Positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding

Abstract

The present invention discloses a positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding, which relates to the field of welding technology. The method includes: designing and obtaining a part processing positioning structure; selecting a friction welding locking device according to welding requirement information, analyzing a positioning and fastening strategy, and obtaining target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; arranging a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device; controlling a friction welding strategy for a target part, and simultaneously monitoring the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding; optimizing and analyzing and adjusting the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determining positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and making a positioning and fastening decision for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters. The technical problem in the prior art that the welding quality is unstable due to improper positioning and fastening in the friction welding process is solved, and the technical effects of improving the stability of welding quality and production efficiency are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of welding technology, and particularly to a positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, friction welding, as an efficient and precise welding technology, is widely used in multiple fields such as automotive, aerospace, and precision instruments. This technology generates high temperature through the high-speed rotation and mutual friction of two parts to be welded, melting the contact surface and quickly bonding it, thereby achieving a high-strength welding effect. However, in practical applications, the quality and stability of friction welding are often affected by various factors. Among them, the accuracy of positioning and fastening and the lack of real-time monitoring are two major problems. The accuracy of positioning and fastening is directly related to the quality and reliability of the welded joint. If the positioning is inaccurate or the fastening force is inappropriate, defects such as deviation, crack, or even fracture may occur during the welding process. In addition, due to the complex friction welding process and the difficulty of direct observation, traditional welding methods often lack real-time monitoring means and cannot detect and adjust abnormal situations in the welding process in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding, which solves the technical problem of unstable welding quality caused by improper positioning and fastening in the prior art during the friction welding process.

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding.

[0005] In the first aspect of this application, a positioning and fastening decision-making method for friction welding is provided. The method includes:

[0006] Obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part. According to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point, design and obtain the part processing positioning structure. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes multiple positioning pins and positioning holes; according to the welding requirement information of the target part, select a friction welding locking device, and based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; set a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor; adopt the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding; based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, conduct an optimization analysis and adjustment on the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determine the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters, and make a positioning and fastening decision on the target part through the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0007] In the second aspect of the present application, a positioning and fastening decision-making system for friction welding is provided. The system includes:

[0008] A positioning structure design module: Obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part. According to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point, design and obtain the part processing positioning structure. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes multiple positioning pins and positioning holes; a fastening strategy analysis module: According to the welding requirement information of the target part, select a friction welding locking device, and based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; a sensor setting module: Set a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor; a monitoring module: Adopt the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding; an optimization module: Based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, conduct an optimization analysis and adjustment on the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determine the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters, and make a positioning and fastening decision on the target part through the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0009] One or more technical solutions provided in the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0010] First, obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part. According to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point, design and obtain the part processing positioning structure. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes multiple positioning pins and positioning holes. Then, according to the welding requirement information of the target part, select the friction welding locking device. Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, analyze the positioning and fastening strategy of the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters. Next, set up a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. Then, use the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding. Finally, based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, optimize, analyze, and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy, and make a positioning and fastening decision on the target part through the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy. It solves the technical problem in the prior art that the welding quality is unstable due to improper positioning and fastening during the friction welding process, and achieves the technical effect of improving the stability of welding quality and production efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 Schematic flowchart of the positioning and fastening decision-making method for friction welding provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0013] Figure 2 Schematic structural diagram of the positioning and fastening decision-making system for friction welding provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0014] Description of the reference numerals: positioning structure design module 11, fastening strategy analysis module 12, sensor setting module 13, monitoring module 14, optimization module 15. Detailed Embodiments

[0015] By providing the positioning and fastening decision-making method and system for friction welding, the present application solves the technical problem in the prior art that the welding quality is unstable due to improper positioning and fastening during the friction welding process.

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0017] It should be noted that the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0018] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 shown, the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision-making method for friction welding. Among them, the method includes:

[0019] Obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part, and design a part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes.

[0020] Obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part from CAD drawings and technical documents, including dimensions, shapes, materials, positions of key parts (such as edges, hole positions, surface features, etc.). By collecting the structural characteristic information of the target part and combining the requirements of the friction welding tooling point (i.e., the specific position and specific conditions of the welding point), a part processing positioning structure is designed. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes a stable base platform, and a plurality of positioning pins are arranged along the edge of the target part to provide linear support and prevent the part from moving or rotating in the plane during the welding process; at the same time, the positioning holes are used as accurate spatial alignment references to further ensure the stability of the part during the welding process.

[0021] During specific implementation, the part processing positioning structure is firmly installed on the workbench; the part is linearly supported along the edge of the part by the positioning pins, and the spatial position of the part is aligned by using the positioning holes; finally, a pressing device is used to fix the part to ensure that it does not displace or rotate during the welding process.

[0022] Furthermore, the design of the part processing positioning structure includes:

[0023] Extract the element features of the structural feature information to obtain the part structural element feature set, which includes part shape, specification dimensions, material, and machining accuracy requirements; determine the position, quantity, and accuracy of the tool entry points according to the requirements of the friction welding tool entry points; construct a machining positioning structure design database, and based on the part structural element feature set and the position, quantity, and accuracy of the tool entry points, traverse and match in the machining positioning structure design database to obtain the initial matching positioning structure and the matching deviation parameters; design and simulate and optimize the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to determine the part machining positioning structure.

[0024] Specifically, obtain the structural feature information of the target part from CAD drawings and technical documents, including the shape, specification dimensions, material properties, and machining accuracy requirements of the part, and extract the element features of this information to form the part structural element feature set, which includes the geometric features of the part (such as hole positions, edge shapes, etc.), dimensional parameters (such as length, width, thickness), material properties (such as hardness and thermal expansion coefficient), and specific requirements for welding accuracy (such as hole position tolerance, surface roughness, etc.); according to the requirements of the friction welding tool entry points, combine the welding path and process requirements of the part to determine the specific position, quantity, and accuracy requirements of the tool entry points, ensure that the tool entry points can cover the key welding areas, and at the same time meet the requirements of accuracy and uniformity; construct a machining positioning structure design database, which contains a variety of standardized positioning structure templates, and the templates preset the combination schemes of positioning pins, positioning holes, and clamping devices with different sizes, shapes, and functions; based on the part structural element feature set and the tool entry point requirements (tool entry point position, quantity, and accuracy), traverse and match the database, screen out the positioning structures that are initially matched with the part machining requirements, that is, the initial matching positioning structure, and record the deviation parameters generated during the matching process, such as the distance deviation between the positioning pin and the part edge, the deviation between the positioning hole diameter and the actual hole position of the part, and the deviation between the clamping device position and the tool entry point, etc.; conduct simulation optimization design for the initial matching positioning structure, use simulation tools to analyze and adjust the key components in the positioning structure, such as optimizing the distribution position of the positioning pins to improve the stability of the part, correcting the diameter and depth of the positioning holes to ensure the accuracy of the part spatial position, and adjusting the pressure distribution of the clamping device to avoid vibration and deformation during the welding process; finally, based on the optimization results, determine the final part machining positioning structure, and solidify its design parameters and layout scheme into an executable process standard file for guiding the subsequent welding positioning operation of the part.

[0025] Furthermore, the determination of the part machining positioning structure includes:

[0026] Based on the matching deviation parameters, perform an optimization strategy analysis on the initial matching and positioning structure to obtain multiple structural design optimization strategies; design and optimize the initial matching and positioning structure according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized machining and positioning structures; obtain a set of positioning effect evaluation indicators, and respectively perform design simulation evaluation on the multiple optimized machining and positioning structures based on the set of positioning effect evaluation indicators to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; compare and select the multiple optimized machining and positioning structures based on the multiple positioning structure simulation effects to determine the part machining and positioning structure.

[0027] Perform an optimization strategy analysis on the initial matching and positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to identify problems in the initial structure that may lead to unstable positioning or insufficient welding accuracy. For example, if the arrangement of the positioning pins cannot provide sufficient support, analyze whether the quantity and distribution need to be adjusted; if the dimensional deviation of the positioning holes is large, evaluate whether the hole diameter or tolerance range needs to be optimized; combine the structural characteristics and welding requirements of the part to formulate multiple structural design optimization strategies, including re-arranging the positioning components, adjusting the key dimensions, and optimizing the force distribution of the clamping device, etc.; according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies, implement design adjustments on the initial matching and positioning structure one by one to generate multiple optimized machining and positioning structures. For example, in one optimization plan, adjust the distribution of the positioning pins to improve the edge support force; in another plan, optimize the layout of the clamping device to ensure uniform pressure during the welding process.

[0028] By constructing a set of positioning effect evaluation indicators to quantify and compare the effects of different optimization plans, the positioning effect evaluation indicators include positioning accuracy (whether the deviation of the part in the positioning structure meets the design requirements), structural stability (whether the part undergoes obvious displacement or loosening during the welding process), clamping force uniformity (whether the force applied by the clamping device is evenly distributed at the key parts), and adaptability (whether the positioning structure can be compatible with parts of different specifications or materials). Respectively perform design simulation evaluation on the multiple optimized machining and positioning structures based on the set of positioning effect evaluation indicators, use simulation tools to simulate the stress, thermal deformation, and vibration conditions of the part under actual welding conditions, and output simulation effect data, including key parameters such as positioning accuracy, stress distribution diagram, clamping force distribution, and welding heat affected zone, etc., to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; according to the multiple positioning structure simulation effects, compare and select the multiple optimized machining and positioning structures, adopt the method of multi-index weighted scoring to comprehensively analyze the simulation data. For example, assign a higher weight according to the importance of the positioning accuracy, sort the scores of each structural plan, and select the plan with the highest comprehensive score as the final part machining and positioning structure.

[0029] According to the welding requirement information of the target part, select a friction welding locking device, and based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0030] According to the welding requirement information of the target part, including the strength requirements of the welding joint, material characteristics, welding temperature range, welding path length, and the accuracy requirements of the tool entry point, select a suitable friction welding locking device. The friction welding locking device is used to stably fix the part in the positioning structure to prevent displacement caused by external forces or thermal deformation during the welding process.

[0031] Based on the synergistic effect of the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a positioning and fastening strategy analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part. By analyzing the clamping point distribution, clamping force magnitude of the locking device, and the support point layout of the positioning structure, calculate the forces and thermal deformation conditions that the part may be subjected to during the welding process, so as to determine the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, including the clamping force parameter (the magnitude of the clamping force applied by each locking device), the locking position parameter (the installation position and action range of the locking device), and the relative position parameter between the positioning pin and the locking device (ensuring the mutual cooperation of positioning and locking to form a stable support and fixing structure).

[0032] Furthermore, obtaining the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes:

[0033] Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a strategy design analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters. The part positioning and fastening strategy parameters include the part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force magnitude; conduct finite element analysis and mesh division solution on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a part finite element simulation model; use the part finite element simulation model to simulate the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the part deformation trend and thermal stress distribution; based on the part deformation trend and thermal stress distribution, iteratively optimize the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0034] Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, conduct a strategy design analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part, analyze and determine the part fastening points, including key structural parts (such as around the hole position, the edge of the welding area) and the specific positions where clamping force needs to be applied; plan the fastening sequence to avoid part displacement caused by thermal expansion or stress concentration during the welding process; calculate the clamping force magnitude of each fastening point to ensure that it can provide sufficient fixation without causing plastic deformation of the part.

[0035] Perform finite element analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part. Specifically, first, use a 3D modeling tool to construct the geometric model of the part to ensure that the model can accurately reflect the actual structural characteristics of the part. Then, discretize the model through a mesh generation tool to ensure that the mesh density is fine enough to capture the subtle deformations and thermal stress distributions that may occur during the welding process. Finally, define the material properties of the part (such as elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion) and boundary conditions (such as the position of the clamping force, welding heat input), and establish a complete finite element simulation model. Based on the finite element simulation model, perform simulation analysis on the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters. By inputting the initial fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force magnitude, run the simulation to calculate the deformation trend of the part under the action of welding heat input and clamping force, and generate a deformation distribution map. At the same time, analyze the thermal stress distribution on the surface and inside of the part to identify stress concentration areas and potential failure risks. According to the simulation results, iteratively optimize the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters. Adjust the position and number of fastening points, for example, add support points to reduce local deformation; optimize the clamping force magnitude, and appropriately reduce the clamping force in high-stress areas according to the thermal stress distribution; adjust the fastening sequence so that the clamping force along the welding path can gradually release the residual stress caused by thermal expansion. Run the simulation again after each optimization to evaluate the optimized deformation and stress distribution until the optimal fastening strategy is achieved. Finally, solidify the optimized fastening point position, fastening sequence, and clamping force magnitude as the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0036] Furthermore, obtaining the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes:

[0037] Obtain the part deformation limit value and the thermal and mechanical safety threshold value. Based on the part deformation limit value and the thermal and mechanical safety threshold value, identify the instability regions for the part deformation trend and the thermal stress distribution respectively to obtain the part critical instability region set. Perform stability evaluation on each instability region in the part critical instability region set to obtain the region stability coefficient set. Based on the part critical instability region set and the region stability coefficient set, perform iterative optimization and adjustment on the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0038] Based on the material properties of the target part and the welding process requirements, determine the part deformation limit value and the thermal and mechanical safety threshold value. Among them, the part deformation limit value is determined by the maximum displacement or warping amount allowed for the part, usually obtained through design standards or experimental verification; the thermal and mechanical safety threshold value is determined by the heat stress resistance ability of the part material and can be determined through material property data sheets or thermodynamic tests. Then, use the finite element simulation model to analyze the possible deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part during the welding process. Compare the simulation results with the part deformation limit value and the thermal and mechanical safety threshold value to identify the regions in the part where the deformation or thermal stress exceeds the limit value, mark them as the part critical instability regions, and integrate all the part critical instability regions into the part critical instability region set.

[0039] Perform stability assessment on each instability region in the critical instability region set. Specifically, calculate the ratio of the local deformation amount to the deformation limit value of each instability region, as well as the ratio of the thermal stress to the thermal safety threshold value to generate a preliminary instability coefficient for the region; evaluate the influence weight of the region on the overall stability in combination with the stress gradient and deformation concentration degree of the further instability region and the overall structural characteristics of the part; based on the above analysis, generate the stability coefficient of each instability region to obtain a set of regional stability coefficients. The lower the regional stability coefficient, the more unstable the region is.

[0040] Based on the critical instability region set of the part and the set of regional stability coefficients, iteratively optimize and adjust the positioning and fastening strategy parameters. For each instability region, the following optimization measures can be taken: add or rearrange fastening points around the instability region to improve the regional support conditions, and give priority to optimizing the regions with lower stability coefficients; adjust the clamping force near the instability region, reduce the clamping force in the high-stress region to relieve stress concentration, and increase the clamping force in the low-support region to enhance the overall stability; according to the distribution of the instability regions, adjust the fastening sequence on the welding path to gradually release the residual stress and avoid deformation accumulation. After each optimization, run the simulation analysis again to verify the effect of the optimization scheme; evaluate the change of the instability region after optimization through the simulation results and recalculate the regional stability coefficient; repeat the iteration to gradually reduce the number of instability regions and improve the overall stability until all instability regions are effectively controlled and the stability coefficient reaches the set threshold. Finally, solidify the optimized fastening point positions, clamping force magnitudes, and fastening sequences as the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0041] Set a sensor group on the part processing and positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor.

[0042] Install a sensor group on the part processing and positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. Among them, the displacement sensor is used to monitor the spatial displacement of the part to ensure the stability of positioning; the pressure sensor is used to measure the clamping force applied by the locking device to avoid damage or loosening caused by excessive or too small force; the temperature sensor is used to record the heat change during the welding process to prevent material damage or welding failure caused by too high temperature.

[0043] Use the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding.

[0044] Install the part into the machining positioning structure according to the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to ensure that the positioning pins and holes are aligned with the reference positions of the part. At the same time, adjust the clamping force of the friction welding locking device to the set value, and gradually apply the clamping force according to the fastening sequence until the target clamping state is reached to ensure the stability of the part during welding. Start the friction welding equipment for welding, and use the sensor group to monitor the multi-dimensional data (such as displacement, pressure, temperature, etc.) during the welding process in real time to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding.

[0045] Based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, optimize, analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters, determine the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters, and make positioning and fastening decisions for the target part through the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0046] Use the collected multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding to optimize, analyze and adjust the reference positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters. According to the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters, re-position the part into the part machining positioning structure and adjust the force application parameters of the friction welding locking device to improve the welding quality and the stability of positioning and fastening.

[0047] Furthermore, the determination of the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes:

[0048] Preprocess the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding and extract associated features to obtain the multi-dimensional associated feature set of part welding. Build a welding anomaly identifier, and based on the welding anomaly identifier, identify anomalies in the multi-dimensional associated feature set of part welding to obtain the welding anomaly parameters of the part. Based on the welding anomaly parameters of the part, optimize, analyze and adjust the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the optimized selection threshold of the strategy parameters. Use the finite element simulation model of the part to perform global evaluation and optimization within the optimized selection threshold of the strategy parameters to determine the optimized positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0049] Specifically, preprocess the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding generated during the welding process. Denoise the collected raw data through a filtering algorithm to eliminate the acquisition error. Then standardize the data to normalize the data of different dimensions to a unified range. Finally, align the data according to the time axis to ensure the temporal consistency between the data of each dimension. After the preprocessing is completed, extract features based on the relevance of the data, such as analyzing the relationship between the change in clamping force and the displacement of the part, the correlation between the welding temperature and the thermal stress distribution, etc., to form the multi-dimensional associated feature set of part welding.

[0050] Build a welding anomaly recognizer to detect anomalies during the welding process. Select a model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and train it with the historical welding data of the parts. The anomaly samples include insufficient clamping force, excessive temperature, or displacement exceeding the standard, etc. Input the extracted multi-dimensional correlation feature set into the anomaly recognizer to identify the abnormal parameters during the welding process, such as the clamping force being lower than the set range at a certain moment or the temperature in a certain area exceeding the safety threshold, and record the specific values and positions of the abnormal parameters. Analyze and optimize the positioning and fastening strategy parameters according to the abnormal parameters. Combine the identified abnormal situations and set the optimization selection thresholds for each parameter. For example, if the clamping force is abnormally low, recalculate the pressure range of the clamping device to ensure that the identified abnormal range is covered; if the temperature in the welding area is higher than the safety threshold, optimize the heat input power or welding time of the welding equipment; if the displacement exceeds the allowable range, increase the number of fastening points or adjust the positions of the fastening points to ensure that the parts do not shift during the welding process.

[0051] Input the optimization selection thresholds into the finite element simulation model of the parts to globally evaluate and optimize the welding process after parameter adjustment. Use the simulation model to simulate different parameter combinations and evaluate the effects of each scheme on the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the parts. Through the optimization algorithm, perform global optimization within the selection thresholds to find the best parameter combination that minimizes the deformation of the parts and makes the thermal stress distribution uniform, and determine this combination as the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0052] Furthermore, the determination of the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes:

[0053] Take the optimized selection thresholds of the strategy parameters as the optimization search space, and obtain multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations by uniformly sampling within the optimization search space. Set the welding optimization goal, and according to the welding optimization goal, fit and construct a welding effect evaluation fitness function. Use the finite element simulation model of the parts and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to perform simulation and effect evaluation on the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations to obtain the welding effects of multiple strategy parameters. Based on the welding effects of multiple strategy parameters, expand the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations through crossover and mutation to obtain a population of strategy parameter combinations, and perform global comparison and optimization within the population of strategy parameter combinations to determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0054] Specifically, set the optimization selection threshold of the strategy parameters as the optimization search space, including the clamping force range, the welding temperature range, and the adjustable range of the fastening point layout; adopt a uniform sampling strategy within the optimization search space, and discretely sample each parameter dimension at a set interval. For example, divide the clamping force into 10 equally spaced points, divide the welding temperature into 5 intervals, and select 5 different layout schemes for the fastening point positions to generate multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations to ensure full coverage of the search space. Define the welding optimization objective, which is to minimize the part deformation caused by welding, optimize the uniformity of the thermal stress distribution, and improve the strength of the welded joint; based on the welding optimization objective, construct a fitness function for evaluating the welding effect, normalize different objective indicators and assign weights. Among them, the fitness function for evaluating the welding effect is F = w1D + w2S + w3J, where w1, w2, and w3 respectively represent the relative weights of each objective, D represents the part deformation amount, S represents the uniformity of the thermal stress distribution, J represents the strength of the welded joint, and F represents the fitness value. The lower the fitness value, the worse the welding effect.

[0055] Use the finite element simulation model of the part to simulate each candidate strategy parameter combination. The simulation content includes: the influence of the clamping force distribution on the part deformation stability, the effect of the welding temperature on the thermal stress distribution, and the contribution of the fastening point layout to the joint strength. Input the simulation results into the fitness function to calculate the welding effect of each candidate strategy parameter combination, including the part deformation amount, the uniformity of the thermal stress distribution, and the strength of the welded joint; summarize these results to generate the welding effects of multiple strategy parameters.

[0056] Based on the simulation results, perform crossover and mutation on the candidate strategy parameter combinations with better performance to expand the population. Specifically, crossover: extract partial parameters from two preferred combinations and recombine them. For example, select the clamping force parameter from combination A and the welding temperature parameter from combination B to generate a new combination; mutation: randomly adjust the parameter values of the selected combination. For example, increase the clamping force of a certain combination by 10% or decrease the welding temperature by 5%. The expanded population undergoes another simulation to calculate its welding effect, and together with the original candidate combinations, it forms a complete population of strategy parameter combinations. Finally, perform global comparison and optimization within the expanded population; sort the welding effects of all strategy parameter combinations and select the strategy parameters with the highest fitness value as the optimized parameters for the final positioning and fastening strategy.

[0057] In summary, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects:

[0058] First, obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part. According to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point, design and obtain the part processing positioning structure. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes multiple positioning pins and positioning holes. Then, according to the welding requirement information of the target part, select a friction welding locking device, and analyze the positioning and fastening strategy of the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters. Next, set up a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor. Then, use the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding. Finally, optimize and analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy, and make a positioning and fastening decision for the target part through the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy. This solves the technical problem in the prior art that the welding quality is unstable due to improper positioning and fastening during the friction welding process, and achieves the technical effect of improving the stability of welding quality and production efficiency.

[0059] Embodiment 2, based on the same inventive concept as the positioning and fastening decision-making method for friction welding in the foregoing embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the present application provides a positioning and fastening decision-making system for friction welding. Among them, the system includes:

[0060] A positioning structure design module 11: Obtain the structural characteristic information of the target part. According to the structural characteristic information and the requirements of the friction welding tooling point, design and obtain the part processing positioning structure. Among them, the part processing positioning structure includes multiple positioning pins and positioning holes; A fastening strategy analysis module 12: According to the welding requirement information of the target part, select a friction welding locking device, and analyze the positioning and fastening strategy of the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; A sensor setting module 13: Set up a sensor group on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device. The sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor; A monitoring module 14: Use the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time, monitor the part welding process in real time through the sensor group to obtain the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding; An optimization module 15: Optimize and analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding, determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy, and make a positioning and fastening decision for the target part through the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0061] Further, the positioning structure design module 11 is configured to execute the following method:

[0062] Extract element features from the structural characteristic information to obtain a part structural element feature set, where the part structural element feature set includes part shape, specification dimensions, material, and machining accuracy requirements; determine the position, quantity, and accuracy of the tooling points according to the requirements of the friction welding tooling points; construct a machining positioning structure design database, and based on the part structural element feature set and the position, quantity, and accuracy of the tooling points, traverse and match in the machining positioning structure design database to obtain an initial matching positioning structure and matching deviation parameters; perform design simulation optimization on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to determine the part machining positioning structure.

[0063] Further, the positioning structure design module 11 is configured to execute the following method:

[0064] Conduct an optimization strategy analysis on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to obtain multiple structural design optimization strategies; perform design optimization on the initial matching positioning structure according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized machining positioning structures; obtain a positioning effect evaluation index set, and based on the positioning effect evaluation index set, conduct design simulation evaluations on the multiple optimized machining positioning structures respectively to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; compare and select the multiple optimized machining positioning structures based on the multiple positioning structure simulation effects to determine the part machining positioning structure.

[0065] Further, the fastening strategy analysis module 12 is configured to execute the following method:

[0066] Conduct a strategy design analysis on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part machining positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain part positioning fastening strategy parameters, where the part positioning fastening strategy parameters include part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force magnitude; conduct finite element analysis and mesh division solution on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a part finite element simulation model; use the part finite element simulation model to perform simulation on the part positioning fastening strategy parameters to obtain part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions; perform iterative optimization on the part positioning fastening strategy parameters based on the part deformation trends and thermal stress distributions to obtain the target positioning fastening strategy parameters.

[0067] Further, the fastening strategy analysis module 12 is configured to execute the following method:

[0068] Obtain the deformation limit value of the part and the thermal safety threshold value, respectively identify the instability regions of the part deformation trend and the thermal stress distribution based on the part deformation limit value and the thermal safety threshold value, and obtain the set of critical instability regions of the part; respectively evaluate the stability of each instability region in the set of critical instability regions of the part to obtain the set of regional stability coefficients; based on the set of critical instability regions of the part and the set of regional stability coefficients, iteratively optimize and adjust the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

[0069] Further, the optimization module 15 is used to execute the following method:

[0070] Preprocess the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding and extract associated features to obtain the set of multi-dimensional associated features of the part welding; build a welding anomaly identifier, and based on the welding anomaly identifier, identify anomalies in the set of multi-dimensional associated features of the part welding to obtain the part welding anomaly parameters; based on the part welding anomaly parameters, perform optimization and adjustment analysis on the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters to obtain the threshold for optimizing and selecting the strategy parameters; use the finite element simulation model of the part to perform global evaluation and optimization within the threshold for optimizing and selecting the strategy parameters to determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0071] Further, the optimization module 15 is used to execute the following method:

[0072] Take the threshold for optimizing and selecting the strategy parameters as the optimization search space, uniformly sample in the optimization search space to obtain multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations; set the welding optimization goal, and according to the welding optimization goal, fit and construct a welding effect evaluation fitness function; use the finite element simulation model of the part and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to perform simulation and effect evaluation on the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations to obtain the welding effects of multiple strategy parameters; based on the welding effects of multiple strategy parameters, perform cross-mutation expansion on the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations to obtain the population of strategy parameter combinations, and perform global comparison and optimization within the population of strategy parameter combinations to determine the optimized parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy.

[0073] It should be noted that the above sequence of embodiments of the present application is only for description and does not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. And the above describes specific embodiments of this specification. The processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0074] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0075] This specification and the drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the present application and are considered to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of the present application. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present application without departing from the scope of the present application. Thus, provided that these modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the present application and its equivalent technologies, the present application is intended to include these changes and modifications therein.

Claims

1. A positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire structural characteristic information of the target part, and design a part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirement, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; According to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; A sensor group is arranged on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; The target positioning and fastening strategy parameters are used to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and the sensor group is used to monitor the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; Optimizing, analyzing and adjusting the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, determining the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and making positioning and fastening decisions for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters; The design obtains a part processing positioning structure, including: Extracting element features from the structural characteristic information to obtain a part structural element feature set, wherein the part structural element feature set includes part shape, specification size, material, and processing accuracy requirements; According to the friction welding cutting point requirements, determine the cutting point position, quantity and accuracy; Constructing a machining positioning structure design database, and performing traversal matching in the machining positioning structure design database based on the part structural element feature set and the position, quantity and accuracy of the cutting point to obtain an initial matching positioning structure and matching deviation parameters; Performing design simulation optimization on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameters to determine the part processing positioning structure; The step of determining the part processing positioning structure comprises: Performing an optimization strategy analysis on the initial matching positioning structure based on the matching deviation parameter to obtain a plurality of structural design optimization strategies; Performing design optimization on the initial matching positioning structure according to the multiple structural design optimization strategies to obtain multiple optimized processing positioning structures; Obtaining a positioning effect evaluation index set, and performing design simulation evaluation on the multiple optimized processing positioning structures based on the positioning effect evaluation index set to obtain multiple positioning structure simulation effects; Based on the simulation effects of the multiple positioning structures, the multiple optimized processing positioning structures are compared and selected to determine the part processing positioning structure.

2. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes: Based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, a strategy design analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part to obtain part positioning and fastening strategy parameters, wherein the part positioning and fastening strategy parameters include part fastening points, fastening sequence, and clamping force; Performing finite element analysis and meshing solution on the structural characteristic information of the target part to establish a finite element simulation model of the part; The finite element simulation model of the part is used to simulate the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the part to obtain the deformation trend and thermal stress distribution of the part; The part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized based on the part deformation trend and thermal stress distribution to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

3. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The obtaining of the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters includes: Obtaining a deformation limit value and a thermal safety threshold value of a part, and identifying unstable regions of deformation trends and thermal stress distribution of the part based on the deformation limit value and the thermal safety threshold value, respectively, to obtain a critical unstable region set of the part; Performing stability evaluation on each instability region in the critical instability region set of the part respectively to obtain a set of regional stability coefficients; The part positioning and fastening strategy parameters are iteratively optimized and adjusted based on the part critical instability region set and the region stability coefficient set to obtain the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters.

4. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: Preprocessing and extracting associated features of the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of part welding to obtain a multi-dimensional associated feature set of part welding; Building a welding anomaly identifier, and performing anomaly identification on the multi-dimensional associated feature set of the part welding based on the welding anomaly identifier to obtain the part welding anomaly parameters; Optimizing and adjusting the positioning and fastening strategy parameters of the parts based on the abnormal welding parameters of the parts to obtain the optimization selection threshold of the strategy parameters; The finite element simulation model of the part is used to perform global evaluation and optimization within the strategy parameter optimization selection threshold to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

5. The positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of determining the optimization parameters of the positioning and fastening strategy includes: The strategy parameter optimization selection threshold is used as an optimization search space, and multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are obtained by uniform sampling in the optimization search space; Setting a welding optimization target, and constructing a welding effect evaluation fitness function by fitting according to the welding optimization target; Using the part finite element simulation model and the welding effect evaluation fitness function to simulate and evaluate the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations, and obtain welding effects of multiple strategy parameters; Based on the welding effects of the multiple strategy parameters, the multiple candidate strategy parameter combinations are cross-mutated and expanded to obtain a strategy parameter combination population, and a global comparison and optimization is performed within the strategy parameter combination population to determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

6. Positioning and fastening decision system for friction welding, characterized in that: A positioning and fastening decision method for friction welding according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented, wherein the system comprises: Positioning structure design module: obtains the structural characteristic information of the target part, and designs the part processing positioning structure according to the structural characteristic information and the friction welding cutting point requirements, wherein the part processing positioning structure includes a plurality of positioning pins and positioning holes; Fastening strategy analysis module: according to the welding requirement information of the target part, a friction welding locking device is selected, and a positioning and fastening strategy analysis is performed on the structural characteristic information of the target part based on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device to obtain target positioning and fastening strategy parameters; Sensor setting module: a sensor group is set on the part processing positioning structure and the friction welding locking device, and the sensor group includes a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor; Monitoring module: using the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters to control the friction welding strategy of the target part, and at the same time using the sensor group to monitor the part welding process in real time to obtain a multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding; Optimization module: Optimize, analyze and adjust the target positioning and fastening strategy parameters based on the multi-dimensional monitoring data stream of the part welding, determine the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters, and make positioning and fastening decisions for the target part through the positioning and fastening strategy optimization parameters.

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