A rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways and its working method

Abstract

This invention discloses a rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system and its working method for mine roadways. The multi-cavity fireproof airbag is fixed within the roadway by a fixed frame. The multi-cavity fireproof airbag consists of three independent chambers: an inner chamber, a middle chamber, and an outer chamber, which are nested sequentially. Different media are injected into each chamber as it unfolds. This three-layer nesting method effectively ensures fire prevention and extinguishing effects on the roadway. The control center receives and analyzes data from the data detection device to determine if there is a risk of spontaneous combustion of coal or gas explosion. If so, it issues an early warning to allow personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly. Once the personnel monitoring device confirms that there are no personnel in the roadway, the multi-cavity fireproof airbags are sequentially deployed to seal the roadway, minimizing the risk of a gas explosion. Even if an explosion does occur, the system effectively controls the blast radius, ultimately improving the safety of coal mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine safety technology and emergency rescue equipment, specifically a rapid sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways and its working method. The aim is to provide an emergency rescue device that can quickly and effectively seal coal mine roadways, reduce air inflow, curb the spread of fire, reduce the risk of explosion, and protect the lives of workers. Background Technology

[0002] Coal mine fires pose a significant threat, not only destroying valuable equipment and resources but also directly endangering the lives of workers and potentially triggering gas explosions, exacerbating the disaster. Currently, coal mines widely employ tunnel sealing technology as a key strategy to contain the spread of fire and suffocate the ignition source by isolating oxygen. This technology plays a crucial role in fire prevention and control practices. Its core principle is to isolate the fire zone, cut off the oxygen supply path, and force the fire source to weaken or even extinguish due to oxygen deficiency. However, implementing tunnel sealing operations also carries significant risks. The sealing process reduces airflow, leading to accelerated gas accumulation within the enclosed space, which mixes with oxygen in the airflow to form flammable and explosive gases. Combined with the unresolved ignition source, this significantly increases the risk of gas explosions, posing a serious threat to the safety of on-site workers. Traditional sealed structures are often constructed using materials such as sand, gravel, and concrete. This process requires a large amount of material preparation, manual wall construction, is time-consuming and labor-intensive, inefficient, and increases management difficulty due to the high density of on-site workers.

[0003] While breakthroughs have been made in polymer rapid-setting filling and novel inorganic rapid-hardening material technologies in recent years to address the aforementioned problems, limitations such as large workloads and long cycles remain in engineering implementation. Furthermore, currently widely used umbrella-shaped and airbag-type sealing devices lack the necessary explosion-proof capabilities and are unable to withstand the impact of potential gas explosions within confined spaces, thus failing to fully ensure absolute safety in mines under sealed conditions. Therefore, exploring more efficient, safer, and explosion-proof coal mine roadway sealing devices and methods has become an important research direction for improving coal mine fire emergency response capabilities and ensuring the safety of workers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system and its working method for mine roadways. It can quickly determine the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal or gas explosion based on monitoring, and take fire prevention and extinguishing measures to prevent gas explosion as much as possible. Furthermore, it can effectively control the impact range of the explosion after it occurs.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a rapid sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways, comprising a fixed frame, a multi-cavity fireproof airbag, a data detection device, a personnel monitoring device, and a control center;

[0006] The fixed frame is installed in the tunnel and is used to place multi-cavity fireproof airbags. The fixed frame is provided with mounting holes, and the anchor rod passes through the mounting holes to fix the fixed frame to the tunnel wall.

[0007] The multi-cavity fireproof airbag includes an outer airbag, a middle airbag, and an inner airbag. The outer airbag is housed within a fixed frame. The middle airbag is housed inside the outer airbag and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer airbag. The inner airbag is housed inside the middle airbag and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle airbag. An air injection device provides oxygen-free gas to the outer and inner airbags, and a water injection device injects water into the middle airbag. After the outer airbag is inflated and deployed, it can seal the cross-section of the roadway. After the middle airbag is inflated and deployed, it increases the overall weight of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag and improves its impact resistance. After the inner airbag is inflated and deployed, it increases the water pressure inside the middle airbag to maintain the stability of the entire multi-cavity fireproof airbag after deployment.

[0008] The data detection device is a sensor network composed of multiple detection units. Each detection unit is deployed at different locations in the roadway and performs gas detection at its location. Then, the detected gas data is fed back to the control center.

[0009] The personnel monitoring device is installed inside the tunnel and is used to record the number of people working in the tunnel and report it to the control center.

[0010] The control center is used to receive data from the gas detection device, analyze and determine whether there is a risk of gas explosion, and issue an early warning through the alarm device installed in the roadway as needed. At the same time, after the personnel monitoring device reports that all personnel have left the roadway, it controls the gas injection device and water injection device to deploy the multi-cavity fireproof airbag for roadway sealing and fire prevention.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an oxygen absorption device, which comprises multiple storage containers with electrically operated opening and closing ports. These containers are evenly distributed within the roadway, and each container contains oxygen absorbent. When the control center determines that there is a risk of gas explosion, it can control the opening of each storage container to release the oxygen absorbent and absorb oxygen within the roadway. By absorbing oxygen within the roadway, the likelihood of subsequent combustion from spontaneous coal combustion or gas explosion can be reduced.

[0012] Furthermore, the oxygen absorbent is prepared by mixing 95% ferrous sulfate and 5% silica gel powder by weight percentage. Ferrous sulfate has a significant oxygen absorption capacity and can chemically react with oxygen in the air, rapidly absorbing and consuming oxygen. In addition, to prevent the ferrous sulfate powder from reacting with moisture in the air and becoming ineffective during long-term storage, 5% silica gel powder is added to the powder for physical drying (chemical desiccants are not used to avoid the ferrous sulfate from reacting and losing its oxygen absorption capacity). Silica gel powder has good hygroscopic properties and can effectively absorb moisture in the container, thereby preventing the ferrous sulfate from reacting with moisture and maintaining its oxygen absorption capacity.

[0013] Furthermore, the personnel monitoring device includes an infrared scanning device, a monitoring and positioning device, and a positioning terminal. The monitoring and positioning device is deployed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, and the positioning terminal is installed on the personnel. When a person passes through the monitoring and positioning device, the monitoring and positioning device and the positioning terminal wirelessly record whether the person has passed through the entrance or exit of the tunnel. There are two infrared scanning devices, which are respectively installed on both sides of the fixed frame and the two infrared scanning devices face opposite directions. They are used to determine whether the personnel have passed through the fixed frame and their direction. Together with the monitoring and positioning device, they form a double-insurance monitoring system to ensure that the multi-cavity fireproof airbag is deployed only after the personnel in the tunnel have left.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer airbag is made of a composite fabric interwoven with aramid fibers and glass fibers, and its explosion-facing surface is additionally provided with a 1-1.5 mm thick layer of P4U smart material fabric and a 0.1 mm thick inhibitor (magnesium hydroxide) coating; the middle airbag is made of polyester fiber or nylon fiber, and the inner wall of the middle airbag is coated with a polyurethane coating; the inner airbag is made of aramid fiber.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer airbag, the middle airbag, and the inner airbag are all equipped with pressure sensors to monitor the pressure data inside each airbag.

[0016] Furthermore, the gas injection device consists of two silicone-reinforced fiber hoses with control valves. One end of each hose is connected to a high-pressure gas pipe underground, and the other end is connected to the outer and inner air bladders, respectively. The water injection device is a steel-braided high-pressure rubber hose with a control valve. One end is connected to a high-pressure water pipe underground, and the other end is connected to the middle air bladder. The control center can individually control the opening and closing of each control valve. Silicone-reinforced fiber hoses possess excellent high-temperature resistance, aging resistance, good flexibility, and wear resistance, making them suitable for material transport in food and beverage and medical equipment applications, as well as special industrial scenarios involving high temperatures, strong acids and alkalis, and organic solvents. Although less commonly used underground, they offer significant advantages over commonly used rubber hoses, PVC gas extraction pipes, and steel-braided hoses in mines. They have a temperature range of 60℃ to 250℃, strong chemical corrosion resistance, good flexibility, high pressure resistance, are hygienic, safe, non-toxic, and pollution-free, have a long service life, and can better adapt to the complex and harsh underground environment, reducing costs and risks. The inner diameter of the hose is selected from 25mm to 50mm, and the wall thickness, considering pressure resistance and wear resistance, is generally 2mm to 4mm. The working pressure can reach at least 2MPa. Steel wire braided high-pressure rubber hoses have significant advantages: strong pressure resistance, meeting the needs of high-pressure water delivery in wells such as deep drainage, which ordinary hoses cannot match; high strength and durability, excellent resistance to external forces, and long service life; combining flexibility and good bending resistance, facilitating pipeline laying in complex underground spaces, and ensuring stable and reliable water delivery. Inner diameter: selected between 32mm and 65mm. Wall thickness: considering pressure resistance and wear resistance, the wall thickness is selected from 3mm to 6mm. The working pressure can withstand at least 4MPa.

[0017] Furthermore, the detection unit includes a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide gas concentration sensor, a methane gas concentration sensor, and an ethylene gas concentration sensor, used to detect the temperature, carbon monoxide gas concentration, methane gas concentration, and ethylene gas concentration at the location and feed them back to the control center.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes an emergency start switch installed at the tunnel exit. The emergency start switch can be manually controlled by personnel to inflate and deploy the multi-chamber fireproof airbag to block the tunnel. The addition of this device ensures that in case the equipment fails to operate normally, whether the staff monitoring remotely in the dispatch room or the staff on the mine site can quickly control the device in an emergency.

[0019] The working method of the above-mentioned rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways includes the following specific steps:

[0020] A. Deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system: Select an installation location in the roadway and place the fixed frame at that location. Then, use anchor bolts to securely connect the fixed frame to the roadway. Install the multi-chamber fire-resistant airbags on the fixed frame, keeping them in an undeployed state. Connect the air injection device to the inner and outer airbags, and the water injection device to the middle airbag. Next, deploy the data detection device and personnel monitoring device in the roadway. Finally, connect the water injection device, air injection device, data detection device, and personnel monitoring device to the control center to complete the deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system.

[0021] B. Set thresholds: Set the temperature threshold, carbon monoxide gas concentration threshold, methane gas concentration threshold and ethylene gas concentration threshold in sequence in the control center;

[0022] C. Safety Monitoring: The data detection device periodically monitors the temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at different locations within the roadway and feeds the data back to the control center. The control center compares and analyzes each detection data point with set thresholds. Specifically, the judgment is as follows: First, the temperature data at different locations is compared with the temperature thresholds. If the temperature data does not exceed the temperature thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If the temperature data at a certain location exceeds the temperature threshold, the corresponding carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at that location are compared with their respective thresholds. If all monitored values ​​do not exceed the thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If any monitored value exceeds the threshold, the roadway is judged to be in an unsafe state, and the control center issues a warning through the alarm device, prompting personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly and proceed to step D.

[0023] D. Deployment of Multi-Cavity Fireproof Airbags: The control center receives real-time feedback from the personnel monitoring device regarding the number of people in the roadway. When the number of people in the roadway is zero, the control center first controls the air injection device to inject air into the outer layer airbags for a period of time, causing them to rapidly expand and deploy to seal the roadway section. After the outer layer airbags stop being injected, the water injection device injects water into the middle layer airbags for a period of time at a pressure greater than that of the outer layer airbags, causing them to expand and increase the overall weight of the multi-cavity fireproof airbags. At the same time, the expansion of the middle layer airbags reduces the internal space of the outer layer airbags, thereby increasing the internal air pressure of the outer layer airbags and improving the sealing effect. After the middle layer airbags stop being injected with water, the air injection device injects air into the inner layer airbags for a period of time at a pressure greater than that of the middle layer airbags. During the expansion and deployment process, the inner layer airbags are pressurized, thereby causing the middle layer airbags to fully expand and increasing the water pressure within them, completing the deployment process of the multi-cavity fireproof airbags.

[0024] E. Fire Prevention and Extinguishing: When a gas explosion or spontaneous combustion of coal occurs in the roadway and the resulting hot airflow reaches the multi-cavity fireproof airbag, the outer airbag is first impacted and deformed, and the impact force is then transferred to the middle and inner airbags in sequence to buffer and block the hot airflow. The water in the middle airbag cools the hot airflow, thus achieving the fire prevention and extinguishing process in the roadway. If the impact force of the hot airflow is too large and causes the outer airbag to rupture, the oxygen-free gas inside is released into the roadway to continue to suppress the flames. The middle and inner airbags can continue to partially block the hot airflow, thereby ensuring the fire prevention and extinguishing effect in the roadway.

[0025] Furthermore, the gas injected by the gas injection device is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, this invention adopts a combination of a fixed frame, multi-cavity fireproof airbags, data detection devices, personnel monitoring devices, and a control center. The multi-cavity fireproof airbag is fixed in the roadway by the fixed frame. The multi-cavity fireproof airbag is divided into three independent chambers: an inner chamber, a middle chamber, and an outer chamber, which are nested sequentially. When deployed, air is injected first to expand the outer chamber for rapid sealing. Subsequently, water and air are injected sequentially to expand the middle and inner chambers. During deployment, the middle chamber increases the air pressure inside the outer chamber, further enhancing its sealing effect. Simultaneously, the expansion of the inner chamber allows the middle chamber to fully expand, achieving complete deployment and sealing of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag. After full deployment, the outer chamber is used for direct contact with the coal seam. The hot gas flow generated by a coal fire or gas explosion, after being compressed and deformed, can transfer the impact force and heat to the middle layer of the airbag. The water inside the middle layer of the airbag can cool the heat, and water has better impact resistance. Finally, the remaining impact force is transferred to the inner layer of the airbag for buffering. This three-layer nested structure, with different media injected, can effectively ensure the fire prevention and extinguishing effect in the roadway. The data detection device is used to monitor the temperature and gas data at different locations in the roadway, the personnel monitoring device is used to monitor the number of people in the roadway, and the control center is used to receive the data feedback from the data detection device, analyze and process it to determine whether there is a risk of coal spontaneous combustion or gas explosion. If so, it can issue an early warning to allow personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly. After confirming that there are no personnel in the roadway through the personnel monitoring device, the multi-cavity fireproof airbags are deployed sequentially to seal the roadway. This invention can quickly determine the risk of coal spontaneous combustion or gas explosion based on monitoring, enabling personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly and take fire prevention and extinguishing measures to prevent gas explosions as much as possible. After an explosion occurs, it can effectively control the impact range of the explosion, ultimately effectively improving the safety of coal mining. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag after deployment in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front view of the inner airbag after it has been deployed in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The right view;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a front view of the middle layer capsule after it has been unfolded in this invention;

[0032] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The right view;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a front view of the outer airbag after it has been deployed in this invention;

[0034] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The right view;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fixed frame in this invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1-Fixed frame, 2-Inner airbag, 3-Middle airbag body, 4-Outer airbag, 5-Infrared scanning device. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further described below.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways includes a fixed frame 1, a multi-cavity fireproof airbag, a data detection device, a personnel monitoring device, and a control center.

[0039] like Figure 9 As shown, the fixed frame 1 is installed in the tunnel and is used to place multi-cavity fireproof airbags. The fixed frame 1 is provided with mounting holes, and the anchor rod passes through the mounting holes to fix the fixed frame 1 to the tunnel wall.

[0040] like Figures 2 to 8As shown, the multi-cavity fireproof airbag includes an outer airbag 4, a middle airbag body 3, and an inner airbag 2. The outer airbag 4 is installed within a fixed frame 1. The middle airbag body 3 is installed inside the outer airbag 4 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer airbag. The inner airbag 2 is installed inside the middle airbag body 3 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle airbag body. An air injection device is used to provide oxygen-free gas, namely nitrogen or carbon dioxide, to the outer airbag 4 and the inner airbag 2. A water injection device is used to inject water into the middle airbag body 3. After the outer airbag 4 is inflated and deployed, it can seal the cross-section of the roadway it is located in. The middle airbag body 3 is inflated and deployed. After inflation, the multi-chamber fireproof airbag increases the overall weight and improves its impact resistance. The inner airbag 2, when inflated, increases the water pressure inside the middle airbag 3, maintaining the stability of the entire multi-chamber fireproof airbag after deployment. The outer airbag 4 is made of a composite fabric interwoven with aramid and glass fibers, with a 1-1.5 mm thick layer of P4U smart material fabric and a 0.1 mm thick inhibitor (magnesium hydroxide) coating added to its blast-facing surface. The middle airbag 3 is made of polyester or nylon fiber, with a polyurethane coating on its inner wall. The inner airbag 2 is made of aramid fiber. All three airbags—outer airbag 4, middle airbag 3, and inner airbag 2—are equipped with pressure sensors to monitor the pressure data inside each airbag. Each airbag must be able to withstand at least 20 times the normal gas pressure in the mine; burst pressure: the airbag must remain unruptured even when subjected to burst pressure exceeding 50% of its design pressure.

[0041] The data detection device is a sensor network composed of multiple detection units. Each detection unit is deployed at different locations in the roadway and performs gas detection at its location. The detected gas data is then fed back to the control center. The detection unit includes a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide gas concentration sensor, a methane gas concentration sensor, and an ethylene gas concentration sensor, which are used to detect the temperature, carbon monoxide gas concentration, methane gas concentration, and ethylene gas concentration at the location and feed them back to the control center.

[0042] The personnel monitoring device is installed inside the tunnel to record the number of workers inside and report back to the control center. The device includes an infrared scanning device 5, a monitoring and positioning device, and a positioning terminal. The monitoring and positioning device is deployed at the tunnel entrance and exit, and the positioning terminal is attached to the personnel. When a person passes the monitoring and positioning device, the device and the positioning terminal wirelessly record whether the person has passed the tunnel entrance or exit. There are two infrared scanning devices 5, installed on both sides of the fixed frame 1 with opposite orientations. These devices are used to determine whether a person has passed through the fixed frame 1 and their direction of travel. Together with the monitoring and positioning device, they form a double-insurance monitoring system, ensuring that the multi-cavity fireproof airbag is deployed only after personnel have left the tunnel. The infrared scanning device's judgment process is as follows: the infrared scanning devices 5 on both sides of the fixed frame 1 continuously detect human body heat sources. When a person passes from one side of the fixed frame 1 to the other, the infrared scanning devices 5 on both sides of the fixed frame 1 will sequentially detect the human body heat source. The direction of the person is confirmed by the time sequence detected by the infrared scanning devices 5 on both sides, thus recording the number of people passing through and determining their direction.

[0043] The control center receives data from gas detection devices, analyzes it to determine the risk of gas explosion, and issues warnings via alarm devices installed in the tunnels as needed. Simultaneously, based on feedback from personnel monitoring devices indicating that all personnel have evacuated the tunnels, it controls the gas injection and water injection devices to deploy multi-chamber fireproof airbags for tunnel sealing and fire prevention. It also includes an emergency start switch installed at the tunnel exit; manual activation of this switch inflates the multi-chamber fireproof airbags to seal the tunnel. This device ensures that in emergency situations where the equipment malfunctions, both remote monitoring personnel in the control room and on-site workers can quickly control the equipment.

[0044] As an improvement of the present invention, an oxygen absorption device is also included. This device comprises multiple storage containers with electrically operated opening and closing ports, evenly distributed within the tunnel. Each container contains an oxygen absorbent. When the control center determines there is a risk of gas explosion, it can control the opening of each storage container to release the oxygen absorbent and absorb oxygen within the tunnel. By absorbing oxygen within the tunnel, the risk of subsequent combustion of spontaneously combusted coal or gas explosion can be reduced. The oxygen absorbent is a highly efficient reducing solid powder, composed of 95% ferrous sulfate and 5% silica gel powder by mass percentage. Ferrous sulfate has a significant oxygen absorption capacity, reacting chemically with oxygen in the air to rapidly absorb and consume it. Furthermore, to prevent the ferrous sulfate powder from reacting with moisture in the air and becoming ineffective during long-term storage, 5% silica gel powder is added for physical drying (chemical desiccants are not used to avoid the ferrous sulfate losing its oxygen absorption capacity). Silica gel powder has good hygroscopic properties, effectively absorbing moisture within the container, thus preventing the ferrous sulfate from reacting with moisture and maintaining its oxygen absorption capacity.

[0045] As another improvement of the present invention, the gas injection device consists of two silicone-reinforced fiber hoses with control valves. One end of each hose is connected to a high-pressure gas pipe underground, and the other end is connected to the outer and inner air bladders, respectively. The water injection device consists of a steel-braided high-pressure rubber hose with a control valve. One end of the hose is connected to a high-pressure water pipe underground, and the other end is connected to the middle air bladder. The control center can individually control the opening and closing of each control valve. Silicone-reinforced fiber hoses possess excellent high-temperature resistance, aging resistance, good flexibility, and wear resistance, making them suitable for material transport in food and beverage and medical equipment applications, as well as special industrial scenarios involving high temperatures, strong acids and alkalis, and organic solvents. Although less commonly used underground, they offer significant advantages over commonly used rubber hoses, PVC gas extraction pipes, and steel-braided hoses in mines. They have a temperature resistance range of 60℃ to 250℃, strong chemical corrosion resistance, good flexibility, high pressure resistance, are hygienic, safe, non-toxic, and pollution-free, have a long service life, and can better adapt to the complex and harsh underground environment, reducing costs and risks. The inner diameter of the hose is selected from 25mm to 50mm, and the wall thickness, considering pressure resistance and wear resistance, is generally 2mm to 4mm. The working pressure can reach at least 2MPa. Steel wire braided high-pressure rubber hoses have significant advantages: strong pressure resistance, meeting the needs of high-pressure water delivery in wells such as deep drainage, which ordinary hoses cannot match; high strength and durability, excellent resistance to external forces, and long service life; combining flexibility and good bending resistance, facilitating pipeline laying in complex underground spaces, and ensuring stable and reliable water delivery. Inner diameter: selected between 32mm and 65mm. Wall thickness: considering pressure resistance and wear resistance, the wall thickness is selected from 3mm to 6mm. The working pressure can withstand at least 4MPa.

[0046] The working method of the above-mentioned rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways includes the following specific steps:

[0047] A. Deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system: Select an installation location in the roadway and place the fixed frame 1 at that location. Then, use anchor bolts to fix the fixed frame 1 to the roadway. Install the multi-chamber fire-resistant airbags on the fixed frame 1, keeping them in an undeployed state. Connect the air injection device to the inner airbag 2 and the outer airbag 4, and connect the water injection device to the middle airbag 3. Next, deploy the data detection device and the personnel monitoring device in the roadway. Finally, connect the water injection device, the air injection device, the data detection device, and the personnel monitoring device to the control center to complete the deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system.

[0048] B. Setting Thresholds: Temperature threshold, carbon monoxide gas concentration threshold, methane gas concentration threshold, and ethylene gas concentration threshold are set sequentially in the control center. In this embodiment, the specific setting process is as follows: The temperature threshold is set to a two-level warning mode. Level 1 warning threshold: 50℃; When the coal temperature exceeds 50℃, the control center alerts workers via an alarm device to pay attention to abnormal underground temperature and to closely monitor temperature trends. Level 2 warning threshold: 90℃; When the coal temperature further rises to 90℃, it indicates a significant tendency for spontaneous combustion, at which point workers must immediately monitor changes in the concentrations of harmful gases such as methane, carbon monoxide, and ethylene.

[0049] Methane gas concentration threshold: 10,000 ppm; based on experience in coal mine gas prevention and control and relevant standards, monitoring needs to be strengthened when the methane concentration reaches 1% (10,000 ppm).

[0050] The carbon monoxide gas concentration threshold range is 50 to 1498 ppm. Different types of coal exhibit similar patterns in carbon monoxide concentration changes during spontaneous combustion, but the specific values ​​may vary. The appropriate range should be selected based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] The threshold range for ethylene gas concentration is 0.5 to 2.5 ppm. While ethylene production during coal spontaneous combustion is relatively low compared to carbon monoxide, it plays a crucial role in assessing the severity of the combustion. The threshold varies depending on the type of coal; therefore, the value should be selected within the above range based on the specific circumstances.

[0052] C. Safety Monitoring: The data detection device periodically monitors the temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at different locations within the roadway and feeds the data back to the control center. The control center compares and analyzes each detection data point with set thresholds. Specifically, the judgment is as follows: First, the temperature data at different locations is compared with the temperature thresholds. If the temperature data does not exceed the temperature thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If the temperature data at a certain location exceeds the temperature threshold, the corresponding carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at that location are compared with their respective thresholds. If all monitored values ​​do not exceed the thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If any monitored value exceeds the threshold, the roadway is judged to be in an unsafe state, and the control center issues a warning through the alarm device, prompting personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly and proceed to step D.

[0053] D. Deployment of Multi-Cavity Fireproof Airbags: The control center receives real-time feedback from the personnel monitoring device regarding the number of people in the roadway. When the number of people in the roadway is zero, the control center first controls the air injection device to inject air into the outer layer airbag 4 for a period of time, causing it to rapidly expand and deploy to seal the roadway section. After the outer layer airbag 4 stops being injected with air, the water injection device injects water into the middle layer airbag 3 for a period of time, with the water injection pressure being greater than the air injection pressure of the outer layer airbag, causing it to expand and deploy, increasing the overall weight of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag. At the same time, the deployment of the middle layer airbag 3 reduces the internal space of the outer layer airbag 4, thereby increasing the internal air pressure of the outer layer airbag 4 and improving the sealing effect. After the middle layer airbag 3 stops being injected with water, the air injection device injects air into the inner layer airbag 2 for a period of time, with the air injection pressure being greater than the water injection pressure of the middle layer airbag 3. During its expansion and deployment, the inner layer airbag 2 applies pressure to the water inside the middle layer airbag 3, thereby causing the middle layer airbag 3 to fully deploy and increasing the water pressure inside the middle layer airbag 3, completing the deployment process of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag.

[0054] E. Fire Prevention and Extinguishing: When a gas explosion or spontaneous combustion of coal occurs in the roadway and the resulting hot airflow reaches the multi-cavity fireproof airbag, the outer airbag 4 is first impacted and deformed, and the impact force is sequentially transferred to the middle airbag 3 and the inner airbag 2, which buffer and block the hot airflow. The water in the middle airbag 3 can cool the hot airflow, thus achieving the fire prevention and extinguishing process in the roadway. If the impact force of the hot airflow is large and causes the outer airbag 4 to rupture, the oxygen-free gas inside is released into the roadway to continue to suppress the flames. The middle airbag 3 and the inner airbag 2 can continue to partially block the hot airflow, thereby ensuring the fire prevention and extinguishing effect in the roadway.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways, characterized in that, Includes a fixed frame, multi-cavity fire-resistant airbags, data detection devices, personnel monitoring devices, and a control center; The fixed frame is installed in the tunnel and is used to place multi-cavity fireproof airbags. The fixed frame is provided with mounting holes, and the anchor rod passes through the mounting holes to fix the fixed frame to the tunnel wall. The multi-cavity fireproof airbag includes an outer airbag, a middle airbag, and an inner airbag. The outer airbag is housed within a fixed frame. The middle airbag is housed inside the outer airbag and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer airbag. The inner airbag is housed inside the middle airbag and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the middle airbag. An air injection device provides oxygen-free gas to the outer and inner airbags, and a water injection device injects water into the middle airbag. After the outer airbag is inflated and deployed, it can seal the cross-section of the roadway. After the middle airbag is inflated and deployed, it increases the overall weight of the multi-cavity fireproof airbag and improves its impact resistance. After the inner airbag is inflated and deployed, it increases the water pressure inside the middle airbag to maintain the stability of the entire multi-cavity fireproof airbag after deployment. The data detection device is a sensor network composed of multiple detection units. Each detection unit is deployed at different locations in the roadway and performs gas detection at its location. Then, the detected gas data is fed back to the control center. The personnel monitoring device is installed inside the tunnel and is used to record the number of people working in the tunnel and report it to the control center. The control center is used to receive data from the gas detection device, analyze and determine whether there is a risk of gas explosion, and issue an early warning through the alarm device installed in the roadway as needed. At the same time, after the personnel monitoring device reports that all personnel have left the roadway, it controls the gas injection device and water injection device to deploy the multi-cavity fireproof airbag for roadway sealing and fire prevention.

2. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an oxygen absorption device, which consists of multiple storage containers with electrically operated opening and closing ports. These storage containers are evenly distributed within the tunnel, and each container contains oxygen absorbent. When the control center determines that there is a risk of gas explosion, it can control the opening of each storage container to release the oxygen absorbent and absorb the oxygen in the tunnel.

3. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The oxygen absorbent is made by mixing 95% ferrous sulfate and 5% silica gel powder by weight percentage.

4. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The personnel monitoring device includes an infrared scanning device, a monitoring and positioning device, and a positioning terminal. The monitoring and positioning device is deployed at the entrance and exit of the tunnel, and the positioning terminal is installed on the personnel. When a person passes through the monitoring and positioning device, the monitoring and positioning device and the positioning terminal wirelessly record whether the person has passed through the entrance or exit of the tunnel. There are two infrared scanning devices, which are respectively installed on both sides of the fixed frame to determine whether the person passes through the fixed frame and their direction.

5. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer airbag is made of a composite fabric interwoven with aramid fiber and glass fiber, with an additional layer of P4U smart material fabric and an inhibitor coating on its blast-facing surface; the middle airbag is made of polyester fiber or nylon fiber, and the inner wall of the middle airbag is coated with polyurethane; the inner airbag is made of aramid fiber; the outer airbag, middle airbag and inner airbag are all equipped with pressure sensors to monitor the pressure data inside each airbag.

6. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas injection device consists of two silicone-reinforced fiber hoses with control valves. One end of each hose is connected to a downhole high-pressure gas pipe, and the other end is connected to the outer and inner air bladders, respectively. The water injection device consists of a steel wire braided high-pressure rubber hose with a control valve. One end of the hose is connected to a downhole high-pressure water pipe, and the other end is connected to the intermediate air bladder. The control center can individually control the opening and closing of each control valve.

7. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection unit includes a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide gas concentration sensor, a methane gas concentration sensor, and an ethylene gas concentration sensor, used to detect the temperature, carbon monoxide gas concentration, methane gas concentration, and ethylene gas concentration at the location and feed them back to the control center.

8. The mine roadway rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an emergency start switch installed at the tunnel exit. The emergency start switch can be manually controlled by personnel to inflate and deploy the multi-chamber fireproof airbag to block the tunnel.

9. A method for operating the rapid-sealing fireproof airbag system for mine roadways according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: A. Deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system: Select an installation location in the roadway and place the fixed frame at that location. Then, use anchor bolts to securely connect the fixed frame to the roadway. Install the multi-chamber fire-resistant airbags on the fixed frame, keeping them in an undeployed state. Connect the air injection device to the inner and outer airbags, and the water injection device to the middle airbag. Next, deploy the data detection device and personnel monitoring device in the roadway. Finally, connect the water injection device, air injection device, data detection device, and personnel monitoring device to the control center to complete the deployment of the fire-resistant airbag system. B. Set thresholds: Set the temperature threshold, carbon monoxide gas concentration threshold, methane gas concentration threshold and ethylene gas concentration threshold in sequence in the control center; C. Safety Monitoring: The data detection device periodically monitors the temperature, carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at different locations within the roadway and feeds the data back to the control center. The control center compares and analyzes each detection data point with set thresholds. Specifically, the judgment is as follows: First, the temperature data at different locations is compared with the temperature thresholds. If the temperature data does not exceed the temperature thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If the temperature data at a certain location exceeds the temperature threshold, the corresponding carbon monoxide concentration, methane concentration, and ethylene concentration at that location are compared with their respective thresholds. If all monitored values ​​do not exceed the thresholds, the roadway is judged to be in a safe state, awaiting the next detection data. If any monitored value exceeds the threshold, the roadway is judged to be in an unsafe state, and the control center issues a warning through the alarm device, prompting personnel in the roadway to evacuate quickly and proceed to step D. D. Deployment of Multi-Cavity Fireproof Airbags: The control center receives real-time feedback from the personnel monitoring device regarding the number of people in the roadway. When the number of people in the roadway is zero, the control center first controls the air injection device to inject air into the outer layer airbags for a period of time, causing them to rapidly expand and deploy to seal the roadway section. After the outer layer airbags stop being injected, the water injection device injects water into the middle layer airbags for a period of time at a pressure greater than that of the outer layer airbags, causing them to expand and increase the overall weight of the multi-cavity fireproof airbags. At the same time, the expansion of the middle layer airbags reduces the internal space of the outer layer airbags, thereby increasing the internal air pressure of the outer layer airbags and improving the sealing effect. After the middle layer airbags stop being injected with water, the air injection device injects air into the inner layer airbags for a period of time at a pressure greater than that of the middle layer airbags. During the expansion and deployment process, the inner layer airbags are pressurized, thereby causing the middle layer airbags to fully expand and increasing the water pressure within them, completing the deployment process of the multi-cavity fireproof airbags. E. Fire Prevention and Extinguishing: When a gas explosion or spontaneous combustion of coal occurs in the roadway and the resulting hot airflow reaches the multi-cavity fireproof airbag, the outer airbag is first impacted and deformed, and the impact force is then transferred to the middle and inner airbags in sequence to buffer and block the hot airflow. The water in the middle airbag cools the hot airflow, thus achieving the fire prevention and extinguishing process in the roadway. If the impact force of the hot airflow is too large and causes the outer airbag to rupture, the oxygen-free gas inside is released into the roadway to continue to suppress the flames. The middle and inner airbags can continue to partially block the hot airflow, thereby ensuring the fire prevention and extinguishing effect in the roadway.

10. The working method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The gas injected by the gas injection device is either nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

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