Construction site safety risk prediction method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of risk prediction, and particularly relates to a BIM-based construction site safety risk prediction method and system, which ensure that data acquired from a data acquisition device can be quickly and accurately transmitted to a central processing unit and matched with static information in a multi-dimensional information model by optimizing a data stream processing flow. According to the method, the timeliness of updating the positions, the states and the association relationships of the construction elements in the multi-dimensional information model is improved, and the accuracy of analyzing the potential safety hazard points is enhanced. Finally, by embedding the formulated risk mitigation measures into the multi-dimensional information model, the construction site operation can be guided more effectively, it is ensured that all activities are executed according to the latest safety standard, and meanwhile dynamic changes can be flexibly coped with. According to the method, the real-time performance and effectiveness of construction site safety management are greatly improved, and the possibility of safety accidents is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of risk prediction, and in particular relates to a construction site safety risk prediction method and system based on BIM. Background Art

[0002] In the field of construction, ensuring the safety of the construction site is one of the key factors for the successful implementation of the project. With the development of information technology, the management method based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) has gradually become an important means to improve construction safety and efficiency. In the existing technology, by constructing a multidimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, detailed visualization support can be provided for each stage of the project. In addition, combined with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a variety of data collection devices such as sensors and cameras can be deployed at the construction site to monitor the construction progress and changes in site conditions in real time.

[0003] However, the existing BIM-based safety risk prediction scheme has a significant technical problem: it is difficult to achieve real-time update and integration of construction site dynamic data into the multidimensional information model. Although a large amount of construction site data can be collected, this data is often not reflected in the multidimensional information model in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in the information in the model lagging behind the actual construction situation. This delay will affect the accuracy of identifying potential safety hazards, and thus affect the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction site safety risk prediction method and system based on BIM, which optimizes the data flow processing flow to ensure that the data obtained from the data acquisition device can be quickly and accurately transmitted to the central processing unit and matched with the static information in the multidimensional information model to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM, comprising the following steps: Creating a multidimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, and deploying a variety of data acquisition devices at various locations on the construction site based on the multidimensional information model; Through the data acquisition device, a data stream reflecting the construction progress and changes in the on-site conditions is obtained, the obtained data stream is transmitted to the central processing unit, and matched with the static information in the multidimensional information model; Based on the matching results, the location, status and relationship of the construction elements are updated in the multidimensional information model, and potential safety hazards are analyzed based on the updated multidimensional information model; Based on the identified safety hazards, corresponding risk mitigation measures are formulated and embedded into the multidimensional information model, and the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures is used to guide construction site operations.

[0006] Preferably, the creating of a multidimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information comprises: Collect building structural drawings and construction planning documents to extract information on geometry, material properties and construction stages; Based on the obtained geometric dimensions and material property information, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the position and boundary of each building element are defined in the coordinate system; Establish connections between architectural elements in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on their locations and boundaries, ensuring that interactions between all elements are accurately represented; The time dimension of the multidimensional information model is calculated by combining the determined connection relationships and construction stage information.

[0007] Preferably, based on the multi-dimensional information model, a variety of data acquisition devices are deployed at various locations on the construction site, including: Identify the locations within the construction site that require key monitoring and select the type of data collection device based on the characteristics of these locations; Deploy the data collection devices at the location according to the selected data collection device type, ensure that each device can cover its surrounding area, and record the installation coordinates of each device; Based on the installation coordinates, a communication network between data acquisition devices is constructed to ensure data transmission to the central processing unit; By using the established communication network, the effective working range of each data acquisition device is calculated to ensure that the effective working ranges of all data acquisition devices overlap with each other to achieve monitoring without blind spots.

[0008] Preferably, the data acquisition device is used to obtain a data stream reflecting changes in construction progress and on-site conditions, including: Start the deployed data collection device to monitor various activities in the construction site and record the raw data stream; Performing preliminary processing on the obtained raw data stream, filtering out redundant information, generating a simplified data stream, and associating the simplified data stream with the corresponding data acquisition device installation coordinates; Analyze the actual construction progress and status changes at each location based on streamlined data flow and installation coordinates; Using the actual construction situation, update the information fields about construction progress and site conditions in the multidimensional information model to ensure that the model can reflect the latest construction dynamics.

[0009] Preferably, the step of transmitting the obtained data stream to a central processing unit and matching it with static information in a multidimensional information model comprises: Establish a data transmission channel from the data acquisition device to the central processing unit to ensure that the acquired data stream can be transmitted to the central processing unit; Based on the established transmission channel, the received data stream is preliminarily checked to remove any errors or abnormal values; According to the verified data stream, the dynamic data is matched with the static information fields in the multidimensional information model to generate a comprehensive information set; The generated comprehensive information set is used to update the multidimensional information model stored in the central processing unit, so that the multidimensional information model can reflect the latest construction progress and site conditions in real time.

[0010] Preferably, updating the position, status and association relationship of the construction elements in the multidimensional information model based on the matching results includes: Based on the comprehensive information set generated, identify changes in the location of construction elements and record the changes; According to the identified position changes, the position coordinates of each construction element in the multidimensional information model are adjusted to the new position coordinates; Analyze and determine the status change of each construction element using the updated position coordinates; Based on the determined state changes, the association relationships between construction elements are redefined to ensure that the multidimensional information model can reflect the latest interactions between construction elements.

[0011] Preferably, analyzing potential safety hazards based on the updated multi-dimensional information model includes: Based on the updated multi-dimensional information model, the location coordinates, status changes and associated relationship information of the construction elements are extracted to form a comprehensive data set; Based on the comprehensive data set, the safety impact factor of each construction element is evaluated; Using the obtained safety impact factors, identify construction elements with high risk values, determine potential safety hazard points, and record the locations and related attributes of these points; For the identified potential safety hazards, the risk level of each hazard point is analyzed in combination with the location coordinates and status changes.

[0012] Preferably, the step of formulating corresponding risk mitigation measures based on the identified potential safety hazards and embedding them into the multidimensional information model includes: For the identified potential safety hazards, analyze the specific situation of each hazard point and determine the type of risk mitigation measures that need to be taken; Design a specific mitigation plan based on the determined risk mitigation measures, which includes implementation details and expected results, and is associated with the location coordinates of the potential hazard points; Based on the specific mitigation plan, the risk mitigation measures information is embedded into the corresponding position of the multidimensional information model; Utilize the updated multi-dimensional information model to assess status changes after implementing risk mitigation measures.

[0013] Preferably, the method of using the formed multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures to guide construction site operations includes: Based on the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures, the risk mitigation measures and their location coordinates of each construction element are extracted to form a guidance data set; Generate operational adjustment suggestions for current state changes based on the guidance data set; Use the generated operation adjustment suggestions to update on-site construction instructions to ensure that all construction activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety guidelines. Record the adjusted instructions and monitor the execution status of the construction site in real time based on the adjusted instructions.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a construction site safety risk prediction system based on BIM, comprising: A multi-dimensional information model building and data acquisition device deployment module is used to create a multi-dimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, and deploy a variety of data acquisition devices at various locations on the construction site based on the multi-dimensional information model; The data stream acquisition and preliminary processing module is used to acquire the data stream reflecting the construction progress and the changes in the on-site conditions through the data acquisition device, transmit the acquired data stream to the central processing unit, and match it with the static information in the multidimensional information model; The construction element update and safety hazard analysis module is used to update the location, status and association relationship of the construction elements in the multidimensional information model based on the matching results, and analyze potential safety hazard points based on the updated multidimensional information model; The risk mitigation measures formulation and implementation guidance module is used to formulate corresponding risk mitigation measures based on the identified safety hazards and embed them into the multidimensional information model, and use the formed multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures to guide construction site operations.

[0015] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention proposes a method and system for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM, which has the following advantages: The present invention aims to ensure that the data obtained from the data acquisition device can be quickly and accurately transmitted to the central processing unit and matched with the static information in the multidimensional information model by optimizing the data flow processing flow. This method not only improves the timeliness of updating the location, status and association relationship of construction elements in the multidimensional information model, but also enhances the accuracy of the analysis of potential safety hazards. Ultimately, by embedding the formulated risk mitigation measures into the multidimensional information model, construction site operations can be more effectively guided to ensure that all activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety standards, while being able to flexibly respond to dynamic changes. This method greatly improves the real-time and effectiveness of construction site safety management and reduces the possibility of safety accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a block diagram of the construction site safety risk prediction system based on BIM of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM. By optimizing the data flow processing flow, it ensures that the data obtained from the data acquisition device can be quickly and accurately transmitted to the central processing unit and matched with the static information in the multidimensional information model. This method not only improves the timeliness of updating the location, status and association relationship of construction elements in the multidimensional information model, but also enhances the accuracy of the analysis of potential safety hazards. The details are as follows:

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1: Create a multi-dimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information; further including the following sub-process steps: Collect building structure drawings and construction planning documents, and extract information on geometric dimensions A, material properties B, and construction stages C from them; by systematically collecting and organizing building structure drawings and construction planning documents, it can be ensured that all necessary geometric dimensions, material properties, and construction progress information are accurately incorporated into the subsequent modeling process. This step provides a solid data foundation for the entire multidimensional information model and reduces the risks caused by missing or inaccurate information.

[0020] Based on the obtained geometric dimensions A and material properties B information, a three-dimensional coordinate system D is constructed, and the position E and boundary F of each building element are defined in the coordinate system; this step realizes the conversion from two-dimensional drawings to three-dimensional space, so that the building structure can be intuitively displayed in a virtual environment. Defining the position and boundary of each building element not only improves the spatial accuracy of the model, but also lays the foundation for subsequent advanced applications such as collision detection and path planning.

[0021] According to the position E and the boundary F, the connection relationship G between the building elements is established in the three-dimensional coordinate system D to ensure that the interaction between all elements is accurately represented; by establishing accurate connection relationships, the interaction between different building elements can be simulated, such as support, fixation, contact, etc. This accurate physical relationship simulation helps to predict potential problems in the construction process, such as insufficient structural stability or wrong installation sequence, so that preventive measures can be taken in advance.

[0022] The determined connection relationship G is combined with the information of the construction stage C, and the time dimension H of the multidimensional information model is calculated through the formula H=C*(G+F) to reflect the state changes of building elements in different construction stages. After the introduction of the time dimension, the multidimensional information model can dynamically display the changes of building elements as the construction progresses. This function is crucial for tracking project progress, evaluating phased results, and adjusting construction plans. It enables project managers and engineers to "preview" the future working status in a virtual environment and plan resource allocation and risk management strategies in advance.

[0023] In an actual high-rise residential construction project, a multidimensional information model was first created according to the above sub-processes: Information collection: Complete building structural drawings and detailed construction planning documents were obtained from the design institute, from which the geometric dimensions of all floors (A), the physical properties of the materials used (B), and the timetable of each construction stage (C) were extracted.

[0024] Constructing a 3D coordinate system: Using professional software, an accurate 3D coordinate system (D) is constructed based on the extracted geometric dimensions and material properties. In this coordinate system, the position (E) and boundaries (F) of each building element are clearly marked, forming a highly realistic virtual copy of the construction site.

[0025] Establishing connection relationships: Next, we analyze the physical connections between the building elements, such as beam-column connections, wall supports, etc., and establish a detailed connection relationship diagram (G). This step ensures that the mechanical relationship between all structural parts is correctly simulated.

[0026] Calculate the time dimension: Finally, the time dimension (H) is added to the multidimensional information model through the formula H=C*(G+F). This time dimension reflects how the position, status and relationship between each building element and other elements evolve as the construction progresses. For example, the entire process from foundation construction to main body capping to interior decoration can be clearly seen, and any potential safety hazards that arise can be identified and dealt with in a timely manner.

[0027] Through this approach, the project successfully improved construction efficiency and safety, reduced the probability of accidents, and optimized resource allocation to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0028] Step 2: Based on the multidimensional information model described in step 1, deploy multiple data acquisition devices at key locations on the construction site; further including the following sub-process steps: Identify the location I that needs to be monitored in the construction site, and select the appropriate data acquisition device type J according to the characteristics of the location I; by accurately identifying the key locations that need to be monitored, it is possible to ensure the effective use of resources and avoid unnecessary equipment redundancy. Selecting the appropriate data acquisition device type (such as sensors, cameras, etc.) can meet the monitoring needs of specific locations and improve the pertinence and accuracy of data collection.

[0029] According to the selected data collection device type J, deploy data collection devices at location I, ensure that each device can cover its surrounding area K, and record the installation coordinates L of each device; Reasonable layout of data acquisition devices not only ensures effective monitoring of key locations, but also improves the overall monitoring range by covering surrounding areas. Recording installation coordinates provides accurate spatial reference for subsequent data processing, allowing data to be accurately located in the multidimensional information model, enhancing the reliability of data analysis.

[0030] Based on the installation coordinates L, a communication network M is constructed between the data acquisition devices to ensure that data can be smoothly transmitted from the device to the central processing unit N; establishing a stable and reliable communication network is the basis for ensuring real-time data transmission. By optimizing the network topology, the risk of data transmission delay and loss can be reduced, ensuring that the central processing unit can receive the latest field information in a timely manner, supporting rapid decision-making and response.

[0031] Using the established communication network M, the effective working range O of each data acquisition device is calculated by the formula O=P(L,M), where P represents the working range calculation rule determined according to the installation coordinates L and the communication network M, ensuring that the effective working ranges O of all devices overlap with each other to achieve blind spot monitoring. By scientifically calculating the effective working range of each device and ensuring that there is appropriate overlap between these ranges, monitoring blind spots can be eliminated and comprehensive construction site monitoring can be provided. This step improves safety and risk management capabilities, ensuring that any potential safety hazards can be discovered and handled in a timely manner.

[0032] The formula O=P(L,M) is used to calculate the effective working range O of each data acquisition device. Here P represents a working range calculation rule or algorithm determined based on the installation coordinates L and the communication network M. Specifically:

[0033] L refers to the installation coordinates of each data acquisition device, which define the precise location of the device in the construction site.

[0034] M refers to the communication network built between the data acquisition devices, which ensures that data can be transmitted from each device to the central processing unit.

[0035] The specific meaning and principle of P Spatial coverage analysis: The core of P is to analyze the spatial coverage of each data acquisition device. With the known installation coordinates (L), the theoretical maximum effective range of each device can be determined. For example, the field of view of the camera, the sensing distance of the sensor, etc.

[0036] Communication skills assessment: P also takes into account the impact of the communication network (M). Even if a device has a large theoretical coverage range, if the communication between it and the central processing unit or other nodes is unstable or there are obstacles blocking the signal, the actual effective working range will be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of the communication link, including factors such as signal strength, bandwidth, and latency.

[0037] Overlap area optimization: During the calculation process, in order to achieve monitoring without blind spots, P will ensure that the effective working ranges of all data acquisition devices overlap with each other. This means not only calculating the maximum range of a single device, but also adjusting the position or angle of adjacent devices to ensure that there are no blind spots in the entire construction site.

[0038] Environmental considerations: There are various interference factors in the actual environment, such as weather conditions, building structures, etc., which will affect the effective working range of the data acquisition device. Therefore, P also includes some dynamic adjustment mechanisms to recalculate and optimize the working range of each device according to real-time environmental changes.

[0039] In summary, P is an algorithm or rule that takes into account spatial geometry, communication performance, and environmental factors to scientifically calculate and optimize the effective working range of each data acquisition device to ensure that the construction site is fully and efficiently monitored. This step is crucial to improving safety and risk management capabilities, ensuring that any potential safety hazards can be discovered and handled in a timely manner.

[0040] At a construction site of a high-rise residential building project, various data collection devices were deployed according to the above sub-processes. The specific implementation is as follows: Identify key locations and select device types: The project first analyzed the characteristics of the construction site and identified locations that needed to be monitored, such as tower crane operation areas, scaffolding construction areas, concrete pouring points, etc. According to the needs of different locations, suitable sensors (such as vibration sensors, temperature and humidity sensors), cameras and other monitoring equipment were selected.

[0041] Deployment of data acquisition devices: Depending on the selected device type, corresponding data acquisition devices were deployed at key locations. For example, sensors were installed on the tower crane to monitor load and movement trajectory; temperature and humidity sensors were set up at the concrete pouring point to monitor environmental conditions. Each device was carefully arranged to ensure that it can effectively cover the surrounding area, and detailed installation coordinates were recorded.

[0042] Build a communication network: Based on the recorded installation coordinates, a wireless communication network was built to connect all data acquisition devices. This network adopts a redundant design to ensure that even if a node fails, other nodes can still work normally, ensuring the continuity and stability of data transmission.

[0043] Calculate the effective working range: Finally, use the formula O=P(L,M) to calculate the effective working range of each data acquisition device, and adjust the position or angle of the device to ensure that the working range of all devices has appropriate overlap, so as to achieve comprehensive monitoring without blind spots. For example, by adjusting the camera field of view and calibrating the sensor sensing distance, it is ensured that the entire construction site is under monitoring.

[0044] Through this series of measures, the project successfully established an efficient and reliable data collection system, significantly improving the safety management level of the construction site. Real-time monitoring and data analysis help identify potential risks in advance, take preventive measures in time, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and optimize construction progress management to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0045] Step 3: Obtain data streams reflecting construction progress and changes in site conditions through data acquisition devices; further including the following sub-process steps: Start the deployed data collection device to monitor various activities in the construction site and record the original data stream Q; starting the data collection device marks the beginning of real-time monitoring. Through these devices, various activity data on the construction site can be continuously collected, including but not limited to environmental parameters, mechanical equipment operating status, personnel flow, etc. This step provides rich and detailed basic information for subsequent data processing, ensuring a comprehensive grasp of the construction process.

[0046] The obtained raw data stream Q is preliminarily processed to filter out redundant information, generate a simplified data stream R, and associate R with the corresponding data acquisition device installation coordinates L; preliminary processing and filtering of redundant information can significantly reduce the amount of data and improve the speed and efficiency of subsequent analysis. At the same time, the simplified data stream is associated with the installation coordinates of the device, so that each piece of data has a clear spatial location identifier, which is convenient for accurate positioning in the multidimensional information model and enhances the accuracy of data analysis.

[0047] According to the streamlined data flow R and the installation coordinates L, the actual construction progress and status changes of each location I are analyzed through the formula S=T(R,L), where T represents the method of calculating the actual construction status S based on the streamlined data flow R and the installation coordinates L; through scientific analysis methods, the actual construction progress and status changes of each key location can be accurately evaluated. This precise evaluation helps to promptly detect deviations from the plan, such as construction delays or quality issues, allowing the project to quickly take corrective measures to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0048] The specific meaning and principle of T Data association and mapping: The first step of T is to associate the streamlined data stream R (redundant information has been filtered out) with its corresponding installation coordinates L. This means that each piece of data has a clear spatial location identifier, which is convenient for accurate positioning in the multidimensional information model. For example, the data of a sensor will mark the floor and specific location where it is located.

[0049] Status identification and analysis: T further analyzes these data with spatial location markers to identify the actual construction progress and status changes at each key location. This involves understanding different types of data. For example, data from temperature and humidity sensors can reflect whether environmental conditions are suitable for construction; data from vibration sensors can help monitor the working status of mechanical equipment, etc.

[0050] Time Series Analysis: T also includes time series analysis, which evaluates the changing trend of construction progress by comparing data at different times. For example, comparing the data at the beginning and end of the day can help understand the workload completed that day; long-term tracking can help identify potential problem points, such as slow progress or stagnation of a certain work.

[0051] Rules Engine and Pattern Matching: T uses predefined rule engines or pattern matching technology to determine whether the current construction situation is normal based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the temperature at the concrete pouring point is too high or too low for a long time, it means improper maintenance; if the tower crane load exceeds the set threshold, it indicates the risk of overload.

[0052] Comprehensive evaluation and output: Finally, T combines all the analysis results into a report S that comprehensively describes the actual construction progress and status changes at each location I. This report not only includes specific progress indicators (such as completed work and remaining tasks), but also covers detailed status descriptions (such as equipment operating status, environmental conditions, etc.), providing management with a reliable decision-making support tool.

[0053] Using the actual construction situation S, update the information field U about the construction progress and site conditions in the multidimensional information model to ensure that the model can reflect the latest construction dynamics. Feedback the analysis results to the multidimensional information model to keep the model consistent with the actual situation. This process not only improves the real-time and accuracy of the model, but also provides management with a reliable decision-making support tool to help them better plan resource allocation, adjust construction plans and manage risks.

[0054] At a construction site of a high-rise residential construction project, data flow acquisition and processing were carried out according to the above sub-processes. The specific implementation is as follows: Start data collection devices: The project started various sensors, cameras and other monitoring equipment that had been deployed before, and began to monitor all activities on the construction site in real time. For example, vibration sensors are used to monitor the operating status of tower cranes; temperature and humidity sensors are used to monitor the environmental conditions of concrete pouring points; cameras are used to capture worker operations and material stacking. All of this data is recorded as raw data stream Q.

[0055] Preliminary processing and filtering: The collected raw data stream Q is processed initially to remove duplicate or unnecessary information, generating a more compact and streamlined data stream R. At the same time, each streamlined data is associated with the installation coordinates L of the corresponding data acquisition device to ensure that each data has a clear spatial location. For example, the data obtained from the sensor on the tower crane will be marked with its floor and specific location.

[0056] Analyze construction progress and status changes: The simplified data stream R and installation coordinates L are analyzed in depth using the formula S=T(R,L) to evaluate the actual construction progress and status changes at each key location. For example, by analyzing the temperature and humidity data and timestamps of the concrete pouring point, it can be determined whether the pouring is proceeding as planned and whether the environmental conditions are suitable.

[0057] Update the multidimensional information model: Finally, the actual construction situation S obtained from the analysis is updated to the relevant information field U of the multidimensional information model. For example, the load of the tower crane, the progress of concrete pouring, the height of the scaffolding, etc. are reflected in the model. This enables project managers to "preview" the latest status of the construction site in a virtual environment, adjust the construction plan in a timely manner, and take necessary risk management measures.

[0058] Through this series of measures, the project successfully achieved real-time monitoring and dynamic management of construction progress and site conditions. This approach not only improved construction efficiency and safety, but also optimized resource allocation and ensured the smooth progress of the project. The real-time data-driven decision support system can respond to various challenges more agilely and reduce potential safety hazards and construction delays.

[0059] Step 4: Transmit the obtained data stream to the central processing unit and match it with the static information in the multidimensional information model; further including the following sub-process steps: Establish a data transmission channel W from the data acquisition device to the central processing unit V to ensure that the acquired data stream Q can be transmitted to the central processing unit V stably and timely; creating a stable and reliable data transmission channel is the basis for ensuring real-time data collection and analysis. By optimizing the network configuration and selecting the appropriate communication protocol, the risk of data transmission delay and loss can be significantly reduced, ensuring that the data stream Q received by the central processing unit is complete and timely. This step provides a solid guarantee for subsequent data processing.

[0060] Based on the established transmission channel W, the received data stream Q is subjected to preliminary verification X to remove existing errors or outliers to ensure the quality of data for subsequent processing; preliminary verification can effectively identify and remove errors or outliers in the data stream, such as abnormal readings caused by sensor failures or noise generated during transmission. This process improves the quality of the data, ensures that subsequent analysis is based on accurate information, reduces the possibility of misjudgment, and enhances the reliability of decision-making.

[0061] According to the verified data stream X, the dynamic data is matched with the static information field U in the multidimensional information model through the formula Y=Z(X,U) to generate a comprehensive information set Y; through a scientific matching method, the real-time dynamic data is combined with the static information in the multidimensional information model to generate a more comprehensive and accurate comprehensive information set Y. This combination not only improves the depth and breadth of data analysis, but also enables the model to more accurately reflect the actual situation of the construction site, supporting more effective risk management and progress control.

[0062] The generated comprehensive information set Y is used to update the multidimensional information model stored in the central processing unit V, so that the model can reflect the latest construction progress and site conditions in real time. Continuous updating of the multidimensional information model ensures that it is always up to date and reflects the latest changes on the construction site. This step provides project management with a reliable decision support tool to help them better plan resource allocation, adjust construction plans, and respond to potential problems in a timely manner, thereby improving construction efficiency and safety.

[0063] At a construction site of a high-rise residential building project, the data stream transmission and multi-dimensional information model matching were implemented according to the above sub-processes: Establishing a data transmission channel: The project first built a wireless local area network (WLAN) to connect all data acquisition devices with the central processing unit V. This network uses a redundant design and high-bandwidth communication protocol to ensure the stable transmission of data streams Q. For example, sensors and cameras on the tower crane send data directly to the central processing unit V located in the project office via WLAN, realizing real-time data transmission.

[0064] Preliminary verification of data stream: After the central processing unit V receives the data stream Q, the data verification program is immediately started. The program can automatically detect and filter out abnormal values, such as extreme values ​​caused by sensor failure or interference signals generated during transmission. After verification, a high-quality streamlined data stream X is obtained, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent processing.

[0065] Matching dynamic and static information: Next, the verified data stream X is analyzed in depth using the formula Y=Z(X,U) to match it with the static information field U in the multidimensional information model (such as building structure dimensions, material properties, etc.). For example, by analyzing the data of the tower crane load sensor and comparing it with the design parameters of the tower crane in the model, it is possible to evaluate whether the actual working status of the tower crane meets expectations.

[0066] Update the multidimensional information model: Finally, the multidimensional information model in the central processing unit V is updated in real time using the generated comprehensive information set Y. For example, the model reflects the latest information such as the current tower crane operation status, concrete pouring progress, and scaffolding height. This enables project managers to "preview" the latest status of the construction site in a virtual environment, adjust the construction plan in a timely manner, and take necessary risk management measures.

[0067] Through this series of measures, the project successfully achieved efficient data transmission and accurate matching, significantly improving the safety management level and construction efficiency of the construction site. Real-time monitoring and data analysis helped to identify potential risks in advance, take preventive measures in time, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and optimize construction progress management to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0068] Step 5: Based on the matching results, the location, status and relationship of the construction elements are updated in the multidimensional information model; further including the following sub-process steps: Based on the generated comprehensive information set Y, the position changes ΔP of the construction elements are identified and recorded; by analyzing the comprehensive information set Y, the position changes of each element during the construction process can be accurately identified. This step provides accurate data support for subsequent position adjustments, ensuring that the model can reflect the actual construction progress in a timely manner, and improving the real-time and accuracy of the model.

[0069] According to the identified position change ΔP, the position coordinates E of each construction element in the multidimensional information model are adjusted to the new position coordinates E' to ensure accurate update of the position information; the position coordinates of the construction elements are adjusted so that the spatial layout in the multidimensional information model is consistent with the actual construction site. This synchronous update not only enhances the spatial accuracy of the model, but also provides a reliable basis for subsequent status assessment and risk prediction, reducing decision-making errors caused by lagging position information.

[0070] Using the updated position coordinate E', the state change ΔS of each construction element is analyzed and determined by the formula ΔS=F(E',Y), where F represents a method of evaluating the state change by combining the new position coordinate E' and the comprehensive information set Y; by evaluating the state change of each construction element by a scientific method, the actual conditions of the construction site can be understood more accurately. For example, the installation status of structural parts, the working status of equipment, etc. This helps to detect potential problems in advance, such as material deformation or equipment failure, so that preventive measures can be taken to ensure construction safety and quality.

[0071] The specific meaning and principle of F Location coordinates updated: E' refers to the updated position coordinates, that is, the new position of the adjusted construction element. These position information are identified and updated through the previous step (such as the data stream obtained by the data acquisition device), ensuring that the spatial layout in the multidimensional information model is consistent with the actual construction site.

[0072] Comprehensive information set: Y is a comprehensive information set, which includes dynamic data obtained from data acquisition devices and static information fields in multidimensional information models. This includes but is not limited to real-time data such as environmental parameters, mechanical equipment operating status, personnel flow, and static information such as building structure dimensions and material properties.

[0073] Status change assessment: The core of F is to combine the updated position coordinates E' with the comprehensive information set Y to evaluate the state change ΔS of each construction element. This process involves comprehensive consideration and calculation of multiple factors, mainly including:

[0074] Geometric relationship analysis: Based on the new position coordinates E', re-evaluate the relative positions of construction elements and their mutual influence. For example, how does the change in the height of the scaffolding affect its stability?

[0075] Physical property judgment: Combined with data on material properties and equipment performance from the comprehensive information set, it can be used to determine whether construction elements are in normal working order. For example, data from a tower crane load sensor can help confirm whether the tower crane is overloaded.

[0076] Time dimension consideration: Consider the time dimension of the construction progress and analyze the changing trend of construction elements over time. For example, whether the temperature change of the concrete pouring point over time is consistent with the expected curing process.

[0077] Rule engine application: Use predefined rules or pattern matching technology to identify abnormal situations. For example, if the installation position of a structural part deviates from the specified range on the design drawing, it will prompt that there is an installation error.

[0078] Output state changes: Finally, F combines the above analysis results to form an output describing the state change ΔS of each construction element. These state changes can be quantitative (such as changes in values) or qualitative (such as changes from "stable" to "unstable"). They provide important basis for subsequent risk management and progress control.

[0079] Based on the determined state change ΔS, the association relationship G' between construction elements is redefined to ensure that the multidimensional information model can reflect the latest interactions between construction elements. Redefining the association relationship between construction elements ensures that the model can dynamically reflect the physical and logical relationships under the latest construction conditions. This step is crucial for simulating complex construction environments. It can help better understand the mutual influence during the construction process, optimize resource allocation, and improve construction efficiency.

[0080] At the construction site of a high-rise residential construction project, the location, status and relationship of construction elements were updated according to the above sub-processes. The specific implementation is as follows: Identify location changes: Based on the comprehensive information set Y, the project analyzed the location changes of all construction elements in detail. For example, the movement path of the tower crane, the height of the scaffolding and the changes in the concrete pouring points were all accurately recorded. This data provided the basis for subsequent model updates.

[0081] Adjusting the position coordinates: Based on the identified position change ΔP, the position coordinates E of the corresponding construction elements in the multidimensional information model are adjusted to the new position coordinates E'. For example, when a tower crane moves to a new working position, the tower crane position in the model is also updated accordingly, ensuring the consistency between the model and the actual situation.

[0082] Analyze state changes: The updated position coordinates E' and the comprehensive information set Y are analyzed in depth using the formula ΔS=F(E',Y) to evaluate the state change ΔS of each construction element. For example, by comparing the tower crane load sensor data with the design parameters in the model, it can be determined whether the tower crane is overloaded or has other abnormal conditions.

[0083] Redefine the association relationship: Finally, based on the determined state change ΔS, the association relationship G' between the construction elements was redefined. For example, as the height of the scaffolding changes, the support relationship between it and the main structure of the building is updated; according to the progress of concrete pouring, the connection method between the formwork and other structural parts is adjusted. This ensures that the multidimensional information model can accurately reflect the latest interactions between construction elements, helping to better plan resources and manage risks.

[0084] Through this series of measures, the project successfully achieved dynamic updates of the multi-dimensional information model, significantly improving the safety management level and construction efficiency of the construction site. Real-time monitoring and data analysis helped identify potential risks in advance, take preventive measures in a timely manner, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and optimize construction progress management to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0085] Step 6: Analyze potential safety hazards based on the multidimensional information model updated in step 5; further including the following sub-process steps: Based on the updated multidimensional information model, the location coordinates E', state changes ΔS and association relationship G' of the construction elements are extracted to form a comprehensive data set D; by extracting the latest location coordinates, state changes and association relationship information from the multidimensional information model, a comprehensive comprehensive data set D can be formed. This step provides a detailed data basis for subsequent safety risk assessment and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.

[0086] Based on the comprehensive data set D, the safety impact factor H of each construction element is evaluated by the formula H=G(D); using scientific methods to evaluate the safety impact factor H of each construction element, it is possible to quantify the impact of each element on overall safety. This helps to identify which elements are the main source of safety hazards, thus providing a basis for subsequent risk management and preventive measures.

[0087] Using the obtained safety impact factor H, construction elements with high risk values ​​are identified, potential safety hazard points P are determined, and the locations and related attributes of these points are recorded; by analyzing the safety impact factor H, construction elements with high risk values ​​can be accurately located, and potential safety hazard points P can be identified. Recording the location and related attributes of these points (such as type, time, surrounding environment, etc.) provides detailed information for formulating specific risk mitigation measures and improves response efficiency.

[0088] For the identified potential safety hazard point P, combined with the position coordinates E' and the state change ΔS, the risk level R of each hazard point is analyzed through the formula R=Q(P,E',ΔS). Further analysis of the risk level R of each hazard point can more carefully evaluate the actual threat level of different hazard points. This hierarchical management enables the project to prioritize high-risk areas, reasonably allocate resources, effectively reduce the overall risk level, and ensure the safety of the construction site.

[0089] The principle of the formula R=Q(P,E',ΔS) Identification of potential hazards: P refers to the potential safety hazards that have been identified. These points are construction elements with high risk values ​​that have been identified through preliminary analysis (such as data and comprehensive information sets in multidimensional information models). For example, the scaffolding on a certain floor is not firm, and the tower crane load is close to the limit.

[0090] Position coordinate association: E' refers to the updated location coordinates, which clarifies the exact location of each potential safety hazard point P within the construction site. Location coordinates are crucial for risk assessment because they affect the scope and propagation path of the risk. For example, a hazard at the top of a high-rise building is more dangerous than a hazard on the ground because it causes greater losses or injuries.

[0091] State change considerations: ΔS refers to the state change of construction elements, reflecting the change of potential danger point P over time or other factors. State changes can include physical characteristics (such as structural deformation), working conditions (such as equipment overload), environmental factors (such as weather changes), etc. These changes directly affect the risk level of potential danger points.

[0092] Risk level assessment: Q is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above three parameters to calculate the risk level R of the potential risk point. This process involves the following aspects:

[0093] Risk factor weighting: Assign weights to different types of potential hazards and status changes to reflect their different contributions to the overall risk. For example, potential hazards in certain key locations (such as supporting structures) will be given higher weights.

[0094] Quantitative and qualitative analysis: Use a combination of quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgment (such as expert experience) to conduct a multi-level assessment of potential hazards. For example, in addition to considering the current load, the historical maintenance record of the tower crane should also be evaluated.

[0095] Dynamic adjustment of environment and time: Taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the construction site, Q will adjust according to factors such as real-time environmental conditions (such as wind speed and humidity) and time progress (such as workers' reduced attention when the get off work is about to end).

[0096] Rule engine application: Use predefined rules or pattern matching technology to identify and quantify the risk level under specific combinations. For example, when a potential risk point is at a high altitude and surrounded by dense traffic, the system automatically increases its risk level by one level.

[0097] Output risk level: Ultimately, Q outputs a result describing the risk level R of the potential hazard point. This is expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high risk, or a specific numerical score. These grades not only help the project team intuitively understand the risk level of each potential hazard point, but also provide a basis for subsequent risk management and decision-making.

[0098] At a construction site of a high-rise residential building project, an analysis of potential safety hazards was conducted according to the above sub-processes. The specific implementation is as follows: Extraction of comprehensive data set: The project extracted the latest position coordinates E', state changes ΔS, and association relationships G' of all construction elements from the updated multidimensional information model. For example, the new position of the tower crane, the height of the scaffolding, the progress of concrete pouring, etc. were all included in the comprehensive data set D. This provided detailed data support for subsequent safety assessments.

[0099] Evaluate safety impact factors: The safety impact factor H of each construction element in the comprehensive data set D was evaluated using the formula H=G(D). For example, by comprehensively considering factors such as tower crane load, scaffolding stability, and formwork support structure, the safety impact factor of each element was calculated, and it was clear which elements had a greater impact on overall safety.

[0100] The principle of the formula H=G(D) Comprehensive dataset: D refers to the comprehensive dataset, which contains all relevant information in the multidimensional information model, including but not limited to: The position coordinates E' of the construction element (updated position) State change ΔS (such as physical properties, working conditions, etc.) Association relationship G' (such as connection and support relationship between structural parts) Time dimension (such as a timeline of construction progress) Dynamic data (such as sensor readings, camera monitoring results) Safety impact factors: H refers to the safety impact factor, which is used to quantify the impact of each construction element on overall safety. This factor can be a numerical score or a classification level (such as low, medium, and high risk), depending on the needs of the assessment.

[0101] Evaluation Method G: G is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines multiple factors to calculate the safety impact factor H of each construction element. This process involves the following aspects:

[0102] Specific steps and principles Data parsing and feature extraction: G first analyzes the comprehensive dataset D and extracts safety-related features. For example, for scaffolding, it focuses on factors such as height, construction method, material quality, and surrounding environment; for tower cranes, it considers load capacity, operation frequency, maintenance records, etc.

[0103] Weight distribution: G assigns weights to different types of construction elements and their status changes to reflect their different contributions to overall safety. For example, hazards in critical locations (such as supporting structures) are given higher weights, while hazards in secondary locations are given lower weights.

[0104] Rule engine application: G uses predefined rules or pattern matching technology to determine whether the current construction elements are in a safe state based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the temperature at the concrete pouring point is continuously too high or too low, it means improper maintenance; if the tower crane load exceeds the set threshold, it indicates an overload risk.

[0105] Risk Communication Analysis: G considers the risk propagation path caused by safety hazards. For example, an unstable scaffolding not only has the risk of collapse itself, but also affects the surrounding building structures and other construction activities, so its safety impact factor will be increased accordingly.

[0106] Time dynamic adjustment: G is dynamically adjusted according to the time dimension of the construction progress. For example, in the early stages of a project, the safety of certain construction elements is not particularly important, but as the project progresses, the importance of these elements gradually increases. Therefore, the safety impact factor will also be adjusted accordingly.

[0107] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: G uses a combination of quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgment (such as expert experience) to conduct a multi-level assessment of construction elements. This ensures that the assessment results are based on both objective data and professional judgment.

[0108] Environmental considerations: G also takes into account the impact of the actual environmental conditions of the construction site (such as weather conditions, geological conditions, etc.) on the safety of construction elements. For example, in severe weather conditions, the safety risks of high-altitude operations will increase significantly.

[0109] Identify high-risk construction elements: Based on the safety impact factor H obtained from the assessment, construction elements with high risk values ​​are identified, and potential safety hazards P are determined. For example, it is found that the scaffolding on a certain floor is not firmly built and there is a risk of collapse; the load of the tower crane is close to the limit in a specific time period, resulting in an operation accident. The location and related attributes of these potential hazards are recorded in detail so that targeted measures can be taken.

[0110] Analyze the risk level of potential safety hazards: Finally, for the potential safety hazard point P, the risk level R was analyzed using the formula R=Q(P,E',ΔS) in combination with its position coordinates E' and state change ΔS. For example, for the problem of unstable scaffolding, a higher risk level was assessed considering factors such as the height of the floor where it is located and the density of surrounding construction activities; and for the problem of overloaded tower cranes, an appropriate risk level was determined based on the current operating conditions and the work plan for the next few days. This helped to set priorities and reasonably arrange resources for rectification and prevention.

[0111] The principle of the formula R=Q(P,E',ΔS) Identification of potential hazards: P refers to the potential safety hazards that have been identified. These points are construction elements with high risk values ​​that have been identified through preliminary analysis (such as data and comprehensive information sets in multidimensional information models). For example, the scaffolding on a certain floor is not firm, the tower crane load is close to the limit, etc.

[0112] Position coordinate association: E' refers to the updated location coordinates, which clarifies the exact location of each potential safety hazard point P within the construction site. Location coordinates are crucial for risk assessment because they affect the scope and propagation path of the risk. For example, a hazard at the top of a high-rise building is more dangerous than a hazard on the ground because it causes greater losses or injuries.

[0113] State change considerations: ΔS refers to the state change of construction elements, reflecting the change of potential danger point P over time or other factors. State changes can include physical characteristics (such as structural deformation), working conditions (such as equipment overload), environmental factors (such as weather changes), etc. These changes directly affect the risk level of potential danger points.

[0114] Risk level assessment method Q: Q is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above three parameters to calculate the risk level R of the potential danger point. This process involves the following aspects:

[0115] Specific steps and principles Risk factor extraction and weight allocation: Q first extracts key risk factors from the potential danger point P, location coordinates E' and state change ΔS, and assigns weights to each factor. For example, for scaffolding problems, factors such as height, construction method, and material quality will be considered; for tower cranes, load capacity, operation frequency, maintenance records, etc. will be considered.

[0116] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: Q uses a combination of quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgment (such as expert experience) to conduct a multi-level assessment of potential hazards. This ensures that the assessment results are based on both objective data and professional judgment.

[0117] Rule engine application: Q uses predefined rules or pattern matching technology to determine whether the current potential risk point is in a safe state based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the temperature of the concrete pouring point is continuously too high or too low, it means improper maintenance; if the tower crane load exceeds the set threshold, it indicates an overload risk.

[0118] Risk transmission path analysis: Q takes into account the risk transmission path caused by the hidden danger point. For example, an unstable scaffolding not only has the risk of collapse itself, but also affects the surrounding building structure and other construction activities, so its risk level will be increased accordingly.

[0119] Dynamic adjustment of environment and time: Q is dynamically adjusted based on real-time environmental conditions (such as wind speed and humidity) and time (such as workers’ decreased attention as the end of the workday approaches). For example, in severe weather conditions, the risk level of scaffolding problems in aerial work is further increased.

[0120] Comprehensive rating and grading: Q ultimately combines all the assessment results to form an output describing the risk level R of the potential risk point. This is expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high risk, or a specific numerical score. These grades help the project team intuitively understand the risk level of each potential risk point and provide a basis for subsequent risk management and decision-making.

[0121] Through this series of measures, the project successfully identified and assessed potential safety hazards at the construction site, significantly improving the accuracy and effectiveness of safety management.

[0122] Step 7: Based on the potential safety hazards identified in step 6, formulate corresponding risk mitigation measures and embed them into the multidimensional information model; further including the following sub-process steps: For the identified potential safety hazards P, analyze the specific situation of each hazard point and determine the risk mitigation measures M that need to be taken; through a detailed analysis of each hazard point P, its specific security threat and impact range can be clarified. This step helps to determine the most appropriate mitigation measures M, ensuring that the measures taken are highly targeted and effective, thereby effectively reducing risks.

[0123] According to the determined risk mitigation measure type M, a specific mitigation plan N is designed. The plan must include implementation details and expected results, and be associated with the location coordinates E' of the potential risk point P; designing a detailed mitigation plan N not only clarifies how to implement these measures, but also sets the expected results for subsequent evaluation. Associating the plan with the location coordinates E' of the potential risk point P ensures that all measures can be accurately applied to the corresponding construction elements, improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the implementation.

[0124] Based on the specific mitigation plan N, the risk mitigation measures information is embedded into the corresponding position of the multidimensional information model through the formula V=U(N,E'); through a scientific method (formula V=U(N,E')), the specific mitigation measures information is embedded into the corresponding construction element position in the multidimensional information model. This step enables the multidimensional information model to include not only the latest construction progress and status, but also safety risk management measures, enhancing the practicality and guidance of the model.

[0125] Using the updated multidimensional information model, the state change W after the implementation of risk mitigation measures is evaluated through the formula W=T(V,ΔS). Evaluating the state change W after the implementation of risk mitigation measures can verify the actual effect of these measures and adjust or optimize the plan in time. This step ensures the effectiveness of safety management measures and provides data support for future decision-making, further improving the safety level of the construction site.

[0126] The principle of the formula W=T(V,ΔS) Multidimensional Information Model with Risk Mitigation Measures: V refers to the updated multi-dimensional information model, which not only contains the latest construction progress and status, but also includes information on risk mitigation measures that have been embedded. For example, for scaffold reinforcement work, information on new support rods and connectors has been added to the model.

[0127] Status changes: ΔS refers to the change in the state of the construction element, reflecting the actual change of the potential risk point P before and after the risk mitigation measures are taken. This can include physical characteristics (such as structural stability), working conditions (such as equipment load), environmental factors (such as weather impact), etc.

[0128] Evaluation method T: T is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above two parameters to calculate the state change W after implementing risk mitigation measures. This process involves the following aspects:

[0129] Specific steps and principles Data parsing and feature extraction: T first analyzes the multidimensional information model V with risk mitigation measures to extract the key features of all relevant construction elements, especially those that have been modified or added. For example, check the location of the newly added support rods and fastener specifications in the model.

[0130] Comparative analysis: T compares the current state change ΔS with the previous state to determine whether the risk mitigation measures have achieved the expected effect. For example, by simulating the performance of the tower crane under different load conditions, it can be evaluated whether its stability has been significantly improved.

[0131] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: The new state of the construction element is fully assessed using a combination of quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgement (such as expert experience). This ensures that the assessment results are based on both objective data and professional judgement.

[0132] Rule engine application: T uses predefined rules or pattern matching technology to verify the actual effect of risk mitigation measures based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the status change of a potential risk point is in line with expectations, the system confirms that the measure is effective; otherwise, it prompts that further adjustments are needed.

[0133] Dynamic simulation and scenario simulation: T uses dynamic simulation and scenario simulation technology to simulate various working conditions that may occur after implementing risk mitigation measures. For example, it simulates the performance of reinforced scaffolding under severe weather conditions to ensure that it remains safe and reliable under extreme conditions.

[0134] Feedback Mechanism: A feedback mechanism is established to continuously monitor and collect actual operation data after risk mitigation measures are implemented. This data is used to verify the accuracy of model predictions and provide support for future decision-making. For example, the performance of reinforced scaffolding in daily operations is monitored in real time to ensure its long-term stability.

[0135] Output state change W: Ultimately, the output of T is a result describing the change in state W after implementing risk mitigation measures. This is expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high risk changes, or a specific numerical score. These grades help the project team intuitively understand the effects of the measures and provide a basis for further optimization.

[0136] At a construction site of a high-rise residential construction project, corresponding risk mitigation measures were developed according to the above sub-processes and embedded into the multidimensional information model. The specific implementation is as follows: Analyze the specific situation of the potential safety hazards: The project conducted a detailed analysis of the potential safety hazards P that were identified. For example, in the case of a loose scaffold on a certain floor, the scaffolding construction method, material quality, and surrounding environment were checked, and it was confirmed that the main problems were loose connection parts and insufficient support. Based on this analysis result, the risk mitigation measure type M was determined to strengthen the connection parts and support structure.

[0137] Design specific mitigation plans: Based on the identified risk mitigation measure type M, a specific mitigation plan N is designed. Taking the scaffolding problem as an example, the plan includes adding additional support rods, tightening all connectors, and arranging for regular inspection and maintenance. The plan clearly defines the implementation schedule, responsible personnel, and expected results (such as improving the stability of the scaffolding to safety standards). In addition, these measures are associated with the location coordinates E' of the potential risk point P to ensure accurate implementation.

[0138] Embed risk mitigation measures information: Use the formula V=U(N,E') to embed specific mitigation solutions N into the multidimensional information model. For example, add new support rods and connectors to the location coordinate E' of the floor where the scaffolding is located in the model, ensuring that all relevant personnel can see these changes in the virtual environment, enhancing the transparency and safety of on-site operations.

[0139] Evaluate the change in state after implementation: Finally, the change in state W after the implementation of risk mitigation measures was evaluated by the formula W=T(V,ΔS). For example, the performance of the reinforced scaffolding under different load conditions was simulated, and it was found that its stability was significantly improved, achieving the expected effect. At the same time, the change in state ΔS of other related construction elements was also monitored, such as the impact of tower crane operation on the new scaffolding, to ensure that the overall construction environment is safer and more reliable.

[0140] The principle of the formula W=T(V,ΔS) Multidimensional Information Model with Risk Mitigation Measures V: V refers to the updated multi-dimensional information model, which not only contains the latest construction progress and status, but also includes risk mitigation measures information that has been embedded. For example, the location coordinates of the floor where the scaffolding is located in the model have been added with information on new support rods and connectors.

[0141] State change ΔS: ΔS refers to the actual state change of the construction element before and after risk mitigation measures are taken, which can include physical characteristics (such as structural stability), working conditions (such as equipment load), environmental factors (such as weather impact), etc.

[0142] Evaluation method T: T is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above two parameters to calculate the new state W after implementing risk mitigation measures. This process involves the following aspects:

[0143] Specific steps and principles Data parsing and feature extraction: First, a multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures V is parsed to extract the key features of all relevant construction elements, especially those that have been modified or added. For example, check the location of new support rods and fastener specifications in the model.

[0144] Comparative analysis: T changes the current state The ΔS is compared with the previous state to determine whether the risk mitigation measures have achieved the desired effect. For example, by simulating the performance of a tower crane under different load conditions, it can be assessed whether its stability has been significantly improved.

[0145] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: The new state of the construction element is fully assessed using a combination of quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgement (such as expert experience). This ensures that the assessment results are based on both objective data and professional judgement.

[0146] Rule engine application: T uses predefined rules or pattern matching technology to verify the actual effect of risk mitigation measures based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the status change of a potential risk point is in line with expectations, the system confirms that the measure is effective; otherwise, it prompts that further adjustments are needed.

[0147] Dynamic simulation and scenario simulation: T uses dynamic simulation and scenario simulation technology to simulate various working conditions that may occur after implementing risk mitigation measures. For example, it simulates the performance of reinforced scaffolding under severe weather conditions to ensure that it remains safe and reliable under extreme conditions.

[0148] Feedback Mechanism: A feedback mechanism is established to continuously monitor and collect actual operation data after risk mitigation measures are implemented. This data is used to verify the accuracy of model predictions and provide support for future decision-making. For example, the performance of reinforced scaffolding in daily operations is monitored in real time to ensure its long-term stability.

[0149] Output state change W: Ultimately, the output of T is a result describing the change in state W after implementing risk mitigation measures. This is expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high risk changes, or a specific numerical score. These grades help the project team intuitively understand the effects of the measures and provide a basis for further optimization.

[0150] Through this series of measures, the project successfully developed and embedded effective risk mitigation measures, significantly improving the safety management level of the construction site. Real-time monitoring and data analysis helped identify risks in advance, take preventive measures in a timely manner, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and optimize construction progress management to ensure the smooth progress of the project.

[0151] Step 8: Use the multi-dimensional information model with risk mitigation measures formed in step 7 to guide construction site operations and ensure real-time adjustments to cope with dynamic changes; further including the following sub-process steps: Based on the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures, the risk mitigation measures V and their position coordinates E' of each construction element are extracted to form a guidance data set Z; the risk mitigation measures V and the corresponding position coordinates E' are extracted from the multidimensional information model to form a guidance data set Z. This step provides specific safety guidance for on-site operations, ensuring that all construction activities can be carried out in accordance with the latest safety standards, and improving the safety and standardization of on-site operations.

[0152] Based on the guidance data set Z, the operation adjustment suggestion A for the current state change ΔS is generated through the formula A=B(Z,ΔS); combined with the guidance data set Z and the current state change ΔS, a highly targeted operation adjustment suggestion A is generated. This helps project managers and construction personnel to promptly understand the specific operation details that need to be adjusted, ensure that construction activities are consistent with the latest safety measures, and reduce operational errors caused by information lag.

[0153] The principle of the formula A=B(Z,ΔS) Guidance dataset Z: Z refers to the guidance dataset extracted from the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures, which contains the risk mitigation measures and their location coordinates for each construction element. For example, for the reinforced scaffolding, the guidance dataset includes the location of the newly added support rods, fastener specifications, etc.

[0154] State change ΔS: ΔS refers to the change in state of a construction element after risk mitigation measures have been implemented or as construction progresses. This can include changes in physical properties (such as structural stability), working conditions (such as equipment loads), environmental factors (such as weather effects), etc.

[0155] Generate operational adjustment recommendations A: A refers to specific operational adjustment recommendations generated based on the guidance dataset Z and the current state change ΔS. These recommendations are designed to ensure that all construction activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety standards and are flexible to respond to dynamic changes.

[0156] Evaluation Method B: B is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above two parameters to generate a highly targeted operational adjustment suggestion A. This process usually involves the following aspects:

[0157] Specific steps and principles Data parsing and matching: B first parses the guidance dataset Z and associates the risk mitigation measures with the location coordinates of the construction elements. At the same time, it considers the current state change ΔS to ensure that the generated recommendations are consistent with the actual situation.

[0158] Rule engine application: B uses predefined rules or pattern matching technology to generate specific operational adjustment suggestions based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the status change of a potential risk point exceeds the normal range, the system automatically generates corresponding adjustment suggestions.

[0159] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: B combines quantitative data (such as sensor readings) and qualitative judgment (such as expert experience) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state change. This ensures that the generated adjustment recommendations are based on both objective data and professional judgment.

[0160] Scenario simulation and simulation: B uses scenario simulation and simulation technology to predict the effects of different adjustment plans. For example, simulate the performance of reinforced scaffolding in bad weather and choose the safest and most reliable adjustment plan.

[0161] Prioritization and resource allocation: B Prioritize different operational adjustment suggestions according to risk level and importance, and allocate resources appropriately. For example, operational adjustments in high-risk areas will be prioritized to ensure that key issues are resolved in a timely manner.

[0162] Output Operation Adjustment Recommendation A: Ultimately, B outputs a result describing a specific operation adjustment recommendation A. This is usually expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high priority adjustment recommendations, or a specific numerical score. These recommendations help the project team intuitively understand the specific operational details that need to be adjusted and ensure that construction activities are consistent with the latest safety measures.

[0163] Use the generated operation adjustment suggestion A to update the on-site construction instruction C to ensure that all construction activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety guidance, and record the adjusted instruction D; convert the operation adjustment suggestion A into a specific construction instruction C to ensure that all construction activities strictly follow the latest safety guidance. At the same time, record the adjusted instruction D for subsequent tracking and auditing, ensure the transparency and traceability of the construction process, and improve management efficiency.

[0164] Based on the adjusted instruction D, the execution status E of the construction site is monitored in real time through the formula E=F(D,Y), ensuring that any deviation from the expected operation can be discovered and corrected in time. Real-time monitoring of the execution status E of the construction site can promptly discover and correct any deviation from the expected operation. This step ensures that all construction activities are carried out strictly in accordance with the adjusted instructions, enhances the safety and controllability of the construction site, and reduces potential risks.

[0165] The principle of the formula E=F(D,Y) Adjusted instruction D: D refers to construction instructions that are generated and updated based on risk mitigation measures and current status changes. These instructions contain specific operational adjustment recommendations to ensure that all construction activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety standards.

[0166] Comprehensive information set Y: Y refers to the comprehensive information set in the multidimensional information model, which includes dynamic data obtained from the data acquisition device and static information fields in the model. This includes but is not limited to real-time data such as environmental parameters, mechanical equipment operating status, personnel flow, and static information such as building structure dimensions and material properties.

[0167] Real-time monitoring and evaluationE: E refers to the construction site execution evaluation result calculated by F. This result helps the project team to promptly identify and correct operations that deviate from expectations and ensure that all construction activities are carried out strictly in accordance with the adjusted instructions.

[0168] Evaluation Method F: F is a comprehensive evaluation function that combines the above two parameters to monitor the execution of the construction site E in real time. This process usually involves the following aspects:

[0169] Specific steps and principles Instruction parsing and matching: F first parses the adjusted instructions D and matches them with the specific operating requirements at each location in the construction site. For example, confirm whether the tower crane operation complies with the new load limit and whether the scaffolding construction complies with the reinforcement requirements.

[0170] Data collection and synchronization: F collects data from various data acquisition devices (such as sensors, cameras) in real time and synchronizes these data with the comprehensive information set Y in the multidimensional information model. This ensures that the monitoring system can obtain the latest on-site conditions.

[0171] Comparative analysis: F Compare and analyze the actual execution with the adjusted instruction D to determine whether there is any deviation from the expected operation. For example, check whether the actual load of the tower crane exceeds the newly set safety threshold, and whether the scaffolding erection height meets the latest requirements.

[0172] Rule engine application: F Use predefined rules or pattern matching technology to identify abnormal operations based on historical experience and industry standards. For example, if the status change of a construction element exceeds the normal range, the system automatically issues a warning.

[0173] Combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis: F A comprehensive assessment of field performance is conducted using a combination of quantitative data (e.g. sensor readings) and qualitative judgement (e.g. expert experience). This ensures that the assessment is based on both objective data and professional judgement.

[0174] Dynamic feedback mechanism: F. Establish a dynamic feedback mechanism to continuously monitor and collect actual operation data of the construction site. This data is used to verify the accuracy of instruction execution and provide support for future decision-making. For example, real-time monitoring of the performance of reinforced scaffolding in daily operations to ensure its long-term stability.

[0175] Output execution evaluation E: Ultimately, the output of F is a result that describes the execution of the construction site E. This is usually expressed in a graded manner, such as low, medium, and high risk changes, or a specific numerical score. These grades help the project team intuitively understand the execution of field operations and take corrective measures in a timely manner.

[0176] At a construction site of a high-rise residential building project, operation guidance and real-time monitoring were carried out according to the above sub-processes. The specific implementation is as follows: Extract risk mitigation measures: The project extracted the risk mitigation measures V and their location coordinates E' for each construction element from the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures, forming a detailed guidance data set Z. For example, for the reinforced scaffolding, the specific location and installation requirements of the newly added support rods and connectors were extracted.

[0177] Generate operational adjustment suggestions: Based on the guidance data set Z and the current state change ΔS (such as weather changes, material supply conditions, etc.), the formula A=B(Z,ΔS) is used to generate specific operational adjustment suggestions A. For example, when encountering bad weather, it is recommended to suspend high-altitude operations and strengthen the fixation inspection of scaffolding.

[0178] Update construction instructions: Convert the generated operation adjustment suggestion A into specific construction instructions C and distribute them to the corresponding construction teams. For example, for the work of scaffold reinforcement, the responsible personnel, working hours and quality standards are clarified, and these adjusted instructions D are recorded for subsequent verification.

[0179] Real-time monitoring of execution: Finally, the execution status E of the construction site is monitored in real time through the formula E=F(D,Y). For example, using cameras and sensor networks, the progress of scaffold reinforcement work can be checked at any time to ensure that all operations are strictly carried out in accordance with the adjusted instructions. Once a deviation from the expected situation is found (such as workers not tightening the connectors as required), corrective measures are taken immediately to ensure construction safety.

[0180] Through this series of measures, the project successfully achieved effective guidance and real-time monitoring of construction site operations, significantly improving the accuracy and response speed of safety management. Real-time data feedback helps identify risks in advance, take preventive measures in a timely manner, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and optimize construction progress management to ensure the smooth progress of the project. This approach not only improves construction quality and safety, but also provides management with a reliable decision-making support tool, enabling them to respond to various challenges more agilely.

[0181] On the other hand, the present invention proposes a construction site safety risk prediction system based on BIM, such as Figure 2 As shown, including: A multi-dimensional information model building and data acquisition device deployment module is used to create a multi-dimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, and deploy a variety of data acquisition devices at various locations on the construction site based on the multi-dimensional information model; The data stream acquisition and preliminary processing module is used to acquire the data stream reflecting the construction progress and the changes in the on-site conditions through the data acquisition device, transmit the acquired data stream to the central processing unit, and match it with the static information in the multidimensional information model; The construction element update and safety hazard analysis module is used to update the location, status and association relationship of the construction elements in the multidimensional information model based on the matching results, and analyze potential safety hazard points based on the updated multidimensional information model; The risk mitigation measures formulation and implementation guidance module is used to formulate corresponding risk mitigation measures based on the identified safety hazards and embed them into the multidimensional information model, and use the formed multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures to guide construction site operations.

[0182] In addition, the above-mentioned multi-dimensional information model construction and data acquisition device deployment module, data flow acquisition and preliminary processing module, construction element update and safety hazard analysis module and risk mitigation measures formulation and implementation guidance module are also used to implement the other steps of the above-mentioned BIM-based construction site safety risk prediction method during execution, which will not be elaborated here one by one.

[0183] In summary, the present invention improves the timeliness of updating the location, status and association of construction elements in the multidimensional information model, and also enhances the accuracy of the analysis of potential safety hazards. Ultimately, by embedding the formulated risk mitigation measures into the multidimensional information model, it is possible to more effectively guide construction site operations, ensure that all activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety standards, and be able to flexibly respond to dynamic changes. This method greatly improves the real-time and effectiveness of construction site safety management and reduces the possibility of safety accidents.

[0184] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM, characterized in that: The steps include: Creating a multidimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, and deploying a variety of data acquisition devices at various locations on the construction site based on the multidimensional information model; Through the data acquisition device, a data stream reflecting the construction progress and changes in the on-site conditions is obtained, the obtained data stream is transmitted to the central processing unit, and matched with the static information in the multidimensional information model; Based on the matching results, the location, status and relationship of the construction elements are updated in the multidimensional information model, and potential safety hazards are analyzed based on the updated multidimensional information model; Based on the identified safety hazards, corresponding risk mitigation measures are formulated and embedded into the multidimensional information model, and the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures is used to guide construction site operations.

2. A construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that: The creation of a multidimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information includes: Collect building structural drawings and construction planning documents to extract information on geometry, material properties and construction stages; Based on the obtained geometric dimensions and material property information, a three-dimensional coordinate system is constructed, and the position and boundary of each building element are defined in the coordinate system; Establish connections between architectural elements in a three-dimensional coordinate system based on their locations and boundaries, ensuring that interactions between all elements are accurately represented; The time dimension of the multidimensional information model is calculated by combining the determined connection relationships and construction stage information.

3. A construction site safety risk prediction method based on BIM according to claim 2, characterized in that: Based on the multi-dimensional information model, various data collection devices are deployed at various locations on the construction site, including: Identify the locations that need to be monitored in the construction site and select the type of data collection device based on the characteristics of the location; Deploy the data collection devices at the location according to the selected data collection device type, ensure that each device can cover its surrounding area, and record the installation coordinates of each device; Based on the installation coordinates, a communication network between data acquisition devices is constructed to ensure data transmission to the central processing unit; By using the established communication network, the effective working range of each data acquisition device is calculated to ensure that the effective working ranges of all data acquisition devices overlap with each other to achieve monitoring without blind spots.

4. A method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 3, characterized in that: The data acquisition device is used to obtain a data stream reflecting the construction progress and changes in the on-site conditions, including: Start the deployed data collection device to monitor various activities in the construction site and record the raw data stream; Performing preliminary processing on the obtained raw data stream, filtering out redundant information, generating a simplified data stream, and associating the simplified data stream with the corresponding data acquisition device installation coordinates; Analyze the actual construction progress and status changes at each location based on streamlined data flow and installation coordinates; Using the actual construction situation, update the information fields about construction progress and site conditions in the multidimensional information model to ensure that the model can reflect the latest construction dynamics.

5. A method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of transmitting the obtained data stream to a central processing unit and matching it with static information in a multidimensional information model comprises: Establish a data transmission channel from the data acquisition device to the central processing unit to ensure that the acquired data stream can be transmitted to the central processing unit; Based on the established transmission channel, the received data stream is preliminarily checked to remove any errors or abnormal values; According to the verified data stream, the dynamic data is matched with the static information fields in the multidimensional information model to generate a comprehensive information set; The generated comprehensive information set is used to update the multidimensional information model stored in the central processing unit, so that the multidimensional information model can reflect the latest construction progress and site conditions in real time.

6. A method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 5, characterized in that: The updating of the location, status and association relationship of the construction elements in the multidimensional information model based on the matching results includes: Based on the comprehensive information set generated, identify changes in the location of construction elements and record the changes; According to the identified position changes, the position coordinates of each construction element in the multidimensional information model are adjusted to the new position coordinates; Analyze and determine the status change of each construction element using the updated position coordinates; Based on the determined state changes, the association relationships between construction elements are redefined to ensure that the multidimensional information model can reflect the latest interactions between construction elements.

7. A method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 6, characterized in that: The analysis of potential safety hazards based on the updated multi-dimensional information model includes: Based on the updated multi-dimensional information model, the location coordinates, status changes and associated relationship information of the construction elements are extracted to form a comprehensive data set; Based on the comprehensive data set, the safety impact factor of each construction element is evaluated; Using the obtained safety impact factors, identify construction elements with high risk values, determine potential safety hazard points, and record the locations and related attributes of potential safety hazard points; For the identified potential safety hazards, the risk level of each hazard point is analyzed in combination with the location coordinates and status changes.

8. The method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 7, characterized in that: The above-mentioned corresponding risk mitigation measures are formulated based on the identified potential safety hazards and embedded into the multi-dimensional information model, including: For the identified potential safety hazards, analyze the specific situation of each hazard point and determine the type of risk mitigation measures that need to be taken; Design a specific mitigation plan based on the determined risk mitigation measures, which includes implementation details and expected results, and is associated with the location coordinates of the potential hazard points; Based on the specific mitigation plan, the risk mitigation measures information is embedded into the corresponding position of the multidimensional information model; Utilize the updated multi-dimensional information model to assess status changes after implementing risk mitigation measures.

9. The method for predicting construction site safety risks based on BIM according to claim 8, characterized in that: The multi-dimensional information model with risk mitigation measures formed is used to guide construction site operations, including: Based on the multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures, the risk mitigation measures and their location coordinates of each construction element are extracted to form a guidance data set; Generate operational adjustment suggestions for current state changes based on the guidance data set; Use the generated operation adjustment suggestions to update on-site construction instructions to ensure that all construction activities are carried out in accordance with the latest safety guidelines. Record the adjusted instructions and monitor the execution status of the construction site in real time based on the adjusted instructions.

10. A BIM-based construction site safety risk prediction system for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: A multi-dimensional information model building and data acquisition device deployment module is used to create a multi-dimensional information model including building structure information and construction planning information, and deploy a variety of data acquisition devices at various locations on the construction site based on the multi-dimensional information model; The data stream acquisition and preliminary processing module is used to acquire the data stream reflecting the construction progress and the changes in the on-site conditions through the data acquisition device, transmit the acquired data stream to the central processing unit, and match it with the static information in the multidimensional information model; The construction element update and safety hazard analysis module is used to update the location, status and association relationship of the construction elements in the multidimensional information model based on the matching results, and analyze potential safety hazard points based on the updated multidimensional information model; The risk mitigation measures formulation and implementation guidance module is used to formulate corresponding risk mitigation measures based on the identified safety hazards and embed them into the multidimensional information model, and use the formed multidimensional information model with risk mitigation measures to guide construction site operations.

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