Stone cracking construction method of thermal expansion stone cracking agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a stone cracking construction method of a thermal expansion stone cracking agent, which comprises the following steps: scanning a rock structure on a construction site by using a scanning device to obtain the external contour and internal information data of the rock structure; according to the obtained external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, a three-dimensional model of the rock structure is constructed, the effects of thermal expansion stone cracking agents with different drilling parameters are simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters are determined through stress-strain distribution; drilling is conducted on site, and a thermal expansion stone cracking agent is filled into a drilled hole; a displacement sensor is arranged on a rock structure construction site and used for monitoring rock surface displacement changes; after the thermal expansion stone cracking agent is subjected to chemical reaction, heat is released to expand the gas, so that the rock structure is cracked. According to the method, accurate drilling parameters can be obtained, so that the effect of the thermal expansion stone cracking agent is fully exerted, the stone cracking efficiency and quality are improved, and time and resource waste caused by blind construction of a traditional stone cracking construction method can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock crushing, and more particularly to a rock cracking construction method using a thermal expansion rock cracking agent. Background Art

[0002] In the past, industrial explosives have long dominated the mining industry. However, industrial explosives have many disadvantages, such as high labor intensity, low work efficiency, serious waste of resources, poor safety, and environmental pollution. Although they are still useful in some projects, overall, industrial explosives are gradually being replaced by rock splitters.

[0003] Stone splitting agents have been widely used in engineering construction due to a series of significant advantages. They have the characteristics of silent operation and little impact on the construction environment; they can achieve controlled fracture with high precision; there is no debris splashing during the crushing process, ensuring construction safety; the economic cost is low and can effectively control engineering expenses; the method of use is simple and reduces the difficulty of construction; the construction and transportation process is safe and reliable, reducing safety hazards; and they can also protect resources and the environment. Stone splitting agents have performed well in various projects such as stone cutting and rock crushing, and are playing an increasingly important role in economic construction.

[0004] Thermal expansion cracking agents release a large amount of heat through chemical reactions. The high temperature generated by this heat can heat and destroy the surrounding medium. At the same time, the small amount of gas generated undergoes thermal expansion at high temperature and does work on the surrounding medium. However, due to the limited amount of gas generated, only very weak expansion pressure can be formed, and the pressure decays rapidly. The effective work range is only within a short distance of a few meters. Although its effect is far less than that of engineering blasting, it is better than ordinary cracking agents, and is especially suitable for fast and safe cracking of rocks, concrete, bridge piers, buildings, etc.

[0005] At present, there is a lack of scientific theoretical standards for determining the amount of cracking agent required for rock splitting. This leads to great blindness in drilling and charging operations during construction, and frequent occurrences of insufficient and excessive amounts of agents. Insufficient amounts of agents will lead to poor rock splitting effects, requiring secondary construction, which increases time and costs; excessive amounts of agents will cause a large amount of waste of cracking agents, which does not meet the requirements of resource conservation. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a stone cracking construction method using a thermal expansion stone cracking agent, which can obtain accurate drilling parameters, so that the effect of the thermal expansion stone cracking agent can be fully exerted, the efficiency and quality of stone cracking are improved, and the waste of time and resources caused by blind construction of traditional stone cracking construction methods can be avoided.

[0007] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages of the present invention, a method for cracking a stone using a thermal expansion cracking agent is provided, comprising: Scanning the rock structure at the construction site using a scanning device to obtain the external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, wherein the internal information data includes: crack distribution, cavity distribution, and stress concentration area; Based on the acquired data of the external contour and internal information of the rock structure, a three-dimensional model of the rock structure is constructed, the effects of the thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters are simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters are determined through the stress-strain distribution, wherein the drilling parameters include: position, radius, depth, angle and spacing; Conduct on-site drilling according to the acquired drilling parameters and fill the borehole with thermal expansion cracking agent; At the rock structure construction site, displacement sensors are arranged to monitor the displacement changes of the rock surface at the construction site; When the thermal expansion cracking agent undergoes a chemical reaction, it releases heat to cause the gas to expand, thereby cracking the rock structure.

[0008] Preferably, the step of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock cracking agent comprises: The heat expansion cracking agent is filled into the borehole in a layered manner, and the height of each layer is h; When each layer of heat-expandable stone cracking agent with a height of h is filled, a vibrating rod is inserted into the heat-expandable stone cracking agent to vibrate to remove air; After the vibration is completed, observe whether there are bubbles on the surface of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the borehole, and whether there are obvious gaps between the thermal expansion cracking agent and the borehole wall; If not, continue filling and vibrating the next layer until the entire borehole is filled; If there are bubbles or obvious gaps, perform secondary vibration.

[0009] Preferably, the step of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock cracking agent further comprises: The volume of the thermal expansion cracking agent to be filled each time is calculated by the radius r of the drill hole and the height h to be filled; According to the calculated volume of the heat-expandable rock-cracking agent, the stirred heat-expandable rock-cracking agent is filled into the borehole by a pump filling machine.

[0010] Preferably, the scanning of the rock structure at the construction site by a scanning device to obtain internal information data of the rock structure includes: Step a, using an ultrasonic scanning device to transmit ultrasonic waves to the rock structure, and obtaining the position, size and shape of cracks and / or cavities inside the rock structure by analyzing the amplitude, phase and propagation time of the received signal; Step b: using the acoustic elastic effect of ultrasound, transmitting and receiving ultrasound at different positions on the surface of the rock structure, comparing the sound velocity changes at each point, calculating the direction and relative size of stress concentration, and obtaining the stress concentration area.

[0011] Preferably, the step a specifically comprises: A relationship model between the amplitude attenuation of ultrasonic receiving signals and the size of the cavity is established, and the size of the cavity is estimated based on the amplitude change. By comparing the phase difference between the ultrasonic transmission signal and the received signal, as well as the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock, the change in the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave signal is calculated, and the location of the crack and / or cavity is deduced; By measuring the change in ultrasonic propagation time and combining it with the measurement point layout, the three-dimensional position of fractures and / or cavities in the rock structure can be determined.

[0012] Preferably, the three-dimensional model of the rock structure is constructed, the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters is simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters are determined through stress-strain distribution, specifically: Use a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the external contour of the rock structure, and then combine it with the internal information data to construct a 3D model of the rock structure; The constructed three-dimensional model is meshed to divide the irregular rock structure into N regular mesh units for numerical simulation; Setting the material properties of the rock structure and the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the three-dimensional model, wherein the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent include thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction heat; defining boundary conditions and loads, including thermal loads and pressure loads; According to different drilling parameter design methods, different drilling parameters are set on the 3D model; Through rock cracking simulation with different drilling parameters, the stress and strain distribution of rock structure under different drilling parameter designs is obtained; Analyze the stress and strain distribution of the simulated rock structure, evaluate the effects of different drilling parameter designs, adjust the drilling parameters, and re-simulate numerically; Until the requirements are met, the optimal drilling parameters are determined.

[0013] Preferably, the displacement sensors are arranged at the rock structure construction site, specifically: If the rock splitting scenario is a single-hole rock splitting, multiple displacement sensors are arranged in a ring around the borehole at a predetermined distance, and the predetermined distance is 3 to 6 times the radius of the borehole; If the rock cracking scene is porous rock cracking, the displacement sensors are arranged between adjacent boreholes, and the displacement sensors are arranged at the boundary positions of the porous rock cracking area; If there is a cracked rock structure, displacement sensors need to be arranged on both sides and ends of the crack.

[0014] Preferably, each of the displacement sensors is fixed on a sensor fixing bracket.

[0015] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention uses a scanning device to obtain the external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, such as crack distribution, cavity distribution and stress concentration area, etc., so that construction personnel can have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the overall condition of the rock structure. Then, a three-dimensional model is constructed according to the data obtained by scanning, and the stone cracking effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent under different drilling parameters is simulated on the three-dimensional model, so as to determine the optimal drilling parameters by stress-strain distribution. The present invention adopts the method of simulation analysis to evaluate and compare various possible schemes before actual construction, so as to select the parameters such as drilling position, radius, depth, angle and spacing that are most suitable for the rock structure. Accurate drilling parameters can give full play to the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent, improve the efficiency and quality of stone cracking, and avoid the waste of time and resources caused by the blind construction of traditional stone cracking construction methods.

[0016] Second, by accurately determining the drilling parameters and the amount of cracking agent, the situation of insufficient or excessive amount of agent is avoided, and the waste of cracking agent is reduced. At the same time, because the construction process is more precise, the scope of rock damage is effectively controlled, reducing unnecessary rock crushing and resource consumption. Thermal expansion cracking agent can release heat through chemical reactions to expand the gas, thereby cracking the rock structure. Due to the analysis and simulation of the rock structure in advance, the optimal drilling parameters are selected, so that the thermal expansion cracking agent can act on the rock more effectively, speed up the cracking speed, and shorten the construction period.

[0017] Third, displacement sensors are arranged at the rock structure construction site to monitor the displacement changes of the rock surface in real time. By analyzing the displacement data, abnormal deformation of the rock structure during the rock splitting process can be discovered in time, and potential safety hazards can be warned in advance.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the process of the thermal expansion stone cracking agent for the stone cracking construction method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0021] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent, comprising the following steps: S100, scanning the rock structure at the construction site using a scanning device to obtain the external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, wherein the internal information data includes: crack distribution, cavity distribution, and stress concentration area.

[0023] The scanning device is used to scan the rock structure at the construction site to obtain internal information data of the rock structure, including: Step S110: Use an ultrasonic scanning device to transmit ultrasonic waves to the rock structure, and obtain the position, size and shape of cracks and / or cavities inside the rock structure by analyzing the amplitude, phase and propagation time of the received signal.

[0024] Specifically, step S110 includes: S111, establishing a relationship model between the amplitude attenuation of the ultrasonic receiving signal and the size of the cavity, and estimating the size of the cavity according to the amplitude change; S112, by comparing the phase difference between the ultrasonic transmission signal and the received signal, as well as the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock, calculating the change in the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave signal, and inferring the position of the crack and / or cavity; S113. Determine the three-dimensional position of the cracks and / or cavities in the rock structure by measuring the change of ultrasonic wave propagation time and combining the measurement point layout.

[0025] Step S120: utilizing the acoustic elastic effect of ultrasound to transmit and receive ultrasound at different positions on the surface of the rock structure, comparing the sound velocity changes at each point, calculating the direction and relative size of stress concentration, and obtaining the stress concentration area.

[0026] In the above steps, a 3D laser scanner is used to obtain the point cloud data of the external contour of the rock structure, and then the point cloud data is imported into a 3D modeling software, such as 3DMAX, Geomagic, etc., and a 3D model of the rock structure is constructed through operations such as point cloud processing and surface fitting. An ultrasonic scanning device is used to transmit ultrasonic waves to the rock structure, and the position, size and shape of the cracks and / or cavities inside the rock structure can be obtained by analyzing the amplitude, phase and propagation time of the received signal. Therefore, after processing the data obtained by the ultrasonic scanning device to obtain the internal information data of the rock structure, the internal information data is then converted into geometric shape data in three-dimensional space, such as using line segments to represent cracks, using spheres or polyhedrons to represent cavities, and for stress concentration area data, it can be converted into corresponding three-dimensional area data according to the position and range inside the rock. After processing, ensure that the coordinate system of the internal information data is consistent with the external contour point cloud data. In the 3D modeling software, according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the internal information data, the geometric shape data of the cracks, cavities and stress concentration areas are mapped to the inside of the constructed external contour three-dimensional model. For example, for crack data, line segments are drawn at corresponding positions inside the 3D model, and the cracks are highlighted by setting the color, width and other attributes of the line segments; for cavities, spheres or polyhedrons are created at corresponding positions inside the 3D model, and are set to be transparent or semi-transparent, so that both the location of the cavity and the overall structure of the 3D model can be seen in the model; for stress concentration areas, volume areas of different colors are used to represent them, and the depth of the color can represent the degree of stress concentration, etc. The internal information data is merged with the external contour 3D model to achieve the fusion of the two. The fused 3D model can reflect the real structure of the rock structure.

[0027] In the above steps, a relationship model between the amplitude attenuation of the ultrasonic receiving signal and the size of the cavity is established, and the size of the cavity is estimated based on the amplitude change. In specific implementation, A. Multiple measuring points are evenly arranged on the surface of each rock sample. 20-30 measuring points can be arranged. If the sample is large, the number of measuring points can be increased accordingly to ensure that there are enough measuring points around each cavity to fully obtain the signal changes when the ultrasonic wave encounters the cavity. B. At each measuring point, an ultrasonic scanning device is used to transmit ultrasonic waves and record the amplitude of the received signal. Each measuring point can be measured repeatedly 5-10 times, and the average value is taken as the amplitude of the received signal at the measuring point to improve the accuracy and reliability of the data. The collected amplitude data is analyzed to eliminate data that obviously deviates from the normal range. The amplitude data of different samples and different measuring points are normalized to eliminate the influence of factors such as individual differences in samples, so that the data are comparable. C. Model construction: For example, if it is found that the amplitude attenuation and the cavity size show a power function relationship, the relationship between the amplitude attenuation value A and the cavity radius r can be set as: , where a and b are parameters to be determined. The least squares method can be used to estimate the parameters of the power function model, thereby determining the values ​​of the parameters a and b. According to the calculation results of the power function model, the estimated value of the size of the void is obtained. For example, the relationship between the amplitude attenuation value A and the void radius r is: , if the actual detected amplitude attenuation value A is 0.8, the radius of the cavity can be calculated.

[0028] The realization process of stress concentration area is as follows: A. According to the shape and size of the rock structure, multiple measuring points are reasonably arranged on the rock surface. The measuring points cover the stress concentration area as much as possible, and an appropriate distance is maintained between adjacent measuring points. B. The ultrasonic scanning device is tightly fitted to the rock surface. The ultrasonic scanning device can be an ultrasonic transducer. The ultrasonic pulse is transmitted into the rock through the transmitting circuit. The transmission is carried out in sequence at different positions. At the same time, the ultrasonic signal transmitted back from the rock is received by the receiving circuit, and the characteristic parameters of the signal, such as amplitude, frequency, propagation time, etc., are recorded. C. Multiple measurements are performed at each measuring point, and the average value is taken to eliminate outliers. Ultrasonic waves can also be transmitted and received in different directions to obtain more comprehensive information. D. The ultrasonic propagation speed between each measuring point is calculated based on the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the rock and the distance between the measuring points. The calculation formula is: , v is the speed of sound, L is the propagation distance, and t is the propagation time; compare the speed of sound data at different measuring points to find out the area where the speed of sound changes greatly. Since stress concentration will cause changes in the internal structure of the rock, thus affecting the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave, the area where the speed of sound changes significantly may correspond to the stress concentration area. E. Use the acoustic elasticity theory and related formulas to deduce the direction and relative size of stress concentration according to the change of the speed of sound in different directions. Since the acoustic elasticity theory is an existing technology, it will not be described in detail here.

[0029] S200. Construct a three-dimensional model of the rock structure based on the acquired external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, simulate the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters on the three-dimensional model, and determine the optimal drilling parameters through stress-strain distribution, wherein the drilling parameters include: position, radius, depth, angle and spacing.

[0030] Among them, the effect of thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters was simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters were determined through stress-strain distribution, specifically: S210, using a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the external contour of the rock structure, and then combining it with the internal information data to construct a 3D model of the rock structure; S220, meshing the constructed three-dimensional model, and dividing the irregular rock structure into N regular mesh units to facilitate numerical simulation; S230, setting the material properties of the rock structure and the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the three-dimensional model, wherein the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent include thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction heat; S240, defining boundary conditions and loads, wherein the loads include thermal loads and pressure loads; S250, setting different drilling parameters on the three-dimensional model according to different drilling parameter design methods; S260, through rock cracking simulation with different drilling parameters, obtain the stress and strain distribution of rock structure under different drilling parameter designs; S270. Analyze the stress-strain distribution of the rock structure obtained by simulation, evaluate the effects of different drilling parameter designs, adjust the drilling parameters, and re-simulate numerically until the requirements are met and the optimal drilling parameters are determined.

[0031] In the above steps, after the external contour three-dimensional model of the rock structure and the internal information data are merged to form a three-dimensional model of the rock structure, the constructed three-dimensional model needs to be meshed. For example, for layered rock structures, meshing can be performed at different rock layer interfaces to ensure that the material properties in each mesh unit are relatively uniform, and the internal structure of the rock can be described more finely, thereby improving the accuracy of numerical simulation. If there may be various local features in the rock structure, such as cracks, cavities, etc., these local features have a very important influence on the mechanical properties and stress-strain distribution of the rock. When dividing the mesh units, these local features can be included in specific units to more accurately simulate their influence on the overall structure. Exemplarily, for cracks in rocks, special unit types (such as crack units) can be used to simulate their opening and expansion processes. Fine meshing can capture the stress concentration and deformation around the cracks, and improve the simulation accuracy of the rock fracture process.

[0032] When performing the rock cracking simulation of the thermal expansion cracking agent, it is necessary to set the material properties of the rock structure, such as elastic property settings, including elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio; density property settings, including rock density; thermal property settings, including thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity. It is also necessary to set the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent, and the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent include thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction heat. In the three-dimensional model, it is also necessary to define boundary conditions and loads, and the boundary conditions are, for example, fixed boundaries. At the same time, considering the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent, the corresponding thermal load and pressure load are applied. The thermal load can be calculated according to the chemical reaction heat and heat transfer law of the thermal expansion cracking agent, and the pressure load is related to the expansion force of the thermal expansion cracking agent. Then on the three-dimensional model, different drilling design schemes are set, that is, different drilling parameters are set, and then numerical simulation is performed to obtain the stress and strain distribution of the rock under different drilling design schemes. In the simulation process, it is necessary to consider that the thermal effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent will cause thermal expansion of the rock structure, thereby generating stress and strain. The stress-strain distribution results obtained by simulation are analyzed to evaluate the effects of different drilling design schemes. According to the stress-strain analysis results, the drilling parameters are adjusted, such as changing the position, radius, depth, angle and spacing of the drilling holes, and the numerical simulation is repeated until a drilling design scheme that meets the requirements is obtained, thereby determining the optimal drilling parameters.

[0033] S300, performing on-site construction drilling according to the acquired drilling parameters, and filling the borehole with a thermal expansion rock cracking agent; S400, arranging displacement sensors at the rock structure construction site to monitor the displacement changes of the rock surface at the construction site; S500, wait for the heat-expanding rock cracking agent to undergo a chemical reaction, release heat to cause the gas to expand, and thus crack the rock structure.

[0034] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the outer contour and internal information data of the rock structure are obtained by a scanning device, such as crack distribution, cavity distribution and stress concentration area, etc., so that the construction personnel can have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the overall condition of the rock structure. Then a three-dimensional model is constructed according to the data obtained by scanning, and the stone cracking effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent under different drilling parameters is simulated on the three-dimensional model, so as to determine the optimal drilling parameters by stress-strain distribution. The present invention adopts the method of simulation analysis to evaluate and compare various possible schemes before actual construction, so as to select the parameters such as drilling position, radius, depth, angle and spacing that are most suitable for the rock structure. Accurate drilling parameters can give full play to the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent, improve the efficiency and quality of stone cracking, and avoid the waste of time and resources caused by the blind construction of traditional stone cracking construction methods.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the step of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock cracking agent comprises: The heat expansion cracking agent is filled into the borehole in a layered manner, and the height of each layer is h; When each layer of heat-expandable stone cracking agent with a height of h is filled, a vibrating rod is inserted into the heat-expandable stone cracking agent to vibrate to remove air; After the vibration is completed, observe whether there are bubbles on the surface of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the borehole, and whether there are obvious gaps between the thermal expansion cracking agent and the borehole wall; If not, continue filling and vibrating the next layer until the entire borehole is filled; If there are bubbles or obvious gaps, perform secondary vibration.

[0036] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the layered filling and vibration can effectively remove the air in the thermal expansion cracking agent, so that the cracking agent can tightly fill the borehole. In this way, during the reaction, the cracking agent can more fully contact the rock, evenly release the expansion force, avoid the lack of local expansion force due to air barrier, thereby improving the efficiency of cracking the rock and crushing the rock more efficiently. By observing whether there are bubbles on the surface of the thermal expansion cracking agent and whether there is an obvious gap between the surface and the borehole wall, the secondary vibration is carried out in time to ensure that the cracking agent fits tightly with the borehole wall, prevent the occurrence of uneven stress concentration during the expansion process due to the presence of gaps, ensure the stability of the expansion process of the cracking agent in the borehole, and reduce the risk of accidents during the rock crushing process.

[0037] It should be noted that, in the specific implementation, the heat-expandable rock cracking agent should be stirred with water before filling. For example, the operation process is as follows: after the drilling is completed, a measured amount of water is poured into a clean container, and then the heat-expandable rock cracking agent is poured in. Usually, the amount of water added is 30%-35% of the weight of the heat-expandable rock cracking agent. After adding water, stir it immediately until it is uniform, and the stirring time is generally 40-60 seconds. Then, the stirred heat-expandable rock cracking agent slurry is filled into the borehole by a pumping filler, and it should be started to be filled into the borehole within 10 minutes. After filling into the borehole, vibrate it with a vibrating rod.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the step of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock cracking agent further comprises: The volume of the thermal expansion cracking agent to be filled each time is calculated by the radius r of the drill hole and the height h to be filled; According to the calculated volume of the heat-expandable rock-cracking agent, the stirred heat-expandable rock-cracking agent is filled into the borehole by a pump filling machine.

[0039] In the above-mentioned embodiment, the volume of the thermal expansion cracking agent is calculated by the borehole radius and the height to be filled, and the amount required for each filling can be accurately determined. Compared with relying on experience or filling at random, this method can avoid the waste of thermal expansion cracking agent due to excessive filling, and effectively reduce the material cost. Accurately calculating the volume can also ensure that the amount of thermal expansion cracking agent in each borehole is just right, so that the expansion force is evenly distributed in the rock, achieving the expected expansion effect, and improving the efficiency and quality of rock crushing.

[0040] In one specific implementation, the displacement sensor is arranged at the rock structure construction site, specifically: If the rock splitting scenario is a single-hole rock splitting, multiple displacement sensors are arranged in a ring around the borehole at a predetermined distance, and the predetermined distance is 3 to 6 times the radius of the borehole; If the rock cracking scene is porous rock cracking, the displacement sensors are arranged between adjacent boreholes, and the displacement sensors are arranged at the boundary positions of the porous rock cracking area; If there is a cracked rock structure, displacement sensors need to be arranged on both sides and ends of the crack.

[0041] Wherein, each of the displacement sensors is fixed on a sensor fixing bracket.

[0042] In the above implementation, each displacement sensor is fixed on a sensor fixing bracket, which can ensure that the displacement sensor maintains a stable position and posture during the entire rock splitting process, avoiding the displacement or shaking of the sensor position due to external factors such as vibration and collision, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data and improving the monitoring accuracy. Displacement sensors are set up at the construction site to obtain the displacement data of the rock structure in real time. Once the displacement changes abnormally, an early warning signal can be issued in time, allowing the on-site construction personnel to take measures in advance, such as suspending construction, evacuating dangerous areas, etc., effectively avoiding casualties and property losses caused by accidents such as rock collapse and landslides.

[0043] In summary, the method of this embodiment can obtain accurate drilling parameters, so that the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent can be fully exerted, the efficiency and quality of rock cracking can be improved, and the waste of time and resources caused by blind construction of traditional rock cracking construction methods can be avoided.

[0044] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent, characterized in that: include: Scanning the rock structure at the construction site using a scanning device to obtain the external contour and internal information data of the rock structure, wherein the internal information data includes: crack distribution, cavity distribution, and stress concentration area; Based on the acquired data of the external contour and internal information of the rock structure, a three-dimensional model of the rock structure is constructed, the effects of the thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters are simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters are determined through the stress-strain distribution, wherein the drilling parameters include: position, radius, depth, angle and spacing; Conduct on-site drilling according to the acquired drilling parameters and fill the borehole with thermal expansion cracking agent; At the rock structure construction site, displacement sensors are arranged to monitor the displacement changes of the rock surface at the construction site; When the thermal expansion cracking agent undergoes a chemical reaction, it releases heat to cause the gas to expand, thereby cracking the rock structure.

2. The method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 1, wherein: The method of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock-cracking agent comprises: The heat expansion cracking agent is filled into the borehole in a layered manner, and the height of each layer is h; When each layer of heat-expandable stone cracking agent with a height of h is filled, a vibrating rod is inserted into the heat-expandable stone cracking agent to vibrate to remove air; After the vibration is completed, observe whether there are bubbles on the surface of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the borehole, and whether there are obvious gaps between the thermal expansion cracking agent and the borehole wall; If not, continue filling and vibrating the next layer until the entire borehole is filled; If there are bubbles or obvious gaps, perform secondary vibration.

3. The method for cracking rocks using the thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of filling the borehole with a heat-expandable rock cracking agent also includes: The volume of the thermal expansion cracking agent to be filled each time is calculated by the radius r of the drill hole and the height h to be filled; According to the calculated volume of the heat-expandable rock-cracking agent, the stirred heat-expandable rock-cracking agent is filled into the borehole by a pump filling machine.

4. The method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 1, wherein: The method of scanning the rock structure at the construction site using a scanning device to obtain internal information data of the rock structure includes: Step a, using an ultrasonic scanning device to transmit ultrasonic waves to the rock structure, and obtaining the position, size and shape of cracks and / or cavities inside the rock structure by analyzing the amplitude, phase and propagation time of the received signal; Step b: using the acoustic elastic effect of ultrasound, transmitting and receiving ultrasound at different positions on the surface of the rock structure, comparing the sound velocity changes at each point, calculating the direction and relative size of stress concentration, and obtaining the stress concentration area.

5. The method for cracking rocks using the thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step a specifically comprises: A relationship model between the amplitude attenuation of ultrasonic receiving signals and the size of the cavity is established, and the size of the cavity is estimated based on the amplitude change. By comparing the phase difference between the ultrasonic transmission signal and the received signal, as well as the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the rock, the change in the propagation path of the ultrasonic wave signal is calculated, and the location of the crack and / or cavity is deduced; By measuring the change in ultrasonic propagation time and combining it with the measurement point layout, the three-dimensional position of fractures and / or cavities in the rock structure can be determined.

6. The method for cracking rocks using the thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-dimensional model of the rock structure is constructed, the effect of the thermal expansion cracking agent with different drilling parameters is simulated on the three-dimensional model, and the optimal drilling parameters are determined through stress-strain distribution, specifically: Use a 3D laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of the external contour of the rock structure, and then combine it with the internal information data to construct a 3D model of the rock structure; The constructed three-dimensional model is meshed to divide the irregular rock structure into N regular mesh units for numerical simulation; Setting the material properties of the rock structure and the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent in the three-dimensional model, wherein the material properties of the thermal expansion cracking agent include thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and chemical reaction heat; defining boundary conditions and loads, including thermal loads and pressure loads; According to different drilling parameter design methods, different drilling parameters are set on the 3D model; Through rock cracking simulation with different drilling parameters, the stress and strain distribution of rock structure under different drilling parameter designs is obtained; Analyze the stress and strain distribution of the simulated rock structure, evaluate the effects of different drilling parameter designs, adjust the drilling parameters, and re-simulate numerically; Until the requirements are met, the optimal drilling parameters are determined.

7. The method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 1, wherein: The displacement sensors are arranged at the rock structure construction site, specifically: If the rock splitting scenario is a single-hole rock splitting, multiple displacement sensors are arranged in a ring around the borehole at a predetermined distance, and the predetermined distance is 3 to 6 times the radius of the borehole; If the rock cracking scene is porous rock cracking, the displacement sensors are arranged between adjacent boreholes, and the displacement sensors are arranged at the boundary positions of the porous rock cracking area; If there is a cracked rock structure, displacement sensors need to be arranged on both sides and ends of the crack.

8. The method for cracking rocks using a thermal expansion cracking agent according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the displacement sensors is fixed on a sensor fixing bracket.

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