specific embodiment 2 of the present invention, based on the structure of the aforementioned specific embodiment 1, this embodiment 2 also includes a liquid-cooled battery 24, and the liquid-cooled battery 24 is connected in series in the pipeline between the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20. Specific embodiment 3 of the low-cost thermal management system of the present invention is as shown in the attached Figure 2As shown: Based on the structure of the aforementioned specific embodiment 2, this embodiment 3 also includes a third circulation pump 203, and there are 8th and 9th interfaces between the 7th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20. The first end of the third circulation pump 203 is connected to the 8th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second end of the third circulation pump 203 is connected to the first end of the liquid-cooled battery 24, and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is connected to the 9th interface of the multi-way valve group 20. In the above embodiments, an expansion water tank 25 connected to the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 can be provided to maintain constant pressure in the cooling liquid circulation pipeline and balance the liquid replenishment. In the above embodiments, in order to cope with extremely cold weather environments and heat pump failures, an auxiliary heater connected in series between the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 and the second interface of the multi-way valve group 20 may be provided, such as a water circulation diesel heater, a heat dissipation heat exchanger of the engine system, etc. as a backup heat source. As attached Figures 4 to 14 As shown, the first control method of the present invention includes four modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, and cooling, which are used to control the operation of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system embodiments 1 to 3; When the air temperature in the cabin is lower than the comfort temperature required by the passengers, the temperature of the coolant of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is detected. If the coolant of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is lower than the thermal energy grade of the air outside the cabin, the following steps are executed: Figures 4 to 10 One of the heating or dehumidification modes shown; First heating mode: as attached Figure 4 As shown, the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to heat pump heating, the second circulation pump 202, the cabin radiator 22, and the intermediate heat exchanger 14 coolant channel are connected in series through the 3rd and 4th interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulation pump 202 is running, the fan of the cabin heat exchanger 22 is running, the throttle valve 13 cuts off the low-pressure refrigerant after the pressure reduction, and the refrigerant channel of the cabin radiator 22 is firstly exchanged with the intermediate heat exchanger 14 to the coolant circuit, and then the coolant circuit takes heat from the cabin ambient air, the refrigerant completes evaporation, enters the compressor 11 through the four-way valve 10, is compressed into high-pressure refrigerant, and enters the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 through the four-way valve 10 again to release heat, and the cycle is repeated, the fan of the cabin air conditioner drives the cabin air, and exchanges heat with the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 to heat the cabin air; This mode is an air source indirect heat pump mode, which is independent of the valve core position of the multi-way valve group 20, and the first circulation pump 201 does not operate; this mode is simple to control and stable in operation. Second heating mode: During the heating process, the temperature of the coolant in the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the temperature of the coolant in the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than the thermal energy level of the air outside the cabin, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Figure 5At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electronic control device 23, the second interface and the third interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulation pump 202, the outboard radiator 22, the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a low-grade heat recovery loop in series. The heat pump unit simultaneously recovers the waste heat of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 to enhance the heating capacity. If the waste heat recovery heat is sufficient, the fan of the outboard radiator 22 can be turned off to further save power consumption and improve system energy efficiency. This mode is a dual heating mode of waste heat source + air source heat pump. This mode has strong environmental adaptability and fast heating speed. The third heating mode: During the heating process, the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than 35°, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Figure 6 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second interface and the fifth interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the front heat exchanger 21, the sixth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a high-quality heat recovery loop in series. This mode is a dual-source cascade heating of high-grade waste heat + air source heat pump. While the air source heat pump is heating, the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 directly preheats the cabin air through the preheater 21, and forms a dual-source cascade heating with the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12; This mode has a strong heating capacity and also has the functions of replacing the heat exchanger 21 before drying and preventing mildew. Fourth heating mode: During the heating process, the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than 40°, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second and seventh interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, and the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a high-grade heat recovery loop in series; This mode is a dual-source same-level heating of high-grade waste heat + air source heat pump. While the air source heat pump is heating, the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive and electric control equipment 23 directly passes through the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 and the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 to form dual-source same-level heating; This mode has strong heating capacity, fast heating speed, and high reliability of dual-source backup. Fifth heating mode: During the heating process, the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 and the humidity of the air in the cabin are periodically detected. If the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than 40° and the humidity of the air in the cabin is lower than the comfortable humidity required by the passengers, or the vehicle windshield is fogged up and affects driving safety, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Figure 8At the position shown, on the one hand, the cabin radiator 22, the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the 4th interface and the 5th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the front heat exchanger 21, the 6th interface and the 3rd interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series waste cold recovery and dehumidification circuit; on the other hand, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the 2nd interface and the 7th interface of the multi-way valve group 20, and the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a series high-grade heat recovery circuit; This mode is waste cooling dehumidification + dual-source heat recovery. In this mode, the heat pump operates in the heat pump heating mode. The fan of the radiator 22 outside the cabin can be turned on or off. The fan of the air conditioning box in the cabin drives the cabin air to be cooled and dehumidified by the front heat exchanger 21, and then the dual-source heat recovery is carried out through the refrigerant channel and the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12. This mode recovers the free cooling energy of the radiator 22 outside the cabin for pre-cooling and dehumidification in the cabin, and then recovers the waste heat of the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 to make the air in the cabin recover and heat up or maintain a constant temperature; the control is simple, stable and reliable, and highly efficient and energy-saving. Sixth heating mode: During the heating process, the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than 35°, the operation of the heat pump compressor, the second circulation pump 202 and the fan of the radiator 22 outside the cabin is shut down, and the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig. 9 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second interface and the fifth interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the front heat exchanger 21, the sixth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a high-grade heat recovery loop in series; This mode is a single high-grade waste heat heating mode, in which the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive and electric control equipment 23 is directly recovered and heated through the preheat exchanger 21 to heat the cabin air; This mode recovers waste heat and has high system energy efficiency, and also has the functions of pre-drying heat exchanger 21 and preventing mildew. Seventh heating mode: During the heating process, the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is periodically detected. If the coolant temperature of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than 40°, the operation of the heat pump compressor, the second circulation pump 202 and the fan of the radiator 22 outside the cabin is shut down, and the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig.10 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second and seventh interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, and the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 form a high-grade heat recovery loop in series; This mode is a single high-grade waste heat heating mode, in which the high-grade waste heat of the electric drive and electric control equipment 23 is directly recovered and heated through the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12 to heat the cabin air; This mode recovers waste heat and has high system energy efficiency. When the cabin air temperature is at the comfortable temperature required by the passengers, the heat pump compressor is turned off, and the temperature of the coolant of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is detected. If the coolant of the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is higher than the safe operating temperature required by the device, the following steps are executed: Fig.11 , 12 One of the cooling modes shown; First cooling mode: adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the following Fig.11 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second interface and the third interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulation pump 202, the outboard radiator 22, the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth interface and the fifth interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the front heat exchanger 21, the sixth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series heat dissipation circuit; This mode is a dual cooling mode inside and outside the cabin. The fans of the cabin radiator 22 and the front heat exchanger 21 operate simultaneously or independently. The waste heat of the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 is released to the cabin air or cabin air through the coolant channel of the cabin radiator 22 and the front heat exchanger 21. Under the premise of ensuring that the indoor air is at the most comfortable temperature, the safe operation of the vehicle equipment is guaranteed. This mode is simple to control and energy-efficient. Second cooling mode: Adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the following Fig.12 At the position shown, the first circulation pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second and third interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulation pump 202, the outboard radiator 22, the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth interface of the multi-way valve group 20, and the first interface form a series heat dissipation circuit; This mode is a single heat dissipation mode outside the cabin. The waste heat of the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 is released to the air outside the cabin through the coolant channel of the outside cabin radiator 22 to ensure the safe operation of the vehicle equipment. This mode is simple to control and energy-efficient. When the air temperature in the cabin is higher than the comfort temperature required by the passengers, the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to heat pump cooling; In the first cooling mode, adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig.13At the position shown, the second circulation pump 202, the outboard radiator 22, and the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14 are connected in series through the interfaces 3 and 4 of the multi-way valve group 20. The second circulation pump 202 is running, the fan of the outboard heat exchanger 22 is running, the throttle valve 13 cuts off the low-pressure refrigerant after the pressure reduction, and enters the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12. The fan of the air-conditioning box in the cabin drives the air in the cabin to exchange heat with the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12. The refrigerant completes evaporation and enters the compressor 11 through the four-way valve 10 to be compressed into a high-pressure refrigerant. It enters the refrigerant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14 through the four-way valve 10 again to exchange heat with the coolant channel of the outboard radiator 22. Then the coolant releases heat to the ambient air outside the cabin, and the cycle repeats, and the air in the cabin is cooled and cooled. This mode is an indirect heat pump cooling mode, which is simple to control, fast and stable in operation. When the air temperature in the cabin is higher than the comfort temperature required by the passengers, and the electric drive and electric control equipment 23 needs to dissipate heat and cool down when in operation, the valve core position of the four-way valve 10 is adjusted to heat pump cooling; In the second cooling mode, adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig.14 At the position shown, the first circulating pump 201, the electric drive and electric control device 23, the second interface and the third interface of the multi-way valve group 20, the second circulating pump 202, the radiator 22 outside the cabin, the coolant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14, the fourth interface and the first interface of the multi-way valve group 20 form a series of step-by-step heating and cooling circuits; the throttle valve 13 intercepts the low-pressure refrigerant after the pressure reduction and enters the refrigerant channel of the main heat exchanger 12, and the fan of the air conditioner in the cabin drives the air in the cabin to communicate with the main heat exchanger 1 2, the refrigerant completes evaporation, enters the compressor 11 through the four-way valve 10, is compressed into a high-pressure refrigerant, enters the refrigerant channel of the intermediate heat exchanger 14 through the four-way valve 10 again, exchanges heat with the coolant channel of the radiator 22 outside the cabin, and then the coolant in the step-by-step heating and cooling circuit releases heat to the ambient air outside the cabin, and the cycle repeats, the cabin air is cooled and cooled, the coolant is heated in turn through the intermediate heat exchanger 14 and the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23, and is dissipated to the air outside the cabin through the radiator 22 outside the cabin; This mode is an indirect heat pump refrigeration mode, which has simple control and high refrigeration energy efficiency, and completes the heat dissipation of the refrigeration heat pump and the electric drive and electronic control equipment 23 at one time. The second control method of the present invention includes eight modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, refrigeration, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation, and active temperature equalization, and is used to control the operation of the aforementioned low-cost thermal management system embodiment 3; The four modes of heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation and cooling of this control method are basically the same as the four modes of heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation and cooling of the aforementioned control method. General technicians can refer to the attached Figure 2 and attached Figures 4 to 14, combined with the above technical documents, understand its process and function, and will not be repeated here. The only difference is that since a liquid-cooled battery 24 is connected in series in the coolant channel of the main heat exchanger 12, the temperature of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is synchronously regulated and controlled during the cabin air temperature adjustment process; The battery cold storage mode of this control method is as follows Fig.19 As shown, during the heat pump cooling process, when the cabin temperature reaches the preset comfortable temperature, the compressor 10 continues to operate efficiently, the speed of the fan of the cabin air-conditioning box is reduced or shut down, and the third circulation pump 203 is turned on to continue cooling the liquid-cooled battery 24 until the optimal temperature lower limit (10°) of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is reached. The liquid-cooled battery 24 has a large thermal capacity and can store more cold energy. At this time, the compressor is turned off, the second circulation pump 202 continues to operate, and the fan of the cabin air-conditioning box is turned on at an appropriate time. The liquid-cooled battery 24 releases cold energy to the cabin air, making the cabin comfortable, reducing the frequency of starting and stopping or speed regulation of the compressor, and improving refrigeration energy efficiency. The battery heat storage mode of this control method is as follows Figure 2 As shown, and refer to the attached Figure 5 , 7 , 8, 10. During the heat pump heating process, when the cabin temperature reaches the preset comfortable temperature, the compressor 10 continues to operate efficiently, the speed of the fan of the cabin air-conditioning box is reduced or shut down, and the second circulation pump 202 is started to operate to continue heating the liquid-cooled battery 24 until the optimal temperature upper limit (40°) of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is reached. The liquid-cooled battery 24 has a large thermal capacity and can store more heat. At this time, the compressor is turned off, the second circulation pump 202 continues to operate, and the fan of the cabin air-conditioning box is started at an appropriate time. The liquid-cooled battery 24 releases heat to the cabin air, making the cabin comfortable, reducing the frequency of starting and stopping or speed regulation of the compressor, and improving heating energy efficiency. Since the coolant system is additionally provided with a third circulation pump 203, the third circulation pump 203 is connected in series with the liquid-cooled battery 24, so that the active heat dissipation and active temperature equalization functions of the liquid-cooled battery 24 can be realized; The active cooling mode of this control method is as follows Fig.15 As shown, when it is detected that the temperature of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is high and needs to be cooled, it is only necessary to adjust the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig.15 At the position shown, the third circulation pump 203 and the fan of the off-board heat exchanger 22 are started, and the waste heat of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is directly released into the air outside the cabin through the off-board heat exchanger 22. The active temperature averaging mode of this control method is shown in the attached Fig.16 , 17 As shown, when it is detected that the temperature consistency of the battery cells of the liquid-cooled battery 24 is poor, the valve core of the multi-way valve group 20 is adjusted to the position shown in the attached figure. Fig.16 Or the position shown in 17, start the third circulation pump 203 and the internal circulation of the coolant of the liquid-cooled battery 24 to achieve the battery temperature equalization function. Since the multi-way valve group 20 is provided with the 8th and 9th interfaces, as shown in the attached Fig.18 As shown, the liquid-cooled battery 24, the first circulation pump 201, and the electric drive and electric control device 23 form a series circuit through the second and ninth interfaces of the multi-way valve group 20. The control method has the following characteristics: Fig.18 The battery heat storage mode directly supplied by the electric drive and electronic control device 23 is shown. The vehicle with the low-cost thermal management system described in the present invention includes pure electric, oil-electric hybrid, and hydrogen-powered vehicles that travel on land, water, and air and are driven by electric motors. It has a simple structure, high efficiency, stability, and low cost.

Claims

1. A low-cost thermal management system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main heat exchanger (12), an intermediate heat exchanger (14), a front heat exchanger (21), and an off-board heat exchanger (22); the main heat exchanger (12) is a refrigerant-coolant-air three-medium heat exchange structure; the intermediate heat exchanger (14) is a refrigerant-coolant two-medium heat exchange structure; the front heat exchanger (21) and the off-board heat exchanger (22) are both coolant-air two-medium heat exchange structures; the front heat exchanger (21) and the main heat exchanger (12) are sequentially arranged in the air duct of the air conditioner in the cabin along the wind direction; and the off-board heat exchanger (22) is placed in the ambient air outside the cabin; The refrigerant channels of the main heat exchanger (12) and the intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected to the four-way valve (10), the compressor (11), and the throttle valve (13), forming a phase change medium heat pump unit based on the switching of the four-way valve (10); The cooling liquid channels of the main heat exchanger (12) and the intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected to the multi-way valve group (20), the first circulation pump (201), the second circulation pump (202), the preheat exchanger (21), the outboard heat exchanger (22) and the electric drive and electric control device (23), forming a pump-driven cooling liquid unit based on the switching of the multi-way valve group (20); The multi-way valve group (20) has at least 7 external interfaces. After the electric drive and electric control device (23) and the first circulation pump (201) are connected in series to form a first pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 1 and 2 of the multi-way valve group (20). After the second circulation pump (202), the cabin radiator (22), and the cooling liquid channel of the intermediate heat exchanger (14) are connected in series to form a second pipe section, they are communicated with interfaces 3 and 4 of the multi-way valve group (20). The front heat exchanger (21) is communicated with interfaces 5 and 6 of the multi-way valve group (20). The cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger (12) is communicated with interfaces 7 and 1 of the multi-way valve group (20). The valve core communication modes of the four-way valve (10) and the multi-way valve group (20) are adjusted respectively, and the heat pump unit and the coolant unit can form cold and hot circuits in various combinations.

2. The low-cost thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a liquid-cooled battery (24), which is connected in series in a pipeline between a cooling liquid channel of the main heat exchanger (12) and a first interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

3. The low-cost thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a third circulation pump (203), and there are also 8th and 9th interfaces between the 7th and 1st interfaces of the multi-way valve group (20), the first end of the third circulation pump (203) is connected to the 8th interface of the multi-way valve group (20), the second end of the third circulation pump (203) is connected to the first end of the liquid-cooled battery (24), and the second end of the liquid-cooled battery (24) is connected to the 9th interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

4. The low-cost thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It also includes an expansion water tank (25) which is in communication with the first interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

5. The low-cost thermal management system according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary heater connected in series between the electric drive and electric control device (23) and the second interface of the multi-way valve group (20).

6. A control method for controlling the operation of the low-cost thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Based on the temperature and humidity requirements of the cabin environment, the control methods include four modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, and cooling.

7. A control method for controlling the operation of the low-cost thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Based on the temperature and humidity of the cabin environment and the dual requirements of constant temperature of the liquid-cooled battery, the control methods include 8 modes: heating, dehumidification, heat dissipation, refrigeration, battery cold storage, battery heat storage, active heat dissipation, and active temperature equalization.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: A low-cost thermal management system comprising any one of claims 1 to 5.

9. A vehicle as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The vehicles include a variety of pure electric, hybrid, and hydrogen-powered vehicles that travel on land, water, and air and are driven by electric motors.

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