Experimental device for testing leakage of carbon dioxide pipeline under different wind forces and terrains

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide pipeline leakage, in particular to an experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains, which comprises an input system, an experimental testing system and a data acquisition system, the input system comprises a CO2 storage tank, a first ball valve, an input pipeline and a second ball valve; the test system comprises a test section, a leakage pipeline, a third ball valve, a terrain model, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a third pipeline; the data acquisition system comprises a straight pipe temperature sensor, a straight pipe pressure sensor, an environment temperature sensor, a CO2 concentration sensor, a leakage pressure sensor, a leakage temperature sensor and a computer. According to the invention, changes of temperature and concentration inside and outside the pipeline after leakage of the onshore carbon dioxide pipeline are known, different wind power and topographic conditions can be simulated, operability and safety meet indoor conditions, and help is provided for leakage monitoring of the onshore carbon dioxide pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide pipeline leakage, and in particular to an experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains. Background Art

[0002] With the world's increasing attention to climate change and adjustments to energy structures, the application of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has become increasingly widespread, and carbon dioxide pipeline transportation has become increasingly important, but its leakage risk cannot be ignored.

[0003] Carbon dioxide has unique physical and chemical properties, but systematic research on its pipeline leakage is currently insufficient. Existing pipeline leakage simulation experimental devices have many limitations. Some devices are not specifically designed for the characteristics of carbon dioxide, making it difficult to accurately simulate key parameters such as its phase changes and diffusion rate under different operating conditions. Some devices oversimplify the external environment simulation. When it comes to terrain simulation, they cannot accurately represent the undulations and slopes of the actual terrain. Wind simulations are limited to simple wind speed settings and cannot truly reflect actual conditions such as wind direction changes and the complex flow of wind under different terrains. As a result, the experimental results are far from the actual leakage scenario.

[0004] These deficiencies make it impossible to provide a reliable basis for the safe design of CO2 pipelines. Designs must rely on experience and rough estimates, increasing uncertainty and risk. This also impacts the accuracy of risk assessments, making it difficult to develop scientific risk management strategies and emergency response plans. If a leak occurs, the lack of effective response could amplify the impact, causing environmental damage, loss of life, and significant social and economic losses. Therefore, improvements and enhancements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an experimental device for testing CO2 pipeline leakage under varying wind speeds and terrain conditions. This device simulates and tests the leakage behavior of onshore CO2 pipelines under different terrain and wind conditions. The device examines changes in internal pipeline pressure and temperature, ambient temperature around the pipeline, and the formation of CO2 accumulation and low-temperature zones under three wind conditions: upper, middle, and lower. These tests aim to provide a scientific basis for the design, construction, and monitoring of onshore CO2 pipelines in areas with varying terrain and wind conditions, thereby improving system safety and reliability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0007] An experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains is characterized in that it includes an input system, a test system, and a data acquisition system.

[0008] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, preferably, the input system includes a CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2), an input pipeline (3), an electric heating belt (4), an insulation layer (5), a second ball valve (8), and a flange (9); the front end of the input pipeline (3) is connected to the CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2) is arranged between the two, the end is connected to the flange (9), and the second ball valve (8) is arranged at the front end of the flange (9); the heating belt (4) and the insulation layer (5) are arranged around the pipe wall of the input pipeline (3).

[0009] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, preferably, the experimental test system includes a leakage pipeline (10), a leakage port (13), a third ball valve (14), an exhaust pipe (15), a stop valve (16), an exhaust collection box (17), a test section (18), a temperature regulating device (19), a humidity regulating device (20), a terrain model (21), a first partition (22), a second partition (23), a first movable bracket (24), a second movable bracket (25), a gas collection port (26), a rectifier (27), a first pipeline (28), a second pipeline (29), a third pipeline (30), a first electric regulating valve (31), a second electric regulating valve (32), and a third electric regulating valve (33); the front end of the leakage pipeline (10) is connected to a flange (9), the middle is provided with a leakage port (13), the end is connected to the air inlet of the exhaust collection box (17), and the third ball valve (14) is provided in front of the exhaust collection box (17); the exhaust pipeline (15) The front end is connected to the air outlet at the bottom of the test section (18), the end is connected to the air inlet of the waste gas collection box (17), and a stop valve (16) is arranged in the middle; the temperature regulating device (19) and the humidity regulating device (20) are arranged at the top of the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is arranged at the bottom of the test section (18); the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are arranged horizontally inside the test section (18), dividing the test section (18) into three parts: upper, middle and lower parts; the first movable bracket ( 24), a second movable bracket (25) is arranged perpendicular to the leakage pipe (10) inside the test section (18); the front ends of the first pipe (28), the second pipe (29), and the third pipe (30) are connected to the rectifier (27), and the ends are arranged at the air inlets at the upper, middle, and lower positions of the front end of the test section (18), and the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32), and the third electric regulating valve (33) are respectively arranged in the middle; the front end of the rectifier (27) is connected to the air collecting port (26).

[0010] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, preferably, the data acquisition system includes a straight tube temperature sensor (6), a straight tube pressure sensor (7), a leakage temperature sensor (11), a leakage pressure sensor (12), a line collection port (34), a computer (35), an ambient temperature sensor (36), and a CO2 concentration sensor (37); the straight tube temperature sensor (6) and the straight tube pressure sensor (7) are located on the side wall of the input pipeline (3) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the input pipeline (3); the leakage temperature sensor (11) and the leakage pressure sensor (12) are located on the side wall of the leakage pipeline (10) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the leakage pipeline (10); the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are respectively located on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) and are arranged in a matrix; the line collection port (34) connects the sensors to the computer; the computer (35) is located outside the test section (18) and is used to collect data from each sensor.

[0011] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, preferably, the input pipeline (3) heats and pressurizes carbon dioxide through an electric heating belt (4) to produce supercritical carbon dioxide, providing supercritical carbon dioxide for the leaking pipeline (10), and the supercritical carbon dioxide production status can be judged by monitoring the data of the straight tube temperature sensor (6) and the straight tube pressure sensor (7).

[0012] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains, preferably, the shape of the leakage port (13) can be circular or rectangular, and the shape and number of the leakage port (13) can be set according to actual needs; the exhaust gas collection box (17) is used to collect experimental exhaust gas to ensure personnel safety; the temperature regulating device (19) and the humidity regulating device (20) are used to adjust the temperature and humidity conditions inside the test section (18); the terrain model (21) can be a terrain model directly made of various materials or a device that can be raised or lowered or folded, and the terrain undulations can be changed by the regulating device; the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are both perforated, and the number and diameter of the holes in the second partition (23) are larger than those in the first partition (22), so as to ensure that the gas flow will not be blocked after the leakage of the leakage pipeline (10), while maintaining the stability of the wind force in the upper, middle and lower layers.

[0013] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains is preferably provided with the gas collecting port (26) and the rectifier (27); a fan can be provided in the gas collecting port (26) to collect external air and rectify the airflow to make the airflow uniform; the first pipeline (28), the second pipeline (29), and the third pipeline (30) are provided with a first electric regulating valve (31), a second electric regulating valve (32), and a third electric regulating valve (33), and the wind speed and wind direction at the upper, middle, and lower levels can be adjusted by adjusting the valve opening.

[0014] The experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, preferably, the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are distributed in a matrix on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25); the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) can move in parallel within the test section (18) to form a spatial coordinate system, and can form a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network within the test section (18), providing multi-point temperature and concentration data to analyze the changes in the internal temperature field and concentration field during the carbon dioxide leakage process.

[0015] The experimental device provided in the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0016] ① The main body of the experimental device is the test section (18), in which the land carbon dioxide leakage experiment is carried out. The designed terrain model (21) can be adjusted according to the experimental requirements and is flexible and changeable; the designed temperature control device (19) and humidity control device (20) can further simulate the actual environmental conditions of the pipeline; the designed wind simulation device rectifies the external air to form a stable airflow, which enters different pipelines respectively, and controls the opening of the valve to achieve the difference in wind speed and wind direction at different heights of upper, middle and lower levels; in the test section (18), the first baffle (22) and the second baffle (23) are designed. The baffle adopts a perforated design, which not only ensures the stability of the wind conditions of each layer, but also keeps the gas in the test section flowing. The number and diameter of the holes in the second baffle (23) are larger than those in the first baffle (22). The advantage is that the upward diffusion of the leaked gas is prevented from being blocked, and the exchange intensity of the airflow between the upper and lower areas is gradually reduced, so that the wind speed in the upper area can be adjusted independently of the bottom area to a certain extent.

[0017] ② The design of the leakage port (13) of the leakage pipe (10) is flexible and changeable, and the shape and number can be set according to the experimental requirements. The shape includes but is not limited to circular and rectangular. The entire pipe section of the leakage pipe (10) and the input pipe (3) adopts an electric heating belt (4) heating and an insulation layer (5) design, which can more effectively ensure the stability of the carbon dioxide phase inside the pipe. The test section (18) and the leakage pipe (10) are both connected to the exhaust gas collection box (17) to ensure the safety of personnel and a good environment.

[0018] ③ The monitoring sensors are distributed in a matrix and installed on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25). The advantage is that the position of the sensors can be freely moved, thereby forming a spatial coordinate system, which can form a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network in the test section (18) and provide multi-point temperature and concentration data to analyze the changes in the temperature field and concentration field in the test section (18) during the carbon dioxide leakage process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the main view of an experimental device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic top view of a first partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic top view of a second partition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 A side view of a first movable bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 A side view of a second movable bracket provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] In the figure: 1-CO2 storage tank; 2-first ball valve; 3-input pipeline; 4-electric heating belt; 5-insulation layer; 6-straight pipe temperature sensor; 7-straight pipe pressure sensor; 8-second ball valve; 9-flange; 10-leakage pipeline; 11-leakage temperature sensor; 12-leakage pressure sensor; 13-leakage port; 14-third ball valve; 15-exhaust pipe; 16-stop valve; 17-exhaust collection box; 18-test section; 19-temperature adjustment device; 20- Humidity control device; 21- Terrain model; 22- First baffle; 23- Second baffle; 24- First movable bracket; 25- Second movable bracket; 26- Gas collection port; 27- Rectifier; 28- First pipeline; 29- Second pipeline; 30- Third pipeline; 31- First electric regulating valve; 32- Second electric regulating valve; 33- Third electric regulating valve; 34- Line collection port; 35- Computer; 36- Ambient temperature sensor; 37- CO2 concentration sensor DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to further illustrate the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0026] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with exemplary embodiments.

[0027] ①Experimental preparation and connection

[0028] The experimental device is connected. The CO2 storage tank (1) is connected to the input pipe (3) through the first ball valve (2). After the input pipe (3) is installed with the electric heating belt (4) and the insulation layer (5), it is connected to the flange (9) at the front end of the leakage pipe (10) through the second ball valve (8); the end of the leakage pipe (10) is connected to the exhaust gas collection box (17) through the third ball valve (14), and the exhaust gas collection box (17) is connected to the lower part of the test section (18) through the exhaust gas pipe (15) and the stop valve (16); the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are installed on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25), and placed in the test section (18). At the same time, the straight tube temperature sensor (6), the straight tube pressure sensor (7), the leakage pressure sensor (12), and the leakage temperature sensor (11) are installed. Finally, the computer (35) and the sensor circuits are connected.

[0029] After the connection is completed, open the first ball valve (2), the second ball valve (8), and the third ball valve (14), close the leakage port (13), and introduce carbon dioxide gas to purge the pipeline. After completion, check the air tightness of the device to ensure that there is no leakage.

[0030] ② Experimental condition simulation

[0031] The second ball valve (8) and the third ball valve (14) are closed, and the temperature and humidity in the test section (18) are adjusted through the temperature adjustment device (19) and the humidity adjustment device (20); the first electric adjustment valve (31), the second electric adjustment valve (32), and the third electric adjustment valve (33) are used to simulate different wind conditions and adjust the wind speed and wind direction of the upper, middle, and lower layers; and the adjustment device of the terrain model (21) is operated to simulate mountainous terrain and change the terrain undulation.

[0032] ③Experimental operation and data collection

[0033] The electric heating belt (4) is turned on, and supercritical carbon dioxide is prepared according to the monitoring of the straight tube temperature sensor (6) and the straight tube pressure sensor (7). After the preparation is completed, the second ball valve (8) is opened, the supercritical carbon dioxide is input into the leakage pipe (10), and the leakage port (13) is opened according to the experimental design to start the leakage experiment.

[0034] The third ball valve (14) and the stop valve (16) are opened, and the computer (35) is started to control the data acquisition system. The ambient temperature sensor (36), the CO2 concentration sensor (37), the leakage pressure sensor (12), and the leakage temperature sensor (11) monitor the changes of relevant data in real time. The computer (35) collects and records the data. At the same time, the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) can be moved to collect data at different positions.

[0035] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0036] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0037] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0038] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind speeds and terrains, characterized in that: It includes input system, experimental test system and data acquisition system.

2. The input system according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention comprises a CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2), an input pipeline (3), an electric heating belt (4), a heat-insulating layer (5), a second ball valve (8), and a flange (9); the front end of the input pipeline (3) is connected to the CO2 storage tank (1), a first ball valve (2) is arranged between the two, the end is connected to the flange (9), and a second ball valve (8) is arranged at the front end of the flange (9); the heating belt (4) and the heat-insulating layer (5) are arranged around the pipe wall of the input pipeline (3).

3. The test system according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention comprises a leakage pipeline (10), a leakage port (13), a third ball valve (14), an exhaust gas pipeline (15), a stop valve (16), an exhaust gas collecting box (17), a test section (18), a temperature regulating device (19), a humidity regulating device (20), a terrain model (21), a first baffle (22), a second baffle (23), a first movable bracket (24), a second movable bracket (25), an air collecting port (26), a rectifier (27), a first pipeline (28), a second pipeline (29), a third pipeline (30), a first electric regulating valve (31), a second electric regulating valve (32), and a third electric regulating valve (33); the front end of the leakage pipeline (10) is connected to a flange (9), the middle of the leakage pipeline (13) is provided, the end of the leakage pipeline (10) is connected to an air inlet of an exhaust gas collecting box (17), and a third ball valve (14) is arranged in front of the exhaust gas collecting box (17); the front end of the exhaust gas pipeline (15) is connected to an air outlet at the lower part of the test section (18), and the end of the exhaust gas pipeline (15) is connected to a flange (9), a leakage port (13) is provided in the middle, and the end of the exhaust gas pipeline (15) is connected to an air inlet of an exhaust gas collecting box (17). The waste gas collecting box (17) has an air inlet, and a stop valve (16) is arranged in the middle; the temperature regulating device (19) and the humidity regulating device (20) are arranged at the top of the test section (18); the terrain model (21) is arranged at the bottom of the test section (18); the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are arranged horizontally inside the test section (18), and the test section (18) is divided into three parts: upper, middle and lower; the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) are arranged vertically inside the test section (18) with respect to the leakage pipeline (10); the front ends of the first pipeline (28), the second pipeline (29) and the third pipeline (30) are connected to the rectifier (27), and the ends are arranged at the air inlets at the upper, middle and lower positions of the front end of the test section (18), and the first electric regulating valve (31), the second electric regulating valve (32) and the third electric regulating valve (33) are arranged in the middle respectively; the front end of the rectifier (27) is connected to the air collecting port (26).

4. The data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention comprises a straight tube temperature sensor (6), a straight tube pressure sensor (7), a leakage temperature sensor (11), a leakage pressure sensor (12), a line collection port (34), a computer (35), an ambient temperature sensor (36), and a CO2 concentration sensor (37); the straight tube temperature sensor (6) and the straight tube pressure sensor (7) are located on the side wall of the input pipeline (3) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the input pipeline (3); the leakage temperature sensor (11) and the leakage pressure sensor (12) are located on the side wall of the leakage pipeline (10) and are used to measure the internal pressure and temperature of the leakage pipeline (10); the ambient temperature sensor (36) and the CO2 concentration sensor (37) are respectively located on the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) and are arranged in a matrix; the line collection port (34) connects the sensor and the computer; the computer (35) is located outside the test section (18) and is used to collect data from each sensor.

5. The input pipeline (3) as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that Carbon dioxide is heated and pressurized by an electric heating belt (4) to produce supercritical carbon dioxide, and supercritical carbon dioxide is provided to the leaking pipeline (10). The production status of supercritical carbon dioxide can be determined by monitoring data of a straight tube temperature sensor (6) and a straight tube pressure sensor (7).

6. The leakage port (13) as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The shape can be circular or rectangular, and the shape and number of the leakage port (13) can be set according to actual needs; the exhaust gas collection box (17) is used to collect experimental exhaust gas to ensure personnel safety; the temperature adjustment device (19) and the humidity adjustment device (20) are used to adjust the temperature and humidity conditions inside the test section (18); the terrain model (21) can be a terrain model directly made of various materials or a device that can be raised or lowered or folded, and the terrain undulation can be changed by adjusting the device; the first partition (22) and the second partition (23) are both perforated, and the number and diameter of the holes in the second partition (23) are larger than those in the first partition (22), so as to ensure that the gas flow will not be blocked after the leakage pipeline (10) leaks, while maintaining the stability of the wind force in the upper, middle and lower layers.

7. The gas collecting port (26) and the rectifier (27) as claimed in claim 3 are characterized in that A fan may be provided in the air collecting port (26) to collect external air and rectify the airflow to make it uniform; the first pipeline (28), the second pipeline (29) and the third pipeline (30) are provided with a first electric regulating valve (31), a second electric regulating valve (32) and a third electric regulating valve (33), and the wind speed and wind direction at the upper, middle and lower levels can be adjusted by adjusting the valve opening.

8. The ambient temperature sensor (36) and CO2 concentration sensor (37) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that The first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) are evenly distributed in a matrix manner; the first movable bracket (24) and the second movable bracket (25) can move in parallel in the test section (18) to form a spatial coordinate system, and can form a comprehensive temperature and concentration monitoring network in the test section (18), providing multi-point temperature and concentration data to analyze the changes in the internal temperature field and concentration field during the carbon dioxide leakage process.

9. An experimental device for testing carbon dioxide pipeline leakage under different wind forces and terrains using any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific experimental steps include: ① Connect the experimental device and ensure that all components are well connected; ② Open the first ball valve (2), the second ball valve (8), and the third ball valve (14), close the leakage port (13), and introduce carbon dioxide gas to purge the pipeline to check whether the device is airtight; ③ Close the second ball valve (8) and the third ball valve (14), adjust the temperature adjustment device (19), the humidity adjustment device (20), the first electric adjustment valve (31), the second electric adjustment valve (32), the third electric adjustment valve (33), and adjust the terrain model (21) to simulate the terrain, temperature, humidity, and wind conditions required for the experiment; ④ Turn on the electric heating belt (4), prepare supercritical carbon dioxide by monitoring the data of the straight tube temperature sensor (6) and the straight tube pressure sensor (7), and after the preparation is completed, open the second ball valve (8) and input the prepared supercritical carbon dioxide into the leakage pipeline (10) for leakage experiment; ⑤ Open the third ball valve (14) and the stop valve (16), monitor the changes in the internal and external temperature of the pipeline and the CO2 concentration through the data acquisition system, and record the relevant data.

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