Light-emitting element, method for manufacturing light-emitting element, and display device

Abstract

The invention relates to a light-emitting element, a method for manufacturing the light-emitting element, and a display device. The light emitting element may include: a first electrode; an electron transport region on the first electrode and including metal nanoparticles; an emission layer on the electron transport region and including quantum dots; a hole transport region on the emission layer; and a second electrode disposed on the hole transport region. The metal nanoparticle may include a core including a metal oxide composed of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and a first component, and a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. The first component may include sodium (Na) or lithium (Li). Accordingly, the light-emitting element of the embodiment may show high efficiency and long lifetime. Formula 1 # imgabs0 #

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0138237 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on October 17, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure herein relate to a light emitting element including metal nanoparticles, a method for manufacturing a light emitting element, and a display device including the light emitting element. Background Art

[0004] A light-emitting element is an element having the property of converting electrical energy into light energy. A quantum dot light-emitting element including quantum dots in an emission layer in a light-emitting element has relatively high color purity and relatively high emission efficiency, and may be multi-colored. In a light-emitting element, holes move to the emission layer via a hole transport zone, and electrons move to the emission layer via an electron transport zone. In order to improve light efficiency, research on the smooth injection and transport of holes and electrons in quantum dot light-emitting elements is being actively conducted or pursued. Summary of the invention

[0005] Aspects of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a light emitting element having relatively high efficiency and relatively long lifetime, and a display device including the light emitting element.

[0006] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a method for manufacturing a light emitting element with excellent or appropriate manufacturing efficiency.

[0007] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, a light emitting element may include: a first electrode; a second electrode arranged on the first electrode; and at least one functional layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the at least one functional layer includes an emission layer including quantum dots and an electron transport region including a plurality of metal nanoparticles, the plurality of metal nanoparticles including (for example, each of the plurality of nanoparticles includes): a core including a metal oxide consisting of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and a first component; a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and the first component includes sodium (Na) or lithium (Li),

[0009] Formula 1

[0010]

[0011] In formula 1, R 1 is a directly attached or unsubstituted methylene group, R 2 and R 3 Each may independently be a direct link, -O-*, or a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and n1 is an integer of 1 to 5.

[0012] According to one or more embodiments, the metal oxide may be represented by Formula M-1:

[0013] Formula M-1

[0014] Zn x1 Mg y1 Q z1 O

[0015] In formula M-1, Q is Na or Li, the sum of x1, y1 and z1 is 1, x1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3.

[0016] According to one or more embodiments, the ligand may include Na + The first ligand and the O comprising formula 1 - The second ligand may be bonded to a surface of the core (eg, a surface of each of the cores of the plurality of metal nanoparticles).

[0017] According to one or more embodiments, the first ligand may be bonded to oxygen (O) at the surface.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments, the second ligand may be bonded to at least one selected from zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) at the surface.

[0019] According to one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles may have an absolute quantum efficiency of about 10% or less.

[0020] According to one or more embodiments, the content of the organic component present at the surface of the core may be about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % based on about 100 wt % of the total weight of the plurality of metal nanoparticles.

[0021] According to one or more embodiments, the emission layer may be disposed between the electron transport region and the second electrode, and the at least one functional layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

[0022] According to one or more embodiments, the emission layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the electron transport region, and the at least one functional layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer.

[0023] According to one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include an electron injection layer arranged on the first electrode, an electron transport layer arranged on the electron injection layer, and a hole blocking layer arranged on the electron transport layer, and at least one selected from the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer and the hole blocking layer may include a plurality of metal nanoparticles (for example, the hole blocking layer may include a plurality of metal nanoparticles).

[0024] According to one or more embodiments, a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element may include: forming (e.g., providing or applying) a first electrode on a base layer; forming (e.g., providing or applying) at least one functional layer on the first electrode; and forming (e.g., providing or applying) a second electrode on the at least one functional layer, wherein the formation (or providing) of the at least one functional layer includes: providing quantum dots to form (or provide) an emission layer; and providing a composition comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles to form (or provide) an electron transport region, the plurality of metal nanoparticles including (e.g., each including) a core comprising a metal oxide composed of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O) and a first component and a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and the first component includes sodium (Na) or lithium (Li).

[0025] Formula 1

[0026]

[0027] In formula 1, R 1 is a directly connected or unsubstituted methylene group, R 2 and R 3 Each may independently be a direct link, -O-*, or a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and n1 is an integer of 1 to 5.

[0028] According to one or more embodiments, the composition may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0029] According to one or more embodiments, the composition may further include a first solvent in which the plurality of metal nanoparticles are dispersed, and the first solvent may include a material represented by Formula S-1.

[0030] Formula S-1

[0031]

[0032] In formula S-1, R 11 and R 12 Each may independently be a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and / or combine with an adjacent group to provide a ring.

[0033] According to one or more embodiments, the composition may further include a first solvent in which the plurality of metal nanoparticles are dispersed, and the first solvent may include a material represented by at least one selected from among S-11 to S-18.

[0034]

[0035] According to one or more embodiments, in a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element, a plurality of metal nanoparticles may be prepared before providing a composition, and the preparation of the plurality of metal nanoparticles may include: preparing a core; and providing an ionic compound to the core to prepare a plurality of metal nanoparticles in which a ligand is bonded to a surface of the core (e.g., a surface of each of the cores of the plurality of metal nanoparticles).

[0036] According to one or more embodiments, preparing a core may include: preparing a mixture including a zinc precursor, a magnesium precursor, a first precursor, and a second solvent; and providing the mixture with a third solvent including a hydroxyl group, and the first precursor may include a sodium precursor or a lithium precursor.

[0037] According to one or more embodiments, each of the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor, and the first precursor may include acetate ions or halogen ions.

[0038] According to one or more embodiments, the second solvent may include water (H 2 O), at least one selected from ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0039] According to one or more embodiments, the third solvent may include at least one selected from among potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, trimethylammonium hydroxide (TMAM), and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH).

[0040] According to one or more embodiments, the metal oxide may be represented by Formula M-1.

[0041] Formula M-1

[0042] Zn x1 Mg y1 Q z1 O

[0043] In formula M-1, Q is Na or Li, the sum of x1, y1 and z1 is 1, x1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3.

[0044] According to one or more embodiments, the ligand may include Na + The first ligand and the O comprising formula 1 -The second ligand may be bonded to a surface of the core (eg, a surface of each of the cores of the plurality of metal nanoparticles).

[0045] According to one or more embodiments, the first ligand may be bonded to oxygen (O) at the surface, and the second ligand may be bonded to at least one selected from zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) at the surface.

[0046] According to one or more embodiments, the formation (or provision) of the emission layer may be performed after the formation (or provision) of the electron transport region, and the formation (or provision) of at least one functional layer may further include forming (e.g., providing or applying) a hole transport region after the formation (or provision) of the emission layer.

[0047] According to one or more embodiments, the formation (or provision) of the emission layer may be performed before the formation (or provision) of the electron transport zone, and the formation (or provision) of at least one functional layer may further include forming (e.g., providing or applying) a hole transport zone before the formation (or provision) of the emission layer.

[0048] According to one or more embodiments, a display device may include: a circuit layer; and a display element layer, which is arranged on the circuit layer and includes a pixel defining layer and a light emitting element in which a pixel opening portion is defined, wherein the light emitting element includes: a first electrode exposed via the pixel opening portion; a second electrode arranged on the first electrode; and at least one functional layer arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, the at least one functional layer including an emission layer including quantum dots and an electron transport region including a plurality of metal nanoparticles, the plurality of metal nanoparticles including (for example, each including): a core including a metal oxide composed of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), and a first component; and a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and the first component includes sodium (Na) or lithium (Li),

[0049] Formula 1

[0050]

[0051] In formula 1, R 1 is a directly connected or unsubstituted methylene group, R 2 and R 3 Each may independently be a direct link -O-* or a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and n1 is an integer of 1 to 5.

[0052] According to one or more embodiments, the metal oxide may be represented by Formula M-1:

[0053] Formula M-1

[0054] Znx1 Mg y1 Q z1 O

[0055] In formula M-1, Q is Na or Li, the sum of x1, y1 and z1 is 1, x1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3.

[0056] According to one or more embodiments, the ligand may include Na + The first ligand and the O comprising formula 1 - The second ligand may be bonded to a surface of the core (eg, a surface of each of the cores of the plurality of metal nanoparticles).

[0057] According to one or more embodiments, the first ligand may be bonded to oxygen (O) at the surface, and the second ligand may be bonded to at least one selected from zinc (Zn) and magnesium (Mg) at the surface.

[0058] According to one or more embodiments, the emission layer may be disposed between the electron transport region and the second electrode, and the at least one functional layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

[0059] According to one or more embodiments, the emission layer may be disposed between the first electrode and the electron transport region, and the at least one functional layer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0061] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0062] Figure 2 is shown corresponding to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a portion of line II' in FIG.

[0063] Figure 3 is a plan view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0064] Figure 4A is shown corresponding to Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a portion along line II-II';

[0065] Figure 4Bis a cross-sectional view showing a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0066] Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0067] Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0068] Figure 5C is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0069] Figure 5D is a cross-sectional view showing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0070] Figure 6 is a diagram showing metal nanoparticles according to one or more embodiments;

[0071] Figure 7 It is shown Figure 6 Enlarged view of the middle area XX';

[0072] Figure 8 is a graph evaluating and showing photoluminescence intensity for comparative examples and examples;

[0073] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0074] Fig. 10A is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0075] Fig. 10B is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0076] Fig.11 is a diagram schematically illustrating a manufacturing operation of a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0077] Fig. 12A is a diagram schematically illustrating a manufacturing operation of a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0078] Fig. 12B is a diagram schematically illustrating a manufacturing operation of a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments; and

[0079] Fig.13 It is shown Fig. 12A Magnified view of area AA' in FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0080] The present disclosure may have one or more suitable modifications and may be embodied in different forms, and the exemplary embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, all modifications, equivalents, and substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present disclosure should be included in the present disclosure.

[0081] In the description, when an element (or region, layer and / or component, etc.) is referred to as being "on" another element, "connected to" another element, or "coupled to" another element, the element may be directly arranged on / connected to / coupled to the other element, or an intervening third element may also be arranged.

[0082] The same reference numerals always refer to the same elements, and no repeated description thereof is provided. In the accompanying drawings, in order to effectively explain the technical content, the thickness, ratio, and size of the elements are exaggerated. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any combination and all combinations of one or more related listed items. Throughout this disclosure, the expressions of "at least one (kind / person) of ac", "at least one (kind / person) of a to c", "at least one (kind / person) of a, b, and c", "at least one (kind / person) among a to c", etc., represent only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., a and b at the same time), both a and c (e.g., a and c at the same time), both b and c (e.g., b and c at the same time), all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0083] In this specification, “comprising A or B”, “A and / or B” and the like represent A or B, or A and B.

[0084] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "approximately," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Taking into account the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system), "approximately" as used herein includes the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviations of the particular value determined by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, "approximately" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0085] In addition, any numerical range recorded herein is intended to include all sub-ranges with the same numerical precision contained in the recorded range. For example, the range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all sub-ranges between the minimum value of 1.0 (and including the minimum value of 1.0) and the maximum value of 10.0 (and including the maximum value of 10.0), that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit recorded herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit recorded in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein. Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to modify this specification (including claims) to explicitly record any sub-range contained in the range explicitly recorded herein.

[0086] Furthermore, when describing embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of “may” refers to “one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.”

[0087] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0088] In the present disclosure, "does not include one or any 'component'", "excludes one or any 'component'" and / or "does not contain a 'component'" etc. refers to a component in the composition / structure that has not been added, selected or utilized, but may still include a "component" in less than an appropriate amount due to other impurities and / or external factors.

[0089] Here, unless otherwise defined, the listing of operations, tasks, or behaviors in a particular order should not necessarily indicate that the invention or claims require a particular order. That is, as a general rule, unless an operation, task, or behavior of a method (e.g., a method claim) actually records an order, the operation, task, or behavior should not be understood as requiring an order.

[0090] In the present disclosure, when dots (dot / dots) or particles (particle / particles) are spherical, "size" or "diameter" means the particle diameter or the average particle diameter, and when they are non-spherical, "size" or "diameter" means the major axis length or the average major axis length. The diameter of the particle can be measured using a scanning electron microscope or a particle size analyzer. As a particle size analyzer, for example, HORIBA's LA-950 laser particle size analyzer can be used. When the size of the particles is measured using a particle size analyzer, the average particle size is referred to as D50. D50 refers to the average diameter of the particles whose cumulative volume corresponds to 50 vol% in a particle size distribution (e.g., cumulative distribution), and refers to the value of the particle size corresponding to 50% starting from the smallest particle when the total number of particles is 100% in a distribution curve accumulated in the order of the smallest particle size to the largest particle size.

[0091] It will be understood that although the terms "first" and / or "second" etc. may be used in this article to describe one or more suitable elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element. Similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, as used in this article, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form.

[0092] In one or more embodiments, the terms "on", "below", "under", and "over" are used to explain the relationship of elements shown in the drawings. These terms are relative concepts and are interpreted according to the directions shown in the drawings.

[0093] It will be further understood that when the terms “comprises” or “comprising” are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts and / or combinations thereof, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts and / or combinations thereof.

[0094] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. In one or more embodiments, it will be further understood that, unless explicitly defined herein, terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their background in the relevant art and the meaning of the present disclosure, and the terms will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0095] In the description, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" corresponds to a group that is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one substituent (e.g., selected from the following groups), the substituent including (e.g., consisting of): deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amine, silane, oxy, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boron, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrocarbon ring, aryl and heterocyclic groups. In one or more embodiments, each of the multiple example substituents may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl can be interpreted as an aryl or phenyl substituted by a phenyl group.

[0096] In the description, the term "forming a ring via combination with adjacent groups" may refer to forming (or providing) a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle via combination with adjacent groups. Hydrocarbon rings include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and aromatic hydrocarbon rings. Heterocycles include aliphatic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Hydrocarbon rings and heterocycles may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In one or more embodiments, the ring formed via combination with adjacent groups may be combined with another ring to form (or provide) a spiro ring structure.

[0097] In the description, the term "adjacent group" may refer to a substituent of a substituted atom directly bonded to an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, another substituent of an atom substituted by a corresponding substituent, or a substituent located closest to a corresponding substituent. For example, in 1,2-dimethylbenzene, two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane, two ethyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. In one or more embodiments, in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene, two methyl groups may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0098] In the description, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0099] In the description, the alkyl group may be of a linear or branched type or species. The carbon number of the alkyl group may be 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, Undecyl, dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, heneicosyl, docosyl, tricosyl, tetracosyl, pentacosyl, hexacosyl, heptacosyl, octacosyl, nonacosyl, triacontyl, etc., but are not limited thereto.

[0100] In the description, the explanation of the alkyl group is equally applicable to the alkylene group except that the alkylene group is a divalent group.

[0101] In the description, aryl refers to an optional functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. Aryl can be a monocyclic aryl or a polycyclic aryl. The carbon number forming (or providing) the ring in the aryl can be 6 to 30, 6 to 20 or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl can include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl and / or etc., but not limited thereto.

[0102] In the description, an oxy group may refer to an oxygen atom combined with an alkyl group or an aryl group defined above. The oxy group may include an alkoxy group and an aryloxy group. The aryl group in the aryloxy group may be the same as the example of the aryl group. The alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic. The carbon number of the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0103] In descriptions, direct connection can refer to a single bond. In descriptions, and "-*" refers to the location to link to.

[0104] Hereinafter, a light emitting element and a display device including the same according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device DD according to one or more embodiments.

[0105] refer to Figure 1 , the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may be a device activated by an electrical signal. For example, the display device DD may be a large device such as a television, a monitor, and an external billboard. In one or more embodiments, the display device DD may be a small or medium-sized device such as a personal computer (e.g., a laptop computer, a tablet computer), a personal digital terminal, a car navigation unit, a game console, a smart phone, and a camera. In one or more embodiments, these are presented only as examples, and unless departing from the present disclosure, the display device DD may be used as other display devices.

[0106] The display device DD may display an image (or video) through a display surface DD-IS. The display surface DD-IS may be parallel to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The display surface DD-IS may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA.

[0107] In the display area DA, the pixels PX may be arranged, and in the non-display area NDA, the pixels PX may not be arranged. The non-display area NDA may be defined along the edge of the display surface DD-IS. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the non-display area NDA may not be provided, or the non-display area NDA may be arranged only on one side of the display area DA.

[0108] exist Figure 1 In the figure, a display device DD provided with a flat display surface DD-IS is shown, but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The display device DD may include a curved or type display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface may include multiple display areas, indicating other directions to each other.

[0109] exist Figure 1In the drawings herein, the first direction axis DR1 to the third direction axis DR3 are shown, and the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2, and the third direction axis DR3 explained in this specification have relative concepts and can be converted into other directions. In one or more embodiments, the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2, and the third direction axis DR3 can be interpreted as the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2, and the third direction DR3, and the same reference numerals can be used. In the description, the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 can be orthogonal to each other, and the third direction axis DR3 can be the normal direction of the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0110] In the description, a plane refers to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2, and a cross section may refer to a surface that is normal to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 (e.g., perpendicular to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2) and parallel to the third direction axis DR3. The thickness direction of the display device DD may be a direction parallel to the third direction DR3, which is a normal direction to the plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2.

[0111] In the description, the top surface (or front surface) and the bottom surface (or rear surface) of the components constituting the display device DD may be defined based on the third direction DR3. More specifically, for one element, the surface relatively adjacent to the display surface DD-IS among the two back-to-back surfaces based on the third direction DR3 may be defined as the front surface (or top surface), and the surface relatively separated from the display surface DD-IS may be defined as the rear surface (or bottom surface). In one or more embodiments, in the description, the upper portion (or upper side) or the lower portion (or lower side) may be defined based on the third direction DR3, and the upper portion (or upper side) may be defined as the direction close to the display surface DD-IS, and the lower portion (lower side) may be defined as the direction away from the display surface DD-IS.

[0112] In the description, an element "directly disposed / formed directly on" another element may mean that there is no third element between the one element and the other element. For example, an element "directly disposed / formed directly on" another element may mean that the one element and the other element are "in contact" with each other.

[0113] Figure 2 is shown corresponding to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion along line II'. Figure 2 may be a cross-sectional view of a display device according to one or more embodiments.

[0114] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP arranged on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL arranged on the base layer BS, a display element layer DP-EL arranged on the circuit layer DP-CL, and an encapsulation layer TFE arranged on the display element layer DP-EL.

[0115] The display panel DP may be an element that substantially generates an image. The display panel DP may be an emission type or kind of display panel. For example, the display panel DP may be a quantum dot emission display panel including quantum dot light emitting elements.

[0116] The base layer BS may be a member that provides a base surface for setting the circuit layer DP-CL. The base layer BS may be a rigid base, or may be a flexible base that is bendable, foldable, rollable, etc. The base layer BS may be a glass base, a metal base, or a polymer base. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0117] The circuit layer DP-CL may be arranged on the base layer BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, and a conductive pattern for forming a signal line, for example. After forming (or providing) an insulating layer, a semiconductor layer, and a conductive layer on the base layer BS by coating, deposition, or the like, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned by a plurality of photolithography processes. Thereafter, a semiconductor pattern included in the circuit layer DP-CL and a conductive pattern for forming a signal line, for example, may be formed.

[0118] The display element layer DP-EL may be arranged on the circuit layer DP-CL. The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel definition layer PDL ( Figure 4A and Figure 4B ), and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 and the third light emitting element ED-3 ( Figure 4A and Figure 4B ), which will be described in detail later. For example, the display element layer DP-EL may include an organic light-emitting material, an inorganic light-emitting material, an organic-inorganic light-emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro light-emitting diode (LED), or a nano-LED. More specifically, the display element layer DP-EL may include a quantum dot.

[0119] The encapsulation layer TFE can protect the display element layer DP-EL from foreign substances (such as moisture, oxygen and dust particles). The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer. The encapsulation layer may include a stacked structure of an inorganic layer, an organic layer and an inorganic layer in sequence.

[0120] The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP and may control reflected light of external light at the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may include a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments different from the drawings, the optical layer PP may not be provided.

[0121] Figure 3 is a plan view showing a display device DD according to one or more embodiments. Figure 4A is shown corresponding to Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the portion along the center line II-II'. Figure 3 The display area DA ( Figure 1 )’s floor plan. Figure 4A may be a cross-sectional view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments.

[0122] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4A , the display device DD may include a peripheral area NPXA and light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas of emitted light generated from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. The areas of the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other, and in this case, the area may refer to an area on a plane.

[0123] The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated by the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 3 and Figure 4A , three light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B configured to emit red light, green light, and blue light are shown according to one or more embodiments. For example, the display device DD according to one or more embodiments may include a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G, and a blue light emitting region PXA-B separated from each other.

[0124] The display panel DP may include a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 configured to emit light having different wavelength regions from each other. The plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be configured to emit light of different colors from each other. For example, the display panel DP may include a first light emitting element ED-1 configured to emit blue light, a second light emitting element ED-2 configured to emit green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 configured to emit red light. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may be configured to emit light in substantially the same wavelength region, or at least one of them may be configured to emit light in different wavelength regions.

[0125] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4A In the display device DD of the embodiment shown in , the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas according to the colors emitted from the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The blue light-emitting region PXA-B of the first light-emitting element ED-1 configured to emit blue light may have the largest area, and the green light-emitting region PXA-G of the second light-emitting element ED-2 configured to emit green light may have the smallest area. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be configured to emit light of a color different from red light, green light, and blue light. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have the same area, or the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be provided with different areas. Figure 3 The area ratio shown in .

[0126] Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region divided or defined by the pixel defining layer PDL. The peripheral region NPXA may be a region between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, and may be a region corresponding to the pixel defining layer PDL. Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may correspond to a pixel.

[0127] The pixel defining layer PDL may define the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B and the peripheral region NPXA may be divided by the pixel defining layer PDL.

[0128] The blue light emitting regions PXA-B and the red light emitting regions PXA-R may be arranged alternately along the first direction axis DR1 to form (or provide) a first group PXG1. The green light emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the first direction axis DR1 to form (or provide) a second group PXG2. The first group PXG1 may be arranged spaced apart on the second direction axis DR2 relative to the second group PXG2. A plurality of first groups PXG1 and a plurality of second groups PXG2 may be provided. The first group PXG1 and the second group PXG2 may be arranged alternately on the second direction axis DR2.

[0129] One red light emitting region PXA-R may be arranged on the fourth direction axis DR4 to be separated from one green light emitting region PXA-G. One blue light emitting region PXA-B may be arranged on the fifth direction axis DR5 to be separated from one green light emitting region PXA-G. The fourth direction axis DR4 may be a direction between the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The fifth direction axis DR5 may be a direction passing through the fourth direction axis DR4 and inclined relative to the second direction axis DR2.

[0130] In one or more embodiments, the arrangement structure of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 3 For example, in the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, the red light-emitting regions PXA-R, the green light-emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting regions PXA-B may be arranged alternately along the first direction axis DR1. In one or more embodiments, on a plane, the shapes of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are not limited to the shapes shown in the drawings, and may be defined as shapes different from those shown in the drawings.

[0131] exist Figure 4A In the embodiment, the base layer BS may include a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure. For example, the base layer BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, an intermediate layer of a multi-layer or single-layer structure, and a second synthetic resin layer. The intermediate layer may be referred to as a base barrier layer. The intermediate layer may include silicon oxide (SiO x ) layer and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer arranged on the silicon oxide layer, but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not specifically limited thereto. For example, the intermediate layer may include at least one selected from a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, and an amorphous silicon layer.

[0132] Each of the first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may include a polyimide-based resin. In one or more embodiments, each of the first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may include at least one selected from acrylate resins, methacrylate resins, polyisoprene resins, vinyl resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, cellulose resins, siloxane resins, polyamide resins, and perylene resins. In the description, the "~~" type resin refers to a resin including a "~~" functional group.

[0133] The circuit layer DP-CL may be arranged on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the plurality of transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switching transistor and a driving transistor for driving the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-EL.

[0134] The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel defining layer PDL, and a first light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3. In the pixel defining layer PDL, a pixel opening portion OH may be defined. The pixel defining layer PDL may divide the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3. Emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may be arranged and divided in the pixel opening portion OH defined in the pixel defining layer PDL.

[0135] The pixel defining layer PDL can be formed using a polymer resin. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL can be formed by including a polyacrylate resin or a polyimide resin. In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining layer PDL can be formed by further adding an inorganic material in addition to the polymer resin. In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining layer PDL can be formed by including a light absorbing material, or by including a black pigment or a black dye. A black pixel defining layer can be realized by forming a pixel defining layer PDL including a black pigment or a black dye. In the process of forming (or providing) the pixel defining layer PDL, carbon black or the like can be used as a black pigment or a black dye, but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0136] In one or more embodiments, the pixel defining layer PDL may be formed using an inorganic material. For example, the pixel defining layer PDL may be formed using a material including silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ) and / or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y) etc. x and y may be real numbers suitable for the art.

[0137] Each of the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer FL disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The at least one functional layer FL may include electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R. In one or more embodiments, the at least one functional layer FL may further include hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3.

[0138] See also Figure 4A , the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 arranged on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R arranged on the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3, hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 arranged on the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, and a second electrode arranged on the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3. The emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R may be arranged between the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 and the second electrode EL2, and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 may be arranged between the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R and the second electrode EL2.

[0139] At least a portion of the first electrode EL1 may be exposed at the pixel opening portion OH of the pixel defining layer PDL. The first electrode EL1 may have conductivity. The first electrode EL1 may be formed using a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be a cathode or an anode. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, selected from two or more compounds thereof, selected from two or more mixtures thereof, or oxides thereof.

[0140] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. If the first electrode EL1 is a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiFMo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (for example, a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In addition, the first electrode EL1 may have a structure including multiple layers, the multilayer structure including a reflective layer or a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layer formed using the above materials, and a transmissive conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO or ITZO. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but is not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may include the above metal material, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be from about 100 Å to about 500 Å. to approximately For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about to approximately

[0141] The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be an anode or a cathode, but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode; and if the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode. The second electrode EL2 may include at least one selected from Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, selected from two or more compounds thereof, selected from two or more mixtures thereof, or oxides thereof.

[0142] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include a transparent metal oxide such as ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO.

[0143] If the second electrode EL2 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, compounds thereof, or mixtures thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective layer or a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective layer formed using the above materials, and a transparent conductive layer formed using ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above metal materials, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal materials.

[0144] In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may be connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0145] Between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R may be arranged. The first light emitting element ED-1 may include a first emission layer EML-B, the second light emitting element ED-2 may include a second emission layer EML-G, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may include a third emission layer EML-R. The first emission layer EML-B may include a first quantum dot QD-C1. The second emission layer EML-G may include a second quantum dot QD-C2. The third emission layer EML-R may include a third quantum dot QD-C3.

[0146] The quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 included in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R may be stacked to form (or provide) a layer. Figure 4A In the embodiment, according to one or more embodiments, quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 having a circular cross-section are arranged to form (or provide) approximately two layers, but one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, according to the thickness of the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, the shapes of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 included in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, and the average diameter of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3, the arrangement of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can be changed. For example, the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R can be arranged nearby to form (or provide) one layer, or arranged to form (or provide) two layers and / or three layers, etc.

[0147] The first quantum dot QD-C1 of the first light-emitting element ED-1 can be configured to emit blue light. The second quantum dot QD-C2 of the second light-emitting element ED-2 can be configured to emit green light. The third quantum dot QD-C3 of the third light-emitting element ED-3 can be configured to emit red light. Each of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may include a core and a shell around the core (e.g., around the core). Therefore, each of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may include a core-shell structure. The cores of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may include materials different from each other. Differently, the cores of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may include the same material. In one or more embodiments, two cores among the cores of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may include the same material, and the remaining one core may include a different material.

[0148] exist Figure 4A , the diameters of the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 are shown to be similar, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The diameters of the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 may be different from each other. For example, the first quantum dot QD-C1 of the first light-emitting element ED-1 emitting light in a relatively short wavelength region may have a relatively small average diameter compared to the second quantum dot QD-C2 of the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third quantum dot QD-C3 of the third light-emitting element ED-3. The average diameter refers to the arithmetic mean of the particle diameters of a plurality of quantum dots. The particle diameter of the quantum dot may be the average value of the width of the cross-section of the quantum dot particle.

[0149] Between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 may be disposed. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 may include metal nanoparticles NP( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D In one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles NP ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) can include nuclear MC ( Figure 6 ) and with nuclear MC ( Figure 6 ) bonded ligand LD( Figure 6 ). Nuclear MC( Figure 6 ) may include a metal oxide composed of four components such as sodium (Na) or lithium (Li), and the ligand LD ( Figure 6 ) can be derived from Na + and glycolate ionic moieties. Including core MC ( Figure 6 ) and derived from Na + and the glycolate ion ligand LD( Figure 6 ) of metal nanoparticles NP( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) can show excellent or suitable dispersibility, stability over time and (charge) discharge stability, and can improve the light efficiency and life of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. Metal nanoparticles NP ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) will be described in detail later.

[0150] The electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may be arranged and divided in the pixel opening portion OH. The first light emitting element ED-1 may include the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 may include the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may include the third electron transport region ETR-3.

[0151] Each of the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may have a single layer formed using a single material, a single layer formed using a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed using different materials. For example, the thickness of the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may be about 100 Å. To about

[0152] The first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may further include a suitable electron injection material and / or a suitable electron transport material. For example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include an anthracene compound. In one or more embodiments, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (B phen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolyl-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinoline)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), and mixtures thereof. In one or more embodiments, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1) and / or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), etc.

[0153] Between the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R and the second electrode EL2, hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may be arranged. The hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may be arranged in the pixel opening portion OH to be divided. The first light emitting element ED-1 may include a first hole transport region HTR-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 may include a second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may include a third hole transport region HTR-3.

[0154] Each of the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may have a single layer formed using a single material, a single layer formed using a plurality of different materials, or a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers formed using a plurality of different materials. For example, the thickness of the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may be approximately To about The thickness of the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may be, for example, approximately To about For example, approximately To about

[0155] The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include a suitable hole injection material and / or a suitable hole transport material. For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include a phthalocyanine compound (such as copper phthalocyanine), N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PA The main materials of the present invention are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-diphenylene sulfonate (PANI / DBSA), 2, 3, 4-diphenylene sulfonate (PANI / DBSA), 2, 3, 4-diphenylene sulfonate (PANI / CSA), 2, 3, 4-diphenylene sulfonate (PANI / PSS), 2, 4-diphenylene sulfonate (PANI / PSS), 2, 3 ...

[0156] In one or more embodiments, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include carbazole derivatives such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole, 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), fluorene derivatives, N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), such as 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-di(naphthalene-l-yl)-N,N '-diphenylamine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), triphenylamine derivatives of 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), or and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0157] The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer (hereinafter, referred to as the encapsulation inorganic layer). In one or more embodiments, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one organic layer (hereinafter, referred to as the encapsulation organic layer) and at least one encapsulation inorganic layer.

[0158] The encapsulated inorganic layer can protect the display element layer DP-EL from moisture / oxygen, and the encapsulated organic layer can protect the display element layer DP-EL from foreign substances (such as dust particles). Without specific restrictions, the encapsulated inorganic layer may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide. The encapsulated organic layer may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. Without specific restrictions, the encapsulated organic layer may include a photopolymerizable organic material.

[0159] The optical layer PP may include a base substrate BL and a color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may be a member that provides a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL is arranged. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0160] The color filter layer CFL may include a first filter CF-B, a second filter CF-G, and a third filter CF-R. The first filter CF-B, the second filter CF-G, and the third filter CF-R may be arranged corresponding to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively. For example, the first filter CF-B may be a blue filter, the second filter CF-G may be a green filter, and the third filter CF-R may be a red filter. The first filter CF-B, the second filter CF-G, and the third filter CF-R may be arranged corresponding to the first pixel area PXA-B, the second pixel area PXA-G, and the third pixel area PXA-R, respectively.

[0161] Each of the first filter CF-B, the second filter CF-G, and the third filter CF-R may include a photosensitive polymer resin and a pigment or dye. The first filter CF-B may include a blue pigment or a blue dye, the second filter CF-G may include a green pigment or a green dye, and the third filter CF-R may include a red pigment or a red dye. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first filter CF-B may not include (e.g., may exclude) a pigment or a dye. The first filter CF-B may include a photosensitive polymer resin and does not include a pigment or a dye. The first filter CF-B may be transparent. The first filter CF-B may be formed using a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0162] The color filter layer CFL may further include a buffer layer BFL. For example, the buffer layer BFL may be a protective layer for protecting the first filter CF-B, the second filter CF-G, and the third filter CF-R. The buffer layer BFL may be an inorganic layer including at least one inorganic material selected from silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The buffer layer BFL may be formed as a single layer or a multilayer.

[0163] In one or more embodiments, the second filter CF-G and the third filter CF-R may be yellow filters. The second filter CF-G and the third filter CF-R may be provided indistinguishably in one body.

[0164] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light blocking portion. The light blocking portion may be a black matrix. The light blocking portion may be formed of an organic light blocking material or an inorganic light blocking material including a black pigment or a black dye. The light blocking portion may prevent or reduce light leakage and may demarcate the boundaries between adjacent filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R.

[0165] Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a display device DD-1 according to one or more embodiments. Figure 4B In the explanation of Figures 1 to 4A The contents that are repeated in the explained contents will not be explained again, and the differences will be mainly explained.

[0166] and Figure 4A compared to, Figure 4B The positions of the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 and the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 are different. Figure 4B , the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R disposed on the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 disposed on the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3. The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R may be disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3, and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may be disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R.

[0167] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D 1 is a cross-sectional view showing light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c according to one or more embodiments. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D The light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, and at least one functional layer FL disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The at least one functional layer FL may include a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML and an electron transport region ETR.

[0168] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5B At least one selected from the light emitting elements ED and ED-a explained above can be applied in the same manner to Figure 4A At least one selected from the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in . Figure 5C and Figure 5D At least one selected from the light emitting elements ED-b and ED-c explained above can be applied in the same manner to Figure 4BAt least one selected from the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in .

[0169] Reference Figure 5A and Figure 5B , the light emitting elements ED and ED-a may include a first electrode EL1, an electron transport region ETR, an emission layer EML, a hole transport region HTR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence. Figure 5A , the hole transport region HTR may include a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL. The hole transport layer HTL may be arranged on the emission layer EML, and the hole injection layer HIL may be arranged on the hole transport layer HTL. The electron transport region ETR may include an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. The electron injection layer EIL may be arranged on the first electrode EL1, the electron transport layer ETL may be arranged on the electron injection layer EIL, and the emission layer EML may be arranged on the electron transport layer ETL. In the light emitting element ED, the electron transport region ETR may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments.

[0170] and Figure 5A Compared with the light emitting element ED, Figure 5B The light-emitting element ED-a is different in that the hole transport region HTR further includes an electron blocking layer EBL, and the electron transport region ETR further includes a hole blocking layer HBL. The electron blocking layer EBL may be arranged on the emission layer EML. The electron blocking layer EBL may be arranged between the emission layer EML and the hole transport layer HTL. The hole blocking layer HBL may be arranged on the electron transport layer ETL. The hole blocking layer HBL may be arranged between the emission layer EML and the electron transport layer ETL. Unlike the accompanying drawings, at least one selected from the electron blocking layer EBL and the hole blocking layer HBL may not be provided. In the light-emitting element ED-a, the electron transport region ETR may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments.

[0171] and Figure 5A and Figure 5B Compared with the light-emitting elements ED and ED-a shown in FIG. Figure 5C and Figure 5D The light-emitting elements ED-b and ED-c shown in FIG. 1 are different only in the arrangement positions of the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR. Figure 5C and Figure 5D , the light emitting elements ED-b and ED-c may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emission layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 which are sequentially stacked.

[0172] Reference Figure 5C, the hole transport region HTR may include a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL. The hole injection layer HIL may be arranged on the first electrode EL1, and the hole transport layer HTL may be arranged on the hole injection layer HIL. The electron transport region ETR may include an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. The electron transport layer ETL may be arranged on the emission layer EML, and the electron injection layer EIL may be arranged on the electron transport layer ETL. In the light emitting elements ED-b and ED-c, the electron transport region ETR may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments.

[0173] Reference FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , the electron transport region ETR may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments. At least one selected from the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments. For example, the electron transport layer ETL may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, at least one selected from the hole blocking layer HBL and the electron injection layer EIL may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments. In one or more embodiments, the hole blocking layer HBL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the electron injection layer EIL may include the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments. The electron transport region ETR including the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments may have improved electron injection characteristics and / or electron transport characteristics, and thus contribute to the improvement of the light efficiency and life of the light-emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c. The metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments will be described in detail below.

[0174] The emission layer EML may include quantum dots QD-C. Figure 4A and Figure 4B The explanation of the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2 and the third quantum dot QD-C3 shown in FIG. 1 will also apply to the quantum dot QD-C.

[0175] In the description, a quantum dot QD-C may refer to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. The quantum dot QD-C may be configured to emit one or more suitable wavelengths of light according to the size of the crystal. For example, the diameter of the quantum dot QD-C may be about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0176] Quantum dot QD-C can be synthesized by chemical bath deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition, molecular beam epitaxy or similar processes. Chemical bath deposition is a method of growing quantum dot QD-C particle crystals after mixing an organic solvent and a precursor material. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant at the surface of the quantum dot QD-C crystal and can control the growth of the crystal. Therefore, chemical bath deposition is more convenient than vapor deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and / or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the growth of quantum dot QD-C particles can be controlled by a relatively low-cost process.

[0177] Examples of quantum dots can include II-VI semiconductor compounds, I-II-VI semiconductor compounds, II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds, I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds, III-V semiconductor compounds, III-VI semiconductor compounds, I-III-VI semiconductor compounds, IV-VI semiconductor compounds, II-IV-V semiconductor compounds, IV elements or compounds, and any combination thereof. In the description, "group" refers to a group in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) periodic table.

[0178] Examples of II-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, and / or MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, Cd ZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe and / or MgZnS; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and / or HgZnSTe; and / or combinations thereof (e.g., any suitable combination).

[0179] In one or more embodiments, the II-VI semiconductor compound may further include a Group I metal and / or a Group IV element. The I-II-VI semiconductor compound may be CuZnS, and the II-IV-VI semiconductor compound may be selected from ZnSnS, etc., and the I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compound may be selected from a quaternary compound, the quaternary compound being selected from a group including (e.g., consisting of) Cu 2 ZnSnS 2 , Cu2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 、Ag 2 ZnSnS 2 groups and mixtures thereof.

[0180] Examples of III-V semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and / or InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and / or InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and / or InAlPSb; and / or combinations thereof. In one or more embodiments, the III-V semiconductor compound may further include a Group II element. Examples of the group III-V semiconductor compound including an element in group II may include InZnP, InGaZnP, and / or InAlZnP, and the like.

[0181] Examples of III-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaS, Ga 2 S 3 ,GaSe,Ga 2 Se 3 、GaTe、InS、InSe、In 2 Se 3 and / or InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 and / or InGaSe 3 ; and / or a combination thereof.

[0182] Examples of Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS 2 、AgInSe 2 、AgGaS、AgGaS 2 、AgGaSe 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、CuInSe 2 、CuGaS 2、CuGaSe 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 and / or AgAlO 2 ; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 and / or CuInGaS 2 ; and / or a combination thereof.

[0183] Examples of IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe and / or PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe and / or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe and / or SnPbSTe; and / or combinations thereof.

[0184] Examples of II-IV-V semiconductor compounds may be selected from the group consisting of (e.g., consisting of) ZnSnP, ZnSnP 2 、ZnSnAs 2 、ZnGeP 2 、ZnGeAs 2 、CdSnP 2 、CdGeP 2 and mixtures thereof.

[0185] Examples of Group IV elements or compounds may include: single element materials, such as Si and / or Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC and / or SiGe; and / or combinations thereof.

[0186] Each element contained in a multi-element compound (such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, and / or a quaternary compound) may be present in the particle in a substantially uniform concentration or in a non-uniform concentration. For example, the chemical formula refers to the type (kind) of elements included in the compound, and the ratio of elements in the compound may be different. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can refer to AgIn x Ga 1- x S 2 (x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0187] In one or more embodiments, the quantum dot QD-C may have a single structure or a core-shell dual structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot QD-C is substantially uniform. For example, the material included in the core and the material included in the shell may be different.

[0188] The shell of the quantum dot QD-C can act as a protective layer to prevent or reduce the chemical denaturation of the core and maintain semiconductor properties, and / or act as a charging layer to provide electrophoretic properties for the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or a multilayer. In a core-shell structure, the shell can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the core.

[0189] Examples of the shell of the quantum dot QD-C may include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds and / or combinations thereof. Examples of metal or non-metal oxides may include binary compounds such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 and / or NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 and / or CoMn 2 O 4 ; and / or combinations thereof. As described in the present description, examples of semiconductor compounds may include III-VI semiconductor compounds; II-VI semiconductor compounds; III-V semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; and / or combinations thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS 2 , GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., and / or combinations thereof.

[0190] Each element included in the polynary compound (such as a binary compound and / or a ternary compound) may be present in the particles in a substantially uniform concentration or a substantially non-uniform concentration. For example, the chemical formula refers to the type (kind) of elements included in the compound, and the ratio of elements in the compound may be different.

[0191] The quantum dot QD-C may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission wavelength spectrum of about 45 nm or less, about 40 nm or less, or about 30 nm or less. Within this range, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. In one or more embodiments, the light emitted via such a quantum dot QD-C is configured to emit in all directions, and the light viewing angle may be improved. In one or more embodiments, the type or kind of quantum dot QD-C may be spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates, etc.

[0192] By controlling the size of the quantum dot QD-C or controlling the ratio of elements in the compound constituting the quantum dot QD-C, the energy band gap can be controlled or selected, and one or more suitable wavelength bands of light can be obtained from the emission layer EML including the quantum dot QD-C. Therefore, by utilizing such a quantum dot QD-C (by utilizing quantum dots with different sizes or controlling the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound in different ways), the light-emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c can emit one or more suitable wavelengths of light. For example, the size of the quantum dot QD-C or the ratio of elements in the compound constituting the quantum dot QD-C can be selected to emit red light, green light, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, a quantum dot QD-C can be provided to combine one or more suitable emission colors to emit white light.

[0193] Figure 6 is a diagram showing a metal nanoparticle NP according to one or more embodiments. The metal nanoparticle NP of the embodiment may include a core MC and a ligand LD bonded to the core MC. Figure 6 In one or more embodiments, five ligands LD are exemplary, and the number of ligands LD is not limited thereto. Figure 6 The bonding position of the ligand LD shown in is exemplary, and one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a metal oxide. The core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a quaternary metal oxide composed of four components. The core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a metal oxide composed of zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), a first component and oxygen (O). The first component may be a component having a standard reduction potential higher than the standard reduction potential of zinc. By providing a first component having a standard reduction potential higher than the standard reduction potential of zinc, the intrinsic defects of the core MC can be eliminated.

[0195] The first component may include sodium (Na) or lithium (Li). For example, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a tetravalent metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen. Differently, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a tetravalent metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, lithium and oxygen.

[0196] The core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a metal oxide represented by Formula M-1. Formula M-1 may consist of zinc, magnesium, a first component, and oxygen.

[0197] Formula M-1

[0198] Zn x1 Mg y1 Q z1 O

[0199] In Formula M-1, Q may be Na or Li. Q may correspond to the above-mentioned first component.

[0200] The sum of x1, y1, and z1 may be 1. For example, x1+y1+z1=1 may be satisfied. x1 may be a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 may be a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 may be a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3.

[0201] In comparable metal nanoparticles, the core may include zinc oxide (ZnO) or zinc magnesium oxide (ZnMgO). ZnO and ZnMgO include zinc vacancies (V Zn ), and these defects induce exciton quenching and substantially non-uniform injection of holes / electrons. Therefore, comparable metal nanoparticles with zinc oxide as the core reduce the life span and efficiency of the light-emitting element.

[0202] In addition, if zinc oxide and zinc magnesium oxide are exposed to oxygen and / or moisture, a reverse reaction may be induced, and gelation or agglomeration may occur due to the short distance between particles. Therefore, the discharge stability and stability over time of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide may be reduced, and it may be inappropriate to provide by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0203] In contrast, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP of one or more embodiments includes the first component (i.e., sodium or lithium), and the intrinsic defects of the core MC can be eliminated or reduced. Due to the elimination of the defect points of the first component, the light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) life and efficiency. Therefore, the light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D) can show excellent or suitable light efficiency and lifespan. In one or more embodiments, because the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments include ligands LD bonded to the core MC, gel and agglomeration can be prevented or reduced, and excellent or suitable stability over time and discharge stability can be shown.

[0204] The ligand LD of the metal nanoparticle NP may be derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. The ionic compound represented by Formula 1 may include Na + and O that constitutes the glycolate portion - .

[0205] Formula 1

[0206]

[0207] In formula 1, R 1 It can be a directly attached or unsubstituted methylene group. 2 and R 3 Can be directly linked, -O-*, or substituted or unsubstituted methylene. For example, from R 2 and R 3 At least one selected therefrom may be directly linked, and the rest may be -O-*, an unsubstituted methylene group, or a methylene group substituted with a hydroxyl group.

[0208] n1 can be an integer from 1 to 5. In Formula 1, + Adjacent to R 1 Directly bonded O - , carbonyl (C=O) and the other end (e.g., the opposite end) -OCH 3 The -O- in the can constitute the glycolate portion.

[0209] Formula 1 can be represented by Formula 1-1 or Formula 1-2. Formula 1-1 represents R in Formula 1 1 This is the case of direct connection. Formula 1-2 shows that R 1 This is the case of an unsubstituted methylene group.

[0210] Formula 1-1

[0211]

[0212] Formula 1-2

[0213]

[0214] In formula 1-1 and formula 1-2, n1, R 2 and R 3The same contents explained in Formula 1 may apply. For example, the metal nanoparticles NP of one or more embodiments may include a ligand LD derived from an ionic compound represented by at least one selected from 1-A to 1-C. The ionic compound represented by Formula 1-B may represent a sodium glycolate-(2-methoxyethyl) complex.

[0215]

[0216] Reference Figure 6 , the ligand LD may include a first ligand LD1 and a second ligand LD2. The ligand LD derived from the ionic compound represented by Formula 1 may include a first ligand LD1 and a second ligand LD2, which are formed by dissociation of ionic bonds in the ionic compound of Formula 1. The first ligand LD1 may include Na + , the second ligand LD2 may include O of Formula 1 - For example, the second ligand LD2 may include O in Formula 1 - , and O - For example, the second ligand LD2 can be represented by Formula 2. Formula 2 can be represented by Na + One obtained by dissociation from the ionic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0217] Formula 2

[0218]

[0219] In formula 2, n1 and R 1 To R 3 The same as explained in Formula 1 can be applied.

[0220] In the metal nanoparticle NP, the first ligand LD1 and the second ligand LD2 may be bonded to the surface M_SF of the core MC, respectively. Figure 7 It is shown Figure 6 Enlarged view of the middle area XX'. Figure 7 In particular, the ligand LD is shown which is bonded to the surface M_SF of the core MC.

[0221] At the surface M_SF of the core MC, the metal oxide component included in the core MC may be exposed. As described above, in the metal nanoparticle NP, the core MC may include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, a first component and oxygen. At the surface M_SF of the core MC, zinc, magnesium and oxygen may be exposed, and the ligand LD may be bonded to at least one selected from the exposed zinc, magnesium and oxygen. The first ligand LD1 may be bonded to oxygen at the surface M_SF of the core MC. The second ligand LD2 may be bonded to at least one selected from zinc and magnesium at the surface M_SF of the core MC.

[0222] Each of zinc, magnesium, and oxygen exposed at the surface M_SF of the core MC may include a dangling bond. Figure 7 In the figure, the dangling bonds of zinc, magnesium and oxygen are respectively D- Mg D+ and Zn D+ The dangling bond is the outermost electron that does not participate in bonding and corresponds to the surface defect of the core MC, and the surface defect of the core MC can be eliminated by bonding with the ligand LD. + The first ligand LD1 can bind to the oxygen dangling bond (O D- ) combined with, and including O - The second ligand LD2 can bind to the zinc dangling bond (Zn D+ ) and magnesium dangling bonds (Mg D+ ) are selected from at least one combination. Figure 7 In the experiment, the second ligand LD2 is composed of O - -Gc represents, and this may correspond to what is described in Formula 2 above.

[0223] The metal nanoparticles NP in which the ligand LD is bonded to the surface M_SF of the core MC may not show gel and agglomeration, and show excellent or suitable stability over time and (charge) discharge stability. In one or more embodiments, in the method for manufacturing a display device of one or more embodiments (to be described in detail later), a composition COP ( Fig.13 ). Composition COP( Fig.13 ) may further include a first solvent CV in which the metal nanoparticles NP are dispersed ( Fig.13 ). Composition COP( Fig.13 ) will be described in detail later.

[0224] In one or more embodiments, based on about 100wt% of the total weight of the metal nanoparticle NP, the weight of the organic component present at the surface M_SF of the core MC can be about 15wt% to about 25wt%. In the description, the weight of the surface organic component refers to the weight of the organic component present at the surface M_SF of the core MC, and the weight of the surface organic component is measured by a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. The weight of the surface organic component may refer to the weight of the organic component at the surface M_SF of the core MC in the metal nanoparticle NP. The weight of the surface organic component may include the weight of the component constituting the ligand LD in the metal nanoparticle NP.

[0225] In the metal nanoparticles, if the weight of the surface organic component is less than about 15wt%, surface defects may not be eliminated or reduced, and the light efficiency and life of the light-emitting element including the metal nanoparticles may be reduced. In one or more embodiments, in the metal nanoparticles, if the weight of the surface organic component is less than about 15wt%, the dispersibility may be reduced, and the metal nanoparticles may not be dispersed in a solvent, and may not be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method. In the metal nanoparticles, if the weight of the surface organic component is greater than about 25wt%, the electron transport characteristics and the electron injection characteristics may be reduced. Differently, in one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles NP having a weight of the surface organic component of about 15wt% to about 25wt% may show excellent or suitable electron transport characteristics and electron injection characteristics, and the light-emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) can be improved in terms of light efficiency and lifetime. In one or more embodiments, metal nanoparticles NP having a weight of about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % of surface organic components can show excellent or suitable dispersibility relative to the solvent and can be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0226] In one or more embodiments, the absolute quantum efficiency of the metal nanoparticles NP may be about 10% or less. In the description, the absolute quantum efficiency is measured from metal nanoparticles in a liquid phase using the QE-2100 equipment of Otsuka Co. The absolute quantum efficiency is the emission efficiency generated in the visible light wavelength region according to the surface defects of the metal nanoparticles, and the larger the value, the larger the surface defects. In metal nanoparticles, if the surface defects increase, the light efficiency of the light-emitting element may decrease.

[0227] Metal nanoparticles having an absolute quantum efficiency of greater than about 10% have significant surface defects, and a light-emitting element including the metal nanoparticles having an absolute quantum efficiency of greater than about 10% induces exciton quenching and shows relatively low light efficiency. In one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles NP having an absolute quantum efficiency of about 10% or less have fewer (e.g., significantly fewer) surface defects, and can improve the light-emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b, and ED-c ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D )'s light efficiency.

[0228] The metal nanoparticles of the comparative example and the example are evaluated and shown in Table 1. For example, in Table 1, the absolute quantum efficiency, the photoluminescence reduction ratio, the weight of the surface organic component, and the average particle size over time for the metal nanoparticles, the composition including the metal nanoparticles, and the light-emitting element manufactured using the composition including the metal nanoparticles are evaluated and shown.

[0229] The absolute quantum efficiency is measured by providing metal nanoparticles in a liquid phase and is measured using QE-2100 equipment from Otsuka Corporation. If the metal nanoparticles are coated on the emission layer, the photoluminescence (PL) reduction ratio shows the photoluminescence reduction ratio produced in a single layer of the reference example (Ref.), which includes only the emission layer. The reference example does not include metal nanoparticles and includes only quantum dots configured to generate green light. The comparative example and the example include an emission layer and an electron transport layer, metal nanoparticles are included in the electron transport layer, and quantum dots configured to emit green light are included in the emission layer as in the reference example. If the surface defects of the metal nanoparticles increase, it can be shown that the photoluminescence reduction ratio increases, and the light efficiency and life of the light-emitting element decrease.

[0230] The emission layer of the reference example uses InP as quantum dots, is configured to emit green light, and the InP is dispersed in a solvent and coated to approximately Then, the solvent was dried by heating at about 140° C. for about 10 minutes to form (or provide) an emission layer, and the photoluminescence intensity was measured using a FluoroMaxPlus device. In the comparative examples and examples, an electron transport layer including metal nanoparticles and an emission layer including InP were formed by the same method as that for forming (or providing) the emission layer of the reference example, and the photoluminescence intensity was measured using a FluoroMaxPlus device.

[0231] The weight of the surface organic component is measured by thermogravimetric analysis. The average particle size is measured by providing metal nanoparticles and measuring the particle size after 0 days, 3 days, 5 days or 14 days using dynamic light scattering. The average particle size after 0 days means the average particle size of the metal nanoparticles measured immediately after providing the metal nanoparticles.

[0232] The metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium and oxygen as a core, and do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. The metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 2 include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen as a core, and do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. The metal nanoparticles of Example 1 include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen as a core, and a first ligand and a second ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1-B above as ligands. The metal nanoparticles of Example 1 include sodium as a first component.

[0233] In Table 1, the average particle size (or particle diameter) of the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 after 3 days was about 300 nanometers (nm). The average particle size of the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 2 after 5 days was about 300 nm. The average particle size of the metal nanoparticles of Example 1 after 14 days was about 13.2 nm.

[0234] [Table 1]

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] Referring to Table 1, it can be found that Example 1 shows an absolute quantum efficiency of about 10% or less and a relatively small photoluminescence reduction ratio. Example 1 includes the metal nanoparticles according to one or more embodiments, and the metal nanoparticles in Example 1 include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen as a core, and a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. Therefore, it can be found that the light-emitting element including the metal nanoparticles of one or more embodiments shows excellent or appropriate light efficiency and lifespan.

[0238] In one or more embodiments, it can be found that in Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1, the weight of the surface organic component is about 15 wt % to about 25 wt %, and good or suitable. In one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles having a weight of about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % of the surface organic component can show excellent or suitable dispersibility, and excellent or suitable electron injection characteristics / electron transport characteristics.

[0239] Referring to the average particle size in Table 1, it can be found that the difference in average particle size after 0 days and after 14 days is relatively small in Example 1. For example, in Example 1, the metal nanoparticles did not gel and agglomerate, and showed excellent or appropriate stability over time and discharge stability. Metal nanoparticles showing excellent or appropriate stability over time can be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0240] In one or more embodiments, the average particle size of the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 increases by about 20 times or more after 3 days, and the average particle size of the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 2 increases by about 20 times or more after 5 days, which indicates that the average particle size increases due to agglomeration of the particles. Without being bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and agglomeration of the particles occurs because the distance between the particles is short. If a composition including metal nanoparticles is provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method, modified metal nanoparticles like this may be a factor in the reduction of discharge stability.

[0241] Figure 8 is a graph evaluating and showing the photoluminescence intensity for the comparative example and the example. Figure 8 is a graph showing normalized intensity of photoluminescence intensity in the visible light wavelength region in the comparative example and the example, and shows relative values ​​(au: arbitrary unit) relative to the reference example (Ref.). The photoluminescence reduction ratio in Table 1 can be Figure 8 The values ​​in the graph are related.

[0242] Reference Figure 8 It can be found that Example 1 shows a high photoluminescence intensity compared to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. It can be found that Example 1 has a small photoluminescence reduction ratio compared to the reference example including only the emission layer. The metal nanoparticles of Example 1 include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen as a core and a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. Therefore, it can be found that the light-emitting element including the metal nanoparticles of one or more embodiments can show excellent or suitable light efficiency.

[0243] In one or more embodiments, Comparative Example 1 includes a metal oxide that does not include sodium as a core, and shows very low photoluminescence intensity and a high photoluminescence reduction ratio. The metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 do not include sodium and a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and the intrinsic defects and surface defects of the core cannot be eliminated or reduced, thereby showing very low photoluminescence intensity. The metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 2 do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and the surface defects cannot be eliminated or reduced, thereby showing very low photoluminescence intensity.

[0244] In Table 2, the light efficiency and life of the light emitting elements of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Example 1 in Table 1 are evaluated and shown. In Table 2, the light efficiency and life of the light emitting elements at about 1280 cd / m 2The light efficiency and lifespan at the brightness of the lamp are shown in Table 1. The lifespan is obtained by measuring the time (hours) consumed to reach approximately 90% of the initial brightness.

[0245] [Table 2]

[0246] Light efficiency (cd / A) Lifespan (T90, hours) Comparative Example 1 60.2 102 Comparative Example 2 76.0 250 Example 1 75.6 255

[0247] Referring to Table 2, it can be found that the light-emitting elements of Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 each show relatively high efficiency compared to the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1. It can be found that the light-emitting element of Example 1 shows a relatively long life compared to Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. In summary, the light-emitting element of Example 1 simultaneously (e.g., concurrently) shows the characteristics of high efficiency and long life. As described above, the light-emitting element of Example 1 includes the metal nanoparticles of one or more embodiments, and in Example 1, the metal nanoparticles include a core and a ligand bonded to the core. In the metal nanoparticles of Example 1, the core includes zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen, and a ligand derived from an ionic compound of Formula 1. Therefore, in one or more embodiments, metal nanoparticles including metal oxides composed of zinc, magnesium, sodium and oxygen and ligands bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound of Formula 1 can improve the efficiency and life of the light-emitting element.

[0248] In one or more embodiments, as described above, in Comparative Example 1, the metal nanoparticles include a ternary metal oxide that does not include sodium as a core, and do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. In Comparative Example 2, the metal nanoparticles include a quaternary metal oxide as a core, but do not include a ligand derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. Therefore, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 shows relatively low efficiency and a short lifespan, and Comparative Example 2 shows a relatively short lifespan.

[0249] The light emitting element of one or more embodiments may be manufactured by the method for manufacturing a light emitting element of one or more embodiments. Fig. 9 , Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments. Figures 11 to 13 FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a manufacturing operation of a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments. Figures 9 to 13 In the description of Figures 1 to 8 The contents repeated in the description will not be described again, and the differences will be mainly described.

[0250] refer to Fig. 9, the method for manufacturing a light emitting element of one or more embodiments may include an operation of forming (or providing) a first electrode on a base layer (S100), an operation of forming (or providing) at least one functional layer on the first electrode (S200), and an operation of forming (or providing) a second electrode on at least one functional layer (S300). Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B , the operation of forming (or providing) at least one functional layer (S200) may include the operation of providing quantum dots to form (or provide) an emission layer (S220), and the operation of providing metal nanoparticles to form (or provide) an electron transport region (S210 or S230-a). In one or more embodiments, the operation of forming at least one functional layer (S200) may further include the operation of forming (or providing) a hole transport region (S230 or S210-a).

[0251] refer to Fig. 10A In the operation (S200) of forming (or providing) at least one functional layer, the operation (S220) of forming (or providing) an emission layer may be performed after the operation (S210) of forming (or providing) an electron transport region, and the operation (S230) of forming (or providing) a hole transport region may be performed after the operation (S220) of forming (or providing) the emission layer. Fig. 10A compared to, Fig. 10B The difference is that the operation of forming (or providing) an emission layer (S220) is performed before the operation of forming (or providing) an electron transport region (S230-a), and the operation of forming (or providing) a hole transport region (S210-a) is performed before the operation of forming (or providing) an emission layer (S220).

[0252] The method for manufacturing a light emitting element of one or more embodiments may include an operation of preparing metal nanoparticles NP before the operation ( S210 or S230 - a ) of forming (or providing) an electron transport region. Fig.11 is a diagram schematically illustrating an operation of preparing metal nanoparticles NP.

[0253] The operation of preparing the metal nanoparticle NP may include an operation of preparing the core MC and an operation of providing the core MC with an ionic compound represented by Formula 1 to prepare the metal nanoparticle NP. By providing the ionic compound, the ligand LD may be bonded to the surface M_SF of the core MC. Fig.11 In the above, “step 1” may refer to an operation of providing an ionic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0254] In one or more embodiments, the core MC may include a metal oxide consisting of zinc, magnesium, a first component and oxygen. The first component may include sodium or lithium. The operation of preparing the core MC may include an operation of preparing a mixture including a zinc precursor, a magnesium precursor, a first precursor and a solvent, and an operation of providing the mixture with a third solvent including a hydroxyl group. The first component may be derived from a first precursor, and the first precursor may include a sodium precursor or a lithium precursor.

[0255] In the description, the zinc precursor is a material including zinc and a component chemically bonded to the zinc, and the chemically bonded component may refer to a component that is easily dissociated from the zinc. The magnesium precursor may be a material including magnesium and a component chemically bonded to the magnesium, and the chemically bonded component may refer to a component that is easily dissociated from the magnesium. The first precursor may be a material including a first component and a component chemically bonded to the first component, and the chemically bonded component may refer to a component that is easily dissociated from the first component. For example, each of the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor, and the first precursor may be provided as a salt type or species.

[0256] Each of the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor and the first precursor may include acetate ions or halogen ions. The halogen ions may include at least one selected from fluorine ions, bromide ions, chloride ions and iodine ions. Each of the acetate ions and the halogen ions may be chemically bonded to each of the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor and the first precursor. However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor and the first precursor, including materials that can be easily dissociated, may be used to prepare the core MC included in the metal nanoparticle NP.

[0257] The mixture may include a second solvent in which the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor, and the first precursor are dissolved. The second solvent may be a polar solvent. The second solvent may include water (H 2 However, one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and any polar solvent in which the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor, and the first precursor can be easily dissolved can be used as the second solvent without limitation.

[0258] For a mixture including a zinc precursor, a magnesium precursor, a first precursor and a second solvent, a third solvent including a hydroxyl group may be provided. The third solvent may include at least one selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, trimethylammonium hydroxide (TMAM) and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). In one or more embodiments, ethanol may be provided together with the third solvent. Then, a core MC including a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, a first component and oxygen may be formed. The first component may include sodium and lithium.

[0259] For the core MC thus formed, an ionic compound represented by Formula 1 may be provided. The surface M_SF of the core MC may be treated with the ionic compound. Thus, the ligand LD may be bonded to the surface M-SF by reacting with zinc, magnesium, and oxygen exposed on the surface M_SF of the core MC. The operation of reacting the ionic compound with the surface M_SF of the core MC may be performed at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 100° C. After the ligand LD is bonded to the core MC, an excess of acetone and n-hexane may be provided to separate the metal nanoparticles NP from the product. The separated metal nanoparticles NP may be dispersed in a first solvent CV( Fig.13 ), and preparing a method for forming (or providing) an electron transport region ETR ( FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) of the composition COP( Fig.13 ).

[0260] Fig. 12A 2 is a diagram illustrating an operation of providing a composition COP on a first electrode EL1. The first electrode EL1 may be formed on a base layer BS. For example, the first electrode EL1 may be formed on a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the base layer BS. Fig. 12B is a diagram showing an operation of providing a composition COP on an emission layer EML. Fig. 12A compared to, Fig. 12B The difference is that the operation of forming (or providing) the emission layer EML is performed before the operation of providing the composition COP. Fig. 12A The preparation operation shown in Figure 5A and Figure 5B The light emitting elements ED and ED-a shown in FIG. Fig. 12B The preparation operation shown in Figure 5C and Figure 5D The light-emitting elements ED-b and ED-c are shown in FIG.

[0261] Reference Fig. 12B , the emission layer EML can be formed by providing a quantum dot composition including quantum dots QD-C. The quantum dot composition may include quantum dots QD-C and a solvent in which the quantum dots QD-C are dispersed. For example, the quantum dots QD-C may be dispersed in an organic solvent and provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0262] Fig.13 It is shown Fig. 12A , and may be a diagram schematically showing the COP of the composition. Hereinafter, the same explanation of the COP of the composition may (for example, simultaneously) be applied to Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B Both. In the following, reference will be made to Figures 11 to 13 Let’s explain together.

[0263] In one or more embodiments, the composition COP including metal nanoparticles NP may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method. In one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles NP may include a core MC and a ligand LD bonded to a surface M_SF of the core MC. The core MC may include a metal oxide represented by Formula M-1, and the ligand LD may include a first ligand LD1 and a second ligand LD2 derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1. The first ligand LD1 may include Na + , and the second ligand LD2 may include O - The first ligand LD1 may be bonded to oxygen at the core MC surface M_SF, and the second ligand LD2 may be bonded to at least one selected from zinc and magnesium at the core MC surface M_SF. The metal nanoparticles NP including the first ligand LD1 and the second ligand LD2 show excellent or suitable stability over time and discharge stability, and may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

[0264] exist Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B In the embodiment, the composition COP is provided through the nozzle NZ, but the providing device of the composition COP is not limited thereto. The composition COP having excellent or appropriate discharge stability and stability over time can be easily discharged without clogging the nozzle NZ.

[0265] refer to Fig.13 , the composition COP may include a first solvent CV in which metal nanoparticles NP are dispersed. The surface of the metal nanoparticles NP shows hydrophilicity, and a material showing hydrophilicity and smooth dispersion of the metal nanoparticles NP may be provided as the first solvent CV. The first solvent CV may be a material including an alkoxy group and a hydroxyl group. The first solvent CV may be a material including a material represented by Formula S-1.

[0266] Formula S-1

[0267]

[0268] In formula S-1, R 11 and R 12 Each of R and R can be independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and / or can be combined with an adjacent group to form (or provide) a ring. 11 It may be a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted methyl group, an unsubstituted ethyl group or an unsubstituted propyl group. 12 It may be an unsubstituted tert-butyl group, an ethyl group substituted by an oxy group, an unsubstituted isopentyl group, an unsubstituted ethyl group or a methyl group substituted by a phenyl group. 11 and R 12A ring may be formed (or provided) in combination. However, these are merely examples, and one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0269] The first solvent CV may include a material represented by at least one selected from S-11 to S-18. Formula S-1 may be represented by at least one selected from S-11 to S-18.

[0270]

[0271] The method for manufacturing a light-emitting element of one or more embodiments may include the operation of providing a composition including metal nanoparticles to form (or provide) an electron transport region, and the operation of providing quantum dots to form (or provide) an emission layer. The composition including metal nanoparticles may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method. The light-emitting element of one or more embodiments manufactured by the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element of one or more embodiments may include an electron transport region including metal nanoparticles and an emission layer including quantum dots. The display device of one or more embodiments may include the light-emitting element of one or more embodiments.

[0272] In one or more embodiments, the metal nanoparticles may include a core and a ligand bonded to the surface of the core. The core may include a metal oxide composed of zinc, magnesium, a first component (sodium or lithium), and oxygen, and the ligand may be derived from a metal oxide including Na + and O - Ionic compounds. It can prevent or reduce the + and O - The gel and agglomeration of the ligand metal nanoparticles derived from the ionic compound can be provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method. In one or more embodiments, in the metal nanoparticles including the first component and the core of the ligand derived from the ionic compound, intrinsic defects and surface defects can be eliminated or reduced, and the light efficiency and life of the light emitting element can be improved.

[0273] The light emitting element and the display device including the light emitting element of one or more embodiments include metal nanoparticles in which a ligand is bonded to a core, and can show high efficiency and long lifespan.

[0274] The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to one or more embodiments includes an operation of providing metal nanoparticles including a ligand, and may show excellent or appropriate manufacturing efficiency.

[0275] According to the light-emitting element, display device, electronic device, electronic equipment or any other related device or component of the embodiment of the present disclosure described in this article can be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application specific integrated circuit), software or a combination of software, firmware and hardware. For example, the various components of the device can be formed on an integrated circuit (IC) chip, or formed on a separate IC chip. In addition, the various components of the device can be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape carrier package (TCP), a printed circuit board (PCB), or formed on a substrate. In addition, the various components of the device can be processes or threads running on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, executing computer program instructions and interacting with other system components to perform the various functions described herein. Computer program instructions are stored in a memory, and the memory can be implemented in a computing device using a standard storage device (such as, for example, a random access memory (RAM)). Computer program instructions can also be stored in other non-temporary computer-readable media (such as, for example, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or a flash drive). In addition, those skilled in the art should recognize that, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the functions of various computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device may be distributed among one or more other computing devices.

[0276] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it should be understood that the present disclosure should not be limited to these embodiments, but a person skilled in the art may make one or more appropriate changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A light emitting element, wherein: The light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and at least one functional layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the at least one functional layer comprises an emission layer comprising quantum dots and an electron transport region comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles, Each of the plurality of metallic nanoparticles comprises: a core comprising a metal oxide consisting of zinc, magnesium, oxygen and a first component; and a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and The first component includes sodium or lithium: Formula 1 In formula 1, R1 is a directly connected or unsubstituted methylene group, R2 and R3 are each independently directly linked, -O-*, or a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and n1 is an integer from 1 to 5.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The metal oxide is represented by formula M-1: Formula M-1 Zn x1 Mg y1 Q z1 O, In formula M-1, Q is Na or Li, The sum of x1, y1 and z1 is 1, x1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.

3.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ligand includes Na comprising formula 1 + The first ligand and the O comprising formula 1 - The second ligand, Each of the first ligand and the second ligand is bonded to a surface of the core, The first ligand is bonded to oxygen at the surface, and The second ligand is bonded to at least one selected from zinc and magnesium at the surface.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The organic component present at the surface of the core may be present in an amount of about 15 to about 25 wt % based on 100 wt % of the total weight of the plurality of metal nanoparticles.

5. A method for manufacturing a light emitting element, wherein: The method comprises: providing a first electrode on the substrate layer; providing at least one functional layer on the first electrode; and providing a second electrode on the at least one functional layer, Wherein, the providing of the at least one functional layer comprises: providing quantum dots to provide an emissive layer; and providing a composition comprising a plurality of metal nanoparticles to provide an electron transport region, Each of the plurality of metallic nanoparticles comprises: a core comprising a metal oxide consisting of zinc, magnesium, oxygen and a first component; and a ligand bonded to the core and derived from an ionic compound represented by Formula 1, and The first component includes sodium or lithium: Formula 1 In formula 1, R1 is a directly connected or unsubstituted methylene group, R2 and R3 are each independently directly linked, -O-*, or a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group, and n1 is an integer from 1 to 5.

6. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein: The composition is provided by an inkjet printing method or a dispensing method.

7. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein: The composition further comprises a first solvent, the plurality of metal nanoparticles are dispersed in the first solvent, and The first solvent includes a material represented by Formula S-1: Formula S-1 In formula S-1, R 11 and R 12 Each is independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and / or combines with an adjacent group to provide a ring.

8. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein: The composition further comprises a first solvent, the plurality of metal nanoparticles are dispersed in the first solvent, and The first solvent includes a material represented by at least one selected from S-11 to S-18:

9. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein: preparing said plurality of metal nanoparticles prior to said providing of said composition, and The preparation of the plurality of metal nanoparticles comprises: preparing the core; and The core is provided with the ionic compound to prepare the plurality of metal nanoparticles in which the ligand is bonded to a surface of the core.

10. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 9, wherein: The preparation of the core comprises: preparing a mixture including a zinc precursor, a magnesium precursor, a first precursor, and a second solvent; and providing the mixture with a third solvent comprising a hydroxyl group, and The first precursor includes a sodium precursor or a lithium precursor.

11. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 10, wherein: Each of the zinc precursor, the magnesium precursor, and the first precursor includes acetate ions or halogen ions.

12. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 10, wherein: The second solvent includes at least one selected from water, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

13. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 10, wherein: The third solvent includes at least one selected from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, trimethylammonium hydroxide, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

14. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to claim 5, wherein: The metal oxide is represented by formula M-1: Formula M-1 Zn x1 Mg y1 Q z1 O, In formula M-1, Q is Na or Li, The sum of x1, y1 and z1 is 1, x1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.95, y1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.3, and z1 is a real number greater than 0 and at most 0.

3.

15. A display device, wherein: The display device comprises: Circuit layer; and A display element layer is on the circuit layer and includes a pixel defining layer and the light emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a pixel opening portion is defined in the display element layer.

Images