Flame-retardant high-temperature-resistant fire-fighting respirator with life monitoring function

Abstract

The flame-retardant and high-temperature-resistant fire-fighting respirator with the life monitoring function comprises a heat insulation head cover and a breathing mask connected with the heat insulation head cover, and the heat insulation head cover comprises a flame-retardant light reflecting layer, a polyimide fiber sponge heat insulation filling layer, a phase-change material temperature adjusting layer and a moisture-absorbing and quick-drying cotton layer which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside; a transparent window is arranged in the middle of the breathing mask, an air inlet and an exhaust valve are arranged on the lower portion of the breathing mask, the air inlet is communicated with the filtering and life signal monitoring device, and a friction layer and an electrode layer are arranged in the filtering and life signal monitoring device. The fire-fighting respirator further comprises a signal collecting and sending device in signal connection with the filtering and life signal monitoring device. According to the present invention, the high-efficiency filtration effect, the low breathing resistance, the excellent gas permeability, the excellent flame retardation and the excellent high temperature resistance are provided, the breathing frequency, the intensity and the position information of the wearer are dynamically monitored through the high-efficiency friction electric sensor structure, and the safety guarantee of the personnel on the fire scene is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fire-fighting equipment, and in particular to a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with a life monitoring function. Background Art

[0002] The large amount of harmful smoke particles and high-temperature gases produced when a fire occurs is one of the main factors leading to casualties. In addition, the thick smoke seriously obstructs the rescue workers' vision, greatly increases the difficulty of fire rescue, and also poses a threat to the safety of firefighters themselves.

[0003] Traditional fire masks usually use a smoke filter layer composed of flame-retardant cloth, filter cloth and absorbent cotton gauze, an air filter layer composed of an activated carbon tank and a heat-insulating hood. Although these masks can achieve filtering functions to a certain extent, they generally have disadvantages such as poor heat insulation and large breathing resistance, which affect the comfort of wearing, and are not suitable for long-term wearing, and cannot meet the rescue needs in complex fire environments. The patent with publication number CN115972715A discloses a method for preparing a flame-retardant smoke mask material with a respiratory monitoring function, which uses CO2 laser direct writing and electrostatic direct writing technology to form a smoke mask with a respiratory monitoring function by combining Janus-type graphene / PBO nonwoven fabrics and piezoelectric flame-retardant films. Although this technology has certain innovations, it has high equipment requirements, complex technical routes, high maintenance costs, high energy consumption, and is easily affected by factors such as air humidity and dust during processing, resulting in unstable processing quality, and a complex and time-consuming production process.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting respirator with life monitoring function to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with life monitoring function, aiming to solve the technical problems of existing fire-fighting respirators such as poor thermal insulation effect, large breathing resistance, poor wearing comfort, and unsuitability for complex fire environments.

[0006] The present application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with a life monitoring function, comprising a heat-insulating hood and a breathing mask connected to the heat-insulating hood, wherein the heat-insulating hood comprises a flame-retardant reflective layer, a polyimide fiber sponge heat-insulating filling layer, a phase change material temperature-regulating layer and a moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; a transparent window is arranged in the middle of the breathing mask, an air inlet and an exhaust valve are arranged at the lower part of the breathing mask, the air inlet is connected to a filter and a life signal monitoring device, and a friction layer and an electrode layer are arranged in the filter and the life signal monitoring device; the flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with a life monitoring function also comprises a signal collecting and sending device connected to the filter and the life signal monitoring device.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present application, the method for preparing the polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer is: preparing a polyamic acid fiber sponge with a thickness of 20 to 40 mm by centrifugal spinning technology and three-dimensional collection method, and then heating it to 300 to 450° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and keeping it warm for 1 to 5 hours to obtain a polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the density of the polyamic acid fiber sponge is 6.7-7.7 mg / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.035~0.045W / mK.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, the preparation method of the phase change material temperature regulating layer is: encapsulating the phase change material in a flexible microcapsule, uniformly dispersing it in a polymer substrate, and forming a temperature regulating layer with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the phase change material is one or more of paraffin compounds, fatty acid compounds, and paraffin / graphene composite materials; the polymer substrate is one or more of polyurethane, silica gel, and polyimide; the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 30-40°C, and the phase change enthalpy is 150-250 J / g.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and is composed of at least 80% natural cotton fibers.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present application, the friction layer is composed of a polyimide fiber membrane with a surface static charge of 2 to 15 kV; the filtration efficiency of the friction layer is ≥ 95%, the breathing resistance is ≤ 350 Pa, and the air permeability is ≥ 200 L / (m 2 ·s).

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, the electrode layer has two layers, which are respectively placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the friction layer; the electrode layer is a conductive metal mesh, the mesh number of the conductive metal mesh is 150 to 450 meshes, and the material of the conductive metal mesh is one or more of copper, iron, nickel, aluminum, and silver.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, there are two exhaust valves, which are arranged on both sides of the breathing mask.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present application, it also includes a strap for making the filtering and life signal monitoring device close to the breathing mask; a protective cape is also provided at the bottom of the thermal insulation hood.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0017] The present application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with a life monitoring function, including a heat-insulating hood and a breathing mask connected to the heat-insulating hood, the heat-insulating hood including a flame-retardant reflective layer, a polyimide fiber sponge heat-insulating filling layer, a phase change material temperature-adjusting layer and a moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; a transparent window is arranged in the middle of the breathing mask, an air inlet and an exhaust valve are arranged at the bottom of the breathing mask, the air inlet is connected to a filter and a life signal monitoring device, and a friction layer and an electrode layer are arranged in the filter and the life signal monitoring device; the fire-fighting respirator also includes a signal collection and transmission device connected to the filter and the life signal monitoring device. The fire-fighting respirator provided by the present application has a high-efficiency filtering effect, low breathing resistance, and excellent air permeability, flame retardancy and high-temperature resistance, and can meet the comfort requirements of long-term wearing in a fire environment.

[0018] This application combines a high-mesh metal mesh with triboelectric technology to form an efficient triboelectric sensor structure, which can monitor the wearer's breathing frequency and intensity, and can emit positioning signals to dynamically monitor the wearer's health status and location information, thereby improving the safety of personnel at the fire scene.

[0019] This application uses polyimide fiber membrane as the friction layer, which has excellent filtering effect, triboelectric performance and high temperature flame retardant performance, and is suitable for wearable electronic devices and firefighting fields. Polyimide fiber sponge as a thermal insulation material has excellent thermal management effect, ensuring the thermal protection performance of firefighting respirators in extreme environments.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings used in the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant firefighting respirator with life monitoring function provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the heat-insulating hood of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the filtering and life signal monitoring device of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a surface electrostatic test diagram of the friction layer in Example 1 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a rendering of the filtering performance of the filtering and life signal monitoring device in Example 1 of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is an attempt to sense the breathing in Example 1 of the present application.

[0028] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. Heat-insulating hood; 11. Flame-retardant reflective layer; 12. Polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer; 13. Phase change material temperature regulating layer; 14. Moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer; 2. Breathing mask; 21. Transparent window; 22. Exhaust valve; 3. Filter and life signal monitoring device; 31. Friction layer; 32. Electrode layer; 4. Signal collection and transmission device; 5. Strap; 6. Protective cape; 7. Wire. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0031] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0032] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Traditional fire masks usually use a smoke filter layer composed of flame-retardant cloth, filter cloth and absorbent cotton gauze, an air filter layer composed of an activated carbon tank and a thermal insulation hood. Although these masks can achieve the filtering function to a certain extent, they generally have shortcomings such as poor thermal insulation and large breathing resistance, which affects the wearing comfort. They are not suitable for long-term wearing and cannot meet the rescue needs in complex fire environments.

[0036] In order to solve the technical problems of existing fire-fighting respirators such as poor thermal insulation, large breathing resistance, poor wearing comfort, and unsuitability for complex fire environments, the present application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with life monitoring function, wherein a high-mesh metal mesh and triboelectric technology are combined to form an efficient triboelectric sensor structure to monitor the wearer's breathing frequency and intensity, and to emit positioning signals to dynamically monitor the wearer's health status and location information, thereby improving the safety of personnel at the fire scene.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 The embodiment of the present application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature fire-fighting respirator with a life monitoring function, comprising a semi-enclosed heat-insulating hood 1 and a breathing mask 2 wrapped around the face connected to the heat-insulating hood 1. Such a configuration can effectively isolate the high-temperature environment and protect the head and face of the wearer from direct damage by flames and high temperatures; a transparent window 21 is provided in the middle of the breathing mask 2, which is made of high light transmittance and heat-resistant materials to ensure that the wearer still has a clear field of vision in a high-temperature environment; an air inlet and an exhaust valve 22 are provided at the lower part of the breathing mask 2, and the air inlet is connected to a filter and life signal monitoring device 3, and a friction layer 31 and an electrode layer 32 are provided in the filter and life signal monitoring device 3. Such a configuration can provide an efficient filtering effect, protect the wearer from harmful substances in the fire environment, and monitor the wearer's vital signs in real time; the fire-fighting respirator also includes a signal collecting and sending device 4 connected to the filter and life signal monitoring device 3 by signal, and the signal collecting and sending device 4 is connected to the filter and life signal monitoring device 3 through a wire 7 to receive the respiratory electrical signal generated by it, and then transmit the wearer's life signal to an external receiving device in real time.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 The heat-insulating hood 1 includes a flame-retardant reflective layer 11, a polyimide fiber sponge heat-insulating filling layer 12, a phase change material temperature-regulating layer 13 and a moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer 14, which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. This arrangement ensures that the wearer can be found as soon as possible in a high-temperature and low-visibility fire environment, while ensuring the protection and comfort of wearing.

[0039] Specifically, the material of the outermost flame-retardant reflective layer 11 is a material with good reflective and flame-retardant properties; the polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer 12 in the middle layer provides excellent thermal isolation effect and is prepared by centrifugal spinning technology and three-dimensional collection. First, a polyacrylic acid (PAA) spinning solution with a solid content of 16 to 19 wt% is prepared. During the centrifugal spinning process, the rotation speed is set to 3000 to 4000 rpm, the spinning temperature is controlled to 30 to 40°C, and the humidity is maintained at 30 to 40% RH. The spinneret aperture is 0.2 to 0.3 mm, and a distance of 8 to 10 cm is maintained between the centrifugal spinning cup and the collecting cloth to prepare a polyamic acid fiber sponge with a thickness of 20 to 40 mm. Thereafter, it is heated to 300 to 450°C in a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere and kept warm for 1 to 5 hours to complete the thermal imidization treatment to obtain the polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer 12. Among them, the density of polyamic acid fiber sponge is 6.7~7.7mg / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.035~0.045W / mK, with excellent thermal insulation performance and stable physical properties.

[0040] The preparation method of the phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 is as follows: encapsulate the phase change material in a flexible microcapsule, uniformly disperse it in a polymer matrix, and form a phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm. Specifically, the phase change material is mixed with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to form an emulsion, an emulsifier and a stabilizer are added to ensure that the emulsion is uniform and stable, the emulsion is uniformly dispersed by stirring and ultrasonic treatment, a curing agent is added to form a stable microcapsule shell of polyvinyl alcohol on the surface of the phase change material, the phase change material microcapsules are mixed with the polymer matrix, and the phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 is obtained by hot pressing. The phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 has a thermal management effect, absorbs heat when the temperature rises, prevents overheating, and improves the comfort and safety of firefighters when working at a fire scene.

[0041] The phase change material is one or more of paraffin compounds, fatty acid compounds, and paraffin / graphene composite materials; the polymer substrate is one or more of polyurethane, silicone, and polyimide. Specifically, the paraffin compound is preferably one or both of n-octadecane and n-eicosane; the fatty acid compound is preferably one or both of lauric acid and palmitic acid. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 30-40°C, and the phase change enthalpy is 150-250 J / g. It can absorb heat and delay heat transfer in a high temperature environment, thereby improving the thermal management performance of the heat-insulating hood 1.

[0042] The innermost moisture-absorbing and quick-drying cotton layer 14 enhances the comfort of the wearer and ensures safety in high temperature environments. The moisture-absorbing and quick-drying cotton layer 14 has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and is composed of at least 80% (mass fraction) natural cotton fibers, and the rest is polyester fibers to improve its durability and quick-drying performance. The moisture-absorbing and quick-drying cotton layer 14 is processed by knitting technology, and a microporous structure is formed on the surface to enhance the absorption and evaporation rate of moisture.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of the present application, the friction layer 31 is composed of a polyimide fiber membrane with a surface static charge of 2 to 15 kV, and has excellent filtering effect, triboelectric properties, and high temperature flame retardant properties. The filtering efficiency of the friction layer 31 is ≥95% (for 0.3 μm particles), the breathing resistance is ≤350 Pa, and the air permeability is ≥200 L / (m 2 ·s).

[0044] Specifically, the friction layer 31 is prepared by centrifugal spinning technology. First, a PAA spinning solution with a solid content of 16-19wt% is prepared and poured into a centrifugal spinning cup. The temperature inside the spinning machine is adjusted to 30-40°C and the humidity is 30-40%RH. The transverse movement rate of the spinning cup is adjusted to 1m / min for reciprocating movement to ensure the uniform collection of the centrifugal spun PAA fiber membrane. The fiber membrane is cut and stacked together to form a predetermined structure, placed in a hot press for hot pressing treatment, and a polyamic acid fiber membrane with a thickness of 100-150μm is formed. It is then placed in a tubular furnace, heated to 300-350°C under the protection of a nitrogen atmosphere, and kept warm for 30-60min for high-temperature imidization treatment, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a polyimide fiber membrane with a surface static of 2-15kV. Appropriate surface static charge can enhance its adsorption capacity for tiny particles in the air, thereby improving filtration efficiency, effectively blocking harmful gases and tiny particles, and ensuring breathing safety. At the same time, the maintenance of surface static electricity can ensure that the friction layer 31 maintains stable triboelectric properties during long-term use.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of the present application, the electrode layer 32 has two layers, which are respectively placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the friction layer 31. In this way, the gas generated by breathing rubs against the friction layer 31, and the contact and separation between the friction layer 31 and the electrode layer 32 during the breathing process generates a regular breathing electrical signal, thereby monitoring the life of the wearer.

[0046] Specifically, the electrode layer 32 is a conductive metal mesh with a mesh size of 150 to 450, and is made of one or more of copper, iron, nickel, aluminum, and silver. The conductive metal mesh has high conductivity and can effectively capture and transmit physiological electrical signals. The pore size of the metal mesh of 150 to 450 mesh is moderate and can maintain good air permeability. The conductive metal mesh material is resistant to high temperatures and can maintain stable performance in the high temperature environment of the fire scene, and is not easily deformed or damaged. By selecting a suitable conductive metal mesh material, the performance, cost, and reliability of the fire breathing apparatus can be balanced to provide safer and more effective life monitoring and protective equipment.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present application, there are two exhaust valves 22, which are arranged on both sides of the breathing mask 2. Such an arrangement helps to regulate the air pressure and temperature inside the respirator, ensure comfortable breathing, and prevent harmful gases from the outside from entering.

[0048] In other embodiments of the present application, the number and layout of the exhaust valves 22 can be adjusted according to actual needs as long as they can meet the use requirements, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, a strap 5 is also included for making the filtering and vital signal monitoring device 3 close to the breathing mask 2. Such an arrangement makes the installation and removal of the filtering and vital signal monitoring device 3 quick and convenient, and is convenient for cleaning, inspection and maintenance. A protective cape 6 is also provided at the bottom of the heat-insulating hood 1. The protective cape 6 can cover the neck, shoulders and chest of the wearer to provide additional protection, prevent high temperature, flames and sparks from directly contacting the skin, and prevent smoke and dust from entering the respirator. The protective cape 6 can be fully enclosed or segmented, as long as it can meet the use requirements, and all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0050] When in use, the wearer is at the fire scene, facing high temperature, thick smoke and other harsh environments, resulting in low visibility, breathing difficulties and other problems. The firefighting respirator provided by this application has a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant filtration system to ensure that the wearer can breathe smoothly. At the same time, the outer layer of the respirator is made of reflective material, which can improve the wearer's visibility in low-visibility environments and enhance the positioning accuracy of rescue personnel. In addition, the respirator also has a life monitoring function. During the wearing process, the gas generated by breathing rubs against the polyimide fiber layer, and the contact and separation between the polyimide fiber layer and the metal mesh during the breathing process, generating a regular breathing electrical signal, thereby monitoring the wearer's life and transmitting vital signs information to the outside world, providing important data support for timely rescue at the fire scene.

[0051] Some specific embodiments are listed below. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application. If specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. The reagents or instruments used that do not specify the manufacturer are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] This embodiment provides a flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a semi-enclosed heat-insulating hood 1 and a breathing mask 2 connected to the heat-insulating hood 1 and wrapped around the face. The heat-insulating hood 1 includes a flame-retardant reflective layer 11, a polyimide fiber sponge heat-insulating filling layer 12, a phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 and a moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer 14 arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside. A transparent window 21 is arranged in the middle of the breathing mask 2, and an air inlet and an exhaust valve 22 are arranged at the lower part of the breathing mask 2. There are two exhaust valves 22, which are arranged on both sides of the breathing mask 2; the air inlet is connected to the filtering and life signal monitoring device 3, and a friction layer 31 and an electrode layer 32 are arranged in the filtering and life signal monitoring device 3. The fire-fighting respirator also includes a signal collecting and sending device 4 connected to the filtering and life signal monitoring device 3 and a strap 5 for making the filtering and life signal monitoring device 3 close to the breathing mask 2; a protective shawl 6 is also arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating hood 1.

[0054] Among them, the preparation method of the polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer 12 is: prepare a PAA spinning solution with a solid content of 19wt%, and during the centrifugal spinning process, the rotation speed is set to 3000rpm, the spinning temperature is 35°C, the humidity is 35%RH, the spinneret aperture used is 0.25mm, and the distance between the centrifugal spinning cup and the collecting cloth is maintained at 8cm to prepare a polyimide acid fiber sponge with a thickness of 30mm, and then heat it to 300°C in a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere. After keeping warm for 1 hour, the thermal imidization treatment is completed to obtain a polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer 12 for heat insulation.

[0055] The flame retardant reflective layer 11 is made of aluminized polyimide fiber material; the phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 is prepared by using n-eicosane as the phase change material and polyurethane as the base material; the moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer 14 is composed of 85% natural cotton fiber and 15% polyester fiber. The flame retardant reflective layer 11, the polyimide fiber sponge heat insulation filling layer 12, the phase change material temperature regulating layer 13 and the moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer 14 are sequentially bonded and assembled to prepare the heat insulation hood 1.

[0056] The preparation method of the friction layer 31 is as follows: prepare a PAA spinning solution with a solid content of 19wt%, pour it into a centrifugal spinning cup, adjust the temperature inside the spinning machine to 35°C, the humidity to 35%RH, and adjust the lateral movement rate of the spinning cup to 1m / min for reciprocating movement to ensure the uniform collection of the centrifugal spinning PAA fiber membrane. Cut the fiber membrane into a size of 10×10cm, stack them together, put them in a hot press at 60°C and 5MPa for hot pressing for 5min to form a polyamic acid fiber membrane with a thickness of 150μm, then place it in a tubular furnace, heat it to 320°C at a rate of 5°C / min under the protection of a nitrogen atmosphere, and keep it warm for 30min for high-temperature imidization treatment, and naturally cool it to room temperature to obtain a polyimide fiber membrane.

[0057] The electrode layer 32 is a copper mesh with a mesh size of 200. The copper mesh is placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the friction layer 31 and installed in the filtering and life signal monitoring device 3 .

[0058] like Figures 4 to 5 As shown, the surface static electricity of the polyimide fiber membrane is tested to be 13.8 kV. The prepared filtering and life signal monitoring device 3 has excellent filtering effect, excellent flame retardancy and high temperature resistance, and can effectively protect the wearer from harmful substances in the fire environment, while meeting the need to generate signals by the nano-triboelectric effect. Figure 6 As shown, the respirator can monitor the wearer's breathing signal in real time and transmit it to an external receiving device, thereby improving the safety of personnel at the fire scene.

[0059] Examples 2-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0060] Examples 2-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 respectively provide a flame retardant and high temperature resistant firefighting respirator with life monitoring function. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the thermal imidization treatment temperature in the preparation method of the polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer 12 is different, as shown in Table 1, and the rest is roughly the same as Example 1.

[0061] Table 1 Parameters of polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, the polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer 12 of the present application has low thermal conductivity and high thermal insulation performance. When the thermal imidization temperature is 450°C, the gram weight is the smallest, the porosity is the largest, the thermal conductivity is the lowest, and the thermal insulation performance is the best. In Comparative Example 1, due to the low thermal imidization temperature, the sponge was not completely thermally imidized, so the porosity was low, the thermal conductivity was increased, and the thermal insulation effect was poorer than that of Example 1; in Comparative Example 2, due to the high thermal imidization temperature, the sponge was carbonized and shrunk, so the porosity was low, the thermal conductivity was high, and the thermal insulation effect was poor.

[0065] Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0066] Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 3-4 respectively provide a flame retardant and high temperature resistant firefighting respirator with life monitoring function. Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the solid content of the PAA spinning solution in the preparation method of the friction layer 31 is different, as shown in Table 2, and the rest is roughly the same as Example 1.

[0067] Table 2 Friction layer parameters

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from Table 2, the friction layer 31 of the present application has good filtering performance and a stable high surface voltage, which can meet the need to generate triboelectric signals through breathing while ensuring the filtering effect, and also has low breathing resistance, ensuring good air permeability. In Comparative Example 3, due to the low solid content of the spinning solution, the pore size of the fiber membrane is large, the filtering effect is poor, and the surface static electricity is also small; in Comparative Example 4, due to the excessive solid content of the spinning solution, the filtering effect and surface static electricity are reduced, the breathing resistance becomes larger, the air permeability is affected, and the preparation cost increases.

[0070] In summary, the firefighting respirator provided by this application can ensure the safety and efficiency of use in a fire environment. The respirator is made of high-performance materials, has good flame retardant and high temperature resistance, high filtration efficiency, low breathing resistance, strong air permeability, and excellent triboelectric properties. It can meet multiple needs in firefighting applications, and by integrating vital signs monitoring functions, it significantly improves the safety and survival rate of rescuers at the fire scene, and has broad application prospects.

[0071] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples, and the embodiments having the same structure as the technical idea and exerting the same effect within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the main purpose of the present application, various modifications that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other methods of combining some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting respirator with life monitoring function, comprising a heat insulation hood and a breathing mask connected to the heat insulation hood, characterized in that: The thermal insulation hood includes a flame retardant reflective layer, a polyimide fiber sponge insulation filling layer, a phase change material temperature regulating layer and a moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer, which are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; a transparent window is arranged in the middle of the breathing mask, and an air inlet and an exhaust valve are arranged at the lower part of the breathing mask, and the air inlet is connected to the filtering and life signal monitoring device; a friction layer and an electrode layer are arranged in the filtering and life signal monitoring device; the flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire-fighting respirator with life monitoring function also includes a signal collection and sending device connected to the filtering and life signal monitoring device.

2. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting respirator with life monitoring function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer is as follows: a polyamic acid fiber sponge with a thickness of 20 to 40 mm is prepared by centrifugal spinning technology and a three-dimensional collection method, and then heated to 300 to 450° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere and kept warm for 1 to 5 hours to obtain the polyimide fiber sponge thermal insulation filling layer.

3. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting respirator with life monitoring function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The density of the polyamic acid fiber sponge is 6.7-7.7 mg / cm 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.035~0.045W / mK.

4. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting respirator with life monitoring function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preparation method of the phase change material temperature regulating layer is as follows: the phase change material is encapsulated in a flexible microcapsule, and uniformly dispersed in a polymer substrate to form a phase change material temperature regulating layer with a thickness of 1 to 3 mm.

5. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The phase change material is one or more of paraffin compounds, fatty acid compounds, and paraffin / graphene composite materials; the polymer substrate is one or more of polyurethane, silica gel, and polyimide; the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 30-40°C, and the phase change enthalpy is 150-250 J / g.

6. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The moisture-absorbing quick-drying cotton layer has a thickness of 1 to 3 mm and is composed of at least 80% natural cotton fibers.

7. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The friction layer is composed of a polyimide fiber membrane with a surface static charge of 2 to 15 kV; the filtration efficiency of the friction layer is ≥95%, the breathing resistance is ≤350 Pa, and the air permeability is ≥200 L / (m 2 ·s).

8. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The electrode layer has two layers, which are respectively placed on the upper and lower surfaces of the friction layer; the electrode layer is a conductive metal mesh, the mesh number of the conductive metal mesh is 150 to 450 meshes, and the material of the conductive metal mesh is one or more of copper, iron, nickel, aluminum, and silver.

9. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two exhaust valves, which are arranged on both sides of the breathing mask.

10. The flame retardant and high temperature resistant fire fighting breathing apparatus with life monitoring function according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a strap for making the filtering and life signal monitoring device close to the breathing mask; and a protective cape is also arranged at the bottom of the heat-insulating hood.

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