Techniques for combining digital pre-distortion with over-the-air signaling

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a UE can receive an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for transmitting a digital pre-distortion (DPD) measurement. The UE can receive an RS from a network node. The UE can transmit a first signal indicative of a DPD measurement observed at the first UE via an RS, the first signal being configured for air coherent combination with a second signal indicative of a DPD measurement observed at a second UE via an RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 932,516, filed on September 15, 2022, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR COMBINED DIGITAL PRE-DISTORTION WITH OVER-THE-AIR SIGNALING” and assigned to the assignee of this application. The disclosure of the prior application is considered a part of this patent application and is incorporated by reference into this patent application. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for combining digital predistortion with over-the-air signaling. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communications for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. The UE may communicate with the network nodes via downlink communications and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from a network node to a UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communications, such as via a local link (e.g., a sidelink (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, etc.).

[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, region, or global level. New Radio (NR), which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink, and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation to improve spectrum efficiency, reduce costs, improve services, utilize new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. Summary of the invention

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE). The method may include receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending a digital predistortion (DPD) measurement. The method may include receiving the RS from a network node. The method may include sending a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a first UE via the RS, the first signal being configured for over-the-air (OTA) coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include sending an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs by the multiple UEs. The method may include sending the RS to the multiple UEs. The method may include receiving the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating the DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a first UE for wireless communication. The first user equipment may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an indication of a configuration for receiving an RS and for sending a DPD measurement. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an RS from a network node. The one or more processors may be configured to send a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via an RS at a first UE, the first signal being configured to be OTA coherently combined with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via an RS at a second UE, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include: a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to send an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs by the multiple UEs. The one or more processors may be configured to send the RS to the multiple UEs. The one or more processors may be configured to receive the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating the DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a first UE. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive an indication of a configuration for receiving an RS and for sending a DPD measurement. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive an RS from a network node. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to send a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at the first UE via the RS, the first signal being configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at the second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a network node. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, can cause the network node to send an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by multiple UEs by the multiple UEs. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, can cause the network node to send RS to multiple UEs. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, can cause the network node to receive the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating DPD measurements observed at multiple UEs.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a first apparatus for wireless communication. The first apparatus may include components for receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving an RS and for sending a DPD measurement. The first apparatus may include components for receiving an RS from a network node. The first apparatus may include components for sending a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at the first apparatus via the RS, the first signal being configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a second apparatus via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for sending an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs by the multiple UEs. The apparatus may include means for sending the RS to the multiple UEs. The apparatus may include means for receiving the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs.

[0015] Aspects collectively include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the drawings and description and as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0016] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite extensively above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for the same purpose of achieving the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and methods of operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood according to the following description. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of limitations to the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to fully understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit of other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0018] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture supporting beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications according to the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of digital predistortion (DPD) of joint over-the-air (OTA) signaling according to the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6 is a diagram of an example associated with DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling according to the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example associated with DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling according to the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a first UE according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig. 9is a diagram illustrating an example process, for example, performed by a network node, according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.10 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.11 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such a device or method that is practiced using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0030] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0031] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or RATs beyond 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0032] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), one UE 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), and / or other entities. The network node 110 is an example of a network node that communicates with the UE 120. As shown, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, which means that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). For another example, the network node 110 may be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), which means that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0033] In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as an RU) that communicates with the UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a DU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a CU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, the network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. The network node 110 may include, for example, an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, or a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks, using any suitable transport network.

[0034] In some examples, the network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to a coverage area of ​​the network node 110 or a network node subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. The network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several thousand meters) and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may allow restricted access by a UE 120 associated with the femto cell (e.g., a UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1 In the example shown in , network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​a cell may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0035] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a converged base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions, such as those described herein in conjunction with the network node 110. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat the performance of at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions, but not another base station function. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0036] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that receives transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmits transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that is capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown, a network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120d to facilitate communications between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, or a relay, etc.

[0037] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, or relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, or different effects on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0038] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0039] UE 120 can be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. UE 120 can include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet device, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0040] Some UEs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, or location tags, which may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operably coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0041] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology or air interface. Frequency may also be referred to as a carrier or frequency channel. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0042] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0043] The devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various categories, bands, or channels by frequency or wavelength. For example, the devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “below 6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0044] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, currently exploring higher frequency bands to extend 5G NR operation to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designation FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0045] With these examples in mind, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, frequencies that may be within FR1, or frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, frequencies that may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, or frequencies that may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5) may be modified, and that the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0046] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may: receive an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending a digital predistortion (DPD) measurement; receive the RS from a network node; and send a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via the RS at a first UE, the first signal configured for over-the-air (OTA) coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via the RS at a second UE, the first signal and the second signal scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0047] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may: send to multiple UEs an indication of a configuration for receiving RSs and for sending DPD measurements, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending, by the multiple UEs, a signal indicating DPD measurements observed via the multiple UEs; send the RSs to the multiple UEs; and receive the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0048] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The examples described are different.

[0049] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a user equipment (UE) 120 in a wireless network 100. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as an antenna 234 and a modem 254. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include a radio frequency component that facilitates direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0050] At the network node 110, the transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from the data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may use one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120 to select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 using the MCS selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols to the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may also process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or up-convert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a to 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a to 234t).

[0051] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 or other network nodes 110, and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to a data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing.

[0052] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0053] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. An antenna panel, antenna group, set of antenna elements, or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or coupled to one or more transmit or receive components (such as Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components).

[0054] On the uplink, at the UE 120, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by a modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 280) and a memory 282 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to Figures 6 to 11 )Aspects of any process described in the process.

[0055] At the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component of the modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by the MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted via the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform operations described herein (e.g., with reference to Figures 6 to 11 )Aspects of any process described in the process.

[0056] In some aspects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs that may be communicated to other systems or components, such as the UE 120. For example, the processing system of the UE 120 may be a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120.

[0057] The processing system of UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of UE 120, may process information (such as input or signal) received from one or more other components, or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of UE 120 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second interface for outputting, sending, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between a processing system and a receiver of the chip or modem, so that UE 120 may receive information or signal input, and may pass information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between a processing system and a transmitter of the chip or modem, so that UE 120 may send information output from the chip or modem. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also obtain or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, send, or provide information.

[0058] In some aspects, controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs that may be passed to other systems or components, such as network node 110. For example, a processing system of network node 110 may be a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of network node 110.

[0059] The processing system of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information (such as input or signal) received from one or more other components, or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second interface for outputting, sending, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between a processing system and a receiver of the chip or modem, so that the network node 110 may receive information or signal input, and may pass information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between a processing system and a transmitter of the chip or modem, so that the network node 110 may send information output from the chip or modem. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also obtain or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, send, or provide information.

[0060] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or Figure 2 Any other component of the network node 110 may perform one or more techniques associated with DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or Figure 2 Any other component (or combination of components) may perform or direct, for example Figure 8 The process of 800 Fig. 9 900 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and memory 282 may include non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, or interpretation), may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 8 The process of 800 Fig. 9 The process 900 of and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0061] In some aspects, the first UE includes: a component for receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving an RS and for sending an indication of a DPD measurement; a component for receiving an RS from a network node; and / or a component for sending a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at the first UE via the RS, the first signal being configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at the second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources. The components for the first UE to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the communication manager 140, the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, the TX MIMO processor 266, the controller / processor 280, or the memory 282.

[0062] In some aspects, the network node includes: a means for sending an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs by the multiple UEs; a means for sending the RS to the multiple UEs. And / or a means for receiving the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating the DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs. The means for the network node to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: the communication manager 150, the transmit processor 220, the TX MIMO processor 230, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the controller / processor 240, the memory 242, or the scheduler 246.

[0063] Although Figure 2 The blocks in the 2000 and 2010 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above for these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described for the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0064] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The examples described are different.

[0065] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also called an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs or a combination thereof).

[0066] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and the like.

[0067] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a decomposed base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A decomposed base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a decomposed base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0068] Figure 33 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The decomposed base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310, which may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more decomposed control units (such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via an F1 interface. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0069] Each of the units (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units may include a wired interface and a wireless interface, the wired interface being configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, and the wireless interface being configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0070] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to transmit signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0071] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to a functional partition such as that defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0072] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low PHY layer functions (such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc.) based on functional splits (e.g., functional splits defined by 3GPP). In this architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle OTA communications with one or more UEs 120. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of communicating with the control plane and user plane of the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture such as a vRAN architecture.

[0073] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0074] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0075] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0076] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The examples described are different.

[0077] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example beamforming architecture 400 that supports beamforming for millimeter wave (mmW) communications in accordance with the present disclosure. In some aspects, the architecture 400 can implement aspects of the wireless network 100. In some aspects, the architecture 400 can be implemented in a transmitting device (e.g., a first wireless communication device, UE, or network node) and / or a receiving device (e.g., a second wireless communication device, UE, or network node), as described herein.

[0078] Broadly speaking, Figure 44 is a diagram illustrating example hardware components of a wireless communication device according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. The illustrated components may include those components that can be used for antenna element selection and / or for beamforming to transmit wireless signals. There are numerous architectures for antenna element selection and implementing phase shifting, only one example of which is illustrated here. Architecture 400 includes a modem (modulator / demodulator) 402, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 404, a first mixer 406, a second mixer 408, and a separator 410. Architecture 400 also includes a plurality of first amplifiers 412, a plurality of phase shifters 414, a plurality of second amplifiers 416, and an antenna array 418 including a plurality of antenna elements 420. In some examples, modem 402 may be combined with Figure 2 One or more of modem 232 or modem 254 are depicted.

[0079] Transmit lines or other waveguides, wires, and / or traces connecting the various components are shown to illustrate how signals to be transmitted travel between the components. Reference numerals 422, 424, 426, and 428 indicate areas in the architecture 400 where different types of signals travel or are processed. Specifically, reference numeral 422 indicates an area where digital baseband signals travel or are processed, reference numeral 424 indicates an area where analog baseband signals travel or are processed, reference numeral 426 indicates an area where analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals travel or are processed, and reference numeral 428 indicates an area where analog radio frequency (RF) signals travel or are processed. The architecture also includes a local oscillator A 430, a local oscillator B 432, and a controller / processor 434. In some aspects, the controller / processor 434 corresponds to the above in conjunction with Figure 2 The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110 and / or the above combination Figure 2 The controller / processor 280 of the UE 120.

[0080] Each antenna element 420 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving RF signals. For example, a single antenna element 420 may include a first sub-element that is cross-polarized with a second sub-element, which may be used to independently transmit a cross-polarized signal. Antenna element 420 may include a patch antenna, a dipole antenna, or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. The spacing between antenna elements 420 may allow signals having a desired wavelength transmitted individually by antenna elements 420 to interact or interfere (e.g., to form a desired beam). For example, given a desired wavelength or frequency range, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, half wavelength, or other fraction of a wavelength of the spacing between adjacent antenna elements 420 to allow interaction or interference of signals transmitted by individual antenna elements 420 within the desired range.

[0081] The modem 402 processes and generates a digital baseband signal, and may also control the operation of the DAC 404, the first mixer 406 and the second mixer 408, the splitter 410, the first amplifier 412, the phase shifter 414 and / or the second amplifier 416 to transmit the signal via one or more or all of the antenna elements 420. The modem 402 may process the signal and control the operation according to a communication standard (such as the wireless standard discussed herein). The DAC 404 may convert the digital baseband signal received (and to be transmitted) from the modem 402 into an analog baseband signal. The first mixer 406 uses the local oscillator A 430 to up-convert the analog baseband signal into an analog IF signal within the IF. For example, the first mixer 406 may mix the signal with an oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator A 430 to "move" the baseband analog signal to the IF. In some cases, some processing or filtering (not shown) may occur at the IF. The second mixer 408 uses the local oscillator B 432 to up-convert the analog IF signal to an analog RF signal. Similar to the first mixer, the second mixer 408 can mix the signal with the oscillating signal generated by the local oscillator B 432 to "move" the IF analog signal to the RF or frequency at which the signal will be transmitted or received. The modem 402 and / or the controller / processor 434 can adjust the frequency of the local oscillator A 430 and / or the local oscillator B 432 so that the desired IF and / or RF frequency is generated and used to facilitate the processing and transmission of the signal within the desired bandwidth.

[0082] In the illustrated architecture 400, the signal up-converted by the second mixer 408 is separated or copied into multiple signals by the separator 410. The separator 410 in the architecture 400 separates the RF signal into multiple identical or nearly identical RF signals. In other examples, separation can occur for any type of signal, including baseband signals, baseband analog or IF analog signals. Each of these signals may correspond to an antenna element 420, and the signal travels through amplifiers 412, 416, phase shifters 414 and / or other elements corresponding to the corresponding antenna elements 420 and is processed by these components to provide to the corresponding antenna element 420 of the antenna array 418 and be sent by the corresponding antenna element. In one example, the separator 410 can be an active separator connected to a power supply and provide a certain gain so that the RF signal leaving the separator 410 is at a power level equal to or greater than the signal entering the separator 410. In another example, the splitter 410 is a passive splitter that is not connected to a power source, and the RF signal exiting the splitter 410 may be at a lower power level than the RF signal entering the splitter 410 .

[0083] After being separated by the separator 410, the resulting RF signal can enter an amplifier (such as the first amplifier 412) or a phase shifter 414 corresponding to the antenna element 420. The first amplifier 412 and the second amplifier 416 are illustrated with dashed lines because in some aspects, one or both of them may not be necessary. In some aspects, the first amplifier 412 and the second amplifier 416 are both present. In some aspects, the first amplifier 412 and the second amplifier 416 are not present. In some aspects, one of the two amplifiers 412, 416 exists, but the other amplifier does not exist. By way of example, if the separator 410 is an active separator, the first amplifier 412 may not be used. By way of another example, if the phase shifter 414 is an active phase shifter that can provide gain, the second amplifier 416 may not be used.

[0084] The amplifiers 412, 416 can provide a desired level of positive gain or negative gain. Positive gain (positive dB) can be used to increase the amplitude of the signal radiated by a particular antenna element 420. Negative gain (negative dB) can be used to reduce the amplitude of the signal and / or suppress the radiation of the signal by a particular antenna element. Each of the amplifiers 412, 416 can be independently controlled (e.g., by the modem 402 or the controller / processor 434) to provide independent control for the gain of each antenna element 420. For example, the modem 402 and / or the controller / processor 434 may have at least one control line connected to each of the splitter 410, the first amplifier 412, the phase shifter 414, and / or the second amplifier 416, which can be used to configure the gain so as to provide a desired amount of gain for each component and therefore each antenna element 420.

[0085] Phase shifter 414 can provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset to the corresponding RF signal to be sent. Phase shifter 414 can be a passive phase shifter that is not directly connected to a power supply. Passive phase shifters may introduce some insertion losses. The second amplifier 416 can enhance the signal to compensate for the insertion loss. Phase shifter 414 can be an active phase shifter connected to a power supply so that the active phase shifter provides a certain amount of gain or prevents insertion loss. The setting of each phase shifter in phase shifter 414 is independent, which means that each phase shifter can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. Modem 402 and / or controller / processor 434 may have at least one control line connected to each phase shifter in phase shifter 414, and the at least one control line can be used to configure phase shifter 414 to provide a desired amount of phase shift or phase offset between antenna elements 420.

[0086] In the illustrated architecture 400, the RF signal received by the antenna element 420 is provided to one or more first amplifiers 456 to enhance the signal strength. The first amplifier 456 can be connected to the same antenna array 418 (for example, for time division duplex (TDD) operation). The first amplifier 456 can be connected to different antenna arrays 418. The enhanced RF signal is input to one or more phase shifters 454 to provide a configurable phase shift or phase offset for the corresponding received RF signal to achieve reception via one or more Rx beams. The phase shifter 454 can be an active phase shifter or a passive phase shifter. The setting of the phase shifter 454 is independent, which means that each phase shifter can be independently set to provide a desired amount of phase shift or the same amount of phase shift or some other configuration. The modem 402 and / or the controller / processor 434 may have at least one control line connected to each of the phase shifters 454, and the at least one control line may be used to configure the phase shifters 454 to provide a desired phase shift or phase offset between the antenna elements 420 to enable reception via one or more Rx beams.

[0087] The output of phase shifter 454 can be input to one or more second amplifiers 452 for signal amplification of the received RF signal of phase shift. Second amplifier 452 can be configured individually to provide a configured amount of gain. Second amplifier 452 can be configured individually to provide a certain amount of gain to ensure that the signal input to combiner 450 has the same amplitude. Amplifier 452 and / or 456 are illustrated with dotted lines because in some aspects, they may not be necessary. In some aspects, amplifier 452 and amplifier 456 are both present. On the other hand, amplifier 452 and amplifier 456 are not present. In other aspects, one of amplifiers 452 and 456 is present, but the other amplifier is not present.

[0088] In the illustrated architecture 400, the signals output by the phase shifter 454 (via the amplifier 452 (when present)) are combined in the combiner 450. The combiner 450 in the architecture 400 combines the RF signals into one signal. The combiner 450 can be a passive combiner (e.g., not connected to a power source), which may result in some insertion loss. The combiner 450 can be an active combiner (e.g., connected to a power source), which may result in some signal gain. When the combiner 450 is an active combiner, it can provide a different (e.g., configurable) amount of gain for each input signal so that the input signals have the same amplitude when combined. When the combiner 450 is an active combiner, the combiner 450 may not need a second amplifier 452 because the active combiner can provide signal amplification.

[0089] The output of combiner 450 is input to mixers 448 and 446. Mixers 448 and 446 generally down-convert the received RF signal using inputs from local oscillators 472 and 470, respectively, to form intermediate or baseband signals carrying the encoded and modulated information. The outputs of mixers 448 and 446 are input to analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 444 for conversion to digital signals. The digital signals output from ADC 444 are input to modem 402 for baseband processing, such as decoding, deinterleaving, or similar operations.

[0090] The architecture 400 is given by way of example only to illustrate an architecture for sending and / or receiving signals. In some cases, the architecture 400 and / or each part of the architecture 400 can be repeated multiple times within the architecture to accommodate or provide any number of RF chains, antenna elements and / or antenna panels. In addition, numerous replacement architectures are possible and are contemplated. For example, although only a single antenna array 418 is shown, two, three or more antenna arrays may be included, each with its own corresponding amplifier, phase shifter, splitter, mixer, DAC, ADC and / or modem. One or more. For example, a single UE may include two, four or more antenna arrays for sending or receiving signals at different physical locations on the UE or in different directions.

[0091] In addition, mixers, splitters, amplifiers, phase shifters and other components may be located in different signal type areas (e.g., represented by different reference numerals in reference numerals 422, 424, 426, 428) in different architectures of implementation. For example, in different examples, the separation of the signal to be transmitted into multiple signals may occur at analog RF, analog IF, analog baseband or digital baseband frequencies. Similarly, amplification and / or phase shifting may also occur at different frequencies. For example, in some aspects, one or more of separator 410, amplifier 412, 416 or phase shifter 414 may be located between DAC 404 and first mixer 406 or between first mixer 406 and second mixer 408. In one example, the functions of one or more components may be combined into one component. For example, phase shifter 414 may perform amplification to include or replace first amplifier 412 and / or second amplifier 416. By another example, phase shifting may be implemented by second mixer 408 to eliminate the need for separate phase shifter 414. This technique is sometimes referred to as local oscillator (LO) phase shifting. In some aspects of this configuration, there may be multiple IF-to-RF mixers within the second mixer 408 (e.g., for each antenna element chain), and local oscillator B 432 may supply a different local oscillator signal (with a different phase offset) to each IF-to-RF mixer.

[0092] The modem 402 and / or the controller / processor 434 may control one or more of the other components 404 to 472 to select one or more antenna elements 420 and / or form a beam for transmitting one or more signals. For example, the antenna element 420 may be independently selected or deselected for transmitting a signal (or signals) by controlling the amplitude of one or more corresponding amplifiers (such as the first amplifier 412 and / or the second amplifier 416). Beamforming includes generating a beam using multiple signals on different antenna elements, wherein one or more or all of the multiple signals are shifted in phase with each other. The formed beam may carry a physical or higher layer reference signal or information. Since each of the multiple signals is radiated from a corresponding antenna element 420, the radiated signals interact with each other, interfere (constructive and destructive interference), and amplify to form the resulting beam. The shape (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and direction (such as the angle of the beam relative to the surface of the antenna array 418) may be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shift or phase offset applied by the phase shifter 414 and the amplitude applied by the amplifiers 412, 416 of the multiple signals relative to each other. The controller / processor 434 may be partially or fully located within one or more other components of the architecture 400. For example, in some aspects, the controller / processor 434 may be located within the modem 402.

[0093] As indicated above, Figure 4 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 4 The examples described are different.

[0094] DPD is a technique for increasing the linearity of a power amplifier or compensating for its nonlinearity. In DPD, the output signal of the power amplifier can be pre-distorted using a nonlinear model associated with the power amplifier. The output signal of the power amplifier can be pre-distorted using a nonlinear model to compensate for the nonlinearity of the power amplifier. DPD can enable the power amplifier to be activated closer to the saturation point of the power amplifier while maintaining the favorable linearity of the power amplifier. DPD can improve the power efficiency of the power amplifier, which can result in power savings at the network node.

[0095] DPD may use a predistorter to apply inverse distortion to an input signal of a power amplifier to cancel the distortion generated by the power amplifier. A signal V1 may be provided as an input to the predistorter, and the predistorter may generate a signal V2 as an output. In other words, signal V1 may be predistorted into signal V2. Signal V2 may be an input to a power amplifier, which may produce a signal V0 as an output, where signal V0 may be an amplified version of signal V1. The inverse distortion may be based at least in part on various characteristics of the power amplifier.

[0096] A network node (e.g., a transmitter) may include nonlinear components, such as a power amplifier, that may distort the transmitted signal. Nonlinear distortion may be in-band distortion that may affect link performance, or may be out-of-band distortion that may indicate the amount of adjacent channel interference. To avoid such distortion, power backoff may be used. When power backoff is high, power efficiency may be reduced, and the signal may be transmitted using less power.

[0097] As an alternative or supplement to power backoff, the network node may implement DPD. With DPD, the amount of distortion may be maintained at a certain target level while the power backoff may be reduced to as low as possible, which may improve power amplifier efficiency. DPD operation may involve signal sensing at the RF circuit. The transmitted signal from the power amplifier may be received by the UE (e.g., a receiver), and the transmitted signal may be measured by the UE for nonlinear estimation.

[0098] The UE may receive a signal from a network node, and the UE may perform OTA measurements and feedback of nonlinearities of a power amplifier based at least in part on the signal. The UE may measure and estimate a nonlinear model of a power amplifier in the network node. The UE may send a report to the network node indicating the measurements and / or estimates of the nonlinear model of the power amplifier in the network node. Based at least in part on the report, the network node may perform DPD on the signal before the signal is amplified by the power amplifier, which may enable a smaller power backoff of the signal before the signal is provided to the power amplifier. The power efficiency of the power amplifier may be improved, and therefore, the UE may send a stronger downlink signal to achieve better coverage and / or reduce the amount of power being supplied to the power amplifier, which may result in reduced energy consumption.

[0099] DPD feedback is an effective way to receive information associated with PA nonlinearities. However, DPD operation may require coupling the transmit output to a receive feedback chain to capture PA nonlinearities, estimate PA nonlinearities, and / or correct PA nonlinearities. This operation works well when a small number of antennas are used for transmission (e.g., in FR1, FR2, and / or sub6 networks).

[0100] However, when a large number of antennas are used to transmit, coupling the transmit output to the receive feedback of each PA may consume an excessive amount of network resources. For example, in the mmWave band, a relatively large number of antennas and PAs are used to transmit, which may require an unacceptable amount of network resources to receive feedback for each PA. Additionally or alternatively, for mmWave, DPD should capture the distortion on the far-field beam, rather than the distortion of each individual PA, in order to account for cross-coupled PA NL effects. These effects are not seen in transmit coupled feedback.

[0101] Figure 55 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling according to the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown in , a network node may communicate with multiple UEs. The network node may configure the UEs to assist in DPD training at the network node, thereby reducing the impact of PA NL in signals sent by the network node.

[0102] As indicated by reference numeral 505, the first UE may receive an RS from the network node. The RS may include a channel state information RS (CSI-RS) or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of the PA NL.

[0103] As indicated by reference numeral 510, the first UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The first UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the first UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the first UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission.

[0104] As indicated by reference numeral 515 , the first UE may send DPD information on a first reporting resource.

[0105] The second UE may receive an RS from the network node, as indicated by reference numeral 520. The RS may include a CSI-RS or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of the PA NL.

[0106] As indicated by reference numeral 525, the second UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The second UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the second UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the second UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission.

[0107] As indicated by reference numeral 530, the second UE may send DPD information on the second reporting resource.

[0108] The third UE may receive an RS from the network node, as indicated by reference numeral 535. The RS may include a CSI-RS or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of the PA NL.

[0109] As indicated by reference numeral 540, the third UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The third UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the third UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the third UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission.

[0110] As indicated by reference numeral 545, the third UE may send DPD information on a third reporting resource.

[0111] Based at least in part on the first UE, the second UE, and the third UE using different resources to send the DPD information, the DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling may consume network resources. In a network with dozens or hundreds of UEs connected to a network node, reporting the DPD information may use an excessive amount of resources. For example, the amount of resources may consume an amount of network resources that limits the amount of resources available for control signaling and data signaling.

[0112] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The examples described are different.

[0113] In order to perform DPD training without the excessive cost of multiple feedback paths, the network node can train DPD OTA with the help of the UE. For example, the UE can calculate the PA nonlinear coefficients of the network node and send a signal back to inform the network node of these PA nonlinear coefficients. The DPD functionality in the network node is then configured based at least in part on the feedback from the UE.

[0114] In some networks, federated learning can be used to improve DPD quality. With federated learning, the task of NL estimation and / or DPD estimation is divided among the various UEs. Each UE transmits the intermediate results of the calculation to the network node. The network node aggregates these results and calculates the final set of DPD coefficients to apply to the signal before sending. Federated learning can use the average of NL models from multiple UEs to obtain processing gain and / or can allow aggregation of results from multiple UEs, where each UE only calculates a subset of the NL data (for example, to save power and / or computing resources and / or the capacity of each UE and / or at least in part based on the limited bandwidth allocated to each UE), etc. However, feedback requires a lot of communication resources, especially when a large number of UEs participate in the calculation, which is required to realize the benefits of federated learning in millimeter wave communications.

[0115] In the federated learning, the overall OTA-DPD weighted least squares model that the network nodes need to solve can be:

[0116]

[0117] Where g is the vector of nonlinear coefficients to be calculated (e.g., PA NL coefficients or directly DPD coefficients), A is a matrix whose columns represent the nonlinear kernel and each row represents an equation (e.g., each row can represent a time domain sample or a frequency domain bin), and y is a target vector, where each element of y represents a target in a sample in the time domain or frequency domain. W is a diagonal matrix of weights that can be configured to optimize performance in different frequency regions. For example, the diagonal matrix of weights can be used to optimize in-band distortion (e.g., error vector magnitude (EVM)) or out-of-band distortion (e.g., adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR)). This diagonal matrix of weights can also represent the weighting of each UE when a set of equations is aggregated from multiple UEs and each UE experiences a different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

[0118] For the case of joint learning, each UE processes a subset of the equations based on a subset of w, A, and y, so that the combined set of equations is

[0119]

[0120] Among them, the nth UE is based on A n ,y n &w n To establish the associated subset of the equation

[0121] The solution to the aggregated set of equations:

[0122]

[0123] The implementation is as follows: Each UE signals to the network node: and Among them B n is the expression, z n is the vector form of expression.

[0124] Network node calculation: g = (∑ n v n B n ) -1 (∑ n v n z n ), where v n is a scalar for each UE that can represent a quality metric for the gNB such as UE SNR).

[0125] The number of resources to be fed backB n and Z n K 2 (for B) and K (for z), where K is the number of NL cores. In general, if the number of UEs involved is large, then the UE may send N(K) which may be too large. 2+(K) feedback signals, as in a millimeter wave network.

[0126] In some aspects described herein, a network node and multiple UEs can perform DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling with reduced overhead. In some aspects, the feedback signal reduction factor N can be achieved by moving a portion of the computation to OTA computation. The resulting OTA computation algorithm can include having each UE use the same set of communication resources (e.g., the same subcarriers in OFDM) for all N UEs to transmit B n and z n (e.g., as an analog value, which may be quantized). Additionally, each component can be scaled by the conjugate of the channel response, such that each UE transmits and where h is the conjugate of the channel response.

[0127] For example, the network node receives the sum of the OTA feedback scaled by each UE's channel response from the UEs (e.g., and computes g = B - 1 z.

[0128] Scaling by |h n | 2 can be equivalent to scaling by the SNR. For example, when there is channel reciprocity, determining h n can be known to the network node. The network node can use an approximation for h n to obtain performance benefits.

[0129] In some aspects, instead of scaling each transmission by , a UE can be scaled by a certain angle (e.g., a UE-specific angle of the beam for receiving the RS, a UE-specific angle of the estimated channel, and / or a scalar excluding the amplitude) such that the maximum power is extracted from each UE.

[0130] In some aspects, to improve robustness against noise, each UE can send M repetitions of the feedback. As long as M << N, the described techniques reduce overhead and increase throughput for the network.

[0131] In some aspects, B n and z n can be arbitrarily decomposed into any linear combination of components that are the same among all UEs. Each component can be sent individually. In this way, the network node can receive the sum of each component from all UEs and compute the linear combination of these components. This can limit the transmission to certain modulation orders under finite quantization of the feedback.

[0132] In some aspects, each UE can be scaled by To perform the complete calculation of the DPD coefficients and transmit The network node can receive the weighted average g = sum(|h n | 2 g n ). This may not be mathematically equivalent to the previously described technique, but may be effective for low SNR applications.

[0133] Based at least in part on causing multiple UEs to send DPD information and / or feedback using the same set of network resources, a network node may receive DPD information that enables the network node to correct for PA NL without consuming an excessive amount of network resources.

[0134] Figure 6 600 is a diagram of an example associated with DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling according to the present disclosure. DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling may include joint DPD (e.g., using multiple UEs to assist in providing a network node with an estimated DPD function observed at the time of the sending network node). Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , a network node (e.g., network node 110, CU, DU, and / or RU) may communicate with a UE (e.g., UE 120). In some aspects, the network node and the UE may be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). The UE and the network node may already be in Figure 6 The wireless connection is established before the operation shown in Figure 6 The DPD procedure in conjunction with OTA signaling using a single UE is illustrated, but the procedure may utilize a UE connected to a network node and performing the combined OTA signaling. Figure 6 The described operations may be used by multiple UEs that operate the same or similar operations.

[0135] As indicated by reference numeral 605, the network node may send, and the UE may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may receive the configuration information via one or more of RRC signaling, one or more medium access control (MAC) control elements (CEs), and / or downlink control information (DCI), etc. In some aspects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters for the UE to select (e.g., known to the UE and / or previously indicated by a network node or other network device) and / or explicit configuration information for the UE to configure the UE, etc.

[0136] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE will send an indication of support for DPD reporting.In some aspects, the UE may report that the UE supports measuring bandwidth and / or FR of RS to determine DPD information (such as PANL).

[0137] The UE may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information.In some aspects, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.

[0138] As shown by reference numeral 610, the UE may send, and the network node may receive, an indication of support for DPD reporting. For example, the UE may indicate that the UE reports support for measuring bandwidth and / or FR of RS to determine DPD information (such as PA NL) .

[0139] As indicated by reference numeral 615, the UE may receive and the network node may send an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending an indication of a DPD measurement. For example, the configuration may indicate a resource on which the UE is to receive the RS. Similarly, the configuration may indicate a resource for sending an indication of a DPD measurement. In some aspects, the configuration may indicate a waveform for signaling DPD measurements and / or information to be included in a DPD report. In some aspects, the configuration may indicate a formula to be used to calculate information to be included in a DPD report (e.g., an equation, whether to use a scalar, whether to report DPD information in component form or in full, and / or whether to perform calculations on DPD measurements, etc.).

[0140] As shown by reference numeral 620, the UE may receive and the network node may send RS. In some aspects, the RS may include a CSI-RS tracking reference signal (TRS) or other RS ​​that may be measured to detect PA NL or other DPD information. In some aspects, the RS may be associated with a UE-specific, beam-specific, or cell-specific control message, etc. For example, a control message may schedule RS for each UE, for all UEs on a beam, or for all UEs in a cell, etc. In some aspects, the control message may indicate instructions for DPD calculation. For example, the UE may be instructed to place greater emphasis on suppression of in-band emissions than out-of-band emissions. In some aspects, a weight matrix for applying to the observed DPD may be used to indicate different emphasis to the UE.

[0141] As indicated by reference numeral 625, the UE may measure the NL PA and / or estimate DPD parameters. In some aspects, the DPD measurement includes an estimation of the PA NL coefficients. The estimation of the PA NL coefficients may be based at least in part on the measurement of the RS at the UE.

[0142] As shown by reference numeral 630, the UE may transmit a first signal indicating DPD measurements observed at the UE via the RS. In some aspects, the first signal may be scheduled on network resources that overlap with a second signal indicating DPD measurements of an additional UE. In some aspects, the UE may be allocated resources that overlap (e.g., partially or completely) with resources allocated for other UEs to transmit signals indicating DPD measurements.

[0143] In some aspects, the first signal and the second signal may be configured for coherent combination (e.g., based at least in part on additive signaling of the same or nearly identical signal from multiple devices). For example, each UE may have the same modulation and coding scheme for transmitting the signal. In some aspects, the first signal may be configured for OTA coherent combination with the second signal based at least in part on the first signal including an analog value of a DPD measurement and / or a quantized value of a DPD measurement. In some aspects, the first signal and the second signal may be configured for coherent combination based at least in part on each signaling being premultiplied by a corresponding channel response and / or a channel response phase, etc.

[0144] In some aspects, each of the UEs may apply a scalar or other operator to the signal before transmission so that the network node can decompose the signals when they are received. In some aspects, the scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of the channel response observed via the RS or the angle of the estimated channel, etc. For example, the UE may receive a signal (e.g., an RS) using a beam. The signal passing through the UE beam has an angle compared to the original transmitted signal (e.g., relative to the original transmitted signal). The angle compared to the original transmitted signal can be described as the angle of the estimated channel (e.g., an angle associated with the estimated channel).

[0145] In some aspects, the UE, the second UE, and / or one or more additional UEs may transmit a signal (e.g., a combined signal) using one or more repetitions. In some aspects, the number of repetitions is less than the number of UEs transmitting the signal. Based at least in part on using the repetitions, the network node has an improved signal strength and / or the network node may estimate PANL and / or DPD with improved accuracy.

[0146] In some aspects, the signal may include an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement, or the signal may include an indication of a component of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement. For example, the signal may indicate a complete measurement of the DPD measured over the entire bandwidth allocated for the RS, or the signal may indicate the DPD measured over different portions of the bandwidth.

[0147] In some aspects, the signal may include an indication of quantized values ​​of the split components of the DPD measurement. For example, the signal may indicate a first portion of the DPD measurement, and the additional signal sent by the UE may indicate a second portion of the DPD measurement. For example, the first portion of the DPD measurement may be a value (e.g., a matrix) A, and the second portion of the DPD measurement may be a value (e.g., a matrix) B. The value A (e.g., with possible variations) may be sent by multiple UEs and may be coherently combined by OTA. Similarly (e.g., in transmissions using different time resources), the value B may be sent by multiple UEs and may be coherently combined by OTA. In some aspects, A and / or B may be quantized values. In some aspects, the values ​​A and / or B may be associated with scaling factors to A and B (e.g., scaling factors known in advance by the UE and the network node), such that a signal C (e.g., carrying the entire DPD measurement as a quantized value) may be equal to a*A+b*B. The network node may identify C based at least in part on receiving an indication of A and applying scaling factor a to A and receiving an indication of B and applying scaling factor b to B.

[0148] In some aspects, the signal may include an indication of a PA NL coefficient as calculated based at least in part on a DPD effect measured via the RS, or may include an indication of a DPD coefficient as measured based at least in part on the RS.

[0149] As indicated by reference numeral 635, the network node may decompose the first signal and the second signal. For example, the network node may decompose the combined signal into a plurality of components and may perform a DPD calculation using a sum (e.g., a weighted sum) as received over the air. In some aspects, the network node may decompose the first signal and the second signal from the combined signal on the same set of resources based at least in part on transmitting the signals with different scalar multiples applied.

[0150] As indicated by reference numeral 640, the network node may determine the NL of the PA of the network node based at least in part on the first signal and the second signal.In some aspects, the network node may determine the NL of the PA based at least in part on aggregating signals indicating DPD measurements of a plurality of UEs connected to the network node.

[0151] The network node may apply the DPD correction to the signal prior to transmission, as indicated by reference numeral 645. For example, the network node may apply power modifications to different subcarriers and / or PAs to compensate for the PA NL as observed by a UE communicating with the network node.

[0152] The UE may receive, and the network node may send, communications with the applied DPD corrections, as indicated by reference numeral 650. In this manner, the network node and UE may communicate with reduced communication errors, with improved coverage and / or signal strength, improved spectral efficiency, and / or higher MCS, without using excessively large amounts of resources to communicate DPD measurements.

[0153] As indicated above, Figure 6 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 6 The examples described are different.

[0154] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example 700 associated with DPD in conjunction with OTA signaling according to the present disclosure. Figure 7 As shown in , a network node may communicate with multiple UEs. The network node may configure the UEs to assist in DPD training at the network node, thereby reducing the impact of PA NL in signals sent by the network node.

[0155] As indicated by reference numeral 705, the first UE may receive an RS from a network node. The RS may include a CSI-RS or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of a PA NL.

[0156] As indicated by reference numeral 710, the first UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The first UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the first UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the first UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission. In some aspects, the first UE may perform one or more operations on the measurement of the PA NL. For example, the first UE may determine a DPD coefficient and / or a PA NL coefficient to be reported back to the network node.

[0157] As indicated by reference numeral 715, the first UE may send DPD information on the first reporting resource. In some aspects, the first UE may use the indicated reporting resource and the resources allocated to receive the RS. In some aspects, the first UE may receive the allocation of the first reporting resource in a message that is also sent to the second UE and the third UE.

[0158] The second UE may receive an RS from the network node, as indicated by reference numeral 720. The RS may include a CSI-RS or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of the PA NL.

[0159] As indicated by reference numeral 725, the second UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The second UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the second UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the second UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission. In some aspects, the second UE may perform one or more operations on the measurement of the PA NL. For example, the second UE may determine a DPD coefficient and / or a PA NL coefficient to be reported back to the network node.

[0160] As indicated by reference numeral 730, the second UE may send DPD information on first reporting resources (resources that are the same as or overlap with resources used by the first UE). In some aspects, the second UE may use the indicated reporting resources as well as the resources allocated to receive the RS.

[0161] The third UE may receive an RS from the network node, as indicated by reference numeral 735. The RS may include a CSI-RS or other RS ​​for measuring the effect of the PA NL.

[0162] As indicated by reference numeral 740, the third UE may measure the PA NL based at least in part on the RS. The third UE may measure a portion of the PA NL of the network node. For example, the third UE may measure the PA NL of a subset of the PA of the network node. Additionally or alternatively, the third UE may measure the PA NL of the network node for a portion of the bandwidth used by the network node for transmission. In some aspects, the third UE may perform one or more operations on the measurement of the PA NL. For example, the third UE may determine a DPD coefficient and / or a PA NL coefficient to be reported back to the network node.

[0163] As indicated by reference numeral 745, the third UE may send DPD information on first reporting resources (the same or overlapping resources as used by the first UE).In some aspects, the third UE may use the indicated reporting resources as well as the resources allocated to receive the RS.

[0164] Based at least in part on the first UE, the second UE, and the third UE using the same resources to send the DPD information, the DPD combined with OTA signaling can save network resources that may have been used to send the DPD information on different resources. In a network with dozens or hundreds of UEs connected to a network node, based at least in part on the at least partially overlapping resources, reporting the DPD information can not use an excessive amount of resources.

[0165] As indicated above, Figure 7 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 7 The examples described are different.

[0166] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, by a first UE in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example in which a UE (eg, UE 120) performs operations associated with techniques for combining DPD with OTA signaling.

[0167] like Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending an indication of a DPD measurement (block 810). For example, a UE (e.g., using Fig.10 The communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 1002 depicted in FIG. 1004 may receive an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending an indication of a DPD measurement, as described above.

[0168] like Figure 8 As further shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving an RS from a network node (block 820). For example, a UE (e.g., using Fig.10 The communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 1002 depicted in FIG. 1004 may receive the RS from the network node, as described above.

[0169] like Figure 8 As further shown in FIG. 8 , in some aspects, process 800 may include transmitting a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a first UE via a RS, the first signal being configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources (block 830). For example, a UE (e.g., using Fig.10 The communication manager 140 and / or the sending component 1004 depicted in the figure can send a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via an RS at a first UE, the first signal being configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed via an RS at a second UE, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources, as described above.

[0170] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0171] In a first aspect, the DPD measurement includes an estimate of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient based at least in part on a measurement of a RS at a UE.

[0172] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the RS is associated with a control message that is one or more of: UE-specific, beam-specific, or cell-specific.

[0173] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first signal is configured for OTA coherent combining with the second signal based at least in part on the overlapping resources being completely overlapping resources.

[0174] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first signal is configured to be OTA coherently combined with the second signal based at least in part on the first signal comprising a value of a DPD measurement, a quantized value of the DPD measurement, or a scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement.

[0175] In a fifth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, a scalar multiplier for a DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of a channel response observed via the RS or an angle associated with the estimated channel.

[0176] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the transmitting of the first signal comprises transmitting one or more repetitions of the first signal.

[0177] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the first signal comprises an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement or an indication of a component of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement.

[0178] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the first signal comprises an indication of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient or an indication of a DPD coefficient.

[0179] although Figure 8 An example block diagram of process 800 is shown, but in some aspects, process 800 may include Figure 8 The blocks depicted in the process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 800. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks in the blocks of the process 800 may be performed in parallel.

[0180] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, by a network node in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 900 is an example in which a network node (eg, network node 110) performs operations associated with techniques for combining DPD with OTA signaling.

[0181] like Fig. 9As shown in , in some aspects, process 900 may include sending an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs by the multiple UEs (block 910). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.11 The communication manager 150 and / or sending component 1104 depicted in the figure can send an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for sending DPD measurements to multiple UEs, which configuration indicates the allocation of a single set of resources for sending signals indicating DPD measurements observed by the multiple UEs, as described above.

[0182] like Fig. 9 As further shown in FIG. 9 , in some aspects, process 900 may include sending RSs to a plurality of UEs (block 920). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.11 The communication manager 150 and / or the sending component 1104 depicted in the figure can send the RS to multiple UEs as described above.

[0183] like Fig. 9 As further shown in FIG. 9 , in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating DPD measurements observed at multiple UEs (block 930). For example, a network node (e.g., using Fig.11 The communication manager 150 and / or receiving component 1102 depicted in FIG. 1 may receive the signal as a coherent combined signal indicative of DPD measurements observed at multiple UEs, as described above.

[0184] Process 900 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0185] In a first aspect, DPD measurements include estimating power amplifier non-linear coefficients based at least in part on measurements of RSs at a plurality of UEs.

[0186] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the RS is associated with a control message that is one or more of: UE-specific, beam-specific, or cell-specific.

[0187] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the signal is configured for OTA coherent combining based at least in part on a signal comprising a value of a DPD measurement, a quantized value of the DPD measurement, or a UE-specific scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement.

[0188] In a fourth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, a UE-specific scalar multiplier for DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of a UE-specific channel response observed via the RS or an angle associated with the estimated channel.

[0189] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the receiving of a signal comprises receiving one or more repetitions of the signal.

[0190] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the signal comprises an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement or an indication of a component of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement.

[0191] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, receiving the signal comprises computing linear combinations of components of a matrix associated with DPD measurements, computing weighted averages of elements of the signal.

[0192] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the signal comprises an indication of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient or an indication of a DPD coefficient.

[0193] although Fig. 9 An example block diagram of process 900 is shown, but in some aspects, process 900 may include Fig. 9 The blocks depicted in the process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 900. Additionally or alternatively, two or more blocks in the blocks of the process 900 may be performed in parallel.

[0194] Fig.10 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1000 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1000 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 1000. In some aspects, apparatus 1000 includes a receiving component 1002 and a transmitting component 1004 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1000 may communicate with another apparatus 1006 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1002 and transmitting component 1004. As further shown, apparatus 1000 may include a communication manager 1008 (e.g., communication manager 140).

[0195] In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform the Figure 6 to Figure 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 8 The process 800. In some aspects, Fig.10 The device 1000 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig.10 One or more of the components shown in the figure may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the component set may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0196] The receiving component 1002 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, from the apparatus 1006. The receiving component 1002 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the receiving component 1002 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding) on ​​the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the receiving component 1002 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of a described UE.

[0197] Transmit component 1004 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to device 1006. In some aspects, one or more other components of device 1000 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to transmit component 1004 for transmission to device 1006. In some aspects, transmit component 1004 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to device 1006. In some aspects, transmit component 1004 may include in conjunction with Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described UE. In some aspects, the transmit component 1004 can be co-located with the receive component 1002 in a transceiver.

[0198] The receiving component 1002 may receive an indication of a configuration for receiving an RS and for sending an indication of a DPD measurement. The receiving component 1002 may receive an RS from a network node. The sending component 1004 may send a first signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a first UE via the RS, the first signal configured for OTA coherent combination with a second signal indicating a DPD measurement observed at a second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0199] Fig.10 The number and arrangement of components shown in the figure are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig.10 The components shown in the figure may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Fig.10 Two or more components shown in the figure may be implemented in a single component, or Fig.10 The single component shown in can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig.10 The assembly of (one or more) components shown in the figure may perform the operations described as being performed by Fig.10 Another set of components shown in the figure performs one or more functions.

[0200] Fig.11 1 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1100 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 1100 may be a network node, or a network node may include apparatus 1100. In some aspects, apparatus 1100 includes a receiving component 1102 and a transmitting component 1104 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 1100 may communicate with another apparatus 1106 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1102 and transmitting component 1104. As further shown, apparatus 1100 may include a communication manager 1108 (e.g., communication manager 150).

[0201] In some aspects, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform the Figure 6 to Figure 7 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 1100 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Fig. 9 The process 900. In some aspects, Fig.11 The apparatus 1100 and / or one or more components shown in FIG. 1 may include a combination of Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, Fig.11 One or more of the components shown in the figure may be combined with Figure 2Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the component set may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0202] The receiving component 1102 may receive communications from the device 1106, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 1102 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 1100. In some aspects, the receiving component 1102 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receive processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof, of the described network nodes.

[0203] The transmitting component 1104 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the device 1106. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 1100 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 1104 for transmission to the device 1106. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 1106. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1104 may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the described network nodes. In some aspects, the transmit component 1104 can be co-located with the receive component 1102 in a transceiver.

[0204] The transmitting component 1104 can transmit to the plurality of UEs an indication of a configuration for receiving RS and for transmitting DPD measurements, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for transmitting, by the plurality of UEs, a signal indicating DPD measurements observed via the plurality of UEs. The transmitting component 1104 can transmit the RS to the plurality of UEs. The receiving component 1102 can receive the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating DPD measurements observed at the plurality of UEs.

[0205] Fig.11The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Fig.11 The components shown in the figure may include additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner. Fig.11 Two or more components shown in the figure may be implemented in a single component, or Fig.11 The single component shown in can be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Fig.11 The assembly of (one or more) components shown in the figure may perform the operations described as being performed by Fig.11 Another set of components shown in the figure performs one or more functions.

[0206] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0207] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending an indication of a digital pre-distortion (DPD) measurement; receiving the RS from a network node; and sending a first signal indicating the DPD measurement observed via the RS at the first UE, the first signal being configured for air-coherent combination with a second signal indicating the DPD measurement observed via the RS at a second UE, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

[0208] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the DPD measurement includes: estimating a power amplifier non-linear coefficient based at least in part on the measurement of the RS at the UE.

[0209] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the RS is associated with a control message, and the control message is one or more of the following: UE-specific, beam-specific, or cell-specific.

[0210] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined with the second signal over the air based at least in part on the overlapping resources being completely overlapping resources.

[0211] Aspect 5: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined with the second signal over the air based at least in part on the first signal including: an analog value of the DPD measurement, a quantized value of the DPD measurement, or a scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement.

[0212] Aspect 6: The method of aspect 5, wherein the scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of: a channel response observed via the RS or an angle associated with an estimated channel.

[0213] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein sending the first signal comprises: sending one or more repetitions of the first signal.

[0214] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first signal comprises: an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement or an indication of a component of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement.

[0215] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the first signal comprises: an indication of a power amplifier nonlinear coefficient or an indication of a DPD coefficient.

[0216] Aspect 10: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: sending an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending a digital pre-distortion (DPD) measurement to multiple user equipments (UEs), the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for sending, by the multiple UEs, signals indicating digital pre-distortion (DPD) measurements observed via the multiple UEs; sending the RS to the multiple UEs; and receiving the signal as a coherent combined signal indicating the DPD measurements observed at the multiple UEs.

[0217] Aspect 11: The method according to aspect 10, wherein the DPD measurement includes: estimating a power amplifier non-linear coefficient based at least in part on the measurement of the RS at the plurality of UEs.

[0218] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 10 to 11, wherein the RS is associated with a control message, the control message being one or more of: UE-specific, beam-specific, or cell-specific.

[0219] Aspect 13: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the signal is configured for air-coherent combining based at least in part on the signal comprising: an analog value of the DPD measurement, a quantized value of the DPD measurement, or a UE-specific scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement.

[0220] Aspect 14: The method according to aspect 13, wherein the UE-specific scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of: a UE-specific channel response observed via the RS or an angle associated with an estimated channel.

[0221] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein receiving the signal comprises: receiving one or more repetitions of the signal.

[0222] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the signal comprises: an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement or an indication of a component of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement.

[0223] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16, wherein receiving the signal comprises: calculating a linear combination of the components of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement, and calculating a weighted average of the elements of the signal.

[0224] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the signal comprises: an indication of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient or an indication of a DPD coefficient.

[0225] Aspect 19: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform one or more of the methods described in Aspects 1 to 18.

[0226] Aspect 20: A device for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and one or more processors, the one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to execute the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0227] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0228] Aspect 22: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 18.

[0229] Aspect 23: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform one or more of the methods described in aspects 1 to 18.

[0230] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the various aspects.

[0231] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase "based on" is intended to be broadly interpreted as "based at least in part on". As used herein, depending on the context, "satisfying a threshold" may refer to a value greater than a threshold, greater than or equal to a threshold, less than a threshold, less than or equal to a threshold, equal to a threshold, not equal to a threshold, and the like. As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items (including a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c.

[0232] In addition, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more items connected to the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If you only want to refer to an item, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the term "having" and similar terms are intended to be open terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., the element "including" A may also contain B). In addition, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used in a sequence, and can be used interchangeably with "and / or", unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., in the case of being used in combination with "any one of" or "only one of").

[0233] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and is illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0234] The hardware and data processing apparatus for implementing the various illustrative logic components, logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, specific processes and methods may be performed by circuits dedicated to a given function.

[0235] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs (such as one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on computer storage media to be executed by a data processing apparatus or to control the operation of the data processing apparatus.

[0236] If implemented in software, the function may be stored on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes or sent through a computer-readable medium. The process of the method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor executable software module that may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, and communication media include any medium that can realize the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium that a computer can access. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. In addition, any connection may be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include compact disks (CDs), laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks and blue-ray disks, wherein disks generally reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks reproduce data optically with lasers. The combination of media described herein should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as a code and instruction set, or any combination of code and instruction sets, on a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0237] Various modifications to the various aspects described in this disclosure may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be granted the broadest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0238] Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for ease of describing the drawings and indicate relative positions on a correctly oriented page corresponding to the orientation of the drawings, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0239] Certain features described in this specification in the context of independent aspects may also be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single aspect may also be implemented in multiple aspects individually or in any suitable subcombination. In addition, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from the combination in some cases, and a claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination, or a variation of a subcombination.

[0240] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow chart. However, other operations not depicted can be incorporated into the example processes schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, at the same time, or between any operations in the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing are advantageous. In addition, the separation of various system components in the various aspects described should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects also fall within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recorded in the claims can be performed in different orders and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a first user equipment (UE), comprising: receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending an indication of a digital predistortion (DPD) measurement; receiving the RS from a network node; as well as A first signal is sent indicating the DPD measurement observed at the first UE via the RS, the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over the air with a second signal indicating the DPD measurement observed at the second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the DPD measurement comprises: An estimate of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient is based at least in part on the measurement of the RS at the UE.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the RS is associated with a control message, the control message being one or more of: UE-specific, beam specific, or Cell-specific. 4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over-the-air with the second signal based at least in part on the overlapping resources being completely overlapping resources.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over-the-air with the second signal based at least in part on the first signal comprising: The analog value of the DPD measurement, a quantified value of the DPD measurement, or Scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the scalar multiplier of the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of: the channel response observed via the RS, or The angle associated with the estimated channel.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending the first signal comprises: One or more repetitions of the first signal are transmitted.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises: an indication of a matrix associated with said DPD measurement, an indication of a component of said matrix associated with said DPD measurement, or An indication of a quantized value of a segmented component of the DPD measurement.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first signal comprises: An indication of the nonlinear coefficients of the power amplifier, or Indication of the DPD factor.

10. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, comprising: transmitting, to a plurality of user equipments (UEs), an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for transmitting digital predistortion (DPD) measurements, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for transmitting, by the plurality of UEs, signals indicating digital predistortion (DPD) measurements observed via the plurality of UEs; sending the RS to the plurality of UEs; as well as The signal is received as a coherent combined signal indicative of the DPD measurements observed at the plurality of UEs.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the DPD measurement comprises: Power amplifier non-linear coefficients are estimated based at least in part on measurements of the RS at the plurality of UEs.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the RS is associated with a control message, the control message being one or more of: UE-specific, beam specific, or Cell-specific.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein the signals are configured for over-the-air coherent combining based at least in part on the signals comprising: The analog value of the DPD measurement, a quantified value of the DPD measurement, or UE-specific scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the UE-specific scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of: a UE-specific channel response observed via the RS, The UE-specific angle of the beam used to receive the RS, or The angle associated with the estimated channel.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein receiving the signal comprises: One or more repetitions of the signal are received.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein the signal comprises: an indication of a matrix associated with the DPD measurement, or an indication of a component of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein receiving the signal comprises: A linear combination of the components of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement is calculated, and a weighted average of the elements of the signal is calculated.

18. The method of claim 10, wherein the signal comprises: An indication of the nonlinear coefficients of the power amplifier, or Indication of the DPD factor.

19. A first user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for sending an indication of a digital predistortion (DPD) measurement; receiving the RS from a network node; as well as A first signal is sent indicating the DPD measurement observed at the first UE via the RS, the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over the air with a second signal indicating the DPD measurement observed at the second UE via the RS, the first signal and the second signal being scheduled for transmission via overlapping network resources.

20. The UE according to claim 19, wherein the DPD measurement comprises: An estimate of a power amplifier non-linear coefficient is based at least in part on the measurement of the RS at the UE.

21. The UE of claim 19, wherein the RS is associated with a control message, the control message being one or more of: UE-specific, beam specific, or Cell-specific.

22. The UE of claim 19, wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over-the-air with the second signal based at least in part on the overlapping resources being fully overlapping resources.

23. The UE of claim 19, wherein the first signal is configured to be coherently combined over-the-air with the second signal based at least in part on the first signal comprising: The DPD measures the value of a quantified value of the DPD measurement, or Scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement.

24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement is based at least in part on one or more of: The channel response observed via the RS, The angle of the beam used to receive the RS, or The angle associated with the estimated channel.

25. The UE according to claim 19, wherein the first signal comprises: An indication of the nonlinear coefficients of the power amplifier, or Indication of the DPD factor.

26. A network node for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory and configured to: transmitting, to a plurality of user equipments (UEs), an indication of a configuration for receiving a reference signal (RS) and for transmitting digital predistortion (DPD) measurements, the configuration indicating an allocation of a single set of resources for transmitting, by the plurality of UEs, signals indicating digital predistortion (DPD) measurements observed via the plurality of UEs; sending the RS to the plurality of UEs; as well as The signal is received as a coherent combined signal indicative of the DPD measurements observed at the plurality of UEs.

27. The network node of claim 26, wherein the DPD measurement comprises: Power amplifier non-linear coefficients are estimated based at least in part on measurements of the RS at the plurality of UEs.

28. The network node of claim 26, wherein the RS is associated with a control message, the control message being one or more of: UE-specific, beam specific, or Cell-specific.

29. The network node of claim 26, wherein the signal is configured for over-the-air coherent combining based at least in part on the signal comprising: The DPD measures the value of a quantified value of the DPD measurement, or UE-specific scalar multiplier for the DPD measurement.

30. The network node of claim 26, wherein to receive the signal, the one or more processors are configured to: A linear combination of the components of the matrix associated with the DPD measurement is calculated, and a weighted average of the elements of the signal is calculated.

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