An exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to an exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination, including: a bottom plate, the bottom plate includes an air inlet pipe arranged above the bottom plate, an air pump device is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe, and the air pump device is electrically connected to a controller; an exhaust gas treatment component, the exhaust gas treatment component includes a plurality of longitudinally arranged filter cylinders arranged above the bottom plate, a conical lifting ring plate is elastically slidably installed in the filter cylinder, and activated carbon particles are filled on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate inside the filter cylinder. Through the series design of multiple filter cylinders in the present invention, the activated carbon particles are automatically blown up during the flow of the waste gas to form a dynamic adsorption layer, which improves the effective contact area of the activated carbon. The conical lifting ring plate cooperates with a pressure detection element to automatically detect the change in the activated carbon adsorption amount and trigger the regeneration program in time, avoiding delays caused by manual intervention.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, and particularly relates to an exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination. Background Art

[0002] Petroleum coke is a solid carbon material produced by high-temperature pyrolysis of by-products in the petroleum refining process (mainly the heavy part of crude oil). The production of petroleum coke usually occurs in the delayed coking unit of an oil refinery, where heavy components in crude oil (such as asphaltenes) undergo thermal cracking, dehydrogenation and other reactions, and finally are converted into petroleum coke.

[0003] The waste gas generated during the calcination of petroleum coke contains a large amount of pollutants such as dust, sulfides, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Direct emission will cause serious harm to the environment. Traditional waste gas treatment technologies mostly use fixed-bed adsorption devices to capture pollutants through adsorption materials such as activated carbon or molecular sieves. However, such devices have significant defects in practical applications: the adsorption materials are fixed in a static manner, and the waste gas only contacts the surface adsorption materials when passing through, resulting in a limited effective contact area and a rapid decay of the adsorption efficiency with the running time; at the same time, the judgment of the adsorption saturation state depends on manual regular detection or preset time periods, which is prone to problems such as regeneration lag or over-maintenance, resulting in increased energy consumption and operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination, which can effectively solve the problem in the prior art that the adsorption materials are fixed in a static manner and the waste gas only contacts the surface adsorption materials when passing through, resulting in a limited effective contact area. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides an exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination, including:

[0006] A bottom plate, the bottom plate includes an air inlet pipe arranged above the bottom plate, and an air pump device is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe, and the air pump device is electrically connected to a controller;

[0007] Exhaust gas treatment assembly, the exhaust gas treatment assembly includes a plurality of filter cartridges longitudinally arranged above the bottom plate, an elastic sliding installation of a conical lifting ring plate on the inner wall of the filter cartridge, activated carbon particles are filled on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate inside the filter cartridge, a pressure detection element is arranged below the conical lifting ring plate, both the upper and lower ends of each filter cartridge are communicated with a conveying pipe for conveying exhaust gas, a fixed block is fixedly installed in the conveying pipe, a circulation part is opened on the inner wall of the fixed block, a clamping block is elastically slidably installed inside the fixed block, and the clamping block can slide airtightly inside the fixed block to adjust the opening degree of the circulation part, and a one-way conical diversion barrel is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the conveying pipe and below the fixed block;

[0008] Circulation assembly, the circulation assembly is arranged at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge for filtering petroleum coke particles.

[0009] Preferably, a support frame is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate, a support plate is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the support frame, and the intake pipe is communicated with the conveying pipe at the lowermost end.

[0010] Preferably, a fixed barrel is embedded at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge, the fixed barrel is airtightly slidably connected with the conical lifting ring plate, a limiting ring is integrally formed on the upper end surface of the fixed barrel, an annular empty pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixed barrel, a plurality of corresponding communication ports are opened on both inner walls of the annular empty pipe, a fixed support is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the annular empty pipe between two corresponding communication ports, an air pipe is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed support, both ends of the air pipe are communicated with the inside of the annular empty pipe, a communication pipe is communicated with the lower end of the annular empty pipe, the lower end of the communication pipe penetrates through the fixed barrel and is fixedly communicated with the filter cartridge by a shunt pipe, an exhaust and intake device is connected to the upper end of the shunt pipe, and the exhaust and intake device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0011] Preferably, a linkage plate is fixedly installed at one end of the clamping block, a first spring is fixedly installed between the linkage plate and the fixed block, a rotating joint is fixedly installed on the side of the linkage plate away from the clamping block, a circulation pipe is communicated between the outer wall of the conveying pipe and between the fixed block and the one-way conical diversion barrel, and the lower end of the circulation pipe penetrates through the filter cartridge and is communicated with the circulation groove.

[0012] Preferably, a fixed barrel is embedded at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge. The fixed barrel is hermetically and slidably connected to the conical lifting ring plate. A limiting ring is integrally formed on the upper end surface of the fixed barrel. An annular empty pipe is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixed barrel. A plurality of communication ports are circumferentially arranged inside the annular empty pipe. A fixed bracket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the annular empty pipe. An air pipe is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed bracket. The air pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the annular empty pipe. A communication pipe is connected to the lower end of the annular empty pipe. The lower end of the communication pipe penetrates the fixed barrel and is fixedly communicated with a shunt pipe of the filter cartridge. The upper end of the shunt pipe is connected with an air extraction and exhaust device, and the air extraction and exhaust device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a square block fixedly installed on one side of the support plate. A rotary driving member is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the square block. The driving end of the rotary driving member penetrates the square block and is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft. The upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft are respectively rotationally connected to the square block and the bottom plate. A plurality of electromagnetic clutches are sleeved on the outer wall of the square block. The electromagnetic clutches are electrically connected to the controller. A first gear disc is sleeved on the outer wall of the electromagnetic clutches.

[0014] Preferably, a cross bar fixedly installed between the support frames. A short shaft is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the cross bar. A second gear disc is rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the short shaft. The second gear disc meshes with the first gear disc. A linkage rod is eccentrically rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the second gear disc. The linkage rod is rotationally connected to the rotating joint.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a pyrolysis assembly. The pyrolysis assembly includes a guiding block fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe and above the air pump device. A feeding part is arranged in the guiding block. Filter holes are arranged in the feeding part. The upper end surface of the feeding part is set as an inclined surface. A heat exchange device is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe and at a position far from the guiding block. A regeneration device is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the heat exchange device. The guiding block and the regeneration device are communicated through a feeding pipe.

[0016] An exhaust gas collection and treatment method for petroleum coke calcination specifically includes the following steps:

[0017] S1, the petroleum coke exhaust gas is pumped into the air inlet pipe through the air pump device, so that the petroleum coke exhaust gas sequentially passes through the conveying pipe and the filter cartridge;

[0018] S2, when the petroleum coke exhaust gas flows in the filter cartridge, the activated carbon particles are blown up, thereby increasing the contact area between the activated carbon particles and the exhaust gas;

[0019] S3, after the activated carbon is saturated by adsorption, the set pressure detection element will detect the weight of the activated carbon particles, so that the air pump device stops delivering the exhaust gas, and the activated carbon particles are regenerated by flowing back through the flow part, the flow assembly and the one-way conical diversion barrel.

[0020] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the known prior art:

[0021] First, through the series design of multiple filter cartridges, activated carbon particles are automatically blown up during the flow of waste gas, forming a dynamic adsorption layer, which increases the effective contact area of activated carbon. The conical lifting ring plate and the pressure detection element work together to detect the change of activated carbon adsorption amount in real time and automatically trigger the regeneration program, avoiding delays caused by manual intervention.

[0022] Second, the waste gas itself is used to drive the clamping block to adjust the opening degree of the flow-through part by its own flow pressure, realizing self-adaptive balance of air flow, reducing the additional power consumption of the air pump. The annular empty pipe in the filter cartridge cooperates with the one-way diversion structure, and the activated carbon particles automatically flow back by gravity during regeneration.

[0023] Third, the designed filter cartridge and the conveying pipe are connected in a quick-release manner. When replacing the activated carbon or cleaning the components, there is no need to shut down the whole machine. The inclined plane structure of the guide block cooperates with the filter holes to effectively intercept large particle impurities and prevent pipeline blockage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0025] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a side view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a perspective of the filter cartridge of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged structural schematic diagram at A in;

[0029] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the filter cartridge of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged structural schematic diagram at B in;

[0031] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8This is a schematic structural diagram of the pyrolysis component of the present invention.

[0033] Reference numerals: 1, bottom plate; 101, support frame; 102, support plate; 103, intake pipe; 104, air pump device; 2, waste gas treatment component; 201, fixing frame; 202, filter cartridge; 203, conveying pipe; 204, honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve; 205, flow-through groove; 206, conical lifting ring plate; 207, flow-through pipe; 208, fixing block; 209, flow-through part; 210, clamping block; 211, linkage plate; 212, first spring; 213, rotating joint; 214, one-way conical guide barrel; 215, bottom block; 216, second spring; 217, telescopic rod; 218, pressure detection element; 3, flow-through component; 301, fixed barrel; 302, annular empty pipe; 303, fixed support; 304, air pipe; 305, communication port; 306, communication pipe; 4, transmission component; 401, square block; 402, rotary drive; 403, rotating shaft; 404, electromagnetic clutch; 405, first toothed disc; 406, cross bar; 407, short shaft; 408, linkage rod; 409, second toothed disc; 5, pyrolysis component; 501, guide block; 502, filter hole; 503, heat exchange device; 504, regeneration device. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0036] Embodiment: Refer to Figures 1 to 8 , an exhaust gas collection and treatment device and method for petroleum coke calcination, including:

[0037] Bottom plate 1, the bottom plate 1 includes an intake pipe 103 arranged above the bottom plate 1, and an air pump device 104 is fixedly installed in the intake pipe 103. The air pump device 104 is a conventional device, a mechanical device for gas transportation, compression, or extraction, and compresses and discharges gas through the reciprocating motion of a piston. When the piston reciprocates in the cylinder, it inhales gas and compresses the gas to the gas discharge port. The air pump device 104 is electrically connected to a controller;

[0038] Exhaust gas treatment assembly 2, the exhaust gas treatment assembly 2 includes a plurality of filter cartridges 202 longitudinally arranged above the bottom plate 1. An elastic sliding installation of a conical lifting ring plate 206 is provided on the inner wall of the filter cartridge 202. Activated carbon particles are filled on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate 206 inside the filter cartridge 202. The weight of the activated carbon particles is relatively light and can be blown up by the exhaust gas conveyed by the air pump device 104 and float inside the filter cartridge 202. A pressure detection element 218 is arranged below the conical lifting ring plate 206. The pressure detection element 218 is an existing device and can be used with an existing pressure sensor. The pressure sensor senses the external pressure change and uses the internal sensing element (such as a strain gauge, a piezoelectric element or a semiconductor material) to convert the pressure change into an electrical signal. The upper and lower ends of each filter cartridge 202 are communicated with a conveying pipe 203 for conveying exhaust gas. The filter cartridge 202 and the conveying pipe 203 are assembled by existing screws. When cleaning is required, the filter cartridge 202 and the conveying pipe 203 can be separated by manually removing the screws. At the same time, the upper and lower ends of the filter cartridge 202 are also assembled by existing screws. When it is necessary to replace or heat the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 for regeneration, a fixing block 208 is fixedly installed inside the conveying pipe 203. A flow-through part 209 is opened on the inner wall of the fixing block 208. A clamping block 210 is elastically slidably installed inside the fixing block 208. The clamping block 210 can slide airtightly inside the fixing block 208 to adjust the opening degree of the flow-through part 209. A one-way conical guide barrel 214 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the conveying pipe 203 and below the fixing block 208. The one-way conical guide barrel 214 can be made of rubber material. The rubber material has certain elasticity and stretchability. When the exhaust gas flows upward from the lower end of the one-way conical guide barrel 214, the air pressure of the exhaust gas will squeeze the lower end of the one-way conical guide barrel 214, causing it to contract. And the lower end inlet of the one-way conical guide barrel 214 is relatively small, and a large amount of exhaust gas cannot pass through from the lower end. While the activated carbon particles can enter the inside of the one-way conical guide barrel 214 from the upper end of the one-way conical guide barrel 214 by the action of gravity. The weight of the activated carbon will squeeze the one-way conical guide barrel 214, causing its lower end to expand, so that the activated carbon particles enter the lower filter cartridge 202 from the upper filter cartridge 202;

[0039] Circulation assembly 3, the circulation assembly 3 is arranged at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge 202 for filtering petroleum coke particles.

[0040] Refer to Figures 1 to 6, a support frame 101 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 1, a support plate 102 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the support frame 101, the intake pipe 103 is communicated with the lowermost conveying pipe 203, a honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 is fixedly installed at the inner top end of the filter cylinder 202. The honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 is a zeolite material with a honeycomb structure and is widely used in fields such as catalysis, adsorption, and separation. Activated carbon is an adsorption material with a highly porous structure and is widely used for the adsorption and removal of organic pollutants in waste gas. Activated carbon is mainly used for adsorbing organic gases (such as VOCs), odor substances (such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide), and some harmful gases. The honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 is mainly used for the treatment and separation of small molecule gases, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, etc. The combination of activated carbon and the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 can achieve the comprehensive removal of various harmful gases in the petroleum coke waste gas. Activated carbon can adsorb larger organic molecule and odor substances, while the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 removes small molecule gases such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide through catalytic action. The combined use of the two can improve the comprehensive effect of waste gas treatment. It should be noted that the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 will also reach a saturated state after purifying a certain amount of waste gas. Similarly, it can be removed and placed in the regeneration device 504 for high-temperature heating to expel the substances adsorbed on the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 and make it regain the adsorption capacity. A flow channel 205 is opened in the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204. A plurality of fixing frames 201 are fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the bottom plate 1. The fixing frames 201 are fixedly connected to the filter cylinder 202. The uppermost filter cylinder 202 penetrates through the support plate 102 and extends upward. A plurality of lower base blocks 215 are fixedly installed in a circumferential array on the lower end surface of the conical lifting ring plate 206. A second spring 216 is fixedly installed between the lower base blocks 215 and the filter cylinder 202. A plurality of telescopic rods 217 are fixedly installed in a circumferential array at the inner bottom end of the filter cylinder 202. The upper end surface of the telescopic rod 217 is fixedly connected to a pressure detection element 218. The pressure detection element 218 is fixedly connected to the lower base block 215. The pressure detection element 218 is electrically connected to the controller. One end of the clamping block 210 is fixedly installed with a linkage plate 211. A first spring 212 is fixedly installed between the linkage plate 211 and the fixed block 208. A rotary joint 213 is fixedly installed on the side of the linkage plate 211 away from the clamping block 210. A flow pipe 207 is communicated between the outer wall of the conveying pipe 203 and between the fixed block 208 and the one-way conical diversion barrel 214. The lower end of the flow pipe 207 penetrates through the filter cylinder 202 and is communicated with the flow channel 205. It should be noted that the flow channel 205 is opened inside the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204. When the waste gas enters the inside of the filter cylinder 202, the activated carbon particles are blown up and the waste gas will enter the inside of the flow channel 205 and flow through the pores in the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204. When the waste gas enters the inside of one of the filter cylinders 202 and reaches a certain air pressure (the waste gas itself has a certain air pressure,Combined with the air pressure accumulated in the filter cartridge 202, during the process of flowing to the upper-layer filter cartridge 202, the air pressure of the waste gas can blow up the activated carbon particles in the upper-layer filter cartridge 202), and the waste gas will enter the upper-layer conveying pipe 203 through the circulation pipe 207.,

[0041] Refer to Figure 3 , a fixed barrel 301 is embedded at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge 202. The fixed barrel 301 is hermetically and slidably connected with the conical lifting ring plate 206. A limiting ring is integrally formed on the upper end surface of the fixed barrel 301. An annular empty pipe 302 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the fixed barrel 301. A plurality of corresponding communication ports 305 are opened on the inner walls on both sides of the annular empty pipe 302. A fixed bracket 303 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the annular empty pipe 302 and between two corresponding communication ports 305. An air pipe 304 is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed bracket 303. Both ends of the air pipe 304 communicate with the inside of the annular empty pipe 302. A communication pipe 306 is connected to the lower end of the annular empty pipe 302. The lower end of the communication pipe 306 penetrates through the fixed barrel 301 and is fixedly connected with the filter cartridge 202 to form a shunt pipe. The upper end of the shunt pipe is connected with an air extraction and exhaust device. The air extraction and exhaust device (not shown in the drawings) is a conventional device, which consists of an exhaust fan, an exhaust port, etc. The air extraction and exhaust device is electrically connected to the controller.

[0042] Refer to Figure 7 , it further includes a transmission assembly 4. The transmission assembly 4 includes a square block 401 fixedly installed on one side of the support plate 102. A rotary driving member 402 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the square block 401. The driving end of the rotary driving member 402 penetrates through the square block 401 and is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft 403. The upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft 403 are respectively rotationally connected with the square block 401 and the bottom plate 1. A plurality of electromagnetic clutches 404 are sleeved on the outer wall of the square block 401. The electromagnetic clutch 404 is a conventional device, usually composed of an electromagnet, a rotor, a sliding disk and other components. When working, the electromagnet is excited by an electric current to generate a magnetic field, connecting the rotor and the sliding disk, so as to realize the transmission of power. The electromagnetic clutch 404 is electrically connected to the controller. A first gear disk 405 is sleeved on the outer wall of the electromagnetic clutch 404. A cross bar 406 fixedly installed between the support frames 101. A short shaft 407 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the cross bar 406. A second gear disk 409 is rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the short shaft 407. The second gear disk 409 meshes with the first gear disk 405. A linkage rod 408 is eccentrically rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the second gear disk 409. The linkage rod 408 is rotationally connected with the rotating joint 213. One end of the linkage rod 408 is eccentrically rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the second gear disk 409. When the second gear disk 409 rotates, it will drive one end of the linkage rod 408 to rotate around the axis of the second gear disk 409, thereby driving the other end of the linkage rod 408 to move.

[0043] Refer to Figure 8, further comprising a pyrolysis component 5, the pyrolysis component 5 includes a guiding block 501 fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe 103 and above the air pump device 104. A material discharging part is provided in the guiding block 501, a filtering hole 502 is provided in the material discharging part, the upper end surface of the material discharging part is set as an inclined surface. A heat exchange device 503 is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe 103 and at a position far from the guiding block 501. The heat exchange device 503 is an existing device. High-temperature waste gas flows along the pipeline (the waste gas after petroleum coke calcination has a certain temperature), passes through the pipe wall of the air inlet pipe 103 and is embedded in the heat exchange device 503 (a shell-and-tube heat exchanger or a plate heat exchanger can be adopted). One side (high-temperature side) of the heat exchange device 503 is directly in contact with the waste gas. The heat in the waste gas is absorbed through the metal wall surface (such as copper, stainless steel) of the heat exchange device 503 or the internal heat-conducting medium (such as circulating water, heat-conducting oil), so that the temperature of the waste gas is significantly reduced. The heat-conducting medium (such as circulating water or oil) flows into the box jacket or the internal coil pipe after absorbing heat from the heat exchanger, releases heat to preheat the regeneration device 504, reduces the original heating energy consumption of the regeneration device 504, and at the same time reduces the waste gas discharge temperature. A regeneration device 504 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the heat exchange device 503. The guiding block 501 and the regeneration device 504 are communicated through a feed pipe.

[0044] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0045] By conveying the waste gas after calcining petroleum coke (hereinafter referred to as waste gas) into the intake pipe 103, pumping the waste gas into the conveying pipe 203 by turning on the air pump device 104, and then conveying it from the conveying pipe 203 into the filter cartridge 202, the waste gas is circulated and purified through each set conveying pipe 203 in the filter cartridge 202 from bottom to top. It should be noted that during the process of the air pump device 104 pumping the waste gas into the conveying pipe 203, the waste gas has a certain air pressure. During the process of the waste gas entering the filter cartridge 202 through the circulation component 3, the waste gas will blow the activated carbon particles to float in the filter cartridge 202, making the positions of the activated carbon particles not fixed inside the filter cartridge 202. And the upward blown activated carbon particles will fall onto the conical lifting ring plate 206 and slide towards the center of the conical lifting ring plate 206 through the conical concave surface arranged on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate 206, and then be blown up again by the waste gas at the position of the circulation component 3. The total amount of the set activated carbon particles can ensure that some activated carbon particles are always blown up and floating in the filter cartridge 202, and continuously change positions as they are blown up, so that the contact area between the activated carbon particles and the waste gas is constantly changing, enabling the activated carbon particles to purify the waste gas while increasing the contact area with the waste gas. During the process of the activated carbon particles being blown up and floating, although the activated carbon particles will fall inside the circulation component 3, however, within a unit time, the number of some activated carbon particles falling above the conical lifting ring plate 206 remains generally unchanged. After the activated carbon particles are saturated with adsorption, the weight of the activated carbon particles falling above the conical lifting ring plate 206 increases, and the pressure detection element 218 has a high detection accuracy and can detect the weight change after the activated carbon particles are saturated with adsorption;

[0046] During the process of the waste gas entering the filter cartridge 202 from the position of the circulation component 3, the waste gas with a certain air pressure will blow upwards to the one-way conical diversion barrel 214. At this time, the amount of waste gas entering the conveying pipe 203 through the one-way conical diversion barrel 214 is very small and will not affect the overall treatment effect of the waste gas. The lower end of the set one-way conical diversion barrel 214 will be tightened and closed by the blowing of the waste gas to prevent the waste gas from passing through. The waste gas will flow into the flow channel 205. When the waste gas flows in the flow channel 205, the microporous structure on the surface of the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve 204 can enable the waste gas to enter and flow through it, thereby purifying the waste gas. When the waste gas accumulates to a certain air pressure in the filter cartridge 202, the waste gas will flow through the flow pipe 207 into the conveying pipe 203 of the upper layer, and then flow into the filter cartridge 202 of the upper layer through the conveying pipe 203, so as to purify the waste gas through multiple flows in the filter cartridge 202. The purified waste gas can be discharged outwards from the conveying pipe 203 at the uppermost end;

[0047] It should be emphasized that by turning on the rotary drive 402 to drive the rotary shaft 403 to rotate, the electromagnetic clutch 404 is in an engaged state. The rotating rotary shaft 403 drives the first gear disk 405 to rotate through the electromagnetic clutch 404. The rotating first gear disk 405 meshes with the second gear disk 409 and drives it to rotate. The second gear disk 409 drives the linkage rod 408 to move. Since the linkage rod 408 is eccentrically installed on the upper end surface of the second gear disk 409, the distance between the linkage rod 408 and the latch 210 changes during the movement of the linkage rod 408. The moving linkage rod 408 can drive the linkage plate 211 and the latch 210 to slide within the fixed block 208 through the rotational connection with the rotary joint 213, thereby adjusting the flow diameter of the flow-through part 209 (when the linkage rod 408 drives the latch 210 to slide within the fixed block 208 to make the flow diameter of the flow-through part 209 reach the maximum or minimum, the controller can disconnect the voltage input to the electromagnetic clutch 404, so that the rotary shaft 403 cannot drive the first gear disk 405 to rotate). During the process of driving the latch 210 in each fixed block 208 to slide and adjust the flow diameter of the flow-through part 209, the flow diameter in each flow-through part 209 can be adjusted by the engagement of the electromagnetic clutch 404. For example, the flow diameter of the flow-through part 209 decreases sequentially from large to small from bottom to top to ensure that the gas pressure of the exhaust gas can blow up the activated carbon particles;

[0048] During the process of the exhaust gas entering the filter cartridge 202 through the delivery pipe 203, it enters the filter cartridge 202 through the gap between the air pipes 304. With the setting of the exhaust and intake device, the exhaust and intake device can transport air into each communication pipe 306 through the shunt pipe. The transported air enters the annular empty pipe 302 and then enters the air pipe 304 through the communication port 305, reducing the distance between the expansion and contraction of the air pipe 304, so that the distance between the air pipes 304 only allows the exhaust gas to pass through and does not allow the activated carbon particles to pass through;

[0049] After the activated carbon particles continuously adsorb and purify the waste gas, the activated carbon particles will reach the adsorption saturation state. When in the adsorption saturation state, the weight of the activated carbon particles will increase. The activated carbon particles with increased weight cannot be blown up by the waste gas and gradually accumulate on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate 206, causing the conical lifting ring plate 206 to increase in weight and slide downward along the inner wall of the filter cylinder 202 to compress the second spring 216. The set pressure detection element 218 will generate an electrical signal according to the weight when the conical lifting ring plate 206 slides downward. After the electrical signal generated according to the weight of the conical lifting ring plate 206 exceeds the set threshold, it drives each electromagnetic clutch 404 to engage, making the rotating shaft 403 rotate to drive the block 210 to slide within the fixed block 208 to adjust the flow diameter of the flow-through part 209 to the maximum. The exhaust device conducts air extraction, causing the air pressure in the annular empty pipe 302 and the air pipe 304 to decrease. The air pipe 304 will adhere to the outer wall of the fixed bracket 303. At this time, the distance between the air pipes 304 will increase, allowing the activated carbon particles to pass through. Control the air pump device 104 to stop supplying waste gas into the filter cylinder 202. The activated carbon particles will flow into the intake pipe 103 from top to bottom successively through the flow-through part 209, the one-way conical diversion barrel 214, and the distance between the air pipes 304. The set blanking part will cause the activated carbon particles to move through the feeding pipe into the interior of the regeneration device 504. The regeneration device 504 is composed of existing fixed-bed regeneration furnaces, dust removal devices, electric heating furnaces, etc. The activated carbon particles are heated to a high temperature generally between 600 °C and 900 °C in the regeneration device 504. Under high-temperature conditions, pollutants adsorbed on the surface of the activated carbon particles, such as gases, vapors, or organic substances, will decompose or evaporate, enabling the regeneration of the activated carbon particles. After regeneration, the activated carbon particles can be uniformly placed into the filter cylinder 202 from the uppermost delivery pipe 203. By sliding the block 210 within the fixed block 208 to adjust the flow gap, the activated carbon particles can flow through each filter cylinder 202 in sequence and be reused.

[0050] An exhaust gas collection and treatment method for petroleum coke calcination specifically includes the following steps:

[0051] S1, Use the air pump device 104 to pump the petroleum coke waste gas into the intake pipe 103, enabling the petroleum coke waste gas to pass through the delivery pipe 203 and the filter cylinder 202 in sequence;

[0052] S2, During the process of the petroleum coke waste gas flowing through the filter cylinder 202, it blows up the set activated carbon particles, increasing the contact area between the activated carbon particles and the petroleum coke waste gas;

[0053] S3, After the activated carbon reaches adsorption saturation, the set pressure detection element 218 will detect the weight of the activated carbon particles, causing the air pump device 104 to stop transporting the waste gas, and the activated carbon particles will flow back for regeneration through the flow-through part 209, the flow-through component 3, and the one-way conical diversion barrel 214.

[0054] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas collection and treatment device for petroleum coke calcination, characterized in that, Comprising: A bottom plate (1), the bottom plate (1) includes an air inlet pipe (103) arranged above the bottom plate (1), an air pump device (104) is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe (103), and the air pump device (104) is electrically connected to a controller; An exhaust gas treatment assembly (2), the exhaust gas treatment assembly (2) includes a plurality of filter cartridges (202) longitudinally arranged above the bottom plate (1), a conical lifting ring plate (206) is elastically slidably installed on the inner wall of the filter cartridge (202), activated carbon particles are filled on the upper end surface of the conical lifting ring plate (206) inside the filter cartridge (202), a pressure detection element (218) is arranged below the conical lifting ring plate (206), the upper and lower ends of each filter cartridge (202) are communicated with a delivery pipe (203) for delivering exhaust gas, a fixing block (208) is fixedly installed in the delivery pipe (203), a flow-through part (209) is formed in the inner wall of the fixing block (208), a clamping block (210) is elastically slidably installed inside the fixing block (208), the clamping block (210) can slide airtightly inside the fixing block (208) to adjust the opening degree of the flow-through part (209), and a one-way conical diversion barrel (214) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the delivery pipe (203) and below the fixing block (208); Circulation component (3), the circulation component (3) is arranged at the inner bottom end of the filter cartridge (202) for filtering petroleum coke particles. The upper end surface of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly installed with a support frame (101), and the upper end surface of the support frame (101) is fixedly installed with a support plate (102). The intake pipe (103) is communicated with the lowermost conveying pipe (203). The inner top end of the filter cartridge (202) is fixedly installed with honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve (204), and a circulation groove (205) is formed in the honeycomb zeolite molecular sieve (204). The upper end surface of the bottom plate (1) is fixedly installed with a plurality of fixing frames (201), and the fixing frames (201) are fixedly connected with the filter cartridge (202). The uppermost filter cartridge (202) penetrates through the support plate (102) and extends upward. The lower end surface of the conical lifting ring plate (206) is fixedly installed with a plurality of lower bottom blocks (215) in a circumferential array, and a second spring (216) is fixedly installed between the lower bottom blocks (215) and the filter cartridge (202). The inner bottom end of the filter cartridge (202) is fixedly installed with a telescopic rod (217) in a circumferential array, and the upper end surface of the telescopic rod (217) is fixedly connected with a pressure detection element (218). The pressure detection element (218) is fixedly connected with the lower bottom block (215), and the pressure detection element (218) is electrically connected with the controller. One end of the clamping block (210) is fixedly installed with a linkage plate (211), and a first spring (212) is fixedly installed between the linkage plate (211) and the fixed block (208). The side of the linkage plate (211) away from the clamping block (210) is fixedly installed with a rotary joint (213). A circulation pipe (207) is communicated between the outer wall of the conveying pipe (203) and between the fixed block (208) and the one-way conical diversion barrel (214). The lower end of the circulation pipe (207) penetrates through the filter cartridge (202) and is communicated with the circulation groove (205). The inner bottom end of the filter cartridge (202) is embedded with a fixed barrel (301), and the fixed barrel (301) is hermetically and slidably connected with the conical lifting ring plate (206). The upper end surface of the fixed barrel (301) is integrally formed with a limiting ring. The inner wall of the fixed barrel (301) is fixedly installed with an annular empty pipe (302). A plurality of corresponding communication ports (305) are formed on the inner walls of both sides of the annular empty pipe (302). A fixed support (303) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the annular empty pipe (302) between two corresponding communication ports (305). An air pipe (304) is sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed support (303), and both ends of the air pipe (304) are communicated with the inside of the annular empty pipe (302). The lower end of the annular empty pipe (302) is communicated with a communication pipe (306). The lower end of the communication pipe (306) penetrates through the fixed barrel (301) and is fixedly communicated with a shunt pipe of the filter cartridge (202). The upper end of the shunt pipe is connected with an air extraction and exhaust device, and the air extraction and exhaust device is electrically connected with the controller.

2. The waste gas collection and treatment device for petroleum coke calcination according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a transmission component (4). The transmission component (4) includes a square block (401) fixedly installed on one side of the support plate (102). A rotary driving member (402) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the square block (401). The driving end of the rotary driving member (402) penetrates through the square block (401) and is fixedly installed with a rotating shaft (403). The upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft (403) are respectively rotationally connected to the square block (401) and the bottom plate (1). A plurality of electromagnetic clutches (404) are sleeved on the outer wall of the square block (401). The electromagnetic clutches (404) are electrically connected to the controller. A first tooth disc (405) is sleeved on the outer wall of the electromagnetic clutch (404).

3. An exhaust gas collection and treatment device for petroleum coke calcination according to claim 2, characterized in that, A cross bar (406) fixedly installed between the support frames (101). A short shaft (407) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the cross bar (406). A second tooth disc (409) is rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the short shaft (407). The second tooth disc (409) meshes with the first tooth disc (405). A linkage rod (408) is eccentrically rotationally installed on the upper end surface of the second tooth disc (409). The linkage rod (408) is rotationally connected to the rotating joint (213).

4. An exhaust gas collection and treatment device for petroleum coke calcination according to claim 3, characterized in that, It further includes a pyrolysis component (5). The pyrolysis component (5) includes a guiding block (501) installed in the air inlet pipe (103) and above the air pump device (104). A material discharging part is provided in the guiding block (501). Filter holes (502) are provided in the material discharging part. The upper end surface of the material discharging part is set as an inclined surface. A heat exchange device (503) is fixedly installed in the air inlet pipe (103) and at a position far from the guiding block (501). A regeneration device (504) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the heat exchange device (503). The guiding block (501) and the regeneration device (504) are communicated through a feed pipe.

5. An exhaust gas collection and treatment method for petroleum coke calcination, characterized in that, Adopt the waste gas collection and treatment device for petroleum coke calcination described in any one of claims 1 to 4, specifically including the following steps: S1, The petroleum coke waste gas is pumped into the air inlet pipe (103) through the air pump device (104), so that the petroleum coke waste gas sequentially passes through the conveying pipe (203) and the filter cylinder (202). S2, When the petroleum coke waste gas flows in the filter cylinder (202), the activated carbon particles are blown up, thereby increasing the contact area between the activated carbon particles and the waste gas. S3, After the activated carbon is saturated in adsorption, the set pressure detection element (218) will detect the weight of the activated carbon particles, so that the air pump device (104) stops conveying the waste gas, and the activated carbon particles are regenerated by flowing back through the flow part (209), the flow component (3), and the one-way conical diversion barrel (214).

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