Three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation research devices, and relates to a three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization, which comprises a landform instrument host and an image acquisition device. The landform instrument host is convenient to carry and can project parallel laser planes at any height and equal intervals to the observed landform after being quickly adjusted. The image acquisition device can record the dynamic change process of the parallel laser projected on the landform surface from any angle. Through cooperation of the two, a three-dimensional terrain model can be constructed, gravitational erosion quantitative observation is realized, and water and soil loss dynamic monitoring data in a mining area ecological visualization system is supplemented. According to the device, the emission angle and the adjacent distance of the laser straight line instrument are accurately adjusted by utilizing the combination of the scale optical axis and the fixed rotating shaft. And the shooting angle of the camera for image acquisition is randomly adjusted through the U-shaped rod and the bracket adjusting seat. According to the invention, the emission angle and spacing of the laser module can be easily and accurately adjusted, and the shooting angle of the video equipment can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water conservation research devices and relates to a three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization. Background Art

[0002] The comprehensive management of soil and water loss in mining areas is one of the key and difficult issues that need to be studied and solved urgently for the high-quality development of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. In the Loess Plateau, mining development is very likely to cause collapse of goaf areas, exacerbating a series of gravity erosion events such as collapse, landslides, and mudslides. With the rise of the Internet of Things, drones, and remote sensing technologies in recent years, the integration and linkage of the integrated management of above-ground and underground ecological data in mining areas and three-dimensional visualization of real scenes can effectively improve the efficiency of soil and water conservation monitoring and soil remediation in mining areas. However, the randomness, suddenness, and mass occurrence of gravity erosion have caused great difficulties for long-term, systematic, and effective observation and identification, resulting in few real-time observation data on gravity erosion in the content of soil and water conservation monitoring in mining areas. At present, conventional non-contact 3D visualization modeling methods include 3D laser scanning and drone monitoring. The advantage of drones is that they can analyze the approximate distribution of gravity erosion in large-scale watersheds. For example, Yan et al. used drones to investigate 157 gravity erosion events in the Qiaogou small watershed on the Loess Plateau (Yan L, Xiao B. et al. A multifactorial study of mass movement in the hilly and gully Loess Plateau based on intensive fieldsurveys and remote sensing techniques [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 924 (1), 171628). The advantage of laser scanners is that they can quickly and accurately obtain the elevation model of the studied terrain. For example, Tang Hui, Qin Chao and others used a three-dimensional laser scanner to observe the changing characteristics of slope terrain under continuous rainfall conditions (Tang Hui, Li Zhanbin, Li Peng, et al. Quantification of slope microtopography under simulated rainfall and its relationship with runoff and sediment production [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(24): 127-133; Qin Chao, He Chao, Zheng Fenli, Han Linfeng, Zeng Chuangshuo. 2018. Quantitative study on the headward erosion of gullies on loess slopes [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 34(6): 160-167). However, the above methods have the problem that the local deep gullies on the eroded slope cannot be completely scanned, and it is difficult to obtain detailed observation data such as the amount of gravity erosion during the rainfall process of small-scale gullies and slopes and the total amount of gravity erosion per rainfall.

[0003] In order to solve the technical problem of real-time observation of gravity erosion at the scale of gully slope, patent CN109458993A (geomorphometer host based on integrated motherboard) and patent CN108534758A (geomorphology observation device based on mechanical fine-tuning dual host) are used to construct three-dimensional terrain models and quantitatively observe gravity erosion data. However, the geomorphology observation devices developed above still have the following shortcomings: (1) The geomorphometer host is large in size and weight, and the disassembly process is cumbersome. It is not easy to carry and assemble when conducting field observation in mining areas with inconvenient transportation; (2) The position and angle of the laser module of the geomorphometer host are prone to change after transportation. Correcting the laser module emission angle is complicated and time-consuming, and the host may even need to be repositioned and calibrated before it can be put into use again; (3) The shooting angle and installation position of the video recording device used to record the real-time changes of the landform during the erosion process are difficult to adjust, which has a great impact on the accuracy of the later three-dimensional terrain modeling. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization, which includes a simple new type of landform instrument host that is suitable for field observation and can easily and accurately adjust the emission angle, spacing and observation height of the laser module, and an image collection system observation bracket that is adjustable in angle and easy to install. The present invention upgrades and improves the original landform instrument host, and proposes to use a scale optical axis and a fixed rotating shaft to achieve precise adjustment of the emission angle and adjacent spacing of the laser line meter. In addition, a U-shaped adjustable bracket is designed for installing the image collection equipment, which realizes real-time recording of any angle of the slope laser line change during the test. Each component in the landform instrument host and the image collection device is detachable and the installation process is simple, which makes the landform observation device easy to carry and suitable for any field scene observation.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0006] A three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization, comprising a landform instrument host 1 and an image acquisition device 2;

[0007] The geomorphometer host 1 can project parallel laser contours of arbitrary height and spacing to the observed terrain, and the image acquisition device 2 is used to record the dynamic change process of the parallel laser projected on the terrain surface at any angle. The terrain data obtained by the two are used to construct a three-dimensional terrain model in real time, realize quantitative observation of gravity erosion, and enrich the gravity erosion monitoring data in the mining area ecological visualization system.

[0008] The geomorphometer host 1 is mainly composed of an adjustable mainboard 3 and a segmented chassis 4;

[0009] The adjustable main board 3 is composed of a scale optical axis 5, a fixed rotating shaft 6, a laser calibrator 7 and a base 8; the scale optical axis 5 is arranged vertically, and its bottom is fixed on the base 8; the fixed rotating shaft 6 includes two sections, the two sections are connected by threads, and an adjusting knob 13 is provided, and the rotation angle between the two sections is adjusted by the adjusting knob 13; a vertical scale optical axis fixing hole 9 is provided on one end of the fixed rotating shaft 6, and a horizontal laser calibrator fixing hole 10 is provided on the other end, the section provided with the scale optical axis fixing hole 9 is fixed, and the section provided with the laser calibrator fixing hole 10 is adjusted to a rotation angle by adjusting the knob 13; The fixed rotating shaft 6 is installed on the scale optical axis 5 through the scale optical axis fixing hole 9, and multiple fixed rotating shafts 6 are equidistantly installed on the scale optical axis 5 through the scale optical axis fixing holes 9; the laser one-character meter 7 is installed on the fixed rotating shaft 6 through the laser one-character meter fixing hole 10, and the laser one-character meter 7 can rotate at any angle in the laser one-character meter fixing hole 10; the outer sides of the scale optical axis fixing hole 9 and the laser one-character meter fixing hole 10 on the fixed rotating shaft 6 are provided with scale optical axis fixing hole bolts 11 and laser one-character meter fixing holes 12 for reinforcing the fixed rotating shaft 6 and the laser one-character meter 7; the angle of the laser one-character meter 7 is adjusted by adjusting the adjusting knob 13;

[0010] The segmented chassis 4 is located outside the adjustable mainboard 3; the segmented chassis 4 is composed of a top chassis 17, a connecting chassis 18 and a bottom chassis 19, and the bottom of the bottom chassis 19 is fixed to the base 8; the top chassis 17 is a box structure with a bottom opening, and the connecting chassis 18 and the bottom chassis 19 are box structures with top and bottom openings; horizontal wing plates 20 are provided on both sides of the chassis opening, and the horizontal wing plates 20 of adjacent chassis are connected into one by bolts; a fixing bolt 21 is provided on the upper part of the top chassis 17, which is used to connect the scale optical axis 5 to realize the integration of the adjustable mainboard 3 and the segmented chassis 4 Connection; Horizontal wing plates 20 are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the connecting chassis 18, which are used to connect the top chassis 17 and the bottom chassis 19; a laser emission hole 22 is provided on the front of the chassis, which is used for the laser character meter 7 to project parallel and equidistant laser lines; in order to prevent the temperature in the chassis from being too high, a fan 23 is installed on the front of the chassis, and a side panel of one side of the chassis is provided with equidistant heat dissipation holes 24; the other side panel of the chassis is an open structure, and the fixed shaft 6 and the laser character meter 7 can be adjusted by opening the side panel door 25 of the chassis before or during the test; a wire outlet hole 26 is provided on the back of the chassis, and the power cord of the laser character meter 7 passes through the wire outlet hole 26 to connect to the power supply;

[0011] The image acquisition device 2 is composed of an image acquisition device bracket and a video recording device. The image acquisition device bracket includes a U-shaped rod 27, a bracket extension rod 28 and a bracket adjustment seat 29. The bracket extension rod 28 and the bracket adjustment seat 29 are respectively installed at both ends of the U-shaped rod 27; the bracket extension rod 28 is arranged horizontally and is installed on the rain generator bracket 30 through a metal buckle 31; the video recording device is installed through the bracket adjustment seat 29, and the bracket adjustment seat 29 can adjust the shooting angle of the video recording device to meet the actual needs of the field test; multiple extension rods 28 are connected by bolts to increase the length of the bracket.

[0012] Both ends of the scale optical axis 5 are provided with screw holes, and multiple scale optical axes 5 can be connected to each other by screws 14 to meet the observation needs of terrains of different heights in the field.

[0013] The base 8 is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the scale optical axis 5 and the segmented chassis 4 are fixed to the base 8 by bolts.

[0014] The base 8 is provided with a fixing seat 15, and the scale optical axis 5 is installed on the base 8 through the fixing seat 15, which is used for secondary fixation of the scale optical axis 5 and the base 8, so that the topographic instrument host 1 will not be deformed after being placed vertically.

[0015] The bottom of the base 8 is provided with an adjustable support foot 16, which ensures that the adjustable mainboard remains horizontal in any terrain in the field, which is beneficial to the subsequent calibration and observation of the topographic instrument.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] 1. The emission angle of the laser pointer and the distance between adjacent ones can be accurately and quickly adjusted through the combination of the fixed shaft and the scale optical axis, which can realize the laser module emitting parallel and arbitrarily equidistant laser planes in a short time. In addition, the laser pointer in any fixed shaft in the host can be adjusted independently without interfering with other laser pointers that have been debugged.

[0018] 2. Each component of the adjustable motherboard can be disassembled and assembled simply and conveniently, which makes up for the disadvantage that the adjustable motherboard is large in size and weight and difficult to carry, resulting in the inability to conduct on-site tests and observations in the mining area. During the on-site test, if the laser line emitted by the laser digitizer is abnormal, the fixed shaft and the laser digitizer can be quickly adjusted at any time by opening the side panel door of the chassis without affecting the normal progress of the test.

[0019] 3. The image acquisition device bracket can quickly adjust the shooting angle of the camera and video equipment. Determining the appropriate shooting angle is conducive to improving the accuracy of three-dimensional modeling of mining area landforms and enriching the monitoring data of gravity erosion in the mining area ecological visualization system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is the on-site layout diagram of the geomorphometer host and image acquisition device;

[0021] Figure 2 It is the overall schematic diagram of the geomorphometer host;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a partial view of the adjustable mainboard;

[0023] FIG4( a ) is a front view of the structure of the fixed shaft in the adjustable mainboard;

[0024] FIG4( b ) is a top view of the structure of the fixed shaft in the adjustable mainboard;

[0025] FIG5( a ) is a front view of a segmented chassis;

[0026] FIG5( b ) is a schematic diagram of the reverse side of the segmented chassis;

[0027] FIG6( a ) is a schematic diagram of an image acquisition device bracket;

[0028] FIG. 6( b ) is a schematic structural diagram of the bracket adjustment seat.

[0029] In the figure: 1 a geomorphometer host; 2 an image acquisition device; 3 an adjustable mainboard; 4 a segmented chassis; 5 a scale optical axis; 6 a fixed shaft; 7 a laser straight line instrument; 8 a base; 9 a scale optical axis fixing hole; 10 a laser straight line instrument fixing hole; 11 a scale optical axis fixing hole bolt; 12 a laser straight line instrument fixing hole bolt; 13 a fixed shaft adjustment knob; 14 a connecting screw; 15 a fixing seat; 16 an adjustment support foot; 17 a top chassis; 18 a connecting chassis; 19 a bottom chassis; 20 a side wing plate; 21 a fixing bolt; 22 a laser emission hole; 23 a fan; 24 a heat dissipation hole; 25 a chassis side panel door; 26 a wire outlet hole; 27 a U-shaped rod; 28 a bracket extension rod; 29 a bracket adjustment seat; 30 a rain generator bracket; 31 a metal buckle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0031] like Figure 1 -As shown in Figure 6, a new type of landform observation device for three-dimensional visualization real-time modeling includes a landform instrument host 1 and an image acquisition device 2. The specific installation and debugging steps are as follows:

[0032] Step 1: Adjustable Motherboard Installation

[0033] The length of a single scale optical axis 5 is 50cm, and the minimum scale unit is 1mm. The actual observed terrain height is 1.5m, and the height of the geomorphometer host 1 is set to about 1.5m. The three scale optical axes 5 are connected to each other through connecting screws 14. The connected scale optical axes 5 are fixed to the base 8 through the fixing seat 15. According to the scale, multiple fixed shafts 6 are inserted into the scale optical axis 5 in sequence through the scale optical axis fixing holes 9 at equal intervals. The distance between the fixed shafts 6 is usually set to 30mm. Then, the fixed shaft 6 is tightened by turning the fixed shaft bolt 11. The fixed shaft bolt 11 has a rubber pad, which can enhance the firmness of the fixed shaft 6 to the scale optical axis 5, and prevent the fixed shaft 6 from sliding during the movement of the adjustable mainboard 3, resulting in changes in the position and emission angle of the laser diagonal instrument 7. Adjust the support feet 16 so that the adjustable mainboard 3 is in the same horizontal plane as the bottom of the observed terrain.

[0034] Step 2: Installation of Segmented Chassis 4

[0035] The length of a single chassis is consistent with the scale optical axis 5. First, the horizontal wing plates 20 on both sides of the bottom chassis 19 are connected and fixed to the mounting holes of the base 8 by bolts. If the observed terrain is higher, multiple connection chassis 18 can be connected to each other through the horizontal wing plates 20 on both sides of the upper and lower openings and bolts to match the height of the topographic instrument host 1. After the connection chassis 18 is connected and fixed to the bottom chassis 19 and the top chassis 17 by bolts, the entire segmented chassis 4 is connected to the scale optical axis 5 by the fixing bolts 21 of the top chassis 17, so as to realize the integration of the segmented chassis 4 and the adjustable mainboard 3, and prevent the internal scale optical axis 5 and the fixed shaft 6 from shaking and deforming significantly during the movement of the adjustable mainboard 3.

[0036] Step 3: Laser Marker Installation and Adjustment

[0037] After the adjustable motherboard 3 and the segmented chassis 4 are assembled, multiple laser markers 7 are inserted from the outlet hole 26 in sequence, and then enter the laser marker fixing hole 10. After the laser marker 7 is inserted into the laser marker fixing hole 10, it can be rotated up and down 180°, and the rotation adjustment accuracy is 1°. Open the side panel door 25 of the chassis, adjust the laser marker 7 to emit horizontal, parallel and equidistant laser lines, and then turn the fixing hole bolts 12 and the adjustment knob 13 to strengthen the angle of the laser marker fixing hole 10 and the position of the laser marker 7. By fixing the rotating shaft 6 to achieve the adjustment of the laser lines to be parallel and equidistant, it can ensure that adjacent laser markers 7 do not interfere with each other during the adjustment process. After the laser marker 7 is adjusted, the latch bolt of the side panel door 25 of the chassis is locked. The laser landform analyzer 7 configured on the landform analyzer host has a diameter of only 12mm. It is compact in size and has an output power of up to 80mW. It can be used indoors within a range of 4 to 6 meters. It has high reliability and stability, and an expected service life of up to 8,000 hours. The light clarity can also be adjusted through the focusing function of the laser landform analyzer 7.

[0038] Step 4: Installation of image acquisition device

[0039] The length of a single extension rod 28 is 2m, the length of the U-shaped rod 27 is 60cm, the actual length of the observed terrain is 3m, and the length of the image acquisition device bracket is 4.6m. The two extension rods 28 and the U-shaped rod 27 are connected to each other by bolts. The bracket adjustment seat 29 is installed on one end of the U-shaped rod 27 by bolts, and then the video equipment such as the camera and the camera are installed on the bracket adjustment seat 29, and fixed after adjusting to the ideal shooting angle. After the image acquisition device 2 is installed, the image acquisition device 2 is installed and fixed on the 2.7m high rainmaker bracket 30 by the metal buckle 31. After debugging, the test can be started.

[0040] Step 5: Real-time modeling of terrain 3D visualization

[0041] During the field test, the geomorphometer host 1 projects equally spaced laser rays onto the observed ditch slope. During the whole process, the real-time changes of the laser rays on the ditch surface are recorded by the image acquisition device 2. Each laser line on the ditch slope surface is a terrain contour line. The real-time contour line changes of the observed terrain recorded by the image acquisition device 2 are processed by screenshots. The contour lines in the screenshots are vectorized and assigned actual elevations using the R2V software, and then imported into the ArcGIS software, thereby performing three-dimensional visualization and real-time modeling of the ditch slope terrain.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization, characterized in that: It comprises a geomorphometer host (1) and an image acquisition device (2); The geomorphometer host (1) is mainly composed of an adjustable mainboard (3) and a segmented chassis (4); The adjustable main board (3) is composed of a scale optical axis (5), a fixed rotating shaft (6), a laser calibrator (7) and a base (8); the scale optical axis (5) is arranged vertically, and its bottom is fixed on the base (8); the fixed rotating shaft (6) includes two sections, the two sections are connected by threads, and an adjusting knob (13) is provided, and the rotation angle between the two sections is adjusted by the adjusting knob (13); a vertical scale optical axis fixing hole (9) is provided on one end of the fixed rotating shaft (6), and a horizontal laser calibrator fixing hole (10) is provided on the other end, the section provided with the scale optical axis fixing hole (9) is fixed, and the section provided with the laser calibrator fixing hole (10) is adjusted in rotation angle by the adjusting knob (13); the fixed rotating shaft (6) is installed on the scale optical axis (5) through the scale optical axis fixing hole (9), and multiple fixed rotating shafts (6) are equidistantly installed on the scale optical axis (5) through the scale optical axis fixing hole (9); the laser word meter (7) is installed on the fixed rotating shaft (6) through the laser word meter fixing hole (10), and the laser word meter (7) can be rotated at any angle in the laser word meter fixing hole (10); the outer sides of the scale optical axis fixing hole (9) and the laser word meter fixing hole (10) on the fixed rotating shaft (6) are provided with scale optical axis fixing hole bolts (11) and laser word meter fixing holes (12) for reinforcing the fixed rotating shaft (6) and the laser word meter (7); the angle of the laser word meter (7) is adjusted by adjusting the adjustment knob (13); The segmented chassis (4) is located outside the adjustable mainboard (3); the segmented chassis (4) is composed of a top chassis (17), a connecting chassis (18) and a bottom chassis (19), and the bottom of the bottom chassis (19) is fixed on the base (8); The top chassis (17) is a box structure with a lower opening, and the connecting chassis (18) and the bottom chassis (19) are box structures with upper and lower openings; horizontal wing plates (20) are provided on both sides of the chassis opening, and the horizontal wing plates (20) of adjacent chassis are connected to form an integral body by bolts; a fixing bolt (21) is provided on the upper part of the top chassis (17), which is used to connect the scale optical axis (5) to realize the integrated connection of the adjustable mainboard (3) and the segmented chassis (4); horizontal wing plates (20) are provided on the upper and lower ends of the connecting chassis (18) for connecting the top chassis (17) and a bottom chassis (19); a laser emitting hole (22) is provided on the front of the chassis for the laser digitizer (7) to project parallel and equidistant laser lines; in order to prevent the temperature inside the chassis from being too high, a fan (23) is installed on the front of the chassis, and a side panel of one side of the chassis is provided with equidistant heat dissipation holes (24); the other side panel of the chassis is an open structure, and the fixed shaft (6) and the laser digitizer (7) can be adjusted by opening the side panel door (25) of the chassis before or during the test; a wire outlet hole (26) is provided on the back of the chassis, and the power cord of the laser digitizer (7) passes through the wire outlet hole (26) to connect to the power supply; The image acquisition device (2) is composed of an image acquisition device bracket and a video recording device. The image acquisition device bracket comprises a U-shaped rod (27), a bracket extension rod (28) and a bracket adjustment seat (29). The bracket extension rod (28) and the bracket adjustment seat (29) are respectively mounted on two ends of the U-shaped rod (27). The bracket extension rod (28) is arranged horizontally and mounted on the rain generator bracket (30) through a metal buckle (31). The video recording device is mounted through the bracket adjustment seat (29). The bracket adjustment seat (29) can adjust the shooting angle of the video recording device to meet the actual needs of the field test. A plurality of extension rods 28 are connected by bolts to increase the length of the bracket.

2. A three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the scale optical axis (5) are provided with screw holes, and a plurality of scale optical axes (5) can be connected to each other via screws (14) to meet the observation needs of terrains of different heights in the field.

3. A three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (8) is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the scale optical axis (5) and the segmented machine case (4) are fixed to the base (8) by bolts.

4. A three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (8) is provided with a fixing seat (15), and the scale optical axis (5) is mounted on the base (8) through the fixing seat (15), which is used for secondary fixing of the scale optical axis (5) and the metal base (8), so that the geomorphometer host (1) does not deform after being placed vertically.

5. The three-dimensional landform observation device for ecological visualization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the base (8) is provided with an adjustable support foot (16).

Images