A rosin-based activated carbon and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of activated carbon, and specifically relates to a rosin-based activated carbon and a preparation method thereof. The activated carbon provided by the present invention is obtained by reacting and refining rosin as a base material, belonging to biomass-based activated carbon. However, the activated carbon prepared from rosin has a larger specific surface area and stronger adsorption capacity than ordinary activated carbon, and the raw materials are renewable, reducing environmental pollution. A preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon provided by the present invention includes three steps: S1 raw material purification, S2 carbonization, and S3 activation. In the S2 carbonization step, adding an acidic solution and metal oxides can reduce the carbonization temperature, enhance the decomposition of rosin, and effectively promote the formation of functional groups with a high specific surface area; the metal oxides can increase the porosity of the rosin-based activated carbon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of activated carbon, and specifically relates to a rosin-based activated carbon and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Due to its excellent adsorption performance, high specific surface area and chemical stability, activated carbon has been widely used in the fields of environmental protection, chemical engineering, food processing, medicine and energy storage. The traditional raw materials for preparing activated carbon mainly include wood materials, coal and petroleum coke, etc. However, with the in-depth implementation of the concept of sustainable development, finding renewable and environmentally friendly raw materials for preparing activated carbon has become a research hotspot. Pine trees are one of the most common log varieties in China, with a wide distribution, mainly in the northeast, northwest and south China regions. Pine trees belong to coniferous trees and are one of the important wood resources in China, with a large annual demand. Rosin, as a natural resin secreted by pine trees and other plants, is rich in source and is a potential high-quality raw material for preparing activated carbon. At present, there is little research on the preparation of rosin-based activated carbon, and most of the preparation methods have problems such as complex processes, high energy consumption and unstable product performance.

[0003] Therefore, it is valuable to invent a rosin-based activated carbon with a simple process, low energy consumption and excellent product performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above existing technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a rosin-based activated carbon and a preparation method thereof. The rosin-based activated carbon prepared by this method has a very high specific surface area and good pore structure, greatly improving the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon and having a wide application prospect.

[0005] The present invention discloses a preparation method of rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin to a melter, add turpentine sizing solution, and then add washing water. After stirring and mixing, heat up to melt. After the melting is completed, cool down and clarify. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin solution;

[0007] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin solution obtained in step S1 to a reactor, introduce an inert gas into the reactor to displace the air, and then add deionized water, an acidic solution and a metal oxide into the reactor filled with the inert gas. Then heat up, pressurize and stir. After the reaction is completed, cool down and obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Centrifuge the solid-liquid mixture to collect the solid matter. Combine the collected solid matter and wash it with a washing solution. After the washing is completed, dry it to obtain rosin carbide;

[0008] Activation of S3: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, heat up and pressurize the activation reactor for reaction for 2 - 4 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor and dry them to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0009] Preferably, in the raw material purification step of S1, the oil content of the turpentine fat-regulating liquid is 20 - 30%.

[0010] Preferably, in the raw material purification step of S1, the volume ratio of the rosin to the washing water is 1:(4 - 5).

[0011] Preferably, in the raw material purification step of S1, the required temperature during the heating and melting process is 100 - 120 °C.

[0012] Preferably, in the carbonization step of S2, the inert gas is helium, argon or nitrogen.

[0013] Preferably, in the carbonization step of S2, the acidic solution is an acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 30 - 50%; the metal oxide is calcium oxide.

[0014] Preferably, in the carbonization step of S2, the mass ratio of the acidic solution to the rosin liquid is (0.5 - 1.5):1; the mass ratio of the metal oxide to the rosin liquid is (0.8 - 1.2):1.

[0015] Preferably, in the carbonization step of S2, the reaction temperature of the reactor during the heating, pressurizing and stirring process is 220 - 250 °C; the pressure of the reactor is 3 - 5 MPa.

[0016] Preferably, in the activation step of S3, the temperature of the activation reactor is 300 - 350 °C; the pressure of the activation reactor is 10 - 14 MPa.

[0017] A rosin-based activated carbon, which is obtained by the preparation method of any one of the above rosin-based activated carbons.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] The present invention provides a method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon. The rosin-based activated carbon prepared by the above method has a high specific surface area. Using rosin as the raw material, through pyrolysis and activation treatment, the obtained activated carbon has a specific surface area ≥ 1800 m2 / g, greatly improving its adsorption capacity; it has a good pore structure. This method can adjust the activation conditions to form a rich microporous structure, making it show excellent performance in gas and liquid adsorption; it is environmentally friendly. Using renewable resource rosin as the raw material reduces the dependence on traditional wood and coal resources. At the same time, inert gas protection is adopted during the production process to reduce environmental pollution; it has a wide application prospect. This rosin-based activated carbon can be widely used in water treatment, air purification, waste gas treatment and other environmental protection fields, with high commercial value and social benefits.

[0020] In the method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon provided by the present invention, in the S2 carbonization step, adding an acidic solution and metal oxide can reduce the carbonization temperature, enhance the decomposition of rosin, and effectively promote the formation of functional groups with a high specific surface area; the metal oxide can increase the porosity of the rosin-based activated carbon. Specific embodiments

[0021] The following embodiments are provided to better further understand the present invention. It is not limited to the best embodiment, and does not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product identical or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art features falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] For those not specifying specific experimental steps or conditions in the embodiments, the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field can be followed. For the reagents or instruments not indicating the manufacturer, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0023] Example 1: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, including the following steps:

[0024] S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin to a melter, add a turpentine sizing solution with an oil content of 20%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4; after stirring and mixing, heat up to 100 °C for melting. After melting for 1 h, cool down the reaction solution until it is clear. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin solution.

[0025] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to the reactor. Introduce nitrogen into the reactor to displace air. Subsequently, add deionized water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 30%, and calcium oxide into the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of the acetic acid solution to the rosin liquid is 0.5:1, and the mass ratio of calcium oxide to the rosin liquid is 0.8:1. Then raise the temperature of the reactor to 220 °C, pressurize to 3 MPa, and start stirring for 2 h. After the reaction ends, cool down to 25 °C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid substances, combine the collected solid substances and wash them with the washing liquid, wash a total of 2 - 3 times, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing ends, conduct drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C, and obtain rosin carbide.

[0026] S3 Activation: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 300 °C, pressurize to 10 MPa, and start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 2 h. After the reaction ends, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C, and obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0027] Example 2: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin to the melter, add turpentine oil sizing liquid with an oil content of 25%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.5. After stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 110 °C for melting. After melting for 2 h, cool down after melting until the reaction liquid is clear. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin liquid.

[0029] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to the reactor. Introduce nitrogen into the reactor to displace air. Subsequently, add deionized water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 40%, and calcium oxide into the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of the acetic acid solution to the rosin liquid is 1:1, and the mass ratio of calcium oxide to the rosin liquid is 1:1. Then raise the temperature of the reactor to 235 °C, pressurize to 4 MPa, and start stirring for 3.5 h. After the reaction ends, cool down to 25 °C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid substances, combine the collected solid substances and wash them with the washing liquid, wash a total of 2 - 3 times, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing ends, conduct drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C, and obtain rosin carbide.

[0030] Activation of S3: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 330 °C, pressurize to 12 MPa, and then start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor and dry them. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0031] Example 3: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Purification of S1 raw materials: Add the collected rosin to the melter, add a turpentine sizing solution with an oil content of 30%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:5; after stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 120 °C for melting. After melting for 3 h, cool down to the reaction liquid being clear after melting. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin solution.

[0033] Carbonization of S2: Add the purified rosin solution obtained in step S1 to the reactor, introduce nitrogen into the reactor to displace air, and then add deionized water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 50%, and calcium oxide in the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of acetic acid solution to rosin solution is 1.5:1, and the mass ratio of calcium oxide to rosin solution is 1.2:1; then raise the temperature of the reactor to 250 °C, pressurize to 5 MPa, and start stirring for 5 h. After the reaction is completed, cool down to 25 °C for cooling to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid matter, combine the collected solid matter and wash it with the washing liquid, wash it 2 - 3 times in total, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing is completed, dry it. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0034] Activation of S3: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 350 °C, pressurize to 14 MPa, and then start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 4 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor and dry them. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0035] Example 4: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Purification of S1 raw materials: Add the collected rosin to the melter, add a turpentine sizing solution with an oil content of 23.4%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.3; after stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 120 °C for melting. After melting for 1.7 h, cool down to the reaction liquid being clear after melting. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin solution.

[0037] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 into a reactor. Introduce argon into the reactor to displace the air. Subsequently, add deionized water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 35%, and calcium oxide into the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of the acetic acid solution to the rosin liquid is 1.3:1, and the mass ratio of calcium oxide to the rosin liquid is 0.9:1. Then raise the temperature of the reactor to 235°C, pressurize to 3.5 MPa, and start stirring for 2.2 h. After the reaction ends, cool down to 25°C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid matter, combine the collected solid matter and wash it with a washing liquid, wash it 2 - 3 times in total. The washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing is completed, perform drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80°C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0038] S3 Activation: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 into an activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 328°C, pressurize to 12.6 MPa, and start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 2.7 h. After the reaction ends, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50°C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0039] Example 5: A preparation method of rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin into a melter, add turpentine oil sizing liquid with an oil content of 26.9%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.7. After stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 120°C for melting. After melting for 2.6 h, cool down after the melting ends until the reaction liquid is clarified. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin liquid.

[0041] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to the reactor, introduce helium gas into the reactor to displace the air, and then add deionized water, acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 44%, and calcium oxide into the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of the acetic acid solution to the rosin liquid is 0.7:1, and the mass ratio of calcium oxide to the rosin liquid is 1.1:1; then raise the temperature of the reactor to 242 °C, pressurize to 4.3 MPa and start stirring for 3.6 h. After the reaction ends, cool it to 25 °C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid substance, combine the collected solid substances and wash them with the washing liquid, wash them 2 - 3 times in total, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing ends, perform drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0042] S3 Activation: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 343 °C, pressurize to 13.2 MPa and start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 2.7 h. After the reaction ends, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0043] Example 6: A preparation method of rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin to the melter, add turpentine oil conditioning liquid with an oil content of 25%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.5; after stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 110 °C for melting. After melting for 2 h, the melting ends and the temperature is lowered until the reaction liquid is clear. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin liquid.

[0045] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to the reactor, introduce nitrogen gas into the reactor to displace the air, and then add deionized water and acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 40% into the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of the acetic acid solution to the rosin liquid is 1:1; then raise the temperature of the reactor to 235 °C, pressurize to 4 MPa and start stirring for 3.5 h. After the reaction ends, cool it to 25 °C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid substance, combine the collected solid substances and wash them with the washing liquid, wash them 2 - 3 times in total, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing ends, perform drying, set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0046] Activation of S3: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 330 °C, pressurize to 12 MPa, and then start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0047] Example 7: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Purification of S1 raw materials: Add the collected rosin to a melter, add a turpentine sizing solution with an oil content of 25%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.5; after stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 110 °C for melting. After melting for 2 h, cool down to make the reaction liquid clear after melting. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin liquid.

[0049] Carbonization of S2: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to the reactor, introduce nitrogen in the reactor to displace air, and then add deionized water and calcium oxide in the reactor filled with inert gas. The mass ratio of calcium oxide to rosin liquid is 1:1; then raise the temperature of the reactor to 235 °C, pressurize to 4 MPa, and start stirring for 3.5 h. After the reaction is completed, cool down to 25 °C for cooling to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid matter, combine the collected solid matter and wash it with a washing solution for 2 - 3 times in total. The washing solution is an ethanol solution. After washing, perform drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0050] Activation of S3: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to the activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 330 °C, pressurize to 12 MPa, and then start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0051] Example 8: A method for preparing rosin-based activated carbon, comprising the following steps:

[0052] Purification of S1 raw materials: Add the collected rosin to a melter, add a turpentine sizing solution with an oil content of 25%, and then add washing water. The volume ratio of rosin to washing water is 1:4.5; after stirring and mixing, raise the temperature to 110 °C for melting. After melting for 2 h, cool down to make the reaction liquid clear after melting. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain a pure rosin liquid.

[0053] S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 to a reactor. Introduce nitrogen into the reactor to displace air. Subsequently, add deionized water to the reactor filled with inert gas. Then, raise the temperature of the reactor to 235 °C, pressurize it to 4 MPa, and start stirring for 3.5 h. After the reaction ends, cool it to 25 °C to obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Set the centrifugation rate of the centrifuge to 1500 rpm, place the solid-liquid mixture in the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, collect the solid substances, combine the collected solid substances and wash them with a washing liquid. Wash a total of 2 - 3 times, where the washing liquid is an ethanol solution. After the washing ends, conduct drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 80 °C to obtain rosin carbide.

[0054] S3 Activation: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 to an activation reactor, introduce steam, raise the temperature of the activation reactor to 330 °C, pressurize it to 12 MPa, and start the activation reaction. The reaction time is 3 h. After the reaction ends, take out the reactants in the activation reactor for drying. Set the drying temperature of the dryer to 50 °C to obtain rosin-based activated carbon.

[0055] Perform performance tests on the rosin-based activated carbon prepared in Examples 1 - 8. The test results are shown in the following table:

[0056] Example <![CDATA[Specific surface area (m 2 / g)]]> Pore diameter (nm) <![CDATA[Density (g / cm 3 )]]> Adsorption capacity (mg / g) 1 1800 2 0.3 200 2 1900 1.59 0.2 260 3 1860 1.85 0.23 240 4 1832 1.93 0.28 220 5 1875 1.65 0.26 243 6 1750 2.31 0.35 180 7 1610 2.51 0.46 175 8 1450 5.61 0.53 150

[0057] From the test data in the above table, it can be seen that the specific surface areas of Examples 1 - 5 are not less than 1800 m2 / g, the pore diameters are not greater than 2 nm, the densities are not higher than 0.3 g / cm3, and the adsorption capacities are not less than 200 mg / g. Examples 1 - 5 are the screening of various parameters in the preparation conditions of rosin-based activated carbon, and among them, the rosin-based activated carbon prepared in Example 2 has the best performance. In Example 6, metal oxide activated carbon was not added in the S2 carbonization step. In Example 7, acetic acid solution was not added in the S2 carbonization step. In Example 8, neither metal oxide nor acetic acid solution was added in the S2 carbonization step. The performance of the rosin-based activated carbon prepared in Examples 6 - 8 is much worse than that of Examples 1 - 5. This is because adding acidic solution and metal oxide can reduce the carbonization temperature, enhance the decomposition of rosin, and also effectively promote the formation of high specific surface area functional groups; metal oxide can increase the porosity of rosin-based activated carbon.

[0058] Obviously, the above examples are merely illustrations given clearly and are not limitations on the implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or alterations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation modes here. And the obvious changes or alterations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of rosin-based activated carbon, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1 Raw material purification: Add the collected rosin into a melter, add turpentine sizing solution, and then add washing water. Stir and mix them, then heat up to melt. After the melting is completed, cool down and clarify. After clarification, remove fine impurities and water to obtain pure rosin liquid; S2 Carbonization: Add the purified rosin liquid obtained in step S1 into a reactor. Pass an inert gas into the reactor to displace the air. Then add deionized water, an acidic solution, and a metal oxide into the reactor filled with the inert gas. Then heat up, pressurize, and stir. After the reaction is completed, cool down and obtain a solid-liquid mixture. Centrifuge the solid-liquid mixture to collect the solid matter. Combine the collected solid matter and wash it with a washing solution. After the washing is completed, dry it to obtain rosin carbide; S3 Activation: Add the rosin carbide obtained in step S2 into an activation reactor, pass in steam, heat up and pressurize the activation reactor for reaction for 2 - 4 h. After the reaction is completed, take out the reactants in the activation reactor and dry them to obtain rosin-based activated carbon; The acidic solution is an acetic acid solution with a mass fraction of 30 - 50%; the metal oxide is calcium oxide.

2. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1 raw material purification step, the oil content of the turpentine sizing solution is 20 - 30%.

3. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1 raw material purification step, the volume ratio of the rosin to the washing water is 1:(4 - 5).

4. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S1 raw material purification step, the required temperature during the heating and melting process is 100 - 120 °C.

5. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that In the S2 carbonization step, the inert gas is helium, argon, or nitrogen.

6. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S2 carbonization step, the mass ratio of the acidic solution to the rosin liquid is (0.5 - 1.5):1; the mass ratio of the metal oxide to the rosin liquid is (0.8 - 1.2):

1.

7. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein, In the S2 carbonization step, the reaction temperature of the reactor during the heating, pressurizing, and stirring process is 220 - 250 °C; the pressure of the reactor is 3 - 5 MPa.

8. The preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S3 activation step, the temperature of the activation reactor is 300 - 350 °C; the pressure of the activation reactor is 10 - 14 MPa.

9. Rosin-based activated carbon prepared by the preparation method of a rosin-based activated carbon according to any one of claims 1 - 8.