Device for monitoring soil fertility and earth surface straw quantity on line and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for monitoring soil fertility and earth surface straw quantity on line, and aims to measure the contents of soil organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in real time and estimate the weight and quality of earth surface straw. The device adopts a plurality of groups of soil fertility sampling units and machine vision units which are arranged side by side, the GNSS and the IMU are matched to realize accurate positioning, data are integrated through the control and data processing unit, the fertilization amount is calculated, and a fertilization gradient map is generated. The method supports multi-row synchronous measurement, the detection efficiency is improved, the sampling unit spacing can be adjusted according to the crop planting condition, and it is ensured that the detection area is matched with crop planting. According to the invention, powerful support is provided for precise agricultural management, and the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of monitoring devices, and in particular to a device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw quantity and a method for using the device. Background Art

[0002] In modern agriculture, accurate monitoring of soil fertility and the amount of surface straw is of great significance for increasing crop yields, optimizing fertilization strategies, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. However, traditional soil fertility detection methods mostly rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and unable to reflect the dynamic changes of soil fertility in a timely manner. At the same time, the assessment of the amount of surface straw often relies on manual visual inspection or simple mechanical measurement, which is limited in accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] With the continuous development of agricultural science and technology, people have begun to explore the use of modern sensor technology and information technology to achieve online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw. Although some related monitoring equipment has appeared on the market, these devices often have single functions and can only achieve single monitoring of soil fertility or surface straw, and cannot provide comprehensive information on multiple soil parameters at the same time.

[0004] In terms of monitoring the amount of straw on the ground, although traditional machine vision technology can realize the recognition and counting of straw, its accuracy and robustness still face challenges due to the complexity of the surface environment (such as light changes, shadows, weed interference, etc.). In addition, most of the existing straw monitoring equipment can only provide information on the total amount of straw, but cannot accurately evaluate the distribution of straw.

[0005] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a device and method that can monitor soil fertility and the amount of surface straw in real time, accurately and comprehensively. This device needs to be able to overcome the shortcomings of existing detection equipment, realize simultaneous monitoring of multiple soil parameters, and improve the accuracy of monitoring. At the same time, the device also needs to have intelligent data processing and analysis capabilities, and can automatically generate guidance information such as fertilization gradient maps based on monitoring results, providing strong support for precision agricultural management. It is based on such background and technical requirements that the present invention proposes a device for online monitoring of soil fertility and the amount of surface straw and a method for using the device. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for online monitoring of soil fertility and the amount of straw on the ground and a method for using the device, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount, comprising:

[0008] The soil fertility sampling unit has a structure with multiple groups arranged side by side, which is used to measure the soil reflectance spectrum through the near-infrared spectrum acquisition unit during the movement of the device to analyze the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil;

[0009] The sampling unit adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between a single group of sampling units to make it consistent with the spacing between future crop rows to be planted in the detection plot, so as to achieve multi-row synchronous detection;

[0010] The machine vision unit, including the image processing unit, uses machine learning algorithms to simultaneously acquire surface images and segment and analyze straw coverage and distribution, and further estimate the weight and quality of the straw;

[0011] The positioning unit obtains the latitude and longitude of the device in real time through GNSS, and combines IMU data to improve positioning accuracy and record the geographical location of the detection data;

[0012] The control and data processing unit includes a main control chip, which is used to integrate data from multiple sensors and visual units, calculate the difference between the target fertilizer amount and the amount of fertilizer that can be converted into straw, obtain the required fertilizer amount for the soil, and generate an accurate fertilizer gradient map based on the position information; in order to improve the smoothness of the detection data, an interpolation algorithm is used to supplement the data between each sampling point;

[0013] The travel unit includes a chassis, wheels, motor drives, sensors and a travel control system, and is used for movement and positioning of the device.

[0014] Optionally, the sampling unit adjustment device allows the user to flexibly adjust the spacing of the sampling units according to the crop planting plan of the plot to ensure that the detection area matches the crop planting conditions.

[0015] Optionally, the machine vision unit utilizes advanced image processing technology and machine learning algorithms to accurately identify and quantify the weight and quality of surface straw.

[0016] Optionally, the control and data processing unit also includes a fertilization recommendation algorithm, which automatically generates a fertilization gradient map based on the calculated amount of fertilizer required for the soil, providing guidance for precise fertilization operations.

[0017] Optionally, the travel unit is designed with an intelligent navigation system, which combines GNSS and IMU data to ensure accurate movement and positioning of the device in the farmland.

[0018] A method for using the device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

[0019] The device moves to the farmland to be inspected;

[0020] The soil fertility sampling unit is used to measure the soil reflectance spectrum and analyze the soil fertility parameters;

[0021] Acquire ground surface images through machine vision units to analyze straw coverage and distribution;

[0022] Record the geographical location of the detection data through the positioning unit;

[0023] The control and data processing unit integrates data, calculates the required amount of fertilizer, and generates a fertilizer gradient map;

[0024] Guide the fertilization equipment to carry out precise fertilization operations according to the fertilization gradient map.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Real-time monitoring and analysis: The device can measure soil fertility and the weight and quality of surface straw in real time, providing timely and accurate soil information for agricultural production, helping farmers or agricultural managers to make decisions quickly.

[0026] Improve detection efficiency: Through multiple sets of soil fertility sampling units and machine vision units arranged side by side, it supports multi-row synchronous measurement, greatly improving monitoring efficiency, shortening agricultural production cycle and reducing costs.

[0027] Precision fertilization guidance: Based on the collected data, the device can calculate the difference between the target amount of fertilizer and the amount of fertilizer that can be converted into straw, derive the amount of fertilizer required for the soil, and generate an accurate fertilization gradient map to guide the fertilization equipment to perform precise operations, thereby improving fertilizer utilization and reducing environmental pollution.

[0028] Strong adaptability: The spacing between sampling units can be adjusted to adapt to the spacing between planting rows of different crops, ensuring that the detection area is highly matched with the crop planting conditions, showing high flexibility and adaptability.

[0029] Promoting sustainable agricultural development: By providing comprehensive and accurate soil and straw information, it assists precision agricultural management and promotes the intelligent and sustainable development of agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a side view structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the sampling unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following describes the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the specification, so that the technical content is clearer and easier to understand. The present invention can be embodied in many different forms of embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments mentioned in the text.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The present invention relates to an innovative device and method for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw quantity, the core purpose of which is to break through the limitations of traditional soil and straw monitoring methods and achieve efficient and intelligent farmland management. The following is a more detailed description of the technical solution:

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is mainly composed of five units: a soil fertility sampling unit, a machine vision unit, a positioning unit, a control and data processing unit, and a travel unit. The units work together to realize real-time monitoring and analysis of farmland information.

[0036] Soil fertility sampling unit: This unit adopts a structure with multiple groups arranged side by side, and has a built-in near-infrared spectrum acquisition unit. During the movement of the device, it can measure the soil reflectance spectrum in real time, and accurately obtain key fertility parameters such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the soil through spectral analysis technology. This non-destructive monitoring method not only improves monitoring efficiency, but also avoids interference with the farmland environment.

[0037] Machine Vision Unit: This unit uses advanced image processing technology and machine learning algorithms to simultaneously acquire surface images and accurately segment and analyze straw coverage and distribution. Through image processing technology, the weight and quality of straw can be estimated, providing data support for straw resource utilization.

[0038] Positioning unit: This unit integrates GNSS and IMU sensors, which can obtain the longitude and latitude of the device in real time, and improve positioning accuracy by combining IMU data. This high-precision positioning method ensures the accuracy of the geographical location of the monitoring data and provides precise positioning for subsequent fertilization operations.

[0039] Control and data processing unit: This unit is responsible for integrating data from various units and performing calculations and analyses. Through algorithm calculations, the difference between the target fertilizer amount and the amount of fertilizer that can be converted from straw can be obtained, thereby obtaining the amount of fertilizer required for the soil. In addition, this unit can also generate an accurate fertilizer gradient map based on location information, providing a scientific basis for precise fertilization operations.

[0040] Travel unit: This unit includes chassis, wheels, motor drive, sensors and driving control system, which realizes the autonomous movement and positioning of the device. Through the intelligent navigation system, the precise movement and positioning of the device in the farmland can be ensured, which improves the flexibility and efficiency of monitoring operations.

[0041] Real-time and accuracy: By integrating multiple sensors and advanced data processing technology, real-time and accurate monitoring of soil fertility and straw quantity is achieved, providing strong support for precision agriculture.

[0042] Efficiency and flexibility: It supports multi-row synchronous measurement, which improves monitoring efficiency. At the same time, by adjusting the spacing between sampling units, it can adapt to different planting and fertilization needs, with high flexibility.

[0043] Intelligence and automation: The use of intelligent navigation system and data processing algorithm realizes autonomous movement and precise positioning of the device, as well as automatic processing and analysis of data, reducing the cost of manual intervention.

[0044] Promoting sustainable agricultural development: Through precise fertilization and straw resource utilization, the fertilizer utilization rate and agricultural production efficiency have been improved, the risk of environmental pollution has been reduced, and strong support has been provided for promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0045] In summary, the device and method for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount provided by the present invention have significant technical advantages and innovative value, and are of great significance for promoting the development of modern agriculture.

[0046] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0047] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw quantity, characterized in that: include: The soil fertility sampling unit has a structure with multiple groups arranged side by side, which is used to measure the soil reflectance spectrum through the near-infrared spectrum acquisition unit during the movement of the device to analyze the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil; The sampling unit adjustment device is used to adjust the spacing between a single group of sampling units to make it consistent with the spacing between future crop rows to be planted in the detection plot, so as to achieve multi-row synchronous detection; The machine vision unit, including the image processing unit, uses machine learning algorithms to simultaneously acquire surface images and segment and analyze straw coverage and distribution, and further estimate the weight and quality of the straw; The positioning unit obtains the latitude and longitude of the device in real time through GNSS, and combines IMU data to improve positioning accuracy and record the geographical location of the detection data; The control and data processing unit includes a main control chip, which is used to integrate data from multiple sensors and visual units, calculate the difference between the target fertilizer amount and the amount of fertilizer that can be converted into straw, obtain the required fertilizer amount for the soil, and generate an accurate fertilizer gradient map based on the position information; in order to improve the smoothness of the detection data, an interpolation algorithm is used to supplement the data between each sampling point; The travel unit includes a chassis, wheels, motor drives, sensors and a travel control system, and is used for movement and positioning of the device.

2. The device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling unit adjustment device allows the user to flexibly adjust the spacing of the sampling units according to the plot crop planting plan to ensure that the detection area matches the crop planting situation.

3. The device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine vision unit uses advanced image processing technology and machine learning algorithms to accurately identify and quantify the weight and quality of surface straw.

4. The device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control and data processing unit also includes a fertilization suggestion algorithm, which automatically generates a fertilization gradient map based on the calculated amount of fertilizer required for the soil, providing guidance for precise fertilization operations.

5. The device for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount according to claim 1, characterized in that: The travel unit is designed with an intelligent navigation system that combines GNSS and IMU data to ensure accurate movement and positioning of the device in the farmland.

6. A method for online monitoring of soil fertility and surface straw amount using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Includes steps: The device moves to the farmland to be inspected; The soil fertility sampling unit is used to measure the soil reflectance spectrum and analyze the soil fertility parameters; Acquire ground surface images through machine vision units to analyze straw coverage and distribution; Record the geographical location of the detection data through the positioning unit; The control and data processing unit integrates data, calculates the required amount of fertilizer, and generates a fertilizer gradient map; Guide the fertilization equipment to carry out precise fertilization operations according to the fertilization gradient map.

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