A method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, and specifically discloses a method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud, which comprises the following steps: detecting the water quality of the water in the aquaculture pond, selecting beneficial microbial agents according to the detection results, uniformly putting the microbial agents into the aquaculture pond, and then pumping out the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the bottom mud; introducing ozone into the bottom mud; putting chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud; performing physical disinfection on the bottom mud with the water drained; spreading a repair agent on the physically disinfected bottom mud, sealing it for 10 - 15 days, reintroducing the bottom mud into the aquaculture pond, and putting aquatic plants and benthic organisms. The method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud according to the present invention combines the advantages of biological, chemical, and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud, reduce the organic matter content in the bottom mud, and improve the quality of the bottom mud.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud. Background Art

[0002] During the process of aquaculture, the quality of the bottom mud is crucial for the growth and health of the cultured organisms. A large amount of organic matter, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, etc. may accumulate in the bottom mud. If effective disinfection treatment is not carried out, it will lead to the occurrence of diseases of the cultured organisms and affect the aquaculture benefits. Currently, the commonly used methods for bottom mud disinfection include chemical disinfection methods, physical disinfection methods, etc. However, these methods have certain limitations. For example, chemical disinfection methods may cause pollution to the aquaculture environment, and physical disinfection methods have higher costs, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud, which combines the advantages of biological, chemical, and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud, reduce the content of organic matter in the bottom mud, and improve the quality of the bottom mud.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Conduct water quality detection on the water in the aquaculture pond, select beneficial microbial agents according to the detection results, uniformly put the microbial agents into the aquaculture pond to ensure coverage of the entire aquaculture pond, closely monitor the changes in the water body in the aquaculture pond, keep the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the aquaculture pond at 4 - 6 mg / L for 7 - 10 days, and then drain the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the bottom mud;

[0006] S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove large - particle impurities in the bottom mud. Pass ozone into the filtered bottom mud. The ozone is converted into ozone micro - bubbles and diffused through an ozone diffusion device, and the ozone micro - bubbles are mixed in the bottom mud;

[0007] S3. Put chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud and select appropriate dosages according to different types of chemical disinfectants;

[0008] S4. Collect the bottom mud, remove the excess water in the bottom mud by filtration or centrifugation, and conduct physical disinfection on the bottom mud with the water drained;

[0009] S5. Sprinkle a repair agent on the physically disinfected bottom mud, seal it for 10 - 15 days, re - put the bottom mud into the aquaculture pond, and put aquatic plants and benthic organisms.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, a protective film or a substrate tank is provided at the bottom of the aquaculture pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or the substrate tank. Detect the dissolved oxygen, pH value, and temperature indicators of the water quality.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, after the water in the aquaculture pond is drained to expose the bottom mud, a high-pressure water gun is used to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof membrane or the substrate tank, so that the bottom mud is in a soft state.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the time for introducing ozone is 30 - 60 minutes.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the chemical disinfectant is one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, physical disinfection is to use solar energy or air energy or steam energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the bottom mud with the water drained.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5 - 12):(2 - 5):(20 - 25):(15 - 25):(20 - 30).

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, the bottom mud is stacked layer by layer, and a layer of repair agent is evenly sprinkled on each layer of bottom mud. After stacking, it is covered and sealed with a plastic film.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, the bottom mud needs to be wetted with water before stacking, and the water content is 45 - 65%.

[0018] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention adopting the above-mentioned aquaculture bottom mud collaborative disinfection method are as follows:

[0019] 1. The disinfection method of the present invention combines the advantages of biological, chemical, and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud, reduce the organic matter content in the bottom mud, and improve the quality of the bottom mud.

[0020] 2. The biological pretreatment of the present invention can reduce the usage amount of chemical disinfectants, reduce the pollution to the aquaculture environment. The physical disinfection method has low cost and simple operation, will not cause harm to aquaculture organisms, and ecological restoration can promote the material cycle of the bottom mud and improve the ecological stability of the aquaculture pond.

[0021] 3. Adding the repair agent to the bottom mud after physical disinfection and sealing it can further disinfect and repair the bottom mud, playing a dual role of disinfection and fertilization, being safe and non-toxic, thoroughly sterilizing, and effectively repairing the bottom mud, enabling the bottom mud to be recycled.

[0022] The bottom mud, playing a dual role of disinfection and fertilization, being safe and non-toxic, thoroughly sterilizing, and effectively repairing the bottom mud, enabling the bottom mud to be recycled.

[0023] Next, through examples, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail. Specific Embodiments

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below through embodiments.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] An aquaculture bottom mud collaborative disinfection method includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film or a substrate tank is provided at the bottom of the aquaculture pond. The bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or the substrate tank, facilitating the loosening of the bottom mud and preparing for subsequent disinfection. The water quality in the aquaculture pond is detected, and the dissolved oxygen, pH value, and temperature indicators of the water quality are detected. According to the detection results, beneficial microbial agents are selected and evenly put into the aquaculture pond to ensure coverage of the entire aquaculture pond.

[0028] When the dissolved oxygen content in the water body is low, Bacillus spp. with oxygen-producing ability are selected; when the pH value deviates from the appropriate range, lactic acid bacteria that can adjust the pH value are selected, etc. The dosage is accurately calculated. About 1 kg of Bacillus spp. preparation or about 1.5 kg of lactic acid bacteria preparation can be put into each mu of pond. When putting them, they should be evenly scattered into the pond to ensure coverage of the entire aquaculture area.

[0029] Closely monitor the changes in the water body in the aquaculture pond, keep the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the aquaculture pond at 4 - 6 mg / L, and control the water temperature at 20 - 25 °C. Maintain suitable environmental conditions through oxygen-increasing equipment, adjusting the water level, etc., to promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms. Last for 7 - 10 days to allow the beneficial microorganisms to fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Then drain the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof film or the substrate tank to make the bottom mud in a soft state.

[0030] S2. Collect and filter the bottom mud, remove large particle impurities in the bottom mud, and introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 30 - 60 min. The ozone diffuser device converts ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuses them. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. The bottom mud has been processed into a soft state by the high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the bottom mud. The ozone diffuser device belongs to the prior art, and the ozone diffuser device converts ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuses and mixes them in the aquaculture bottom mud.

[0031] S3. Chemical disinfection: Put chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud, and select appropriate dosages according to different types of chemical disinfectants; the chemical disinfectants are one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide. The chemical disinfectants can quickly kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud. When putting chemical disinfectants, pay attention to controlling the dosage to avoid excessive residues from causing harm to subsequent aquaculture organisms.

[0032] S4. Collect the sediment, remove the excess water in the sediment by filtration or centrifugation, and conduct physical disinfection on the sediment with drained water. The physical disinfection is to conduct high-temperature disinfection on the sediment with drained water by using solar energy, air energy or steam energy. Then, in combination with the method of mechanical tillage, turn the sediment to the surface layer to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0033] S5. Sprinkle a repair agent on the physically disinfected sediment and seal it for 10 - 15 days. The repair agent is composed of biochar, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5 - 12):(2 - 5):(20 - 25):(15 - 25):(20 - 30). Stack the sediment layer by layer. The sediment needs to be wetted with water before stacking, and the water content is 45 - 65%. Evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of sediment. After stacking, cover it with a plastic film and seal it. After sealing, put the sediment back into the aquaculture pond and put in aquatic plants and benthic organisms. Aquatic plants can absorb nutrients in the sediment and purify the water quality; benthic organisms can turn over the sediment and promote the material cycle of the sediment.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture sediment includes the following steps:

[0036] S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film is provided at the bottom of the aquaculture pond, and the sediment and water are located on the protective film. Detect the water quality in the aquaculture pond, and the detected dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is 2.1 mg / L. Put 1 kg of Bacillus preparation per mu of the pond. Keep the dissolved oxygen content in the pond water above 5 mg / L and the water temperature around 25 °C for one week to allow beneficial microorganisms to fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the sediment, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Then drain the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the sediment, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the sediment from the waterproof film or matrix tank to make the sediment in a soft state.

[0037] S2. Collect and filter the sediment, remove the large particle impurities in the sediment, and introduce ozone into the filtered sediment for 40 min. The ozone diffuser converts ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuses them, and the ozone microbubbles are mixed in the sediment. The sediment has been processed into a soft state by the high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the sediment.

[0038] S3. Chemical disinfection: Put 200 g of chlorine dioxide disinfectant per mu of the aquaculture pond into the sediment to quickly kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the sediment.

[0039] S4. Collect the sediment, remove the excess water in the sediment by filtration or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the sediment with drained water. Use solar energy to disinfect the sediment with drained water at high temperature. Then, in combination with the method of mechanical tillage, till the sediment to the surface layer to increase the contact area between the sediment and air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0040] S5. Seal the physically disinfected sediment. Before sealing, wet the sediment with water to make the water content of the sediment 50%. Stack the sediment layer by layer, evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of sediment. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, then cover it with plastic film and seal it for 10 - 15 days. After sealing, put the sediment back into the aquaculture pond, and put in Elodea nuttallii and snails. Put 10 kg of Elodea nuttallii and 50 kg of snails per mu of pond. Elodea nuttallii can absorb nutrients in the sediment and purify water quality; snails can turn over the sediment and promote the material cycle of the sediment. The repair agent is composed of biomass carbon, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite according to the mass ratio of 10:2:20:20:25.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture sediment, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Biological pretreatment: There is a substrate tank at the bottom of the aquaculture pond, and the sediment and water are located on the substrate tank. Detect the water quality in the aquaculture pond, and the detected dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is 3.5 mg / L, and the pH is 8.2. Put 1.5 kg of lactic acid bacteria preparation per mu of pond in the aquaculture pond. Keep the dissolved oxygen content in the pond water above 4 mg / L and the water temperature around 20°C for ten days. Let the beneficial microorganisms fully play their roles, decompose the organic matter in the sediment, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Then drain the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the sediment, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the sediment from the waterproof membrane or substrate tank to make the sediment in a soft state.

[0044] S2. Collect and filter the sediment, remove the large particle impurities in the sediment, and introduce ozone into the filtered sediment for 50 minutes. The ozone diffuser converts ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuses them, and the ozone microbubbles are mixed in the sediment. The sediment has been treated into a soft state by the high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the sediment.

[0045] S3. Chemical disinfection: Put 100 kg of quicklime disinfectant into the sediment per mu of aquaculture pond. Quickly kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the sediment.

[0046] S4. Collect the sediment, remove the excess water in the sediment by filtration or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the sediment with drained water. Use air energy to disinfect the sediment with drained water at high temperature. Then, in combination with the method of mechanical tillage, turn the sediment to the surface layer to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0047] S5. Seal the physically disinfected sediment. Before sealing, wet the sediment with water to make the water content of the sediment 60%. Stack the sediment layer by layer, evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of sediment. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, then cover it with a plastic film and seal it for 10 - 15 days. After sealing, put the sediment back into the aquaculture pond, and put Vallisneria natans and mussels. Put 15 kg of Vallisneria natans and 60 kg of mussels per mu of pond. Vallisneria natans can absorb the nutrients in the sediment and purify the water quality; mussels can turn over the sediment and promote the material cycle of the sediment. The repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of 8:3:25:15:30.

[0048] Comparative Example 1

[0049] An aquaculture sediment disinfection method includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Collect the sediment and filter it to remove large particle impurities in the sediment. Pass ozone into the filtered sediment for 40 minutes.

[0051] S2. Chemical disinfection. Put 200 grams of chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the sediment per mu of aquaculture pond.

[0052] S3. Collect the sediment, remove the excess water in the sediment by filtration or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the sediment with drained water. Use solar energy to disinfect the sediment with drained water at high temperature. Then, in combination with the method of mechanical tillage, turn the sediment to the surface layer to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0053] S4. Seal the physically disinfected sediment. Before sealing, wet the sediment with water to make the water content of the sediment 50%. Stack the sediment layer by layer, evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of sediment. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, then cover it with a plastic film and seal it for 10 - 15 days. After sealing, put the sediment back into the aquaculture pond. The repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of 10:2:20:20:25.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] An aquaculture sediment disinfection method includes the following steps:

[0056] S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film is provided at the bottom of the aquaculture pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film. The water quality in the aquaculture pond is detected, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is measured to be 2.1 mg / L. Bacillus preparations are put into the aquaculture pond, with 1 kg being put per mu of the pond. Keep the dissolved oxygen content in the pond water above 5 mg / L and the water temperature around 25 °C for one week, allowing the beneficial microorganisms to fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Then, drain the water in the aquaculture pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof film or matrix tank, making the bottom mud in a soft state.

[0057] S2. Collect and filter the bottom mud: Remove large particle impurities in the bottom mud. Ozone is introduced into the filtered bottom mud for 40 minutes. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles and diffused through an ozone diffusion device, and the ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud.

[0058] S3. Chemical disinfection: Put 200 grams of chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the bottom mud per mu of the aquaculture pond. Rapidly kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud.

[0059] S4. Collect the bottom mud and remove the excess water in the bottom mud by filtration or centrifugation, and perform physical disinfection on the bottom mud with drained water. Use solar energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the bottom mud with drained water. Then, in combination with the method of mechanical tillage, turn the bottom mud to the surface layer to increase the contact area between the bottom mud and air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the bottom mud.

[0060] S5. Re-release the bottom mud into the aquaculture pond for recycling.

[0061] According to the disinfection methods of Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 (no aquatic plants and aquatic animals are put in Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2), 60 kg of bottom mud is collected from the same shrimp aquaculture pond respectively, and the corresponding disinfection methods of Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 are used to disinfect the bottom mud. The microbial removal rate and total organic carbon removal rate of the bottom mud before and after disinfection are measured, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Test Results

[0063] ;

[0064] Put the bottom mud of the shrimp aquaculture pond disinfected according to the disinfection methods of Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 back into different aquaculture ponds, inject water into each aquaculture pond, put the same number of Daphnia magna and Elodea nuttallii into each aquaculture pond, and observe the growth conditions of Daphnia magna and Elodea nuttallii. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0065] Table 2 Observation Results

[0066] ;

[0067] As can be seen from Table 1, in Comparative Example 1, biological pretreatment was not carried out and ozone was not converted into ozone microbubbles through an ozone diffusion device and diffused and mixed in the aquaculture sediment, so the microbial treatment effect of Comparative Example 1 was the worst. In Comparative Example 2, the sediment was not sealed with a repair agent, and the removal rate of total organic carbon in Comparative Example 2 was the highest. Since both Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 carried out sealing treatment of the sediment with a repair agent, adding a repair agent to repair the sediment increased the total organic carbon content in the sediment and avoided the negative impact of too low organic carbon content on the ecological function of the sediment.

[0068] Too low total organic carbon content in the sediment may affect the survival and reproduction of benthic organisms. Because benthic organisms partly feed on the organic carbon in the sediment, and the lack of organic carbon is also not conducive to the normal progress of ecological processes such as microbial decomposition, thus indirectly affecting the stability and recovery ability of the entire sediment ecosystem.

[0069] As can be seen from Table 2, in Comparative Example 1, the sediment was not subjected to biological pretreatment, so the high content of harmful microorganisms had an adverse effect on the growth of Daphnia magna and Elodea nuttallii. In Comparative Example 2, the sediment was not sealed with a repair agent, resulting in a worse growth state of Daphnia magna and Elodea nuttallii.

[0070] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for synergistic disinfection of aquaculture sediment, which combines the advantages of biological, chemical and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the sediment, reduce the organic matter content in the sediment, and improve the sediment quality.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collaborative disinfection of aquaculture sludge, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Test the water quality of the water in the breeding pond, select beneficial microbial preparations based on the test results, and evenly place the microbial preparations in the breeding pond to ensure that the entire breeding pond is covered. Closely monitor the changes in the water body in the breeding pond, maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water body at 4-6 mg / L for 7-10 days, and then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud; S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. S3. Add chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud, and select the appropriate amount of chemical disinfectants according to different types; S4. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from it by filtering or centrifuging, and physically disinfect the drained sediment; S5. Sprinkle the repair agent on the physically disinfected sludge, seal it for 10-15 days, put the sludge back into the breeding pond, and add aquatic plants and benthic organisms.

2. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a protective film or a matrix tank is provided at the bottom of the culture pond, and bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or the matrix tank.

3. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, after the water in the culture pond is drained to expose the bottom mud, the bottom mud is sprayed from the protective film or the matrix tank using a high-pressure water gun to make the bottom mud in a soft state.

4. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the time for introducing ozone is 30-60 minutes.

5. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the chemical disinfectant is one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

6. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, physical disinfection is to use solar energy, air energy or steam energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the drained sludge.

7. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the repair agent is composed of biochar, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5-12): (2-5): (20-25): (15-25): (20-30).

8. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom mud is piled up layer by layer, and a layer of repair agent is evenly sprinkled on each layer of the bottom mud. After the bottom mud is piled up, it is covered and sealed with a plastic film.

9. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sediment according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom mud needs to be wetted with water before being piled up, and the water content is 45-65%.