4M safety dynamic management and control method and system in building construction field

Abstract

The invention discloses a 4M safety dynamic management and control method and system in the field of building construction, and belongs to the field of building construction, and the method comprises a construction site management module which is used for progress tracking management and quality supervision management in the construction process; the video monitoring module is used for realizing real-time audio and video browsing through a network and real-time video watching; the equipment management module is used for transmitting real-time data through a network by utilizing wireless transmission equipment, the system platform receives the real-time data and then displays, stores and processes the real-time data in real time, and a supervision department remotely checks the real-time operation condition of current equipment in real time and remotely monitors certain equipment in real time; the three-dimensional visualization module is used for establishing a three-dimensional model of a construction site and a real-time three-dimensional model of a webpage end by scanning the actual situation of the site; and the 4M risk database module is used for establishing a 4M risk database in the field of building construction. According to the invention, the automation and intelligence level of building construction site supervision is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of building construction, and more specifically, to a 4M safety dynamic control method and system in the field of building construction. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous deepening of urban construction, the scale of various construction projects has continued to expand. Construction sites are characterized by large areas, large numbers of personnel, scattered equipment and materials, and trivial management and operation processes. Safety control of construction sites is a tedious and complicated task. The traditional work methods of manual inspections and manual paper-based recording can no longer meet the requirements of large-scale project control. Using information technology to innovate safety control models and solve problems such as "weak supervision and backward supervision methods" in construction projects has become an inevitable choice for project construction managers.

[0003] Traditional safety management methods in the field of construction mainly focus on four aspects: establishing a safety management system, formulating a safety construction plan, strengthening safety training and education, and strengthening safety supervision and inspection. (1) Establishing a safety management system. First, a special construction safety management organization should be established to formulate and implement construction safety management rules and regulations, coordinate the safety work of all parties in the construction, and supervise the implementation of safety measures. Secondly, the responsibilities and powers of managers at all levels should be clarified, and the organization, coordination and leadership of safety work should be done well to ensure the efficient operation of construction site safety management. At the same time, a sound safety responsibility accountability system should be established, and those responsible for violating safety regulations should be severely punished to form a high degree of attention and enforcement of construction safety. (2) Formulate a safety construction plan. Before construction, a detailed safety construction plan should be formulated based on the characteristics of the construction process and construction environment. The plan should include safety inspections, hazard identification, risk assessment, etc., and corresponding safety measures and emergency plans should be formulated according to actual conditions. In addition, the safety construction plan should also be linked with relevant engineering design and construction organization design to ensure that safety risks in construction are controlled and eliminated to the greatest extent possible. (3) Strengthen safety training and education. First, all workers involved in the construction should receive systematic safety training, including training on the operating specifications of construction equipment and safe operating skills. Secondly, safety training for management personnel should be strengthened to improve their awareness and level of construction safety management. In addition, regular assessment and evaluation of safety training education should be conducted to ensure the effectiveness and quality of training. (4) Strengthen safety supervision and inspection. In order to ensure the safety of the construction site, daily supervision and regular inspection of the construction site should be strengthened. Supervision and inspection should include the deployment of safety equipment and safety measures at the construction site, the safe operation of the operators, the control of dangerous sources, etc. At the same time, supervision of the safety management of the construction unit should be strengthened, and problems and hidden dangers found should be tracked and rectified in a timely manner to ensure continuous improvement of construction safety.

[0004] The construction industry is a high-risk industry, and there are many dangerous factors in daily production. In order to effectively prevent and resolve various production safety risks, it is necessary to establish a sound production safety management mechanism. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a 4M safety dynamic control method and system in the field of construction, which effectively improves the level of automation and intelligence of construction site supervision.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following solutions:

[0007] A 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the field of construction, comprising: a construction site management module, a video monitoring module, an equipment management module, a three-dimensional visualization module and a 4M risk database module;

[0008] The construction site management module is used for progress tracking management and quality supervision management during the construction process;

[0009] The video monitoring module is used to realize real-time audio and video browsing through the network and watch videos in real time;

[0010] The device management module is used to transmit real-time data through the network using wireless transmission equipment. After the system platform receives the real-time data, it displays, stores and processes it in real time. The regulatory department can remotely view the current operation status of the current equipment in real time and remotely monitor a certain equipment in real time.

[0011] The three-dimensional visualization module builds a three-dimensional model of the construction site and a real-time three-dimensional model of the web page by scanning the actual situation on site;

[0012] The 4M risk database module is used to establish a 4M risk database in the field of construction.

[0013] Furthermore, in the construction site management module, the quality supervision management specifically records the risk point information found during the quality and safety inspection, including the risk point location, responsible unit, responsible person, risk situation information, pictures and video information; and the subsequent rectification process for related issues is recorded in real time, providing a post-inquiry function;

[0014] The progress tracking management specifically combines the relevant data of the three-dimensional model progress plan, obtains the model data in real time, and derives the corresponding process progress plan based on the model, reports the progress status, updates the project progress in real time, and adjusts the construction plan and program in time.

[0015] Furthermore, in the video monitoring module, the monitoring video is stored on the computer, and the video files are managed and called in a unified manner.

[0016] Furthermore, the equipment management module specifically includes a tower crane safety monitoring and management system, an elevator safety monitoring system, a high formwork monitoring system and a deep foundation pit monitoring system.

[0017] Furthermore, in the three-dimensional visualization module, the actual situation on site is scanned by drone equipment, and a three-dimensional model of the construction site is established through 3DMAX. Each area is assigned a unique area id parameter, and the 3DMAX model is exported as an OBJ model. It is displayed on the web page based on WEBGL, and a real-time three-dimensional model on the web page is established. The model has the ability to zoom in, zoom out, drag, translate, rotate with the mouse, automatically rotate slowly clockwise, and automatically change the color of the regional material.

[0018] Furthermore, the 4M risk database module includes a personal safety risk database, an equipment and facility risk database, a regional environmental risk database and a safety management risk database.

[0019] A 4M safety dynamic control method in the field of construction includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Issue the operation activities;

[0021] Step 2: Carry out the assigned work activities;

[0022] Step 3: The 3D visualization module displays the operation activities in real time: the operation location field of the operation ticket is associated with the area ID during 3D visualization modeling, that is, the operation activities and risk levels are displayed in real time in the 3D model;

[0023] Step 4: Complete the work ticket: After the construction is completed, complete the work ticket in the construction site management module. At this time, the 3D visualization module no longer displays the work activity, and the risk level changes accordingly.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 1, the activity of issuing the operation specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0025] Step (1), after the work is entered into the construction site management module, it is reviewed and issued by the registration department leader;

[0026] Step (2), review by the registration department: the work activities entered by the work entry personnel are reviewed and issued; if the review is passed, it is submitted for issuance and then reviewed and issued by the responsible department leader; if the review is not passed, it is rejected and returned to the work entry stage;

[0027] Step (3), review by the responsible department: the operation events reviewed by the registration department leader are reviewed and issued; if the review is passed, it will be sent to the Safety Supervision Department; otherwise, the reason will be stated and it will be rejected and sent to the registration department;

[0028] Step (4), review by the Safety Supervision Department: The leader of the Safety Supervision Department reviews and issues the work activities reviewed by the leader of the responsible department; if the review is passed, it will be sent to the governance department; if the review is not passed, it will be rejected and sent back to the responsible department;

[0029] Step (5), review by the governance department: the governance department reviews and issues the work activities reviewed by the safety supervision department. If the review is passed, it will be submitted for issuance and then issued to the governance team of the governance department. If the review fails, it will be rejected and sent back to the safety supervision department.

[0030] Step (6): The management department and the management team organize relevant personnel to carry out the construction.

[0031] Furthermore, in step 2, the construction of the issued operation activity specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0032] Step (1), the person responsible for the operation prints the operation ticket, and the management team of the management department carries out the operation under the supervision of the Safety Supervision Department;

[0033] Step (2), during the construction process of on-site personnel, based on the video monitoring module, equipment management module and target detection algorithm, real-time analysis of 4M risk points in the operation process;

[0034] Step (3), after real-time identification of 4M risk points, the risk points are converted into word vectors through the word2vec model, and the similarity is calculated with the risk point word vectors in the 4M risk database, and the 4M risks are pushed, that is, the risk points, risk levels and preventive measures are obtained.

[0035] Furthermore, in step (2), the 4M risk points in the operation process are analyzed in real time based on the video monitoring module, the equipment management module and the target detection algorithm, specifically including: personal safety risk identification, operating environment risk identification, equipment and facility risk identification and process management risk identification;

[0036] The personal safety risk identification specifically includes:

[0037] Step 1: Collect pictures of abnormal behaviors such as smoking, not wearing a helmet, gathering of people, making phone calls, and falling from video clips or offline, and annotate them in VOC format;

[0038] Step 2: Send the image to the backbone network for feature extraction;

[0039] Step 3: Input Backbone into the neck network Neck, obtain the feature map through the Neck network, operate the feature map, and output the desired shape;

[0040] Step 4: Input the Neck result into the head network Head, and obtain the prediction results of small targets, medium targets, and large targets through the Neck network;

[0041] Step 5: Calculate the loss between the predicted result and the actual result. The classification loss in the training phase uses the binary cross entropy loss.

[0042] Step 6: After calculating the loss, perform back propagation and update the weight parameters;

[0043] Step 7: After the model training is completed, abnormal behavior can be inferred in real time based on the video;

[0044] The work environment risk identification specifically includes: the work environment risk identification uses external thermal imagers, air quality monitors, smoke alarms and weather data from the Meteorological Bureau to identify environmental risk factors in real time;

[0045] The equipment and facility risk identification specifically includes: detecting equipment data in real time through an equipment management module, and identifying risk factors of the equipment in real time;

[0046] The process management risk identification specifically includes: whether the construction work activities are applied for according to the process of the construction site management module. If not in accordance with the relevant specifications, there is a management risk; if in accordance with the relevant specifications, it is normal.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0048] This invention is based on the 4M risk theory and combines computer vision, natural language processing and other technical means to establish a dynamic risk management and control mechanism, which provides strong support for the current safe production in the construction field and effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of construction site supervision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a business flow chart of the 4M security dynamic management and control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] All features disclosed in all embodiments in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes implicitly disclosed, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined and / or expanded or replaced in any manner.

[0052] In view of the current situation in the background, the inventor of this application believes that: the 4M barrier concept of safety production standardization refers to reducing or eliminating the loopholes of the barriers of people (Men), things (Machine), environment (Medium), and management (Management). It is also the domestic division of the four major root causes of safety production accidents, namely people, things, environment, and management. Through the organic combination of various barriers and systematic prevention, the penetration path of unsafe incidents or the lack of barriers are blocked, and accidents are effectively avoided (called "4M theory"). A three-dimensional management and control pattern of "people, things, environment, and management" is formed, and passive management is changed to active intelligent management, which effectively improves the management level and management efficiency of the construction site. At the same time, through the integration with the building information model (BIM) system or three-dimensional model, the combination of project resource information and basic spatial data is realized, and an information sharing, integrated, and comprehensive building management and decision support platform is constructed to maximize economic and social benefits.

[0053] Under the framework of the safety management and control mechanism, the construction project management level can grasp the progress of the project anytime and anywhere, monitor the construction dynamics on site, promptly discover safety issues and urge the construction unit and project leaders to rectify hidden dangers in a timely manner, eliminate all kinds of illegal operations and uncivilized construction phenomena, and promote safe production and project quality management.

[0054] In order to solve the problems existing in the existing technical solutions, the technical solution of the present invention aims at risk behaviors in the field of construction, takes the 4M theory as the support, combines the specific application scenarios of the intelligent system in the field of construction to improve the target detection algorithm and the natural language processing algorithm, and analyzes the personal safety risks, equipment and facility risks, working environment risks, and process management risks in the construction process in real time. It also links with the three-dimensional model to establish a 4M safety dynamic management and control mechanism in the field of construction, which specifically includes corresponding methods and systems.

[0055] Furthermore, the specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:

[0056] The field of construction is a high-risk industry, and there are many dangerous factors in daily production. In order to effectively prevent and resolve various production safety risks, it is very necessary to establish a sound production safety management mechanism. The present invention discloses a 4M safety dynamic control mechanism in the field of construction, which integrates modules such as construction management, video monitoring, equipment management, three-dimensional visualization, and 4M risk database to support enterprises to build a closed-loop production safety management system in all directions, and manage and control production safety risks.

[0057] In a system embodiment of the present invention, it includes:

[0058] 1. Construction site management module. The construction site management system is mainly used for progress tracking and quality supervision during the construction process. Quality supervision management records the risk point information found during the quality and safety inspection, including the location of the risk point, responsible units, responsible persons, risk situation information, pictures, videos and other information, and records the subsequent rectification process of related issues in real time, providing post-query functions to ensure the integrity of the entire management record and the traceability of the management process. Progress tracking management combines the relevant data of the three-dimensional model schedule plan, obtains model data in real time, and derives the corresponding process schedule plan based on the model. The project responsible person reports the progress daily, updates the project progress in real time, and adjusts the construction plan and program in a timely manner.

[0059] 2. Video surveillance module. It realizes real-time audio and video browsing through the network, and can watch videos in real time on mobile phones, computers, monitors and TV walls. The surveillance videos are stored on the computer, and the video files are managed and called in a unified manner.

[0060] 3. Equipment management module. The equipment management module includes tower crane safety monitoring management system, elevator safety monitoring system, high formwork monitoring system, deep foundation pit monitoring system, etc. The wireless transmission equipment transmits real-time data through the GPRS network. After receiving the real-time data, the system platform displays, stores and processes it in real time. The regulatory department can remotely view the current operation status of the current equipment in real time, and can remotely monitor a certain equipment in real time.

[0061] 4. 3D visualization module. Use drones and other equipment to scan the actual situation on site, and use 3DMAX technology to build a 3D model of the construction site. Each area is assigned a unique area id parameter, such as 0, 1, 2, etc., which represent different areas of the construction site. Export the 3DMAX model as an OBJ model, display it on the web page based on WEBGL technology, and build a real-time 3D model on the web page. The model has the ability to zoom in, zoom out, drag, translate, rotate the mouse, automatically rotate slowly clockwise, and automatically change the color of the regional material.

[0062] 5. 4M risk database module. This module establishes a 4M risk database in the construction field based on existing industry knowledge. Specifically, it refers to the personal safety risk database, equipment and facility risk database, regional environmental risk database, and safety management risk database. Specifically, it includes the following fields: risk point, risk level, and preventive control measures.

[0063] A risk point is a potential or actual existence in a specific environment, behavior or decision, which may trigger a specific risk event and lead to adverse consequences. It may be an increased probability of an event occurring, or an increase in the loss after the event occurs.

[0064] The safety production risk level assessment should be carried out according to the importance and severity of the risk factors, and should be managed and controlled according to the risk level classification. A high risk level refers to safety production risks that may cause major casualties, property losses and serious social impacts due to process, engineering structure or other reasons; a relatively high risk level refers to safety production risks that may cause moderate casualties, property losses and certain social impacts due to process, engineering structure or other reasons; a general risk level refers to safety production risks that may cause minor casualties, property losses and a certain degree of social impact due to process, engineering structure or other reasons; a low risk level refers to safety production risks that may only affect the progress of the construction process and other projects due to process, engineering structure or other reasons.

[0065] Risk measures are to identify risk points, assess risk levels, and then take a series of measures to reduce the possibility and impact of risks. They are proactive measures taken by organizations to protect their own interests and achieve sustainable development when facing various risks.

[0066] In the method embodiment of the present invention, the following business logic is included:

[0067] 1. Operation activity distribution process

[0068] (1) Enter the work in the construction site management module. The work entry personnel (usually engineering department personnel) are responsible for initiating the work activities. After submission, the registration department leader will review and issue it.

[0069] (2) Review by the registration department. The registration department leader (usually the engineering department leader) reviews and issues the work activities (including the person responsible for the work activities, work content, work location, process, risk points, risk level, and preventive measures) entered by the work entry personnel. If the review is passed and submitted for issuance, the responsible department leader will review and issue it. If the review fails, it will be rejected and sent to the work entry personnel.

[0070] (3) Review by the responsible department. The responsible department leader (usually the construction party leader) reviews and issues the work events reviewed by the registration department leader. If the review is passed, it will be sent to the Safety Supervision Department; otherwise, it will be rejected and sent to the registration department with a clear reason.

[0071] (4) Review by the Safety Supervision Department. The leaders of the Safety Supervision Department review and issue the work activities reviewed by the leaders of the responsible departments. If the review is passed, it will be issued to the management department. If the review is not passed, it will be rejected and returned to the responsible department.

[0072] (5) Review by the Governance Department. The Governance Department will review and issue the work activities reviewed by the Safety Supervision Department. After the review is passed, it will be submitted for issuance and then issued to the governance team of the Governance Department. If the review fails, it will be rejected and sent back to the Safety Supervision Department.

[0073] (6) The management department and management team organize relevant personnel to carry out the construction.

[0074] 2. Construction of operation process

[0075] (1) The person responsible for the operation prints the operation ticket, and the operation is carried out by the management team of the management department under the supervision of the Safety Supervision Department.

[0076] (2) During the construction process of on-site personnel, the 4M risk points in the operation process are analyzed in real time based on the video monitoring module, equipment management module and target detection algorithm. The specific ideas are as follows:

[0077] Personal safety risk identification process. Personal safety risk identification is mainly based on real-time video surveillance, and uses the YOLO series of target detection algorithms to identify abnormal human behaviors in real time, including smoking, not wearing a helmet, gathering of people, making phone calls, falling, etc.

[0078] The YOLO family of algorithms is a popular real-time object detection algorithm that treats object detection as a regression problem and predicts the bounding box and category of the object directly from the image. The main advantage of this approach is its high speed and real-time object detection. The detection speed is increased by creating a convolutional neural network (CNN) and performing a single forward pass to predict the location and category of all bounding boxes at the same time. The process is as follows:

[0079] Step 1: Collect pictures of abnormal behaviors such as smoking, not wearing a helmet, gathering of people, making phone calls, and falling from video clips or offline, and annotate them in VOC format;

[0080] Step 2: Send the image to the Backbone network (i.e., feature extraction network structure) for feature extraction;

[0081] Step 3: Input Backbone into Neck (neck network, i.e., multi-scale feature fusion network structure), obtain feature maps through Neck network, and operate on the feature maps to output the desired shape (the feature maps here can be one or more, for example, after some Unsample (upsampling) and Concat (concatenation) operations, multiple feature maps of different scales can be obtained);

[0082] Step 4: Input the Neck result into the Head (head network, i.e. the network structure of the target detection and classification part), and obtain the prediction results of small targets, medium targets, and large targets through the Neck network;

[0083] Step 5: Calculate the loss between the predicted result and the actual result. The classification loss in the training phase uses the binary cross entropy loss. The complete loss function consists of three parts: bounding box regression loss, confidence prediction loss, and category prediction loss (the fourth item).

[0084] Step 6: After calculating the loss, perform back propagation and update the weight parameters;

[0085] Step 7: After the model training is completed, abnormal behavior can be inferred in real time based on the video.

[0086] Work environment risk identification process. Work environment risk identification mainly involves real-time identification of environmental risk factors through external thermal imagers, air quality monitors, smoke alarms, weather data from the Meteorological Bureau, etc.

[0087] During the equipment and facility risk identification process, the equipment management module detects equipment data in real time, such as key parameters such as current, voltage, vibration, etc., and identifies dangerous factors of the equipment in real time.

[0088] Process management risk identification: whether construction activities are applied for according to the process of the construction site management module. If not in accordance with relevant specifications, there will be management risks.

[0089] After real-time identification of 4M risk points, the risk points are converted into word vectors through the word2vec model, and the similarity is calculated with the risk point word vectors in the 4M risk database. By pushing 4M risks, the risk points, risk levels, and preventive control measures can be obtained.

[0090] 3. Real-time display of work activities in the 3D visualization module: By associating the work location field of the work ticket with the area ID during 3D visualization modeling, work activities can be displayed in real time in the 3D model. The highest risk of the area is the highest risk level of the 4M risk of the current process. The high risk level is displayed in red, the higher risk level is displayed in orange, the general risk level is displayed in yellow, and the low risk level is displayed in blue.

[0091] 4. Complete the work ticket: After the construction is completed, the person responsible for the work activity completes the work ticket in the construction site management module. At this time, the 3D visualization module no longer displays the work activity, and the risk level changes accordingly.

[0092] The units involved in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software or hardware, and the units described may also be arranged in a processor. The names of these units do not, in some cases, limit the units themselves.

[0093] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product or a computer program is provided, the computer program product or the computer program includes a computer instruction, and the computer instruction is stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer instruction from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instruction, so that the computer device executes the method provided in the above various optional implementations.

[0094] As another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiment; or may exist independently without being assembled into the electronic device. The above computer-readable medium carries one or more programs, and when the above one or more programs are executed by an electronic device, the electronic device implements the method described in the above embodiment.

Claims

1. A 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the field of construction, characterized in that: include: Construction site management module, video monitoring module, equipment management module, 3D visualization module and 4M risk database module; The construction site management module is used for progress tracking management and quality supervision management during the construction process; The video monitoring module is used to realize real-time audio and video browsing through the network and watch videos in real time; The device management module is used to transmit real-time data through the network using wireless transmission equipment. After the system platform receives the real-time data, it displays, stores and processes it in real time. The regulatory department can remotely view the current operation status of the current equipment in real time and remotely monitor a certain equipment in real time. The three-dimensional visualization module builds a three-dimensional model of the construction site and a real-time three-dimensional model of the web page by scanning the actual situation on site; The 4M risk database module is used to establish a 4M risk database in the field of construction.

2. The 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the construction site management module, the quality supervision management specifically records the risk point information found during the quality and safety inspection process, including the risk point location, responsible unit, responsible person, risk situation information, pictures and video information; And record the subsequent rectification process of related issues in real time and provide post-event query function; The progress tracking management specifically combines the relevant data of the three-dimensional model progress plan, obtains the model data in real time, and derives the corresponding process progress plan based on the model, reports the progress status, updates the project progress in real time, and adjusts the construction plan and program in time.

3. The 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the video monitoring module, the monitoring video is stored on the computer, and the video files are managed and called in a unified manner.

4. The 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The equipment management module specifically includes a tower crane safety monitoring and management system, an elevator safety monitoring system, a high formwork monitoring system and a deep foundation pit monitoring system.

5. The 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the three-dimensional visualization module, the actual situation on site is scanned by drone equipment, and a three-dimensional model of the construction site is established through 3DMAX. Each area is assigned a unique area id parameter, and the 3DMAX model is exported as an OBJ model. It is displayed on the web page based on WEBGL, and a real-time three-dimensional model on the web page is established. The model has the ability to zoom in, zoom out, drag, translate, rotate with the mouse, automatically rotate slowly clockwise, and automatically change the color of the area material.

6. The 4M safety dynamic management and control system in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The 4M risk database module includes a personal safety risk database, an equipment and facility risk database, a regional environmental risk database, and a safety management risk database.

7. A 4M safety dynamic control method in the field of construction, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Issue the operation activities; Step 2: Carry out the assigned work activities; Step 3: The 3D visualization module displays the operation activities in real time: the operation location field of the operation ticket is associated with the area ID during 3D visualization modeling, that is, the operation activities and risk levels are displayed in real time in the 3D model; Step 4: Complete the work ticket: After the construction is completed, complete the work ticket in the construction site management module. At this time, the 3D visualization module no longer displays the work activity, and the risk level changes accordingly.

8. The 4M safety dynamic control method in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the activity of issuing the operation specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step (1), after the work is entered into the construction site management module, it is reviewed and issued by the registration department leader; Step (2), review by the registration department: the work activities entered by the work entry personnel are reviewed and issued; if the review is passed, it is submitted for issuance and then reviewed and issued by the responsible department leader; if the review is not passed, it is rejected and sent to the work entry stage; Step (3), review by the responsible department: the operation events reviewed by the registration department leader are reviewed and issued; if the review is passed, it will be sent to the Safety Supervision Department; otherwise, the reason will be stated and it will be rejected and sent to the registration department; Step (4), review by the Safety Supervision Department: The leader of the Safety Supervision Department reviews and issues the work activities reviewed by the leader of the responsible department; if the review is passed, it will be sent to the governance department; if the review is not passed, it will be rejected and sent back to the responsible department; Step (5), review by the management department: the management department reviews and issues the work activities reviewed by the safety supervision department. After the review is passed and submitted for issuance, it is issued to the management team of the management department; If the review fails, it will be rejected and sent back to the Safety Supervision Department; Step (6): The management department and the management team organize relevant personnel to carry out the construction.

9. The 4M safety dynamic control method in the construction field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 2, the issued operation activities are carried out, which specifically includes the following sub-steps: Step (1), the person responsible for the operation prints the operation ticket, and the management team of the management department carries out the operation under the supervision of the Safety Supervision Department; Step (2), during the construction process of on-site personnel, based on the video monitoring module, equipment management module and target detection algorithm, real-time analysis of 4M risk points in the operation process; Step (3), after real-time identification of 4M risk points, the risk points are converted into word vectors through the word2vec model, and the similarity is calculated with the risk point word vectors in the 4M risk database, and the 4M risks are pushed, that is, the risk points, risk levels and preventive measures are obtained.

10. The 4M safety dynamic control method in the construction field according to claim 9 is characterized in that: In step (2), the 4M risk points in the operation process are analyzed in real time based on the video monitoring module, the equipment management module and the target detection algorithm, specifically including: personal safety risk identification, operation environment risk identification, equipment and facility risk identification and process management risk identification; The personal safety risk identification specifically includes: Step 1: Collect pictures of abnormal behaviors such as smoking, not wearing a helmet, gathering of people, making phone calls, and falling from video clips or offline, and annotate them in VOC format; Step 2: Send the image to the backbone network for feature extraction; Step 3: Input Backbone into the neck network Neck, obtain the feature map through the Neck network, operate the feature map, and output the desired shape; Step 4: Input the Neck result into the head network Head, and obtain the prediction results of small targets, medium targets, and large targets through the Neck network; Step 5: Calculate the loss between the predicted result and the actual result. The classification loss in the training phase uses the binary cross entropy loss. Step 6: After calculating the loss, perform back propagation and update the weight parameters; Step 7: After the model training is completed, abnormal behavior can be inferred in real time based on the video; The work environment risk identification specifically includes: the work environment risk identification uses external thermal imagers, air quality monitors, smoke alarms and weather data from the Meteorological Bureau to identify environmental risk factors in real time; The equipment and facility risk identification specifically includes: detecting equipment data in real time through an equipment management module, and identifying risk factors of the equipment in real time; The process management risk identification specifically includes: whether the construction work activities are applied for according to the process of the construction site management module. If not in accordance with the relevant specifications, there is a management risk; if in accordance with the relevant specifications, it is normal.

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