Selecting antenna elements with L-shaped antenna modules

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A user equipment (UE) can include an L-shaped antenna module that can include a first array of antenna elements in one dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension. In the L-shaped antenna module, an antenna element arrangement in which antenna elements crossing both side surfaces of the "L" are combined can be used. In some aspects, a UE can dynamically select a configuration of antenna elements of an L-shaped antenna module to enhance performance and power consumption. In some aspects, the UE can select whether to use a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration for the L-shaped antenna module.

Description

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 18 / 467,321 filed by Raghavan et al. on September 14, 2023, entitled “SELECTING ANTENNA ELEMENTS WITH AN L SHAPED ANTENNA MODULE,” which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 63 / 259,922 filed by Raghavan et al. on September 15, 2022, entitled “SELECTING ANTENNA ELEMENTS WITH AN L SHAPED ANTENNAMODULE,” and U.S. provisional patent application No. 63 / 259,922 filed by Raghavan et al. on October 31, 2022, entitled “SELECTING ANTENNA ELEMENTS WITH ANL SHAPED ANTENNA MODULE (SELECT ANTENNA ELEMENT WITH L-SHAPED ANTENNA MODULE)", each of which is assigned to the assignee of the present application, and the entirety of each of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] The following relates to wireless communications and thus to selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module.

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communications for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE). Summary of the invention

[0005] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices and apparatuses that support selecting antenna elements with L-shaped antenna modules. For example, the described technology provides a configuration of antenna elements of an L-shaped antenna module at a network node based on measurement information of one or more reference signals. The L-shaped antenna module may include a first array of antenna elements in one dimension (e.g., a plane or a side) and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension (e.g., a plane or a side). In the L-shaped antenna module, an antenna element configuration that combines antenna elements across two sides of the "L" can be used. Each antenna element can be dual-polarized, which means that for each antenna element, there is a horizontal (H) polarization and a vertical (V) polarization (or an equivalent set of slanted 45 degree polarization and slanted negative 45 degree polarization). In some aspects, a network node (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) may dynamically select the configuration of the antenna elements of the L-shaped antenna module to enhance performance and power consumption. In some aspects, the UE may report the selected antenna element configuration to a network entity, and the network entity may select a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state to be used for communicating with the UE based on the reported antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE may determine a TCI state to be used for communicating with a network entity based on the selected antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE may select whether to use a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. In some aspects, the UE may report to the network entity whether the UE is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. The network entity may adjust the transmit power and rate based on whether the UE is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration.

[0006] A method for wireless communication at a first network node is described. The method may include: sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; receiving the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; and sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0007] A first network node for wireless communication is described. The first network node may include a processing system configured to: send first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receive scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; receive the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generate measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; and send second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0008] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first network node is described. The apparatus may include: means for sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; means for receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; means for receiving the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements in accordance with the scheduling information; means for generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; and means for sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0009] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon code for wireless communication is described. The code, when executed by a first network node, causes the network node to: send first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receive scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; receive the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generate measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; and send second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining a first antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations based on the measurement information, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving an indication of a TCI state from the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating the measurement information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining a corresponding signal strength measurement for each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations, wherein each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations may be associated with a same power consumption level.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information including an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration and a corresponding TCI state, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration includes an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating the measurement information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: determining a corresponding reference signal received power measurement for each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving an indication of a TCI status from the second network node based on the second control information.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, devices, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, each antenna element in the set of antenna elements may be associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, and at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information including an indication of the ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements may be associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, wherein reception of the set of reference signals may be responsive to the third control information.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating the measurement information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for determining whether a signal strength measurement for a single reference signal for one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration satisfies a threshold, wherein the set of reference signals includes the single reference signal.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, generating the measurement information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for: generating a first RSRP measurement for a first reference signal for the cross-polarization configuration; and generating a second RSRP measurement for a second reference signal for the co-polarization configuration, wherein the set of reference signals includes the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving fourth control information from the second network node, the fourth control information including an indication for dynamically switching between the co-polarization configuration and the cross-polarization configuration based on the second control information.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first dimension may be perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension that may be different from the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0023] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: selecting two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals; and communicating with the second network node via the selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting an antenna element configuration of the antenna elements in a selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, sending the first control information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: sending the first control information including the following items: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes the third array of antenna elements in the third dimension that may be different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node may be able to dynamically select two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the third dimension may be perpendicular to the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0027] A method for wireless communication at a first network node is described. The method may include: receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; sending the set of reference signals to the second network node in accordance with the scheduling information; and receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information for the set of reference signals associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node.

[0028] A first network node for wireless communication is described. The first network node may include a processing system configured to: receive first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; send scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; send the set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information; and receive second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0029] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first network node is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; means for sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; means for sending the set of reference signals to the second network node in accordance with the scheduling information; and means for receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information for the set of reference signals associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node.

[0030] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon code for wireless communication is described. The code, when executed by a first network node, causes the network node to: receive first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; send scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; send the set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information; and receive second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second control information includes an indication of a first antenna element configuration for the set of antenna elements.

[0032] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication of the TCI state to the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0033] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information including an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations and a corresponding TCI state, wherein the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes the first antenna element configuration, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration includes an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second control information includes an indication of respective RSRP measurements associated with a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending an indication of the TCI status to the second network node based on the second control information.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information including an indication of the ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements may be associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein sending of the set of reference signals may be responsive to the third control information.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of reference signals includes a single reference signal, and the second control information includes an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the set of reference signals includes a first reference signal and a second reference signal, and the second control information includes an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first control information further indicates that the first dimension may be perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0040] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the first control information may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following operations: receiving the first control information including the following items: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension that may be different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node may be able to dynamically select two of the first array, the second array, and the third array. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0042] Figure 2A and Figure 2B An example of a user equipment (UE) diagram supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 3 An example of supporting selection of a polarization pattern of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 4 An example of a wireless communication system supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 5 An example of an antenna module diagram that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] Figure 6 An example of a process flow supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0047] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram of a device supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0048] Fig. 9 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0049] Fig.10 A diagram of a system including a device that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0050] Fig.11 and Fig.12 A block diagram of a device supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Fig.13 A block diagram of a communication manager that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0052] Fig.14 A diagram of a system including a device that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0053] Figures 15 to 17 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] A user equipment (UE) may include an L-shaped antenna module. The L-shaped antenna module may include a first array of antenna elements in one dimension (e.g., a plane or a side) and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension (e.g., a plane or a side). In the L-shaped antenna module, an antenna element configuration that combines antenna elements across two sides of the "L" can be used. Each antenna element may be dual-polarized. For example, for each antenna element, there may be a horizontal (H) layer and a vertical (V) layer. Alternately, the antenna element may be a slanted 45-degree configuration on one layer and a slanted negative 45-degree configuration on the second layer. In general, it may be assumed that the antenna is on two orthogonal polarizations on two layers. In some aspects, the UE may be statically configured to combine an H-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with an H-pole antenna on the other side of the "L", and statically configured to combine a V-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with a V-pole antenna on the other side of the "L". In some aspects, depending on the angle of interest of the beamformed received or transmitted signal, the static configuration may result in suboptimal performance. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, less than all antenna elements may be used in order to save power. Blockage (eg, due to a finger placed on the phone) may cause some antenna elements to have lower gain than other antenna elements.

[0055] In some aspects, the UE is able to dynamically select the configuration of the antenna elements of the L-shaped antenna module to enhance performance and power consumption. The UE may report to the network entity that the UE has one or more L-shaped antenna modules, and the network entity may schedule one or more reference signals based on the report. The UE may receive one or more scheduled reference signals from the network entity. Based on the measurement of reference signals using different antenna element configurations, the UE may select the antenna element configuration. For example, these measurements may be reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurements, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements, or carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) measurements. In some aspects, the UE may report the selected antenna element configuration to the network entity, and the network entity may select the transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state to be used for communicating with the UE based on the reported antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE may determine the TCI state to be used for communicating with the network entity based on the selected antenna element configuration.

[0056] In some aspects, the UE may choose whether to use a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. A co-polarization configuration refers to a configuration in which an H-pole antenna on a first side of "L" is combined with an H-pole antenna on another side of "L" and a V-pole antenna on a first side of "L" is combined with a V-pole antenna on another side of "L". A cross-polarization configuration refers to a configuration in which an H-pole antenna on a first side of "L" is combined with a V-pole antenna on another side of "L" and a V-pole antenna on a first side of "L" is combined with an H-pole antenna on another side of "L". The UE may report to a network entity whether the UE is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. The network entity may adjust the transmit power and rate based on whether the UE is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration.

[0057] Aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to UE diagrams, polarization diagrams, antenna module diagrams, and process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated and described with reference to device diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams related to selecting an antenna element with an L-shaped antenna module.

[0058] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may be a long term evolution (LTE) network, an advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a new radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies (including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein).

[0059] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or with different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some aspects, the network entities 105 and the UE 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UE 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may support signal communications according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0060] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1 . The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 Communicate with other UEs 115 or network entities 105) as shown.

[0061] As described herein, a node (which may be referred to as a node, a network node, a network entity, or a wireless node) may include, may be, or may be included in (e.g., as a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein), a UE (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU), a central unit (CU), a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU)), and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the network node may be a UE. For another example, the network node may be a base station or a network entity. For another example, a first network node may be configured to communicate with a second network node or a third network node. In one aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network node may be a UE, the second network node may be a base station, and the third network node may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first network node, the second network node, and the third network node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE, base station, device, equipment, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE, base station, device, equipment, computing system, etc. as a network node. For example, a disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node. Consistent with the present disclosure, once a specific example is expanded according to the present disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node), a broader example of a narrower example may be interpreted in reverse, but in a broad, open-ended manner. In the above example where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network node is configured to receive information from a second network node, the first network node may refer to a first UE configured to receive information, a first base station, a first device, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more components, a first processing entity, etc.; and the second network node may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second device, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, etc.

[0062] As described herein, different terms may be used in various aspects to describe the communication of information (e.g., any information or signal, etc.). The disclosure of one communication term includes the disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network node may be described as being configured to send information to a second network node. In this example and consistent with the present disclosure, the disclosure that the first network node is configured to send information to the second network node includes the disclosure that the first network node is configured to provide, transmit, output, communicate, or send information to the second network node. Similarly, in this example and consistent with the present disclosure, the disclosure that the first network node is configured to send information to the second network node includes the disclosure that the second network node is configured to receive, obtain, or decode information provided, transmitted, output, communicated, or sent by the first network node.

[0063] As shown, a network node (e.g., network entity 105) may include a processing system 106. Similarly, a network node (e.g., UE 115) may include a processing system 112. The processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents), such as one or more components described herein. For example, a corresponding component in one or more components may be at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor, may be similar to at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor, may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor, or may be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, the processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to the second component and the third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. The processing system may generally be a system or components that can perform one or more functions (such as any function or combination of functions described herein). For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information as input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information), one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information as output, such as a signal or any other information), one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, "input" and "input information" may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, "output" and "output information" may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components, such as a network node described herein. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface or a second communication interface). For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.

[0064] The processing system of the network node described herein may be docked with one or more other components of the network node, may process information (such as input information) received from one or more other components, or may output information to one or more other components. For example, the processing system may include a first component configured to dock with one or more other components of the network node to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface), the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., coupled to a communication interface and / or at least one memory), and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface or a second communication interface). For example, a chip or a modem of a network node may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second communication interface for outputting, sending, or providing information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to send information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, send or provide information.

[0065] In some aspects, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 or with each other or both. For example, the network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some aspects, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols) directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130). In some aspects, the network entities 105 may communicate with each other via the midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to the midhaul interface protocol) or the fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to the fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, the midhaul communication links 162, or the fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc. or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0066] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation Node B, or a Gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home Evolved Node B, or other suitable terminology). In some aspects, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140).

[0067] In some aspects, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, an intelligent radio head, a remote radio head (RRH), a remote radio unit (RRU), or a transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some aspects, one or more network entities 105 of the decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0068] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and may support different functions, depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between CU 160 and DU 165, such that CU 160 may support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 may support one or more different layers of a protocol stack. In some aspects, CU 160 may host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functions and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functions and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between CU 160 and DU 165 or between DU 165 and RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by different ones of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some aspects, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented according to an interface (eg, a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0069] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be controlled in part by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a coupled IAB donor's DU 165. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some aspects, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0070] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), communications between an IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate a connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), wherein the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining a signaling message (e.g., an F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link).

[0071] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc.). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay for UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Thus, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104 , and a DU interface (eg, DU 165 ) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal to the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115 .

[0072] For example, the IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communications for a child IAB node or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130, and may act as a parent node of the IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay the transmission to the UE 115 through the IAB node 104, or may directly signal the transmission to the UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal the establishment of a communication link to the IAB node 104 via the F1 interface, and the IAB node 104 may schedule the transmission (e.g., the transmission relayed from the IAB donor to the UE 115) via the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from the IAB node 104 via signaling via the NR Uu interface of the MT to the IAB node 104. Communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 .

[0073] Where the techniques described herein are applied to the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support selection of antenna elements having L-shaped antenna modules as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0074] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where a "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some aspects, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0075] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 as shown in .

[0076] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send", "receive", or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0077] In some aspects, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by a UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be made by a UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, in which case a different carrier (e.g., of the same or different radio access technology) is used to anchor the connection.

[0078] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry downlink communications and uplink communications (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0079] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some aspects, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths of carriers for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., the network entity 105, the UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communications using a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communications using one of the carrier bandwidths in the set of carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0080] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The amount of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively higher amount of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of the modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0081] One or more parameter sets for a carrier may be supported, and the parameter set may include subcarrier spacing (Δf) and cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different parameter sets. In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some aspects, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time, and communications for a UE 115 may be limited to one or more active BWPs.

[0082] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0083] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some aspects, a frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0084] A subframe, a time slot, a mini-time slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some aspects, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0085] According to various techniques, physical channels may be multiplexed using carriers for communication. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed for signaling via downlink carriers, for example, using one or more of a time division multiplexing (TDM) technique, a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique, or a hybrid TDM-FDM technique. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across a system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 , and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0086] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hot spots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other cell identifier) ​​used to distinguish adjacent cells. In some aspects, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) on which a logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors (such as the capabilities of the network entity 105), such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., structures, subsets of structures) to larger areas. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, etc.

[0087] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider that supports the macro cell. Small cells may be associated with lower power network entities 105 (e.g., lower power base stations 140) compared to macro cells, and small cells may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have service subscriptions with a network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with small cells (e.g., UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office). The network entity 105 may support one or more cells, and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications via one or more cells.

[0088] In some aspects, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0089] In some aspects, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) may be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some aspects, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0090] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and in some aspects, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous operation or asynchronous operation.

[0091] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some aspects, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents the information to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, health care monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0092] Some UEs 115 may be configured to adopt an operating mode that reduces power consumption, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not transmit and receive concurrently). In some aspects, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other energy-saving techniques for UE 115 include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not participating in active communications, operating using limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0093] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication, and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms "ultra-reliable", "low latency", and "ultra-reliable low latency" are used interchangeably herein.

[0094] In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 in a group that are performing D2D communication may be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside of the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some aspects, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each other UE 115 in the group. In some aspects, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0095] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be delivered through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP service 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0096] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands that may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves may be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macro cells provide service to UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than communications using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0097] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate in an ultra-high frequency (SHF) zone (also known as a centimeter band) that can be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz or an extremely high frequency (EHF) zone (also known as a millimeter band) that uses a spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz). In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between UE 115 and network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU170), and the EHF antenna of the corresponding device may be smaller and more closely spaced than the UHF antenna. In some aspects, such technology may facilitate the use of antenna arrays within the device. However, the propagation of EHF transmissions may be subjected to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The technology disclosed herein may be adopted across transmissions using one or more different frequency zones, and the use of frequency bands specified across these frequency zones may differ by country or regulatory agency.

[0098] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some aspects, operations performed using unlicensed bands may be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in conjunction with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, and the like.

[0099] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ technologies such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located in one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly such as an antenna tower. In some aspects, antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals sent via the antenna ports.

[0100] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by sending or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such a technology may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may be sent, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals may be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO technologies include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), in which multiple spatial layers are sent to multiple devices.

[0101] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or direct an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining signals conveyed via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals conveyed via antenna elements may include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. Adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0102] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning techniques as part of a beamforming operation. For example, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be sent multiple times by the network entity 105 along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may send signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105), or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) beam directions for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.

[0103] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115)). In some aspects, a beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals sent by network entity 105 along different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0104] In some aspects, transmission by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from the network entity 105 to the UE 115). The UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more subbands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel codebook, a linear combination codebook, a port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals sent along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), UE 115 may use similar techniques to send signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by UE 115), or to send signals along a single direction (e.g., to send data to a receiving device).

[0105] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple receiving directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different receiving beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing received signals according to different receiving beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some aspects, a receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest SNR, or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0106] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. The MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmission to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer may provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection for a radio bearer supporting user plane data between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 or the core network 130. The PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.

[0107] UE 115 and network entity 105 may support retransmission of data to increase the likelihood of data being successfully received. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is a technique for increasing the likelihood of correctly receiving data via a communication link (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ)). HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some aspects, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received in a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot or according to some other time interval.

[0108] In the wireless communication system 100, some UEs 115 and network entities 105 may use multiple antennas in millimeter wave systems and at higher carrier frequencies such as those below terahertz. Multiple antennas may also be used at frequencies such as those between 7.125 GHz and 24.25 GHz. Beamforming from multiple antennas may be used in millimeter wave systems, for example, to bridge link budgets. The UE 115 and / or the network entity 105 may include multiple antenna modules or antenna panels, each of which includes a collection of antenna elements that may be in phase in beamforming. The use of multiple modules or panels may allow the ability to meet spherical coverage requirements with or without obstruction (e.g., hand or body obstruction at the UE 115). The use of multiple modules may allow for improved robustness of beam switching on antenna modules. Some UEs 115 may include three antenna modules on three edges (e.g., two antenna modules on the long edge of the UE 115 and one antenna module on the top or bottom short edge). For example, each antenna module of a three-antenna module UE may include a 4×1 or 5×1 dual-polarized antenna array. Different antenna module designs and configurations may be used, for example, in millimeter wave systems. For example, more antenna elements may be designed into an antenna module (e.g., more than 5×1). As another example, a smaller number of antenna modules or panels may be used (e.g., less than three). For example, millimeter wave communications may be used for lower cost devices, and reducing the number of antenna modules or panels may reduce costs. Different manufacturers may place antenna modules at different locations for beamforming and performance tradeoff purposes.

[0109] Some UEs 115 may include an L-shaped antenna module, meaning that the antenna module includes a first array of antenna elements in one dimension (e.g., plane or side) and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension (e.g., plane or side). Figure 2A An example UE 115 with an L-shaped antenna module is illustrated in FIG. In the L-shaped antenna module, an antenna element configuration that combines antenna elements across both sides of the "L" can be used. Each antenna element can be dual-polarized, which means that for each antenna element, there is an H polarization and a V polarization (or an equivalent set of slant 45 degree polarization and slant negative 45 degree polarization).

[0110] In some aspects, the UE 115 may be statically configured to combine an H-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with an H-pole antenna on the other side of the "L", and statically configured to combine a V-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with a V-pole antenna on the other side of the "L". In some aspects, the UE 115 may dynamically select the configuration of the antenna elements of the L-shaped antenna module to enhance performance and power consumption. The UE 115 may report to the network entity 105 that the UE 115 has one or more L-shaped antenna modules, and the network entity may schedule one or more reference signals based on the report. The UE 115 may receive one or more scheduled reference signals from the network entity 105. Based on measurements of reference signals using different antenna element configurations, the UE 115 may select an antenna element configuration. For example, these measurements may be RSRP measurements, RSRQ measurements, SNR measurements, SINR measurements, or CIR measurements. In some aspects, the UE 115 may report the selected antenna element configuration to the network entity 105, and the network entity 105 may select a TCI state to use for communicating with the UE 115 based on the reported antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE 115 may determine a TCI state to use for communicating with the network entity 105 based on the selected antenna element configuration.

[0111] In some aspects, UE 115 may select whether to use a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. UE 115 may report to network entity 105 whether UE 115 is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration. Network entity 105 may adjust transmit power and rate based on whether UE 115 is using a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration.

[0112] Figure 2A An example of a UE diagram 200 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, the UE diagram 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the UE diagram 200 may include a UE 115-a, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein.

[0113] As described herein, some UEs, such as UE 115-a, may include an L-shaped antenna module 205. The L-shaped antenna module 205 may be mounted on a long edge 230 and a rear edge 235 of the UE 115-a. The L-shaped antenna module 205 includes a first side 210 and a second side 215, which may be angled approximately 90 degrees relative to each other. Each of the first side 210 and the second side 215 of the L-shaped antenna module may include a number of antenna elements 220.

[0114] The antenna elements 220 across the first side 210 and the second side 215 may be combined relative to antenna selection across only one side of the L-shaped antenna module 205. For example, each antenna element 220 may be dual polarized. In some aspects, the UE 115-a may be statically configured to combine an H-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with an H-pole antenna on the other side of the "L", and statically configured to combine a V-pole antenna on one side of the "L" with a V-pole antenna on the other side of the "L".

[0115] In some aspects, the UE 115-a may dynamically select the configuration of the antenna elements 220 to enhance performance and power consumption. For example, the UE 115-a may selectively activate the antenna elements 220, and accordingly, some antenna elements 220 may be inactive and some antenna elements may be active. The L-shaped antenna module 205-a illustrates an example where the top two antenna elements 220 on the first side 210 and the second side 215 are active and the bottom two antenna elements 220 on the first side 210 and the second side 215 are inactive (e.g., a 2×2 configuration). The L-shaped antenna module 205-b illustrates an example where the antenna elements 220 on the first side 210 are active and the antenna elements 220 on the second side 215 are inactive (e.g., a 4×1 configuration). If each antenna element 220 uses the same amount of power, the L-shaped antenna module 205-a and the L-shaped antenna module 205-b may consume the same amount of power from within the same radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) (because each uses 4 active antenna elements 220).

[0116] In some aspects, an obstruction 225 (e.g., caused by fingers of a user's hand holding the UE 115-a) may block some antenna elements (e.g., the bottom antenna element 220 of the L-shaped antenna module 205), resulting in partial obstruction. In a partial obstruction scenario, the configuration of the L-shaped antenna module 205-a may have better performance than the configuration of the L-shaped antenna module 205-b. In some examples, in a full obstruction scenario, the L-shaped antenna module 205-a may have better performance than the configuration of the L-shaped antenna module 205-b. In some aspects, in the absence of obstruction, the L-shaped antenna module 205-a may have similar performance to the configuration of the L-shaped antenna module 205-b. In some aspects, based on the angle of incidence of the beamformed transmitted or received signal, the L-shaped antenna module 205-a or one of the L-shaped antenna modules 205-a may have better performance.

[0117] Thus, as described herein, in some aspects, the UE 115-a may dynamically select a configuration of the antenna element 220 of the L-shaped antenna module 205 to enhance performance and power consumption. The UE 115-a may report to the network entity 105 that the UE 115-a has the L-shaped antenna module 205, and the network entity 105 may schedule one or more reference signals based on the report. The UE 115-a may receive one or more scheduled reference signals from the network entity 105. Based on measurements of reference signals using different antenna element configurations of the L-shaped antenna module 205, the UE 115-a may select an antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE 115-a may report the selected antenna element configuration to the network entity, and the network entity 105 may select a TCI state to be used for communication with the UE 115-a based on the reported antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE 115-a may determine the TCI state to be used for communication with the network entity 105 based on the selected antenna element configuration.

[0118] Figure 2B An example of a UE diagram 250 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, the UE diagram 250 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the UE diagram 250 can include the Figure 2A UE 115 - a described.

[0119] In some examples, as shown in UE diagram 250, antenna module 205 of UE 115-a may include a third side 255 mounted on short edge 260 of UE 115-a. Third side 255 may be angled approximately 90 degrees relative to each of first side 210 (on long edge 230) and second side 215 (on rear edge 235). Similar to first side 215 and second side 215, third side 255 may include a number of antenna elements.

[0120] In some examples, the antenna module 205 can be L-shaped (e.g., can include two sides (e.g., two of the first side 210, the second side 215, or the third side 255). For example, in a first design, the antenna module 205 can include the first side 210 and the second side 215, but not the third side 255 (e.g., as shown in FIG. Figure 2A). In a second design, the antenna module may include a first side 210 and a third side 255, but not a second side 215. In the first design, the first side 210 has a visual axis along the X-axis and scans along the XZ plane, and the second side 215 has a visual axis along the Y-axis and scans along the YZ plane. In the second design, the first side 210 has a visual axis along the X-axis and scans along the XZ plane, and the third side 255 has a visual axis along the Z-axis and scans along the XZ plane. In some examples, since the scanning plane redundancy of the two sides may result in overlap in coverage area, the beam weights for the second design may be designed in a more efficient manner (fewer number of beam weights for the same performance) than the first design. For example, the second design may operate similar to a linear array, while the first design may operate more like a 2-dimensional / planar array.

[0121] In some aspects, the first design may be more practical in terms of module placement because performance may not vary with position (e.g., as long as edge (e.g., long edge 230) and rear placement (rear edge 235) are possible). The first design may provide greater flexibility than the second design. In the second design, routing of the feed from the RFIC to the more distant antenna element 220 may be easier than in the first design. The second design may also be less susceptible to hand blockage because users of UE 115-a typically do not place their hands on the corners of the device. In addition, the second design may have better spherical coverage because the second design can be used to focus on the network entity 105 in upright mode (which is a typical use case). The beam management overhead of the second design may also be smaller (compared to the first design). However, the second design may compete for space for antennas below 6 GHz, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and / or near field communication (NFC).

[0122] In some aspects, as shown in UE diagram 250, UE 115-a may include an antenna module 205 that includes three sides (e.g., covering a first design and a second design). In some aspects, UE 115-a may dynamically select between the two designs based on channel conditions and use case requirements (e.g., two of the three sides may be selected (e.g., first side 210 and second side 215 or first side 210 and third side 255)). This dynamic selection of the sides of antenna module 205 may be based on better spherical coverage performance, routing losses, or greater resilience to obstructions. In some aspects, the RF connections between the sides (first side 210, second side 215, and third side 255) may be dynamically rewired based on the selection.

[0123] Figure 3An example of a polarization diagram 300 that supports selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, the polarization diagram 300 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 or the UE diagram 200. For example, the polarization diagram 300 can implement the L-shaped antenna module 205 as described with respect to FIG. 2.

[0124] UE 115 may include an L-shaped antenna module 205-c that includes a number of antenna elements (e.g., antenna element 220-a, antenna element 220-b, and antenna element 220-c) on a first side 210-a of the L-shaped antenna module 205-c and a number of antenna elements (e.g., antenna element 220-d, antenna element 220-e, and antenna element 220-f) on a second side 215-a of the L-shaped antenna module 205-c. Each of the antenna elements (e.g., antenna element 220-a, antenna element 220-b, antenna element 220-c, antenna element 220-d, antenna element 220-e, and antenna element 220-f) may be dual-polarized. In a linear or planar antenna array, the antenna elements on the H pole may be combined for one layer, and the antenna elements on the V pole may be combined for a second layer. In the L-shaped antenna module 205-c, the H antenna on the first side 210-a can be combined with the H antenna or the V antenna on the second side 215-a. Similarly, in the L-shaped antenna module 205-c, the V antenna on the first side 210-a can be combined with the H antenna or the V antenna on the second side 215-a. Whether the H antenna on one side should be combined with the V antenna or the H antenna on the other side to obtain optimal performance may depend on the angle of interest of the beamformed received or transmitted signal 325 and the polarization properties of the UE 115.

[0125] In some examples, the UE 115 may be statically configured to combine an H-pole antenna on the first side 210-a with an H-pole antenna on the second side 215-a, and statically configured to combine a V-pole antenna on the first side 210-a with a V-pole antenna on the second side 215-a. Static configuration may result in suboptimal performance based on the angle of interest of the received or transmitted signal 325 and / or the polarization properties of the UE 115. Dynamic (e.g., unconstrained) polarization combination may produce better array gain than a static polarization combination configuration. For example, for spherical coverage, dynamic polarization combination may produce 0.5 dB gain for 25% of the sphere, 0.75 dB gain for 15% of the sphere, and 1 dB gain for 10% of the sphere. The portions of the sphere where gain can be seen may be those portions of the sphere where such gain may produce significantly improved performance.

[0126] For example, in a dynamic polarization combining configuration, for a first angle of a beamformed received or transmitted signal 325, the UE 115 may combine an H antenna on the first side 210-a with an H antenna on the second side 215-a and combine a V antenna on the first side 210-a with a V antenna on the second side 215-a, and for a second angle of a beamformed received or transmitted signal 325, the UE may combine an H antenna on the first side 210-a with a V antenna on the second side 215-a and combine the V antenna on the first side 210-a with an H antenna on the second side 215-a. The UE 115 may include dynamic RF switching circuitry to implement dynamic polarization combining. Dynamic polarization combining may increase power consumption compared to static polarization combining, and thus, in some aspects, the UE may determine when to implement dynamic polarization combining for power consumption considerations.

[0127] Figure 4 An example of a wireless communication system 400 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 400 can include a UE 115-b, which can be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. The wireless communication system 400 can include a network entity 105-a, which can be an example of a network entity 105 as described herein.

[0128] UE 115-b may communicate with network entity 105-a using communication link 125-a, which may be an example of an NR or LTE link between UE 115-b and network entity 105-a. Communication link 125-a may include a bidirectional link that enables both uplink communication and downlink communication. For example, UE 115-b may use communication link 125-a to send uplink transmissions 405, such as uplink control signals or uplink data signals, to network entity 105-a, and network entity 105-a may use communication link 125-a to send downlink transmissions 410, such as downlink control signals or downlink data signals, to UE 115-b.

[0129] As described herein, UE 115-b may include an antenna module (e.g., an L-shaped antenna module) that includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some aspects, UE 115-b may send first control information 415 to network entity 105-a, the first control information including an indication that UE 115-b includes the L-shaped antenna module.

[0130] Based on the indication that UE 115-b includes an L-shaped antenna module, network entity 105-a may send scheduling information 420 for a set of reference signals, and UE 115-b may receive the scheduling information. Based on the scheduling information, network entity 105-a may send the set of reference signals, and UE 115-b may receive the set of reference signals. UE 115-b may generate measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals 425. UE 115-b may send second control information 430 to network entity 105-a based on the measurement information.

[0131] For example, to obtain optimal performance of an L-shaped module in a blocked mode (e.g., caused by a finger of a user holding UE 115-b), UE 115-b may select an antenna element configuration from a set of antenna element configurations (which may all consume the same amount of power) based on the measurement information. In some examples, UE 115-b may report the selected antenna element configuration via second control information 430, and network entity 105-a may send third control information 435 indicating a TCI state to be used for communicating with network entity 105-a based on the reported antenna element configuration. In some examples, UE 115-b may select a TCI state based on the selected antenna element configuration, and UE 115-b may report the selected TCI state via second control information 430.

[0132] The performance optimization of the selected antenna element configuration may be captured by the array gain achieved with the selected antenna element. In some aspects, a set of antenna configurations that consume the same amount of power may correspond to different selections of antenna elements within the same side of the L-shaped antenna module or across two sides of the L-shaped antenna module. For example, UE 115-b may select antenna elements based on the type of obstruction (e.g., based on a user's hand grip, how many antenna elements are obstructed, or UE housing properties).

[0133] In some aspects, via the second control information 430, the UE 115-b may indicate different options of antenna element configurations that consume different power levels and the power difference, and the network entity 105-a may select the antenna element configuration based on the power difference. The network entity 105-a may indicate the selected antenna element configuration via the third control information 435. In some aspects, the UE 115-b may indicate measurement information (e.g., RSRP measurement, RSRQ measurement, SINR measurement, SNR measurement, or CIR measurement) corresponding to the different antenna element configurations via the second control information 430, and the network entity 105-a may select the antenna element configuration based on the reported measurement information. The network entity 105-a may indicate the selected antenna element configuration via the third control information 435.

[0134] In some aspects, based on the set 425 of reference signals, the UE 115-b may determine whether to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements. For example, the UE 115-b may determine whether to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements based on the power and / or thermal overhead generated when selecting a dynamic polarization configuration versus a static polarization combination configuration and the potential gain for the dynamic polarization configuration. For example, the potential gain may be achieved based on transmit and receive array gain improvements. The selection may also depend on the angle of interest (e.g., corresponding to the angular spread of the dominant cluster and the dominant cluster), the number of antenna elements used in combination, the UE housing and / or UE material polarization properties, the orientation difference across the two sides of the L, or the installation of the L-shaped antenna module on the UE 115-b. In some aspects, the UE 115-b may report to the network entity 105-a (e.g., via the second control information 430) whether the UE 115-b will operate in a cross-polarization configuration, a co-polarization configuration, or a dynamically switched configuration. Based on the report of the polarization configuration, the network entity 105 - a may adjust the transmit power and rate control of the downlink transmission 410 to the UE 115 - b .

[0135] In some aspects, the UE 115-b may report to the network entity 105-a (e.g., in the first control information 415 or in other signaling) that the UE 115-b is capable of dynamic polarization combining (e.g., dynamically switching between a co-polarization configuration and a cross-polarization configuration). In response, the network entity 105-a may send one or more reference signals (e.g., a set 425 of reference signals). In some aspects, the UE 115-b may determine a signal strength measurement (e.g., an RSRP measurement, an RSRQ measurement, an SNR measurement, an SINR measurement, or a CIR measurement) of a reference signal using one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration. If the UE 115-b determines that the signal strength measurement exceeds a configured threshold, the UE 115-b may determine not to implement dynamic polarization combining. If the UE 115-b determines that the signal strength measurement does not exceed the configured threshold, the UE 115-b may determine to implement dynamic polarization combining (or determine to use the other of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration). In some aspects, UE 115-b may determine a first signal strength measurement (e.g., an RSRP measurement, an RSRQ measurement, an SNR measurement, an SINR measurement, or a CIR measurement) of one reference signal using a cross-polarization configuration and determine a second signal strength measurement of a second reference signal using a co-polarization configuration. UE 115-b may select to use one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration based on the first signal strength measurement and the second signal strength measurement.

[0136] In some aspects, UE 115-b may report measurement information via second control information 430, and network entity 105-a may determine whether UE 115-b should use a static polarization combination configuration or a dynamic polarization combination configuration. Network entity 105-a may indicate to UE 115-b via third control information 435 whether UE 115-b should use a static polarization combination configuration or a dynamic polarization combination configuration.

[0137] Figure 5 An example of an antenna module diagram 500 that supports selecting antenna elements having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some aspects, antenna module diagram 500 can implement aspects of wireless communication system 100, wireless communication system 400, or UE diagram 200.

[0138] As described herein, the UE 115 may include an L-shaped antenna module 205-d that may include a number of antenna elements 220-g in a first side 210-b of the L-shaped antenna module 205-d and a second side 215-b of the L-shaped antenna module 205-d. The UE 115 may dynamically select and combine antenna elements, for example, at the radio frequency, inter-frequency, or baseband level. In a higher frequency band (e.g., at 60 GHz), the aperture may accommodate more antenna elements 220-g than the same aperture at a lower frequency band (e.g., 28 GHz). For example, an aperture of a 4×1 array at 28 GHz may accommodate an 8×2 array at 60 GHz. At 60 GHz, one RFIC may control 16 antenna feeds on two polarizations. Thus, for the L-shaped antenna module 205-d, four RFICs may be used to control an 8×2 array of antenna elements on two sides (first side 210-b and second side 215-b) compared to a single RFIC that may be used to control a 4×1 array of antenna elements on both sides of the L-shaped antenna module at 28 GHz. Similar extensions are possible for sub-terahertz frequencies.

[0139] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 600 may include a UE 115-c, which may be an example of a UE 115 as described herein. The process flow 600 may include a network entity 105-b, which may be an example of a network entity 105 as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, operations between the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-c may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or operations performed by the network entity 105-b and the UE 115-c may be performed in a different order or at a different time. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.

[0140] At 605, UE 115-c may send first control information to network entity 105-b, the first control information including an indication of a type of antenna module of UE 115-c, wherein the type of antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. In some aspects, the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0141] At 610 , based on the type of antenna module, the network entity 105 - b may send scheduling information for a set of reference signals, and the UE 115 - c may receive the scheduling information.

[0142] At 615 , based on the scheduling information, the network entity 105 - b may send a set of reference signals, and the UE 115 - c may receive the set of reference signals.

[0143] At 620 , the UE 115 - c may generate measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals.

[0144] At 625 , the UE 115 - c may send second control information to the network entity 105 - b based on the measurement information.

[0145] In some aspects, the UE 115-c may determine a first antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations based on the measurement information, and the second control information may include an indication of the first antenna element configuration. In some aspects, the UE 115-c may receive an indication of a TCI state from the network entity 105-b based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration. In some aspects, generating the measurement information includes determining a corresponding signal strength measurement (e.g., an RSRP measurement, an RSRQ measurement, an SNR measurement, an SINR measurement, or a CIR measurement) for each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations, and each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations is associated with the same power consumption level. In some aspects, the UE 115-c may receive a third control information from the network entity 105-b, the third control information including an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration and a corresponding TCI state, and the indication of the first antenna element configuration includes an indication of a corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0146] In some aspects, generating the measurement information includes determining a corresponding RSRP measurement (or RSRQ measurement, SNR measurement, SINR measurement, or CIR measurement) for each antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations, and the second control information includes an indication of the corresponding RSRP measurement (or RSRQ measurement, SNR measurement, SINR measurement, or CIR measurement).

[0147] In some aspects, the UE 115 - c may receive an indication of the TCI status from the network entity 105 - b based on the second control information.

[0148] In some aspects, each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, and at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array.

[0149] In some aspects, the UE 115-c may send third control information to the network entity 105-b, the third control information including an indication of an ability of the UE 115-c to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein reception of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information. In some aspects, generating the measurement information includes determining whether a signal strength measurement for a single reference signal for one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration satisfies a threshold, and the set of reference signals is a single reference signal. In some aspects, generating the measurement information includes generating a first RSRP measurement (or RSRQ measurement, SNR measurement, SINR measurement, or CIR measurement) for a first reference signal for a cross-polarization configuration, and generating a second RSRP measurement (or RSRQ measurement, SNR measurement, SINR measurement, or CIR measurement) for a second reference signal for a co-polarization configuration, and the set of reference signals includes the first reference signal and the second reference signal. In some aspects, the UE 115 - c may receive fourth control information from the network entity 105 - b, the fourth control information including an indication for dynamically switching between the co-polarization configuration and the cross-polarization configuration based on the second control information.

[0150] In some aspects, the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements on a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension. In some aspects, the UE 115-c may select both of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on a set of reference signals (e.g., based on the determined channel conditions). The UE 115-c may communicate with the network entity 105-b via the selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array. In some aspects, the UE 115-c may select the antenna element configuration of the antenna elements in the selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals. In some aspects, sending the first control information includes sending the following: the type of the antenna module includes an indication of a third array of antenna elements on a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and the UE 115-c is able to dynamically select both of the first array, the second array, and the third array. In some aspects, the third dimension is perpendicular to the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0151] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 705 can be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 can include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 can also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0152] Receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to selecting antenna elements having an L-shaped antenna module), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be communicated to other components of device 705. Receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0153] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to selecting antenna elements having an L-shaped antenna module), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0154] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0155] In some aspects, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured to or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0156] Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0157] In some aspects, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in conjunction with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0158] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at a first network node. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0159] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to examples as described herein, a device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, a communication manager 720, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) may support techniques for reducing power consumption and more efficiently utilizing communication resources.

[0160] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 of a device 805 supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0161] The receiver 810 may provide means for receiving information associated with various information channels (e.g., a control channel, a data channel, an information channel related to selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. The information may be communicated to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0162] The transmitter 815 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to selecting antenna elements with an L-shaped antenna module), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with the receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0163] The device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may include an antenna module type indication manager 825, a reference signal scheduling manager 830, a reference signal reception manager 835, a reference signal measurement manager 840, a control information transmission manager 845, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 820 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 720 as described herein. In some aspects, the communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communication manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, transmit information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0164] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication at a first network node. The antenna module type indication manager 825 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The reference signal scheduling manager 830 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The reference signal reception manager 835 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The reference signal measurement manager 840 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The control information transmission manager 845 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0165] Fig. 9 A block diagram 900 of a communication manager 920 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include an antenna module type indication manager 925, a reference signal scheduling manager 930, a reference signal reception manager 935, a reference signal measurement manager 940, a control information transmission manager 945, an antenna element configuration manager 950, a TCI state manager 955, an antenna element configuration switching manager 960, a reference signal strength manager 965, an antenna array manager 970, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0166] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a first network node. The antenna module type indication manager 925 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The reference signal scheduling manager 930 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The reference signal reception manager 935 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of reference signals via a set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The reference signal measurement manager 940 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The control information transmission manager 945 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0167] In some aspects, antenna element configuration manager 950 may be configured or otherwise support components for determining a first antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations based on the measurement information, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0168] In some aspects, the TCI state manager 955 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of the TCI state from the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0169] In some aspects, to support generating measurement information, the reference signal strength manager 965 may be configured as or otherwise support components for determining a corresponding signal strength measurement for each antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations, wherein each antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations is associated with the same power consumption level.

[0170] In some aspects, the antenna element configuration manager 950 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving third control information from a second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration and a corresponding TCI state, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration comprises an indication of a corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0171] In some aspects, to support generating the measurement information, the reference signal reception manager 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for determining a corresponding RSRP measurement for each antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the corresponding RSRP measurement.

[0172] In some aspects, the TCI state manager 955 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving an indication of the TCI state from the second network node based on the second control information.

[0173] In some aspects, each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer. In some aspects, at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array. In some aspects, at least one antenna element configuration in the set of multiple antenna element configurations includes a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array.

[0174] In some aspects, the antenna element configuration switching manager 960 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, wherein reception of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

[0175] In some aspects, to support generating measurement information, the reference signal strength manager 965 may be configured as or otherwise support components for determining whether a signal strength measurement for a single reference signal for one of a cross-polarization configuration or a co-polarization configuration satisfies a threshold, wherein the set of reference signals includes the single reference signal.

[0176] In some aspects, to support generating the measurement information, the reference signal strength manager 965 may be configured or otherwise support means for generating a first RSRP measurement for a first reference signal for a cross-polarization configuration. In some aspects, to support generating the measurement information, the reference signal strength manager 965 may be configured or otherwise support means for generating a second RSRP measurement for a second reference signal for a co-polarization configuration, wherein the set of reference signals includes the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0177] In some aspects, antenna element configuration switching manager 960 may be configured or otherwise support means for receiving fourth control information from the second network node, the fourth control information comprising an indication to dynamically switch between the co-polarization configuration and the cross-polarization configuration based on the second control information.

[0178] In some aspects, the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0179] In some examples, the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0180] In some examples, antenna array manager 970 may be configured or otherwise support components for selecting two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals. In some examples, antenna array manager 970 may be configured or otherwise support components for communicating with the second network node via the selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

[0181] In some examples, antenna element configuration switching manager 960 may be configured or otherwise support components for selecting antenna element configurations of antenna elements in selected ones of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on a set of reference signals.

[0182] In some examples, to support sending the first control information, the antenna module type indication manager 925 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending the first control information including: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is able to dynamically select two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

[0183] In some examples, the third dimension is perpendicular to the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0184] Fig.10 A diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communications, including components for sending communications and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an input / output (I / O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, a code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045).

[0185] I / O controller 1010 can manage input signals and output signals of device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 1040). In some cases, a user may interact with device 1005 via I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1010.

[0186] In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, a wired or wireless link, as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015 or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025 may be examples of transmitters 715, transmitters 815, receivers 710, receivers 810, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0187] The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the processor 1040, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1030 may also include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0188] Processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1040. Processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1030) to enable device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., a function or task that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module). For example, device 1005 or a component of device 1005 may include processor 1040 and memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to processor 1040, and processor 1040 and memory 1030 are configured to perform various functions described herein.

[0189] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a first network node. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving a set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The communication manager 1020 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0190] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, the device 1005 can support techniques for reducing power consumption, more efficiently utilizing communication resources, and improving coordination between devices.

[0191] In some aspects, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0192] Fig.11A block diagram 1100 of a device 1105 supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0193] The receiver 1110 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1105. In some aspects, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0194] The transmitter 1115 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some aspects, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0195] The communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0196] In some aspects, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that is configured as or otherwise supports components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory) to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0197] Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in the present disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0198] In some aspects, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both. For example, the communication manager 1120 may receive information from the receiver 1110, transmit information to the transmitter 1115, or be integrated in conjunction with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0199] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a first network node. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0200] By including or configuring a communications manager 1120 according to the examples described herein, a device 1105 (e.g., a processor controlling a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, a communications manager 1120, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) may support techniques for reducing power consumption and more efficiently utilizing communications resources.

[0201] Fig.12 A block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of the device 1105 or the network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0202] The receiver 1210 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be communicated to other components of the device 1205. In some aspects, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0203] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., sending, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some aspects, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by sending signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0204] The device 1205 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may include an antenna module type indication manager 1225, a reference signal scheduling manager 1230, a reference signal transmission manager 1235, a control information reception manager 1240, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 1220 may be an example of various aspects of the communication manager 1120 as described herein. In some aspects, the communication manager 1220 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communication manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, transmit information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0205] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication at a first network node. The antenna module type indication manager 1225 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The reference signal scheduling manager 1230 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The reference signal transmission manager 1235 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending a set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information. The control information reception manager 1240 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0206] Fig.13 A block diagram 1300 of a communication manager 1320 that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The communication manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120, the communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1320 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may include an antenna module type indication manager 1325, a reference signal scheduling manager 1330, a reference signal transmission manager 1335, a control information reception manager 1340, an antenna element configuration switching manager 1345, a TCI state manager 1350, an antenna element configuration manager 1355, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with the network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with the network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0207] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a first network node. The antenna module type indication manager 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The reference signal scheduling manager 1330 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The reference signal transmission manager 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support means for sending a set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information. The control information reception manager 1340 may be configured to or otherwise support means for receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0208] In some aspects, the second control information includes an indication of a first antenna element configuration for the set of antenna elements.

[0209] In some aspects, the TCI state manager 1350 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending an indication of the TCI state to the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0210] In some aspects, the antenna element configuration manager 1355 may be configured to or otherwise support components for sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations and a corresponding TCI state, wherein the set of multiple antenna element configurations comprises a first antenna element configuration, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration comprises an indication of a corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0211] In some aspects, the second control information includes an indication of respective RSRP measurements associated with a set of multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements.

[0212] In some aspects, the TCI state manager 1350 may be configured or otherwise support means for sending an indication of the TCI state to the second network node based on the second control information.

[0213] In some aspects, the antenna element configuration switching manager 1345 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of the ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein sending of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

[0214] In some aspects, the set of reference signals comprises a single reference signal.In some aspects, the second control information comprises an indication of one of a co-polarization configuration or a cross-polarization configuration.

[0215] In some aspects, the set of reference signals includes a first reference signal and a second reference signal.In some aspects, the second control information includes an indication of one of a co-polarization configuration or a cross-polarization configuration.

[0216] In some aspects, the first control information further indicates that the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0217] In some examples, to support receiving first control information, the antenna module type indication manager 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving first control information including: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is capable of dynamically selecting two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

[0218] Fig.14 A diagram of a system 1400 including a device 1405 supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1405 may be an example of a device 1105, a device 1205, or a network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1405 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication through one or more wired interfaces, through one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1405 may include components that support output and acquisition of communications, such as a communication manager 1420, a transceiver 1410, an antenna 1415, a memory 1425, a code 1430, and a processor 1435. These components may be electronically communicated or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1440).

[0219] As described herein, the transceiver 1410 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both. In some aspects, the transceiver 1410 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, the transceiver 1410 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some aspects, the device 1405 may include one or more antennas 1415 that may be able to (e.g., concurrently) send or receive wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1410 may also include a modem for modulating a signal, thereby providing a modulated signal for transmission (e.g., through one or more antennas 1415, through a wired transmitter), for receiving a modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1415, from a wired receiver), and for demodulating a signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various transmitting operations or output operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components that are operable to: perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals; or generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1435 or memory 1425 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1405. In some aspects, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0220] Memory 1425 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1430 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1435, cause device 1405 to perform various functions described herein. Code 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1430 may not be directly executable by processor 1435, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1425 may also include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0221] Processor 1435 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1435 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1435. Processor 1435 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1425) to enable device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., a function or task that supports selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module). For example, device 1405 or a component of device 1405 may include processor 1435 and memory 1425 coupled to processor 1435, and processor 1435 and memory 1425 are configured to perform various functions described herein. Processor 1435 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software, such as an operating system, a virtual machine, or a container instance) that may host functions for performing functions of device 1405 (e.g., by executing code 1430). Processor 1435 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1405 (such as within memory 1425). In some implementations, processor 1435 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive inputs and process those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be delivered to, for example, other systems or components of device 1405). For example, a processing system of device 1405 may refer to a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of device 1405 (such as processor 1435 or transceiver 1410 or communication manager 1420 or other components or combinations of components of device 1405). The processing system of device 1405 may interface with other components of device 1405 and may process information (such as input or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of device 1405 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, as well as other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1405 can send information output from the chip or modem.Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1405 may obtain information or signal input, and the information may be passed to the processing system. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0222] In some aspects, bus 1440 may support communications of protocol layers (e.g., within protocol layers) of a protocol stack. In some aspects, bus 1440 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within components of device 1405, or between different components of device 1405 that may be co-located or located at different locations (e.g., where device 1405 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1420, transceiver 1410, memory 1425, code 1430, and processor 1435 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0223] In some aspects, the communication manager 1420 can manage aspects of communications with the core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, the communication manager 1420 can manage the delivery of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some aspects, the communication manager 1420 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with the UEs 115 in coordination with the other network entities 105. In some aspects, the communication manager 1420 can support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0224] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a first network node. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0225] By including or configuring a communication manager 1420 according to examples as described herein, the device 1405 can support techniques for reducing power consumption, more efficiently utilizing communication resources, and improving coordination between devices.

[0226] In some aspects, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1410, one or more antennas 1415 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1410, the processor 1435, the memory 1425, the code 1430, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1430 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1435 to cause the device 1405 to perform various aspects of selecting an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module as described herein, or the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0227] Fig.15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10The described UE 115 performs. In some aspects, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0228] At 1505, the method may include sending first control information to the second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described with reference to Fig. 9 The described antenna module type directs manager 925 to execute.

[0229] At 1510, the method may include receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from a second network node based on the type of antenna module. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The reference signal scheduling manager 930 is described as performing.

[0230] At 1515, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal reception manager 935 performs.

[0231] At 1520, the method may include generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for a set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The operations of 1520 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal measurement manager 940 performs.

[0232] At 1525, the method may include sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information. The operations of 1525 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1525 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described control information is sent by the manager 945.

[0233] Fig.16A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or a component thereof as described in reference to Figures 1 to 10 The described UE 115 performs. In some aspects, the UE may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0234] At 1605, the method may include sending first control information to the second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described with reference to Fig. 9 The described antenna module type directs manager 925 to execute.

[0235] At 1610, the method may include receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from a second network node based on the type of antenna module. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The reference signal scheduling manager 930 is described as performing.

[0236] At 1615, the method may include receiving a set of reference signals via a set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal reception manager 935 performs.

[0237] At 1620, the method may include generating measurement information corresponding to a set of multiple antenna element configurations for a set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described reference signal measurement manager 940 performs.

[0238] At 1625, the method may include determining a first antenna element configuration in a set of multiple antenna element configurations based on the measurement information. The operations of 1625 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1625 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9The antenna element configuration manager 950 is described as executing.

[0239] At 1630, the method may include sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the first antenna element configuration. The operations of 1630 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1630 may be performed as described in reference to Fig. 9 The described control information is sent by the manager 945.

[0240] Fig.17 A flow chart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting selection of an antenna element having an L-shaped antenna module according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a network entity or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The described network entity performs. In some aspects, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0241] At 1705, the method may include receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information including an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module includes a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Fig.13 The described antenna module type directs manager 1325 to execute.

[0242] At 1710, the method may include sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to a second network node based on the type of antenna module. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.13 The described reference signal scheduling manager 1330 performs.

[0243] At 1715, the method may include sending a set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.13 The described reference signal transmission manager 1335 performs.

[0244] At 1720, the method may include receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed as described in reference to Fig.13 The described control information reception manager 1340 executes.

[0245] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0246] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a first network node, comprising: sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receiving scheduling information for a set of reference signals from the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; receiving the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generating measurement information corresponding to multiple antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; and sending second control information to the second network node based on the measurement information.

[0247] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, further comprising: determining a first antenna element configuration among the plurality of antenna element configurations based on the measurement information, wherein the second control information comprises an indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0248] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2 further comprises: receiving an indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state from the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0249] Aspect 4: A method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 3, wherein generating the measurement information includes: determining a corresponding signal strength measurement for each antenna element configuration in the multiple antenna element configurations, wherein each antenna element configuration in the multiple antenna element configurations is associated with the same power consumption level.

[0250] Aspect 5: The method according to Aspect 4 also includes: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information including an indication of the association between each antenna element configuration and the corresponding TCI state, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration includes an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0251] Aspect 6: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein generating the measurement information includes: determining a corresponding RSRP measurement for each antenna element configuration in the multiple antenna element configurations, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the corresponding RSRP measurement.

[0252] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6 further includes: receiving an indication of a TCI state from the second network node based on the second control information.

[0253] Aspect 8: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, at least one of the multiple antenna element configurations includes a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, and at least one of the multiple antenna element configurations includes a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array.

[0254] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8 further includes: sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information including an indication of the ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein reception of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

[0255] Aspect 10: A method according to Aspect 9, wherein generating the measurement information includes: determining whether a signal strength measurement for a single reference signal used for one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration satisfies a threshold, wherein the set of reference signals includes the single reference signal.

[0256] Aspect 11: A method according to any one of Aspects 9 to 10, wherein generating the measurement information includes: generating a first RSRP measurement for a first reference signal for the cross-polarization configuration; and generating a second RSRP measurement for a second reference signal for the co-polarization configuration, wherein the set of reference signals includes the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

[0257] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 9 to 11 further includes: receiving fourth control information from the second network node, the fourth control information including an indication for dynamically switching between the co-polarization configuration and the cross-polarization configuration based on the second control information.

[0258] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0259] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the antenna module comprises a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0260] Aspect 15: The method according to Aspect 14 further includes: selecting two of the first array, the second array and the third array based on the set of reference signals; and communicating with the second network node via the selected two of the first array, the second array and the third array.

[0261] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, further comprising: selecting antenna element configurations of the antenna elements in a selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals.

[0262] Aspect 17: A method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 16, wherein sending the first control information includes: sending the first control information including the following items: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes the third array of antenna elements in the third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is capable of dynamically selecting two of the first array, the second array and the third array.

[0263] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 17, wherein the third dimension is perpendicular to the first dimension and the second dimension.

[0264] Aspect 19: A method for performing wireless communications at a first network node, comprising: receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; sending the set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information; and receiving second control information from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

[0265] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein the second control information comprises an indication of a first antenna element configuration for the set of antenna elements.

[0266] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20 further comprises: sending an indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state to the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

[0267] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 20 to 21 further includes: sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information including an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration in a plurality of antenna element configurations and a corresponding TCI state, wherein the plurality of antenna element configurations include the first antenna element configuration, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration includes an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

[0268] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 22, wherein the second control information comprises an indication of respective RSRP measurements associated with a plurality of antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements.

[0269] Aspect 24: The method according to aspect 23 further comprises: sending an indication of a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state to the second network node based on the second control information.

[0270] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 24 further includes: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information including an indication of the ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between the antenna elements of the first array and the antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein the sending of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

[0271] Aspect 26: The method according to aspect 25, wherein the set of reference signals includes a single reference signal, and the second control information includes an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

[0272] Aspect 27: The method according to any one of aspects 25 to 26, wherein the set of reference signals includes a first reference signal and a second reference signal, and the second control information includes an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

[0273] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 27, wherein the first control information further indicates that the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

[0274] Aspect 29: A method according to any one of Aspects 19 to 28, wherein receiving the first control information includes: receiving the first control information including the following items: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is capable of dynamically selecting two of the first array, the second array and the third array.

[0275] Aspect 30: A first network node for wireless communication, comprising: a processing system, the processing system being configured to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0276] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first network node, comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0277] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon code for wireless communication, the code, when executed by a network node, causes the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 18.

[0278] Aspect 33: A first network node for wireless communication, comprising: a processing system, the processing system being configured to perform the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 29.

[0279] Aspect 34: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first network node, comprising at least one component for performing a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 29.

[0280] Aspect 35: A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored thereon code for wireless communication, the code, when executed by a network node, causes the network node to perform the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 29.

[0281] The methods described herein describe possible implementations, and the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other implementations are possible. In addition, aspects of two or more of these methods may be combined.

[0282] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0283] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0284] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0285] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium or sent using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these items. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that various parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0286] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage medium and communication medium, and it includes any medium that promotes computer program to be transmitted from one position to another position.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage device, disk storage device or other magnetic storage device or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code parts and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by general or special-purpose computer or general or special-purpose processor in the form of instruction or data structure.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technology such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include CDs, laser optical disks, optical optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray disks. Disks can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0287] As used herein, the term "or" is an inclusive "or" unless limiting language is used with respect to the listed alternatives. For example, reference to "X is based on A or B" should be interpreted to include within its scope X is based on A, X is based on B, and X is based on A and B. In this regard, reference to "X is based on A or B" means "at least one of A or B" or "one or more of A or B" because "or" is inclusive. Similarly, reference to "X is based on A, B, or C" should be interpreted to include within its scope X is based on A, X is based on B, X is based on C, X is based on A and B, X is based on A and C, X is based on B and C, and X is based on A, B, and C. In this regard, reference to "X is based on A, B, or C" means "at least one of A, B, or C" or "one or more of A, B, or C" because "or" is inclusive. As an example of restrictive language, a reference to "X is based on only one of A or B" should be interpreted to include within its scope X being based on A and X being based on B, but not including X being based on both A and B. Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based on at least A" unless specifically stated differently. Likewise, as used herein, the phrase "set" should be understood to include the possibility of a set having one member. That is, the phrase "set" should be understood in the same manner as "one or more" or "at least one."

[0288] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Also, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Also, "determining" may include parsing, retrieving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0289] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second or other subsequent reference labels.

[0290] The descriptions set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describe example configurations and do not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The terms "aspects" or "examples" used herein mean "serving as aspects, examples, instances, or illustrations," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other aspects." The specific embodiments include specific details for providing an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0291] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A first network node for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receiving, from the second network node, scheduling information for a set of reference signals based on the type of the antenna module; receiving the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generating measurement information corresponding to a plurality of antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; as well as Second control information is sent to the second network node based on the measurement information.

2. The first network node according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: A first antenna element configuration of the plurality of antenna element configurations is determined based on the measurement information, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the first antenna element configuration.

3. The first network node according to claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: An indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state is received from the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

4. The first network node according to claim 2, wherein in order to generate the measurement information, the at least one processor is configured to: A respective signal strength measurement is determined for each antenna element configuration in the plurality of antenna element configurations, wherein each antenna element configuration in the plurality of antenna element configurations is associated with a same power consumption level.

5. The first network node according to claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration and a corresponding transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration comprises an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

6. The first network node according to claim 1, wherein in order to generate the measurement information, the at least one processor is configured to: A respective reference signal received power measurement is determined for each antenna element configuration of the plurality of antenna element configurations, wherein the second control information includes an indication of the respective reference signal received power measurement.

7. The first network node according to claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: An indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) status is received from the second network node based on the second control information.

8. The first network node of claim 1 , wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, wherein at least one of the plurality of antenna element configurations comprises a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, and wherein at least one of the plurality of antenna element configurations comprises a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array.

9. The first network node of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to: sending third control information to the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, wherein reception of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

10. The first network node of claim 9, wherein the set of reference signals comprises a single reference signal, wherein to generate the measurement information, the at least one processor is configured to: A determination is made as to whether a signal strength measurement for the single reference signal for one of the cross-polarization configuration or the co-polarization configuration satisfies a threshold.

11. The first network node of claim 9, wherein the set of reference signals comprises a first reference signal and a second reference signal, wherein to generate the measurement information, the at least one processor is configured to: generating a first reference signal received power measurement for the first reference signal for the cross-polarization configuration; and A second reference signal received power measurement is generated for the second reference signal for the co-polarization configuration.

12. The first network node of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: Fourth control information is received from the second network node, the fourth control information comprising an indication to dynamically switch between the co-polarization configuration and the cross-polarization configuration based on the second control information.

13. The first network node of claim 1, wherein the first dimension is perpendicular to the second dimension.

14. The first network node of claim 1, wherein the antenna module comprises a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension.

15. The first network node of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: selecting two of the first array, the second array, and the third array based on the set of reference signals; and Communicating with the second network node via selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

16. The first network node of claim 15, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: Antenna element configurations of the antenna elements in a selected two of the first array, the second array, and the third array are selected based on the set of reference signals.

17. The first network node of claim 14, wherein to send the first control information, the at least one processor is configured to: sending the first control information comprising: an indication that the type of the antenna module comprises the third array of antenna elements in the third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is capable of dynamically selecting two of the first array, the second array and the third array.

18. The first network node of claim 15, wherein the third dimension is perpendicular to the first dimension and the second dimension.

19. A first network node for wireless communication, comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; sending the set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information; as well as Second control information is received from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

20. The first network node of claim 19, wherein the second control information comprises an indication of a first antenna element configuration for the set of antenna elements.

21. The first network node of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: An indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state is sent to the second network node based on the indication of the first antenna element configuration.

22. The first network node of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: sending third control information to the first network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an association between each antenna element configuration of a plurality of antenna element configurations and a corresponding transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, wherein the plurality of antenna element configurations comprises the first antenna element configuration, and wherein the indication of the first antenna element configuration comprises an indication of the corresponding TCI state associated with the first antenna element configuration.

23. The first network node of claim 19, wherein the second control information comprises an indication of respective reference signal received power measurements associated with a plurality of antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements.

24. The first network node of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: An indication of a transmit configuration indicator (TCI) status is sent to the second network node based on the second control information.

25. The first network node of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receiving third control information from the second network node, the third control information comprising an indication of an ability of the first network node to dynamically switch between a co-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array and a cross-polarization configuration between antenna elements of the first array and antenna elements of the second array, wherein each antenna element in the set of antenna elements is associated with a first polarization layer and a second polarization layer, and wherein sending of the set of reference signals is responsive to the third control information.

26. The first network node of claim 25, wherein the set of reference signals comprises a single reference signal, and wherein the second control information comprises an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

27. The first network node of claim 25, wherein the set of reference signals comprises a first reference signal and a second reference signal, and wherein the second control information comprises an indication of one of the co-polarization configuration or the cross-polarization configuration.

28. The first network node of claim 19, wherein to receive the first control information, the at least one processor is configured to: The first control information is received including: an indication that the type of the antenna module includes a third array of antenna elements in a third dimension different from the first dimension and the second dimension, and an indication that the first network node is capable of dynamically selecting two of the first array, the second array, and the third array.

29. A method for wireless communication at a first network node, comprising: sending first control information to a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the first network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; receiving, from the second network node, scheduling information for a set of reference signals based on the type of the antenna module; receiving the set of reference signals via the set of antenna elements according to the scheduling information; generating measurement information corresponding to a plurality of antenna element configurations for the set of antenna elements based on the set of reference signals; as well as Second control information is sent to the second network node based on the measurement information.

30. A method for wireless communication at a first network node, comprising: receiving first control information from a second network node, the first control information comprising an indication of a type of an antenna module of the second network node, wherein the type of the antenna module comprises a set of antenna elements of the second network node arranged in a first array of antenna elements in a first dimension and a second array of antenna elements in a second dimension different from the first dimension; sending scheduling information for a set of reference signals to the second network node based on the type of the antenna module; sending the set of reference signals to the second network node according to the scheduling information; as well as Second control information is received from the second network node based on measurement information associated with the type of the antenna module at the second network node for the set of reference signals.

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