Special beet fertilizer for increasing sugar content of beet and method for planting beet by applying fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a special beet fertilizer for increasing the sugar content of beet and a method for planting beet by applying the fertilizer, and the special beet fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of beet pulp, 10-20 parts of corn straw, 10-20 parts of rice hull powder, 3-5 parts of fungicide, 2-4 parts of herba houttuyniae, 2-4 parts of dandelion, 4-6 parts of folium artemisiae argyi and 3-5 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. According to the beet fertilizer, leftover beet pulp obtained after beet sugar manufacturing is used as a main component, the corn straw and the rice hull powder are compounded, then the aspergillus niger is added, fermentation is conducted, then the traditional Chinese medicine ingredients are added, finally, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is added, and the finally obtained beet special fertilizer can improve the yield of beets and the sugar content of the beets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets and a method for planting beets using the fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Beet (Betavulgaris), also known as beetroot, is a biennial herb native to the western and southern coasts of Europe. It was transplanted from Sweden to Spain and is a major source of sugar besides tropical sugarcane. Beetroot is easy to digest, helps improve appetite, relieves headaches, and prevents colds and anemia. The process of making cold beetroot is simple. After peeling and cutting the beetroot into strips, you can freely season it. Beetroot juice is rich in nitrite, which has the effects of lowering blood pressure and preventing Alzheimer's disease. In addition, beets can directly produce white sugar through the percolation method and clarification by the carbonation method, but not raw sugar.

[0003] The development of sugar beet production plays an important role in the rational layout and balanced development of my country's sugar industry and in increasing farmers' income. Since the raw material cost of sugar-making enterprises accounts for a large proportion, generally speaking, the raw material cost accounts for more than 70% of the sugar processing cost. How to effectively control the raw material cost is the key to improving the economic benefits of sugar-making enterprises. The focus of raw material cost control is to improve the quality of raw materials, so it is necessary to pay attention to it from the raw material planting stage. In recent years, in the process of sugar beet planting, farmers have fertilized sugar beets based on their many years of planting experience. The application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers far exceeds the growth needs of sugar beets, which not only causes an increase in fertilizer costs, but also leads to environmental pollution, deterioration of soil structure, and reduced sugar beet yield and quality.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to find a beet cultivation method that can promote crop yield and quality improvement and help protect the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets and a method for planting beets using the fertilizer. The special fertilizer for beets prepared by the method of the present application can increase the yield of beets and the sugar content of beets.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets, the special fertilizer being composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of beet pulp, 10-20 parts of corn stalks, 10-20 parts of rice husk powder, 3-5 parts of Aspergillus niger, 2-4 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 2-4 parts of dandelions, 4-6 parts of mugwort leaves and 3-5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0008] Furthermore, the special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 15 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of rice husk powder, 4 parts of Aspergillus niger, 3 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of dandelion, 5 parts of mugwort and 4 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0009] Furthermore, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 2-3:1:2.

[0010] Furthermore, the Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger strain BC70011, and its preservation number is: CGMCCNO.22437.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sugar beet special fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) preparing fermentation material: beet pulp, corn stalks and rice husk powder are mixed, then Aspergillus niger is added, and then fermented at 26-28° C. for 4-5 days to obtain fermentation material for use;

[0013] (2) Preparation of functional fertilizer: Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and wormwood are respectively extracted with ethanol, the obtained extracts are mixed, and then concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume to obtain a functional agent, and then the functional agent is added to the fermentation material, and fermented at a temperature of 24-25° C. for 1-3 days to obtain a functional fertilizer;

[0014] (3) Preparation of special fertilizer for sugar beet: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the functional fertilizers and mix them thoroughly to obtain the special fertilizer for sugar beet.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for planting beets using special fertilizer for beets, characterized in that the method comprises applying the special fertilizer for beets as base fertilizer once during autumn or spring turning, with an application amount of 60-80 kg / mu.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention proposes a special fertilizer for beets, which is used in beet planting and can solve the problems of low beet yield and low sugar content. Beet pulp is used as the main raw material to fully utilize the waste materials after beet sugar production. However, experiments have found that directly applying beet pulp to fertilizer preparation will lead to a low beet germination rate. This may be because a certain component in the beet pulp inhibits germination. Therefore, the applicant compounded the beet pulp with Aspergillus niger and fermented it. It was unexpectedly found that after fermentation, not only the germination rate can be improved, but the sugar content of the beets is also significantly improved. The present application also compounds corn straw and rice husk powder, which can increase nutrients while improving the air permeability and drainage of the fertilizer, so that the nutrients can be diffused and absorbed by the beet plants.

[0018] In addition, since the soil contains beet root rot pathogens, the pathogens parasitize on the soil or diseased residues for a long time, and the microbial flora is destroyed, causing beet root rot. Beet belongs to root crops, and the occurrence of root rot will directly affect the yield and economic benefits. Based on this, the applicant adds a fungicide composition component to the special fertilizer, and the experiment verifies that the addition of the fungicide composition can effectively reduce the incidence of root rot. In the process of selecting the Chinese medicine fungicide composition, it is also found that the addition of some Chinese medicine fungicide compositions will affect the increase in sugar content. The applicant speculates that it is because some Chinese medicines have an effect on the fermentation of the Aspergillus niger, which may inhibit the growth of Aspergillus niger, resulting in incomplete fermentation of beet residues, thereby affecting the absorption of effective ingredients by beet plants, and ultimately leading to a decrease in the sugar content of beets. Therefore, selecting a suitable fungicide composition is also the content that needs to be studied in this application. The Chinese medicine composition of this application can not only reduce the incidence of beet root rot, but also will not cause a decrease in the sugar content of beets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following embodiments may help those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but shall not limit the present invention in any way.

[0020] Example 1

[0021] The present embodiment provides a special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets, and the special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of beet pulp, 10 parts of corn stalks, 10 parts of rice husk powder, 3 parts of Aspergillus niger, 2 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 2 parts of dandelion, 4 parts of mugwort and 3 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0022] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 2:1:2. The Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger strain BC70011, which was deposited in the General Microbiological Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on May 27, 2021, and its deposit number is: CGMCC NO.22437.

[0023] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sugar beet special fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0024] (1) preparing fermentation material: beet pulp, corn stalks and rice husk powder are mixed, then Aspergillus niger is added, and then fermented at 26° C. for 4 days to obtain fermentation material for use;

[0025] (2) Preparation of functional fertilizer: Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and wormwood are respectively added with 75vt% ethanol, extracted at a temperature of 55°C, the obtained extracts are mixed, and then concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume to obtain a functional agent, and then the functional agent is added to the fermentation material, and fermented at a temperature of 24°C for 3 days to obtain a functional fertilizer;

[0026] (3) Preparation of special fertilizer for sugar beet: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the functional fertilizers and mix them thoroughly to obtain the special fertilizer for sugar beet.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The present embodiment provides a special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets, and the special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 15 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of rice husk powder, 4 parts of Aspergillus niger, 3 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of dandelions, 5 parts of mugwort leaves, and 4 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0029] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 3:1:2. The Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger strain BC70011, which was deposited in the General Microbiological Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on May 27, 2021, and its deposit number is: CGMCC NO.22437.

[0030] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sugar beet special fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) preparing fermentation material: beet pulp, corn stalks and rice husk powder are mixed, then Aspergillus niger is added, and then fermented at 27° C. for 4 days to obtain fermentation material for use;

[0032] (2) Preparation of functional fertilizer: Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and wormwood are respectively added with 75vt% ethanol, extracted at 60°C, the obtained extracts are mixed, and then concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume to obtain a functional agent, and then the functional agent is added to the fermentation material, and fermented at 25°C for 2 days to obtain a functional fertilizer;

[0033] (3) Preparation of special fertilizer for sugar beet: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the functional fertilizers and mix them thoroughly to obtain the special fertilizer for sugar beet.

[0034] Example 3

[0035] The present embodiment provides a special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets, and the special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of beet pulp, 20 parts of corn stalks, 20 parts of rice husk powder, 5 parts of Aspergillus niger, 4 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 4 parts of dandelions, 6 parts of mugwort leaves, and 5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0036] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 3:1:2. The Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger strain BC70011, which was deposited in the General Microbiological Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on May 27, 2021, and its deposit number is: CGMCC NO.22437.

[0037] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned sugar beet special fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) preparing fermentation material: beet pulp, corn stalks and rice husk powder are mixed, then Aspergillus niger is added, and then fermented at 28° C. for 5 days to obtain fermentation material for use;

[0039] (2) Preparation of functional fertilizer: Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and wormwood are respectively added with 75vt% ethanol, extracted at 60°C, the obtained extracts are mixed, and then concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume to obtain a functional agent, and then the functional agent is added to the fermentation material, and fermented at 25°C for 3 days to obtain a functional fertilizer;

[0040] (3) Preparation of special fertilizer for sugar beet: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the functional fertilizers and mix them thoroughly to obtain the special fertilizer for sugar beet.

[0041] Test example:

[0042] In order to illustrate the practical effect of the present application, the applicant conducted a planting experiment on beets in Yushugou Town, Changji, Xinjiang. The climate type of the region is a mid-temperate zone, a typical continental arid climate, with an average annual temperature of 6.8°C, a frost-free period of 160-190 days, an average annual sunshine of 2700 hours, an annual accumulated temperature of ≥10°C of 3450°C, and an average annual precipitation of 190 mm. The soil is loam, the land is flat, and the fertility is uniform.

[0043] Test crops: sugar beet variety KWS1231, equal row spacing planting pattern with drip irrigation under film, 2 films and 4 rows, row length of 5m, width of 4m, row spacing of 0.5m, and plant spacing of 0.18cm.

[0044] The experiment set up 8 treatments. The fertilizers obtained by all treatment groups were applied once during the autumn or spring turning time. Each treatment experiment was repeated 3 times and the random method was used. The area of ​​the plot was 10 mu.

[0045] The treatment groups were as follows:

[0046] The first group: the sugar beet fertilizer prepared in the manner of Example 2;

[0047] Group 2: NPK fertilizer (urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate mixed in a mass ratio of 3:1:2), and chemical agents to prevent root rot;

[0048] The third group: Aspergillus niger was removed, and the other methods were the same as those in Example 2;

[0049] Group 4: beet pulp was removed, and other methods were the same as those in Example 2;

[0050] Group 5: Houttuynia cordata was replaced with Bupleurum chinense, and the other methods were the same as those in Example 2;

[0051] Group 6: Replace Artemisia argyi and dandelion with Radix Isatidis and Folium Isatidis, and the other methods are the same as those in Example 2;

[0052] Group 7: removing Houttuynia cordata, Artemisia argyi and Taraxacum officinale, and other methods are the same as those in Example 2;

[0053] Group 8: Aspergillus niger was CGMCC No.5343 (purchased from CGMCC, the acquisition method can refer to patent CN201110367432.2), and the other methods were the same as those in Example 2.

[0054] Except for the differences emphasized above, other treatment operations were the same; the beet planting effects of the above treatment groups were tested, including the emergence rate, root rot incidence, yield, sugar content, etc. The recorded data are shown in Table 1;

[0055] Table 1 Comparison of sugar beet planting effects under different fertilizer treatments

[0056] Seedling rate (%) Root rot incidence (%) Sugar content (%) Output (tons / acre) Group 1 95.3 3.5 14.82 5.28 Group 2 89.4 6.4 12.68 4.13 Group 3 88.1 3.4 12.94 4.35 Group 4 92.5 3.6 12.05 5.02 Group 5 90.4 3.2 13.10 5.15 Group 6 90.2 3.8 12.98 4.98 Group 7 89.3 19.3 12.71 3.61 Group 8 87.2 3.4 12.53 4.02

[0057] According to the results in Table 1, the beet-specific fertilizer prepared by the method of the present application can not only increase the yield and sugar content of beets, but also reduce the incidence of root rot. By using the Aspergillus niger compound beet residue for fermentation, the effective ingredients of the beet residue are fully utilized by the plants, so that the sugar content is effectively improved. The second group used chemical fertilizers with unsatisfactory yield and sugar content. The third group had a low emergence rate after removing Aspergillus niger, and the sugar content was also unsatisfactory, indicating that fermentation after the Aspergillus niger compound was necessary. In combination with the eighth group, another strain of Aspergillus niger was used, and the effect was not as good as the strain BC70011 of the present application, indicating that the selection of strains is also very critical, and its fermentation mechanism and the formation of effective ingredients may be very different. It is also possible that the activity of Aspergillus niger CGMCCNo.5343 is inhibited by several Chinese medicines of the present application. In short, when preparing the beet-specific fertilizer described in the present application, the Aspergillus niger of the strain BC70011 can achieve the described technical effect. In addition, after the beet pulp was removed from the fourth group, the sugar content was lower, indicating that the fertilizer obtained by the complex fermentation of beet pulp and Aspergillus niger in the present application can effectively increase the sugar content of beets. From the fifth to the seventh groups, the raw material composition of the Chinese medicine bactericidal ingredients was replaced, and it was found that many Chinese medicines can also prevent and treat root rot, but after the replacement of the Chinese medicine ingredients, the sugar content of the beets cannot be guaranteed.

[0058] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred feasible embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modified changes completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A special fertilizer for beets for increasing the sugar content of beets, characterized in that: The special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of beet pulp, 10-20 parts of corn stalks, 10-20 parts of rice husk powder, 3-5 parts of Aspergillus niger, 2-4 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 2-4 parts of dandelion, 4-6 parts of mugwort and 3-5 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

2. The sugar beet fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of beet pulp, 15 parts of corn stalks, 15 parts of rice husk powder, 4 parts of Aspergillus niger, 3 parts of Houttuynia cordata, 3 parts of dandelion, 5 parts of Artemisia argyi and 4 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

3. The sugar beet fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate in a mass ratio of 2-3:1:

2.

4. The special fertilizer for sugar beet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger strain BC70011, and its preservation number is: CGMCC NO.22437.

5. A method for preparing the special fertilizer for sugar beet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing fermentation material: beet pulp, corn stalks and rice husk powder are mixed, then Aspergillus niger is added, and then fermented at 26-28° C. for 4-5 days to obtain fermentation material for use; (2) Preparation of functional fertilizer: Houttuynia cordata, dandelion and wormwood are respectively extracted with ethanol, the obtained extracts are mixed, and then concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume to obtain a functional agent, and then the functional agent is added to the fermentation material, and fermented at a temperature of 24-25° C. for 1-3 days to obtain a functional fertilizer; (3) Preparation of special fertilizer for sugar beet: Add nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to the functional fertilizers and mix them thoroughly to obtain the special fertilizer for sugar beet.

6. A method for planting beets using the beet-specific fertilizer prepared by the method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: using sugar beet special fertilizer as base fertilizer, applying it during autumn or spring tillage, and applying the fertilizer in an amount of 60-80 kg / mu.