Display substrate and display device

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a display substrate and a display device, and is applied to the technical field of organic electroluminescence. The display substrate comprises a back plate, a first black matrix structure, a second black matrix structure, a first refraction layer, a second refraction layer and a pixel structure, and the refractive index of the second refraction layer is larger than that of the first refraction layer; the pixel structure is positioned on one side of the back plate; the first black matrix structure is located on the side, away from the backboard, of the pixel structure. The second black matrix structure is located on the side, away from the backboard, of the first black matrix structure. A first light outlet is formed between every two adjacent first black matrix structures; the first refraction layer is in contact with the first black matrix structure, and the first light outlet is filled with the first refraction layer; by arranging the high-refractive-index second refraction layer with the refractive index larger than that of the first refraction layer, the large-angle emergent light can be shielded by the second black matrix structure after being refracted by the second refraction layer, so that the large-angle light is prevented from being emitted, and the peep-proof effect of the screen is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of organic electroluminescence, and in particular to a display substrate and a display device. Background Art

[0002] An anti-peep screen is a screen that can meet the privacy needs of users. When users watch the content of the screen, they can see clear content from the front of the screen, but the screen content seen from the side or at an angle is blurred or cannot be displayed, thus preventing others from seeing the screen content from the side or behind. The main principle is to set a black matrix layer on the display substrate, which can block light at an oblique angle, thereby achieving an anti-peep effect on the screen.

[0003] However, this method is only applicable to anti-peeping within a certain viewing angle range. In actual applications, it is found that when the angle between the user's line of sight and the vertical direction of the screen is large, for example, greater than 45°, the user can still see relatively clear screen content, and the anti-peeping effect of the screen is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a display substrate and a display device to improve the anti-peeping effect of the screen. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a display substrate is provided, the display substrate comprising a backplane, a first black matrix structure, a second black matrix structure, a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer and a pixel structure, wherein the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer;

[0006] The pixel structure is located on one side of the backplane;

[0007] The first black matrix structure is located on a side of the pixel structure away from the backplane; the second black matrix structure is located on a side of the first black matrix structure away from the backplane; and a first light outlet is provided between two adjacent first black matrix structures;

[0008] The first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the first black matrix structure, and the first light outlet is filled with the first refraction layer; the first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the second refraction layer, and the second refraction layer is located on a side of the first refraction layer away from the back plate.

[0009] In a possible implementation, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, wherein a refractive index of the third refractive layer is less than a refractive index of the second refractive layer;

[0010] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0011] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the third refractive layer.

[0012] In one possible implementation,

[0013] A second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures;

[0014] The second refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the second refractive layer.

[0015] In one possible implementation,

[0016] The thickness of the second refractive layer is greater than or equal to 2 micrometers and less than or equal to 12 micrometers.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the display substrate further includes a fourth refractive layer, and the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer;

[0018] The fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, and a refractive index of the third refractive layer is smaller than a refractive index of the second refractive layer and a refractive index of the fourth refractive layer.

[0020] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0021] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer, and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0022] The fourth refraction layer is located on a side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate.

[0023] In a possible implementation, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, and a refractive index of the third refractive layer is smaller than a refractive index of the second refractive layer and a refractive index of the fourth refractive layer.

[0024] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0025] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer; and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0026] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the fourth refractive layer.

[0027] In a possible implementation, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a sixth refractive layer, and a refractive index of the sixth refractive layer is greater than a refractive index of the first refractive layer and a refractive index of the third refractive layer;

[0028] The sixth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0029] The sixth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the sixth refractive layer.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the display substrate further includes a fifth refractive layer, and a refractive index of the fifth refractive layer is smaller than refractive indexes of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer, and the sixth refractive layer;

[0031] The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the fourth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0032] The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the sixth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the sixth refractive layer close to the back plate.

[0033] In a possible implementation manner, the refractive index of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer, and the sixth refractive layer is greater than or equal to 1.6 and less than or equal to 1.9.

[0034] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a display device is provided, wherein the display device comprises a display panel, and the display panel comprises the display substrate described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application:

[0036] A display substrate and a display device provided in an embodiment of the present application, by arranging a high-refractive second refractive layer with a refractive index greater than that of the first refractive layer in the display substrate, can enable large-angle emitted light to be blocked by the second black matrix structure located on the side of the first black matrix structure away from the back plate after being refracted by the second refractive layer, thereby avoiding the emission of large-angle light without affecting the user's viewing of clear content on the front of the screen, thereby enhancing the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0037] Of course, implementing any product or method of the present application does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other embodiments can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure of a display substrate in the prior art;

[0040] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0041] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a first structure of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 4 A second structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 5 A third structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 6 A fourth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 7 A fifth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 8 A sixth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Fig. 9 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 8 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0048] Fig.10 A seventh structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.11 An eighth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig.12 A ninth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.13 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Figures 10 to 12 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0052] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light in the second refractive layer at different refractive indices provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Fig.15 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Fig.14 Schematic diagram of light output attenuation corresponding to the display substrate under different refractive indices;

[0054] Fig.16 A tenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the eleventh structure of the display substrate provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Fig.18 A twelfth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Fig.19 This is a thirteenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Fig. 20 This is a fourteenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Fig.21 A fifteenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Fig. 22 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Figures 16 to 21 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0061] Fig.23 A sixteenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Fig.24 A seventeenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Fig.25 This is a schematic diagram of the eighteenth structure of the display substrate provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Fig.26 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Figure 23 to Figure 25The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0065] Fig. 27 A nineteenth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Fig.28 Provided in the embodiments of this application Fig. 27 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0067] Fig.29 A twentieth structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] Fig.30 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Fig.29 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0069] Fig.31 A twenty-first structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Fig.32 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Fig.31 The schematic diagram of light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate is shown;

[0071] Fig.33 A twenty-second structural schematic diagram of a display substrate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] Fig.34 Provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 , Fig.33 The diagram shows the light attenuation corresponding to the display substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0074] AMOLED screens (Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode) and OLED screens (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) have the advantages of wide color gamut, high resolution, and individual control of each pixel. Their application range in terminal devices is expanding. For example, they can be used in mobile phones, laptops, car instrument displays, televisions, monitors and other devices.

[0075] As users' demands for privacy become higher and higher, an anti-peeping screen has emerged to meet users' privacy needs. In actual application scenarios, the anti-peeping screen allows observers at different angles to see different screen display effects. Users usually watch and operate the screen in the normal viewing direction. Therefore, the anti-peeping screen does not affect the visual effect of observers in the normal viewing direction; for observers with a wide viewing angle, for example, for observers who watch the anti-peeping screen at an angle of 40~80° to the normal viewing angle of the anti-peeping screen, the display effect of the screen display will be greatly reduced or even unable to see the screen display content.

[0076] The reason for the above visual difference is that the brightness difference between the normal viewing angle and the wide viewing angle of the privacy screen is huge, and there is basically no light coming through the wide viewing angle. However, in actual applications, it is found that under the wide viewing angle range, if the observer observes within the viewing angle range after the angle with the normal viewing angle of the screen is greater than 45°, the screen content can still be viewed relatively clearly. Take the privacy screen used in car products as an example. Figure 1 The diagram shows a partial hierarchical structure of a display substrate of a vehicle-mounted privacy screen, wherein in the pixel structure 101, the sub-pixel 1011 is used to emit light, the light is refracted by the refractive layer 102, and the black matrix structure can block the propagation of light. Figure 1 The main way to achieve anti-peeping on the display substrate shown is to arrange a double-layer or multi-layer black matrix structure to absorb excess light at a large viewing angle, and there is no BM (Black Matrix) blocking at a normal viewing angle, and the light outlets between the BMs are filled with a transparent refractive layer. Figure 1 As shown, among the light emitted by the pixel structure, the wide-viewing angle light can enter the refractive layer through the light exit ports between the first black matrix structures 104 closer to the back panel 103, and the second black matrix structure 105 farther from the back panel can block a part of the wide-viewing angle light, but some wide-viewing angle light can still be emitted through the light exit ports between the second black matrix structures.

[0077] Taking red light as an example, Figure 2 The figure shows the attenuation of the detected light as the viewing angle (degrees) changes, L-decay (luminance decay, attenuation length). Figure 2 It can be seen that even for Figure 1 The structure of the display substrate shown in the figure is optimized for devices and BM (adjusting the material, thickness and other parameters of the black matrix structure). In a field of view greater than or equal to 45°, about 6% to 10% of the light still leaks out. Therefore, when observing in a large field of view, the display content on the screen can still be viewed, making the screen's anti-peeping effect poor. It should be noted that the angles mentioned in this application are the angles between the viewer and the screen's normal viewing angle. When the user views the screen in the normal viewing angle direction of the screen, the angle is 0.

[0078] In order to solve at least one of the above problems, a first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a display substrate, the display substrate comprising: Figure 3 The structure shown, wherein the display substrate includes a backplane 103, a first black matrix structure 104, a second black matrix structure 105, a first refraction layer 301, a second refraction layer 302 and a pixel structure 101, wherein the refractive index of the second refraction layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refraction layer.

[0079] In practical applications, the refractive index of the first refractive layer can be Figure 1 In the related art, the refractive index of the refractive layers is the same. In one example, the refractive index of the first refractive layer is 1.53. The refractive index of the second refractive layer may be in the range of 1.6 to 1.9, for example, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be 1.6, 1.65, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, etc.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, the pixel structure is located on one side of the backplane; wherein the pixel structure is used to emit light. In actual applications, the refractive index of the pixel structure is different from the refractive index of the first refractive layer. Therefore, when the light enters the first refractive layer, refraction will occur. In the embodiments of the present application, when the light enters the first refractive layer from the pixel structure, refraction will occur. To facilitate the observation of the refraction of the light between the refractive layers, the refraction changes of the light between the pixel structure and the first refractive layer are not shown in the figure.

[0081] The pixel structure may be composed of multiple functional layers. In one example, the pixel structure may be composed of Figure 3The figure includes a pixel definition layer 1012 (Pixel Definition Layer, PDL), a first inorganic encapsulation layer 1013 (Chemical Vapor Deposition, CVD), an organic encapsulation layer 1014 (Build-up Multilayer Board, UP), and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 1015. The pixel definition layer has a plurality of pixel openings, each of which corresponds to a sub-pixel 1011, and the sub-pixels are used to emit light of different colors. In an example, the sub-pixels can emit red light, green light, or blue light. The first inorganic encapsulation layer, the organic encapsulation layer, and the second inorganic encapsulation layer constitute the internal encapsulation structure of the display substrate. The first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer are mainly used for water and oxygen barrier to prevent water vapor in the air from entering the interior of the display substrate and affecting the life of the light-emitting device. The organic encapsulation layer is arranged between the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer to bear the stress of the two and play a flattening role.

[0082] In one example, the first inorganic encapsulation layer and the second inorganic encapsulation layer can be prepared by one or more materials such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, etc., and can be generated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), sputtering, atomic vapor deposition, vacuum evaporation, flash evaporation or transfer. In another example, the organic encapsulation layer can be prepared by inkjet printing, screen printing or dispensing. In actual application, the composition, refractive index, thickness and other parameters of each functional layer in the pixel structure can be determined according to actual business needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0083] The first black matrix structure is located on a side of the pixel structure away from the backplane; the second black matrix structure is located on a side of the first black matrix structure away from the backplane; and a first light outlet 303 is provided between two adjacent first black matrix structures.

[0084] The first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the first black matrix structure, and the first light outlet is filled with the first refraction layer; the first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the second refraction layer, and the second refraction layer is located on a side of the first refraction layer away from the back plate.

[0085] The first black matrix structure is used to block light, such as Figure 3As shown, there are multiple black matrix blocks on the side of the pixel structure away from the backplane, and the black matrix block is a first black matrix structure. There is a first light outlet between each two adjacent first black matrix structures, and the first light outlet is filled with a first refractive layer. When the light emitted by the pixel structure encounters the first black matrix structure, it will be blocked and cannot continue to propagate, but can enter the first refractive layer through the first light outlet for propagation. Moreover, the first light outlet overlaps with the positive projection position of the sub-pixel on the backplane, so the light emitted by the sub-pixel perpendicular to the backplane can enter the first refractive layer without hindrance, so that users who watch the display screen at a normal viewing angle can clearly see the screen display effect.

[0086] The first black matrix structure can block part of the wide-angle light from entering the first refractive layer. As for the wide-angle incident light that is not blocked, since the second refractive layer is also arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, the wide-angle light that is not blocked by the first black matrix block will be refracted by the second refractive layer. And since the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer, the wide-angle light will reduce the angle between the wide-angle light and the normal viewing angle after being refracted by the second refractive layer compared with the original wide-angle direction, so that it is more inclined to be emitted in the normal viewing direction, thereby preventing the wide-angle light from being emitted directly from the wide-angle angle.

[0087] The material of the first refractive layer and the second refractive layer can be gas or solid. In one example, the material of the first refractive layer and / or the second refractive layer is gas such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or sulfur hexafluoride, or transparent solid such as nylon, polypropylene, acrylic or polyethylene. The material of the first refractive layer and the second refractive layer can be the same or different, but their densities need to be different to ensure that the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer.

[0088] The second black matrix structure and the second refractive layer are both located on the side of the first black matrix structure away from the backplane. In one example, the second refractive layer can be located on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the backplane, or on the side of the second black matrix structure away from the backplane, or at the same height as the second black matrix structure. Figure 3 As shown, the second refractive layer is located on the side of the second black matrix structure away from the back plate, and a second light outlet 304 is provided between each two adjacent second black matrix structures. When the wide viewing angle light propagates in the first refractive layer, it is refracted at the contact portion between the first refractive layer and the second refractive layer, so that the light originally emitted at the wide viewing angle is refracted in the normal viewing direction, thereby preventing the display content of the screen from being viewed in the wide viewing angle range, and improving the anti-peeping effect of the display substrate.

[0089] By using the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a second refractive layer with a refractive index greater than the first refractive layer is arranged in contact with the first refractive layer on the side away from the back plate, so that the wide viewing angle light that is not blocked by the first black matrix structure can be refracted again, and because the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than that of the first refractive layer, the light can be refracted in a direction perpendicular to the display substrate (i.e., the normal viewing angle direction) during the refraction. Through the multi-layer blocking of the first black matrix structure and the second refractive layer, the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction can be greatly reduced, so that the observer in the wide viewing angle direction cannot normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0090] In a possible implementation manner, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application further includes a third refractive layer, wherein the refractive index of the third refractive layer is less than the refractive index of the second refractive layer;

[0091] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0092] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the third refractive layer.

[0093] like Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the second refractive layer is located on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate, that is, the second refractive layer is located between the second black matrix structure and the first black matrix structure. The third refractive layer 401 has a refractive index lower than that of the second refractive layer, and is used to fill the gap between the second refractive layer and the second black matrix structure and the second light outlet. The refractive index of the third refractive layer can be the same as or different from the refractive index of the first refractive layer. In an example, the refractive index of the third refractive layer is 1.53, 1.5 or 1.55, etc. Similarly, the material of the third refractive layer can be the same as or different from the material of the first refractive layer and the second refractive layer.

[0094] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, the first black matrix structure, the second refractive layer and the second black matrix structure can all block the light with a wide viewing angle. Through multi-layer wide viewing angle light filtering, the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction can be greatly reduced, so that observers in the wide viewing angle direction cannot normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0095] In a possible implementation manner, in the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures;

[0096] The second refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the second refractive layer.

[0097] In one example, the second refractive layer and the second black matrix structure are located at the same level. Figure 7 As shown, the second refractive layer fills the second light outlet and has the same thickness as the second black matrix structure. Figure 7 When the light is at the second light outlet as shown, its original propagation direction will be refracted to a direction close to the normal viewing angle, thereby preventing observers at a large viewing angle from viewing the display content of the screen.

[0098] In another example, Figure 8 As shown, the second refractive layer is located on the side of the second black matrix structure away from the back plate, and the second light outlet is filled with the second refractive layer. Figure 7 The display substrate of the structure shown is the same. Figure 8 The second refractive layer can also refract the original wide-viewing angle propagation direction of the light to a direction close to the normal viewing angle, thereby preventing observers at a wide viewing angle from viewing the display content of the screen.

[0099] And because Figures 3 to 8 In the display substrate of the structure, the first light outlet, the second light outlet and the orthographic projection position of the sub-pixel on the backplane overlap. For users who watch the screen at a normal viewing angle, the light emitted at the normal viewing angle will not be refracted. Figures 3 to 8 The display substrate of the structure does not affect the viewing effect at the normal viewing angle.

[0100] like Fig. 9 Shown Figures 3 to 8 The display substrates in the related art are the corresponding display substrates, which are the schematic diagrams of light attenuation detected under a wide viewing angle of 0-75°. Fig. 9 It can be found that in the embodiment of the present application, by adding a second refractive layer with a refractive index greater than that of the first refractive layer, the leakage of light at a large viewing angle can be significantly reduced, thereby enhancing the anti-peeping effect of the screen. Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen from the corresponding light attenuation curve that the closer the second refractive layer is to the first black matrix structure, the better the effect of improving light leakage at a wide viewing angle is.

[0101] By using the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a second refractive layer with a refractive index greater than the first refractive layer is arranged in contact with the first refractive layer on the side away from the back plate, so that the wide viewing angle light that is not blocked by the first black matrix structure can be refracted again, and because the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than that of the first refractive layer, the light can be refracted in a direction perpendicular to the display substrate (i.e., the normal viewing angle direction) during the refraction. Through the multi-layer blocking of the first black matrix structure, the second black matrix structure and the second refractive layer, the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction can be greatly reduced, so that the observer in the wide viewing angle direction cannot normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0102] In practical applications, the wide viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate can be improved by changing the thickness and / or refractive index of the second refractive layer. In one example, the thickness of the second refractive layer can be in the range of 2-12 microns. In another example, taking the second refractive layer being located on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the backplane as an example, Fig.10 , Fig.11 , Fig.12 Schematic diagrams of the optical path when the thickness of the second refractive layer is changed from 2 microns to 4 microns, 8 microns, and 12 microns, respectively. The dotted line is a schematic diagram of the optical path when the thickness of the second refractive layer is 2 microns, and the solid line is a schematic diagram of the optical path after the thickness of the second refractive layer is changed.

[0103] Fig.13 The thickness of the second refractive layer is 2 micrometers, 4 micrometers, 8 micrometers, and 12 micrometers, and the corresponding display substrate in the related art is detected. The attenuation diagram of the light output under a wide viewing angle of 0-75° varies with the viewing angle. Fig.13 It can be seen that the greater the thickness of the second refractive layer, the better the effect of improving light leakage at a wide viewing angle.

[0104] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, the light leakage effect of the display substrate at a wide viewing angle can be further improved by changing the thickness of the second refractive layer, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide viewing angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0105] In a possible implementation manner, the refractive index of the second refractive layer may be changed to improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate. Fig.14 The figure shows the optical path of the wide viewing angle light when the second refractive layer is at different refractive indices. For each refracted light, from left to right, the refracted light is when the refractive index of the second refractive layer is 1.6, 1.81, and 1.90. Fig.15The diagram shows the attenuation of light output at a wide viewing angle of 0-75° when the refractive index of the second refractive layer is 1.6, 1.81, and 1.90 respectively, and the attenuation diagram of light output at a wide viewing angle of 0-75° in the related art as the viewing angle changes. Fig.15 It can be seen that the greater the refractive index of the second refractive layer, the greater the angle at which the light is deflected, and the better the effect of improving the large viewing angle light leakage of the display substrate. When the screen is observed in a range greater than 25°, the detectable light output is almost 0.

[0106] In practical applications, the wide viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate can also be improved by combining the thickness and refractive index of the second refractive layer. The display substrate of the embodiment of the present application can further improve the light leakage effect of the display substrate at a wide viewing angle by changing the refractive index of the second refractive layer, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide viewing angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0107] In a possible implementation, the number of refractive layers with a higher refractive index may be increased to improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate. In one example, the display substrate further includes a fourth refractive layer, the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer being greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer;

[0108] The fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate.

[0109] like Fig.16 As shown, the fourth refractive layer 1601 is located on the side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate, and the wide viewing angle light can be blocked by the second black matrix structure after being refracted by the second refractive layer. In practical applications, the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer can be the same as or different from the refractive index of the second refractive layer. However, in the case where the second black matrix structure cannot block the wide viewing angle light after being refracted by the second refractive layer, the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer can be set to be greater than the refractive index of the second refractive layer, so that the wide viewing angle light that cannot be blocked by the second black matrix structure will be refracted once when entering the fourth refractive layer, so that the wide viewing angle light is refracted in the positive viewing angle direction, thereby reducing the light leaking from the wide viewing angle direction.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure the wide viewing angle improvement effect of the display substrate, the second refractive layer can be arranged on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate, so as to facilitate the third refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer to be arranged on the side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate. Among them, the fourth refractive layer can be located on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate or away from the back plate, and the details can be referred to the subsequent embodiments.

[0111] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of refractive layers having a higher refractive index than the first refractive layer are arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, so that the wide-viewing angle light can be refracted multiple times, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide-viewing angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide-viewing angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0112] In a possible implementation, the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the second black matrix structure close to the backplane, and the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, the refractive index of the third refractive layer is smaller than the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer.

[0113] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0114] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer, and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0115] The fourth refraction layer is located on a side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate.

[0116] like Fig.17 , Fig.18 , Fig.19 As shown, the second refraction layer, the third refraction layer and the fourth refraction layer are all located between the first black matrix structure and the second black matrix structure. After the wide-angle light that is not blocked by the first black matrix structure enters the first refraction layer, it undergoes multi-layer refraction by the second refraction layer, the third refraction layer and the fourth refraction layer, so that the wide-angle light can finally be blocked by the second black matrix structure.

[0117] In practical applications, the refractive index of the third refractive layer may be the same as or different from the refractive index of the first refractive layer, but must be lower than the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer. Similarly, the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer may be the same as or different from the refractive index of the second refractive layer. In one example, the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer are both within the range of 1.6-1.9. Similar to the above embodiment, the materials of the first refractive layer, the second refractive layer, the third refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer may be the same or different, but the density of the materials must ensure that the refractive index of each refractive layer is within its corresponding refractive index range.

[0118] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of refractive layers having a refractive index higher than that of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer are arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, so that the wide-viewing-angle light can be refracted multiple times, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide-viewing-angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide-viewing-angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0119] In a possible implementation, the fourth refractive layer may be located on a side of the second black matrix structure away from the back plate. In one example, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures. The display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, and a refractive index of the third refractive layer is less than a refractive index of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer.

[0120] The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0121] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer; and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0122] The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the fourth refractive layer.

[0123] like Fig. 20 , Fig.21 The diagram shows a light path diagram when the fourth refractive layer is located at the same level as the second black matrix structure or at a side away from the back plate. Fig. 20 and Fig.21 In the embodiment, the wide viewing angle light incident on the first refraction layer is blocked by the second black matrix structure after being refracted by the second refraction layer and the third refraction layer. When the wide viewing angle light is incident on the fourth refraction layer, the wide viewing angle light will be refracted in the normal viewing angle direction because the refractive index of the fourth refraction layer is greater than that of the third refraction layer, thereby preventing the light from leaking out in the wide viewing angle direction.

[0124] Fig. 22 Shown is the pair Figure 16-Figure 21 The display substrate shown in the figure and the display substrate in the related art are used to detect the light attenuation under a large viewing angle W. Fig. 22 It can be seen that the arrangement of multiple high-refractive index refractive layers (second refractive layer, fourth refractive layer) with a higher refractive index than the first refractive layer can significantly improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate compared to the prior art. And the closer the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer are arranged to the first black matrix structure, the better the wide-viewing angle light leakage improvement effect of the display substrate. Fig. 22 As shown, at a viewing angle greater than 20°, almost no light leaks out.

[0125] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of refractive layers having a refractive index higher than that of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer are arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, so that the wide-viewing-angle light can be refracted multiple times, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide-viewing-angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide-viewing-angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0126] In a possible implementation manner, the number of refractive layers with higher refractive indices may be further increased on the basis of the above embodiment. In one example, a second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a sixth refractive layer, and the refractive index of the sixth refractive layer is greater than the refractive indices of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer;

[0127] The sixth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0128] The sixth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the sixth refractive layer.

[0129] like Fig.23 and Fig.24 As shown, the fourth refractive layer is located on the side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate, and the sixth refractive layer 2301 is located on the side of the second black matrix structure away from the back plate. Similarly, the refractive index of the sixth refractive layer is the same as or different from the refractive index of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer, but must be greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer. In an example, the refractive indices of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer, and the sixth refractive layer are all in the range of 1.6-1.9. In order to improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage improvement effect of the display substrate, the refractive index of the sixth refractive layer can be set to be greater than the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer, so that the wide-viewing angle light that is not blocked by the second black matrix structure can be refracted in the positive viewing angle direction when entering the sixth refractive layer through the second light outlet.

[0130] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of refractive layers having a refractive index higher than that of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer are arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, so that the wide-viewing-angle light can be refracted multiple times, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide-viewing-angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide-viewing-angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0131] In a possible implementation, the display substrate further includes a fifth refractive layer, and a refractive index of the fifth refractive layer is smaller than refractive indexes of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer, and the sixth refractive layer;

[0132] The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the fourth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate;

[0133] The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the sixth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the sixth refractive layer close to the back plate.

[0134] The display substrate further includes a fifth refractive layer 2501, such as Fig.25 As shown, after the light enters the first refractive layer, it is refracted by the second refractive layer, the third refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer and is blocked by the second black matrix structure. For the wide-angle light that is not blocked by the second black matrix structure, when it enters the sixth refractive layer of the second light outlet, since the refractive index of the sixth refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the fifth refractive layer, the wide-angle light can be refracted in the normal viewing direction.

[0135] Fig.26 For Figure 23-Figure 25 Schematic diagram of light attenuation at a large viewing angle W detected by a display substrate and a display substrate in the prior art, through Fig.26 It can be seen that, compared with the prior art, by stacking multiple refractive layers with high refractive index, the light leakage effect of the display substrate at a large viewing angle can be significantly improved.

[0136] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, a plurality of refractive layers (a second refractive layer, a fourth refractive layer, and a sixth refractive layer) with a relatively high refractive index are arranged on the side of the first refractive layer away from the back plate, so that the wide-viewing angle light can be refracted multiple times, thereby greatly reducing the light leaking from the wide-viewing angle direction, making it impossible for observers in the wide-viewing angle direction to normally view the display content of the screen, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, by providing a refractive layer with a different refractive index and a refractive index higher than that of the first refractive layer, the wide viewing angle light can be refracted toward the normal viewing angle direction, thereby improving the wide viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate. If only a high refractive index refractive layer is filled in the display substrate, the effect of multiple refractions cannot be achieved. Fig. 27 As shown, compared with the prior art, the second refractive layer is used to replace the first refractive layer, and the second refractive layer is arranged on the principle backplane side of the pixel structure. Then, the wide-viewing angle light is not refracted in the second refractive layer and still propagates along its original light emitting path. Fig.28 For Fig. 27 The light attenuation diagram obtained by light detection of the display substrate is shown in the figure. It can be seen that the application Fig. 27 The structure of the display substrate shown in the figure shows that between 50° and 70°, about 8% of the light still leaks out, and an observer observing the screen at a large viewing angle can still see the screen content.

[0138] In a possible implementation, the wide-viewing-angle light leakage effect of the display substrate may be improved by adjusting the distance between the first black matrix structure and the second black matrix structure, the length, and / or the thickness of the second black matrix structure.

[0139] like Fig.29 As shown, when the spacing between the first black matrix structure and the second black matrix structure is adjusted from 12 microns to 7 microns, the dotted black matrix structure is the position of the second black matrix structure when the spacing is 12 microns, and its optical path schematic diagram is shown in the figure, wherein the dotted line is the optical path schematic diagram corresponding to the display substrate of the prior art, and the solid line is the optical path schematic diagram corresponding to the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application after adjustment. Fig.30 for Fig.29 The schematic diagram of light attenuation of the display substrate shown in FIG. 1 and the display substrate of the prior art is shown in FIG. Fig.29 , Fig.30 It can be seen that adjusting the spacing between the first black matrix structure and the second black matrix structure can improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate. After 45°, the detectable light output is almost 0, but the increase in light output between 5-35° will make the front visual effect of the screen worse.

[0140] like Fig.31 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the light path after the length of the second black matrix structure is increased by 0.5 microns, and the dotted black matrix structure is the second black matrix structure after the length is increased, wherein the dotted line light is a schematic diagram of the light path corresponding to the display substrate of the prior art, and the solid line light is a schematic diagram of the light path corresponding to the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application after adjustment. Fig.32 for Fig.31 The schematic diagram of light attenuation of the display substrate shown in FIG. 1 and the display substrate of the prior art is shown in FIG. Fig.32 , Fig.31 It can be seen that increasing the length of the second black matrix structure can improve the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate. After 50°, the detectable light output is almost 0. However, the increased second black matrix structure part will also block the front light output of the pixel structure, which will reduce the front brightness of the display substrate, thereby increasing the power consumption of the display substrate.

[0141] like Fig.33 This is a schematic diagram of the light path after the thickness of the second black matrix structure is increased by 1 micron, wherein the dotted black matrix structure is the second black matrix structure after the thickness is increased, the dotted light is a schematic diagram of the light path corresponding to the display substrate of the prior art, and the solid light is a schematic diagram of the light path corresponding to the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application after adjustment. Fig.34 for Fig.33 The schematic diagram of light attenuation of the display substrate shown in FIG. 1 and the display substrate of the prior art is shown in FIG. Fig.34 , Fig.33It can be seen that increasing the thickness of the second black matrix structure can improve the light leakage effect of the display substrate at a large viewing angle, and the light output at a normal viewing angle and a small viewing angle is not affected.

[0142] By applying the display substrate of the embodiment of the present application, the wide-viewing angle light leakage effect of the display substrate can be improved by adjusting the spacing between the first black matrix structure and the second black matrix structure, the length and / or thickness of the second black matrix structure, thereby improving the anti-peeping effect of the screen.

[0143] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a display device is provided, wherein the display device comprises a display panel, and the display panel comprises the display substrate described in any one of the first aspects of the embodiments of the present application.

[0144] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0145] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the display device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the display substrate embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0146] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A display substrate, characterized in that: The display substrate comprises a backplane, a first black matrix structure, a second black matrix structure, a first refractive layer, a second refractive layer and a pixel structure, wherein the refractive index of the second refractive layer is greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer; The pixel structure is located on one side of the backplane; The first black matrix structure is located on a side of the pixel structure away from the backplane; the second black matrix structure is located on a side of the first black matrix structure away from the backplane; and a first light outlet is provided between two adjacent first black matrix structures; The first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the first black matrix structure, and the first light outlet is filled with the first refraction layer; the first refraction layer is arranged in contact with the second refraction layer, and the second refraction layer is located on a side of the first refraction layer away from the back plate.

2. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, wherein the refractive index of the third refractive layer is less than the refractive index of the second refractive layer; The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate; The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the third refractive layer.

3. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; The second refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the second refractive layer.

4. The display substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the second refractive layer is greater than or equal to 2 micrometers and less than or equal to 12 micrometers.

5. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The display substrate further includes a fourth refractive layer, the refractive index of the fourth refractive layer being greater than the refractive index of the first refractive layer; The fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate.

6. The display substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, the refractive index of the third refractive layer being smaller than the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer. The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate; The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer, and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate; The fourth refraction layer is located on a side of the second black matrix structure close to the back plate.

7. The display substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that: A second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a third refractive layer, the refractive index of the third refractive layer is smaller than the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer and the fourth refractive layer, The third refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second refractive layer, and the third refractive layer is located on a side of the second refractive layer away from the back plate; The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the third refractive layer; and the fourth refractive layer is located on a side of the third refractive layer away from the back plate; The fourth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the fourth refractive layer.

8. The display substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second light outlet is provided between two adjacent second black matrix structures; the display substrate further includes a sixth refractive layer, and the refractive index of the sixth refractive layer is greater than the refractive indexes of the first refractive layer and the third refractive layer; The sixth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate; The sixth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the second black matrix structure, and the second light outlet is filled with the sixth refractive layer.

9. The display substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The display substrate further includes a fifth refractive layer, the refractive index of the fifth refractive layer being smaller than the refractive indexes of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer and the sixth refractive layer; The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the fourth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the fourth refractive layer away from the back plate; The fifth refractive layer is arranged in contact with the sixth refractive layer, and the fifth refractive layer is located on a side of the sixth refractive layer close to the back plate.

10. The display substrate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The refractive indexes of the second refractive layer, the fourth refractive layer and the sixth refractive layer are greater than or equal to 1.6 and less than or equal to 1.

9.

11. A display device, characterized in that: The display device comprises a display panel, and the display panel comprises the display substrate according to any one of claims 1-10.

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