Bunched hole stage caving mining method

Abstract

The invention provides a bunchy hole staged caving mining method, which relates to the technical field of mining, and comprises the following steps: dividing an ore body into a plurality of stages along the trend of the ore body, and dividing each stage into a plurality of ore blocks perpendicular to the trend of the ore body; a stage transportation roadway and an ore pass are arranged on the footwall of the ore body in each stage along the trend of the ore body, and an ore removal rock drilling roadway, an undercutting rock drilling roadway and an ore removal through roadway are arranged perpendicular to the trend of the ore body; an upward medium-length hole group is arranged in the undercutting rock drilling roadway of each stage, and a downward bundle-shaped hole group and a top caving hole are arranged in the ore removal rock drilling roadway of the upper stage of each stage; arranging a vein-following groove roadway and a cutting well on the hanging wall of the ore body at each stage, arranging blast holes in the vein-following groove roadway, and blasting by taking the cutting well as a free surface to form a cutting groove; and the upward medium-length hole set, the downward bundle-shaped hole set and the caving holes are blasted at the same time according to the cutting grooves serving as free faces, and caved ore and caved surrounding rock are formed. The mining work amount can be reduced, and the mining efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining, and in particular to a bundle hole stage caving mining method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern science and technology, the innovation speed of underground mining technology in metal mines has been significantly accelerated, which has significantly promoted the overall development of my country's mining industry. As a widely used underground mining method in metal mines, caving mining controls the ground pressure in the mining area by systematically causing rock collapse in the goaf. It has the advantages of large production scale, simple operation process and low mining cost. However, this method also has the problem of high recovery depletion rate and loss rate, and is suitable for large-scale mining of low-grade or relatively low-value ore bodies.

[0003] According to the different collapse heights, caving mining methods can be divided into segmented caving, staged caving and natural caving. Among them, the staged caving method is to divide one or more rock drilling sections within the entire stage height range, and carry out compulsory ore collapse according to the stages or sections, and implement large-scale ore placement operations under the covering rock layer at the entire stage height. In the process of staged rock drilling, due to the small diameter of the blasthole and the close distance to the collapse boundary, it is easy to be buried by the collapsed ore, resulting in poor blasting effect, and it is difficult to produce sufficient blasting and squeezing effect on the lateral tall ore body. In order to solve the limitation of the above-mentioned blasting process on the height of the ore drop, the medium-deep hole ore drop method of segmented rock drilling is usually adopted. However, in order to meet the required blasting height requirements, segmented rock drilling needs to increase the amount of mining engineering, thereby reducing the recovery efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of low mining efficiency in the caving mining method. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a bundle hole stage caving mining method, which effectively solves the problem of low mining efficiency existing in the caving mining method.

[0005] The present invention provides a bundle hole stage caving mining method, the method comprising:

[0006] Dividing the ore body into multiple stages along the ore body strike, and each stage is divided into multiple ore blocks perpendicular to the ore body strike;

[0007] In each stage of the ore body footwall, a stage transportation tunnel and a ore chute are arranged along the ore body strike, and a mine drilling tunnel, a bottom drilling tunnel and a mine through tunnel are arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike;

[0008] Arranging an upward medium-depth hole group in the bottom drilling tunnel of each stage, and arranging a downward bundle hole group and a top caving hole in the mining drilling tunnel of the upper stage of each stage;

[0009] Arrange a groove tunnel along the vein and a cutting well in the upper wall of the ore body at each stage, arrange blasting holes in the groove tunnel along the vein, and use the cutting well as a free surface for blasting to form a cutting groove;

[0010] According to the cutting groove as a free surface, the upward medium-deep hole group, the downward bundle hole group and the top caving hole are blasted simultaneously to form collapsed ore and collapsed surrounding rock.

[0011] Further, the downward bundle hole group includes a plurality of downward bundle holes, the downward bundle holes include a plurality of blast holes, the blast holes are filled with explosive packs, and the spacing between the blast holes is:

[0012] B e =n e d0

[0013] The explosion cavity diameter of the downward beam hole is:

[0014]

[0015] In the above formula, B e Indicates the distance between blast holes, n e represents the blasthole spacing coefficient, d0 represents the blasthole diameter, D represents the blast cavity diameter of the downward bundled holes, and n represents the number of blastholes.

[0016] Furthermore, the optimal burial depth of the explosive package is:

[0017]

[0018] In the above formula, W j represents the optimal burial depth of the explosive package, L N represents the critical burial depth, Δ j represents the optimal burial depth ratio, E represents the deformation energy coefficient, Q Z0 Indicates the equivalent amount of explosive.

[0019] Furthermore, the equivalent explosive charge is:

[0020]

[0021] In the above formula, Q0 represents the amount of each explosive pack, η i It indicates the blasting efficiency of each of the explosive packs.

[0022] Furthermore, the blasting efficiency of the explosive pack is:

[0023]

[0024] In the above formula, V i represents the volume of blasting funnel at different burial depths, V maxrepresents the volume of the blasting funnel at the optimal burial depth, Δ i represents the burial depth ratio, b and c represent the blasting funnel test curve parameters respectively.

[0025] Furthermore, the downward bundle holes are arranged in a fan shape, the row spacing of the downward bundle holes blasting is 5m-7m, and the bundle bottom distance of the downward bundle holes is 4.5m-6.5m.

[0026] Furthermore, the upward medium-depth hole group includes a plurality of upward medium-depth holes, and the plurality of upward medium-depth holes are arranged in a fan shape. The diameter of the upward medium-depth holes is 60mm-80mm, and the row spacing of the upward medium-depth holes is 2m-3m.

[0027] Furthermore, the blasting line of the downward bundled hole group exceeds the blasting line of the upward medium-deep hole group by 5m-7m, and the downward bundled holes and the upward medium-deep holes are staggered and withdrawn synchronously.

[0028] Furthermore, after the formation of the caved ore and the caved surrounding rock, the method further comprises:

[0029] The first ore discharge after the collapse is to release 30%-40% of the collapsed ore. After the delayed blasting collapse line is 8m-15m, the staged slope ore discharge is carried out.

[0030] Furthermore, the plurality of mine exit tunnels are arranged in a fishbone shape.

[0031] The bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by the present invention greatly reduces the amount of mining and cutting work by arranging upper and lower horizontal rock drilling operations at various stages of the mine and cleverly merging the mine-exit tunnel with the downward rock drilling tunnel. The use of segmented staggered synchronous withdrawal and fan-shaped bundle hole large-step synchronous extrusion blasting technology ensures continuous and efficient recovery of stage caving, effectively improving the production capacity of the mine. Through sophisticated blasting design and strict mining management, while ensuring production efficiency, ore depletion and loss can be relatively well controlled to ensure the effective use of resources. The application of bundle hole blasting technology can achieve a more uniform and controllable blasting effect, reduce safety hazards caused by improper blasting, and improve the safety of the working environment. At the same time, the simplified mine structure and efficient mining process also help to reduce the time personnel are exposed to dangerous environments, further ensuring the safety of operators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of a bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram perpendicular to the direction of the ore body when the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is implemented;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view along the direction of the ore body when the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is implemented;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a top view of the implementation of the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Description of main component symbols:

[0038] 1. Stage transportation tunnel; 2. Mining and rock drilling tunnel; 3. Grooving tunnel along the vein; 4. Cutting shaft; 5. Upward medium-deep hole; 6. Downward bundle hole; 7. Collapsed ore; 8. Collapsed surrounding rock; 9. Ore chute; 10. Mining tunnel; 11. Bottom pulling and rock drilling tunnel; 12. Top caving hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0042] The caving mining method is one of the three major mining methods for underground mining in metal mines. It controls the ground pressure of the mining area by caving the goaf. The caving mining method can be divided into the sub-caving method, the stage caving method and the natural caving method according to the height of the caving during mining. The higher the height of the mining caving, the higher the mining efficiency and the lower the cost. The height of the caving of the natural caving method can reach several hundred meters. It only needs to pull the bottom of the ore body and arrange the bottom structure to mine. The applicable conditions of the natural caving method are relatively strict. It requires the ore body to be thick and large in scale, the ore body joints and fissures have a certain degree of development, and the caving is good, so its application scope is limited. The pillarless sub-caving method has flexible mining layout, simple mining structure, and large production capacity. It is the most widely used caving mining method at present, but its mining depletion rate and loss rate are both high.

[0043] The staged caving method is to divide the entire stage height range into one or more rock drilling sections, and carry out compulsory ore caving according to the stages or sections, and implement large-scale ore placement operations under the covering rock layer at the entire stage height. In the process of staged rock drilling, due to the small diameter of the blasthole and the close distance to the collapse boundary, it is easy to be buried by the collapsed ore, resulting in poor blasting effect, and it is difficult to produce sufficient blasting and squeezing effect on the lateral tall ore body. In order to solve the limitation of the above-mentioned blasting process on the height of the ore drop, the medium-deep hole ore drop method of segmented rock drilling is usually adopted. However, in order to meet the required blasting height requirements, segmented rock drilling needs to increase the amount of mining and approval engineering, thereby reducing the recovery efficiency. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of low mining efficiency in the caving mining method.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The embodiment of the present invention provides a bundle hole stage caving mining method, which effectively solves the problem of low mining efficiency in the caving mining method in the prior art. Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0046] S100, dividing the ore body into multiple stages along the ore body strike, and dividing each stage into multiple ore blocks perpendicular to the ore body strike.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, a large-scale ore deposit suitable for ground surface collapse, ore without cohesion, and medium or above ore rock stability can be selected for mining. First, the ore body is divided into multiple stages along the ore body direction, and then each stage is divided into multiple ore blocks perpendicular to the ore body direction. The length of the ore block can be 80m-120m, the height of the ore block is the same as the stage height, which can be 50m-60m, and the width of the stope in the ore block can be 35m-45m.

[0048] S200. In each stage, the stage transportation tunnels and chutes are arranged along the direction of the ore body in the footwall of the ore body, and the mining drilling tunnels, bottom drilling tunnels and mining through tunnels are arranged vertically to the direction of the ore body.

[0049] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vertical ore body when the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is implemented. Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the direction of the ore body when the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is implemented, Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a top view of the implementation of the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2-Figure 4 As shown, in each stage, the stage transport tunnel 1 and the chute 9 are excavated along the ore body in the footwall of the ore body. The stage transport tunnel 1 is an important channel for transporting ore, waste rock, personnel, materials and equipment in mining. It connects the tunnels at different mining levels to ensure that the ore can be smoothly transported from the ore body to the surface. The chute 9 is a tunnel that uses its own weight to slide the ore from top to bottom. The ore that has collapsed in the middle section of the upper mine can be concentrated and lowered to the main transport channel, realizing the centralized transportation of ore and reducing transportation costs.

[0050] At the same time, the mining rock drilling tunnel 2, the bottom rock drilling tunnel 11 and the mining tunnel 10 are arranged vertically in each stage of the ore body. The mining rock drilling tunnel 2 has the functions of both mining and rock drilling. In mining operations, the mining rock drilling tunnel 2 is mainly used for the mining and transportation of ore, and also serves as the main place for rock drilling operations. The mining rock drilling tunnel 2 not only provides convenience for the mining and transportation of ore, but also provides the necessary place and conditions for rock drilling operations. Through reasonable layout and design, it can significantly improve mining efficiency and safety, reduce mining costs and environmental impacts. The bottom rock drilling tunnel 11 refers to a tunnel for rock drilling operations excavated at the bottom of the mining area during the mining process, especially before the mine room is recovered. Its main function is to provide working space for rock drilling equipment, so that operators can carry out mining operations such as rock drilling and blasting at the bottom of the mining area. At the same time, the bottom rock drilling tunnel is also often used as a passage for ventilation, drainage and transportation, which plays an important role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of mining operations. The main function of the mine-exit tunnel 10 is to transport the ore in the mining area through the tunnel. During the mining process, after the ore is blasted and loaded, it needs to be transported out of the mining area through the mine-exit tunnel 10 for further utilization. In the embodiment of the present invention, the mine-exit tunnel 10 is arranged in a fishbone shape, and the branch tunnels effectively utilize the space, facilitate the transportation of ore and waste rock, and improve the overall efficiency of the mining operation.

[0051] S300, arranging an upward medium-deep hole group in the bottom drilling tunnel of each stage, and arranging a downward bundle hole group and a top caving hole in the mining drilling tunnel of the upper stage of each stage.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present invention, an upward medium-deep hole group is arranged in the bottom drilling tunnel 11 of each stage, and the upward medium-deep hole group includes a plurality of upward medium-deep holes 5, and the plurality of upward medium-deep holes 5 are arranged in a fan shape, and the diameter of the upward medium-deep holes 5 is 60mm-80mm, and the row spacing between the upward medium-deep holes 5 is 2m-3m. A downward bundle hole group and a top caving hole 12 are arranged in the mining drilling tunnel 2 of the previous stage of each stage, and the downward bundle hole group includes a plurality of downward bundle holes 6, and the downward bundle holes 6 are arranged in a fan shape, and the blasting row spacing of the downward bundle holes 6 is 5m-7m, and the bundle bottom distance of the downward bundle holes 6 is 4.5m-6.5m. The fan-shaped downward bundle hole group performs large-step synchronous extrusion blasting.

[0053] The downward bundle hole 6 includes a plurality of blast holes, and 4-6 blast holes with a hole diameter of 100mm-120mm can be used to form the downward bundle hole. Explosive packs are filled in the blast holes, and the spacing between the blast holes is:

[0054] B e =n e d0

[0055] The explosion cavity diameter of the downward beam hole is:

[0056]

[0057] In the above formula, B e Indicates the distance between blast holes, n e It represents the blast hole spacing coefficient, and its value can be 3-5, d0 represents the blast hole diameter, D represents the blast cavity diameter of the downward bundle hole, and n represents the number of blast holes.

[0058] The best burial depth of the explosive pack is:

[0059]

[0060] In the above formula, W j represents the optimal burial depth of the explosive package, L N represents the critical burial depth, Δ j represents the optimal burial depth ratio, E represents the deformation energy coefficient, Q Z0 Indicates the equivalent amount of explosive.

[0061] In the embodiment of the present invention, the optimal burial depth ratio Δ can be obtained according to the blasting funnel test. j , deformation energy coefficient E and Gaussian fitting function of blasting funnel. The fitting function characterizes the different burial depth ratios Δ i The relationship between the volume V / Q of rock crushed by a unit of explosives. If the blasting efficiency of explosives at the optimal burial depth is 1, the efficiency of explosive pack blasting under different burial depth conditions can be expressed as:

[0062]

[0063] In the above formula, η i Indicates the blasting efficiency of the explosive pack, V i represents the volume of blasting funnel at different burial depths, V max represents the volume of the blasting funnel at the optimal burial depth, Δ i represents the burial depth ratio, b and c represent the parameters of the blasting funnel test curve. When the rock conditions and explosive types are the same, the blasting efficiency is only related to the burial depth.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, a length of l is used. e , a cylindrical charge with a diameter of d0, decompose the cylindrical charge into a series of spherical charges, that is, divide the cylindrical charge into n sub-charges with a diameter of d0, each sub-charge is recorded as m, ..., k, ...n, and the charge amount of each sub-charge is Q0. At any point k on the blasting surface, the effect of the cylindrical charge is approximately the superposition of the effects of the decomposed series of spherical charges, and the comprehensive efficiency is:

[0065]

[0066] In the above formula, η represents the comprehensive efficiency, η i represents the blasting efficiency of each of the explosive packages, and m and n represent the number of decomposable explosive packages in the upper part and the lower part of the kth sub-package in the columnar explosive package, respectively.

[0067] The equivalent amount of explosives at the optimal burial depth is:

[0068]

[0069] In the above formula, Q Z0 represents the equivalent explosive charge, Q0 represents the charge of each explosive pack, η i It indicates the blasting efficiency of each of the explosive packs.

[0070] Increasing the buried depth of columnar charge, that is, increasing the resistance line, so that the charge works best on the air surface, the comprehensive efficiency is 1, and the columnar charge blasting resistance line is the optimal buried depth of the equivalent charge.

[0071] S400. In each stage, a vein-pulling tunnel and a cutting well are arranged in the upper wall of the ore body, blasting holes are arranged in the vein-pulling tunnel, and blasting is performed using the cutting well as a free surface to form a cutting groove.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, a vein-pulling trough lane 3 and a cutting well 4 are arranged in the upper wall of the ore body at each stage. The vein-pulling trough lane 3 is a horizontal or approximately horizontal lane arranged along the upper wall of the ore body. Its main function is to serve as a channel for arranging blasting holes and to provide necessary space for subsequent mining operations. Through the vein-pulling trough lane 3, blasting holes can be conveniently arranged, and these blasting holes will be used in subsequent blasting operations to form cutting grooves. The cutting well 4 is a vertical lane arranged perpendicular to the upper wall of the ore body, located at one end or a specific position of the vein-pulling trough lane 3. Its main function is to serve as a free surface for blasting operations, that is, ore and rock can move and collapse in this direction during blasting. The existence of the cutting well 4 makes the blasting operation more efficient, because the blasting energy can be released along this free surface to form the expected cutting groove.

[0073] S500, using the cutting groove as a free surface, blasting the upward medium-deep hole group, the downward bundle hole group and the top hole simultaneously to form collapsed ore and collapsed surrounding rock.

[0074] In the embodiment of the present invention, the cutting groove is used as the free surface, and the downward bundle holes 6, the top holes 12 and the upward medium-depth holes 5 are blasted simultaneously to synchronously squeeze the collapsed body. The blasting line of the downward bundle hole group exceeds the blasting line of the upper medium-depth hole group by 5m-7m. The downward bundle holes 6 and the upper medium-depth holes 5 are staggered and synchronously withdrawn to form collapsed ore 7 and collapsed surrounding rock 8.

[0075] After the collapse is completed, ore is placed in the bottom structure of the ore body, and the blasting of the collapsed ore is the first ore placement, releasing 30%-40% of the ore volume of this collapse, and loosening the ore pile to provide compensation space for subsequent blasting. Then, the collapse line is delayed by 8m-15m, and the staged slope ore placement is carried out to control the dilution rate and loss rate of the ore placement.

[0076] In order to verify the effectiveness of the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a large skarn copper-gold mine is used as an example for verification. The ore body is a medium-thick to thick ore body, with a strike of 330°-340° northwest, and a dip restricted by the total dip of the intrusive body. The upper part is a steeply inclined ore body with a dip to the northeast, and the lower part is reversed with a dip to the southwest at a dip angle of 45°. The strike length of the ore body is 500m, the maximum thickness is 45m, and there are multiple layers of ore bodies. The ore rock fissures are developed, and the ore rock is generally stable due to the carbonation and serpentinization processes. The ore is non-caking and self-igniting, and the surface allows collapse.

[0077] The ore body is divided into multiple stages along the ore body strike. Each stage is divided into blocks perpendicular to the ore body strike. The block is 100m long, the block height is 60m, and the stope width in the block is 44m. In each stage, a 4m×4m stage transportation tunnel and a 2.5m diameter chute are excavated along the strike of the lower plate of the ore body, and then the mining tunnel, bottom mining tunnel and mining tunnel are excavated vertically in the ore body. The mining tunnel is arranged in a fishbone shape. A 4m×4m vein grooving tunnel and a 2m diameter cutting shaft are arranged in the upper plate of the ore body. In the mining and drilling tunnel of the previous stage, multiple groups of downward bundle holes, including 5 downward bundle holes with a diameter of 120 mm and top holes with a diameter of 78 mm, are arranged. The downward bundle holes are arranged in a fan shape with a row spacing of 6 m. The bottom distance of the downward bundle holes is 5.5 m. In the bottom drilling tunnel of each stage, multiple groups of upward medium-deep holes with a diameter of 78 mm are arranged.

[0078] After the block mining project is completed, blasting holes are arranged in the groove lanes along the veins, and the cutting well is used as the free surface for blasting to form a cutting groove. With the cutting groove as the free surface, the downward beam holes, the top holes and the upward medium-deep holes are blasted at the same time. The blasting line of the downward beam holes exceeds the blasting line of the upward medium-deep holes by 6m, forming collapsed ore and collapsed surrounding rock. After the collapse is completed, ore is placed in the bottom structure of the ore body, and 35% of the collapsed ore volume is released each time. The loose ore pile provides compensation space for subsequent blasting, and then the blasting line of the collapse is delayed by 10m for staged ore placement.

[0079] According to the mining results, the ore block production capacity is 3600t / d, the dilution rate is 15%, and the loss rate is 12% by using the beam hole stage caving mining method of the embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the traditional stage caving method, the mining and cutting ratio is reduced from 2.5m / kt to 1.2m / kt, the stope production capacity is increased from 2500t / d to 3600t / d, the mining and cutting engineering volume is reduced by 52%, and the stope production capacity is increased by 44%.

[0080] In summary, the bundle hole stage caving mining method provided by the present invention greatly reduces the amount of mining and cutting work by arranging upper and lower horizontal rock drilling operations at various stages of the mine and cleverly merging the mine-exit tunnel with the downward rock drilling tunnel. The use of segmented staggered synchronous withdrawal and fan-shaped bundle hole large-step synchronous extrusion blasting technology ensures continuous and efficient recovery of stage caving, effectively improving the production capacity of the mine. Through sophisticated blasting design and strict mining management, while ensuring production efficiency, ore depletion and loss can be relatively well controlled to ensure the effective use of resources. The application of bundle hole blasting technology can achieve a more uniform and controllable blasting effect, reduce safety hazards caused by improper blasting, and improve the safety of the working environment. At the same time, the simplified mine structure and efficient mining process also help to reduce the time personnel are exposed to dangerous environments, further ensuring the safety of operators.

[0081] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0082] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

[0083] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bundle hole stage caving mining method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Dividing the ore body into multiple stages along the ore body strike, and each stage is divided into multiple ore blocks perpendicular to the ore body strike; In each stage of the ore body footwall, a stage transportation tunnel and a ore chute are arranged along the ore body strike, and a mine drilling tunnel, a bottom drilling tunnel and a mine through tunnel are arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike; Arranging an upward medium-depth hole group in the bottom drilling tunnel of each stage, and arranging a downward bundle hole group and a top caving hole in the mining drilling tunnel of the upper stage of each stage; Arrange a groove tunnel along the vein and a cutting well in the upper wall of the ore body at each stage, arrange blasting holes in the groove tunnel along the vein, and use the cutting well as a free surface for blasting to form a cutting groove; According to the cutting groove as a free surface, the upward medium-deep hole group, the downward bundle hole group and the top caving hole are blasted simultaneously to form collapsed ore and collapsed surrounding rock.

2. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downward bundle hole group includes a plurality of downward bundle holes, and the downward bundle holes include a plurality of blast holes, and the blast holes are filled with explosive packs, and the spacing between the blast holes is: B e =n e d0 The explosion cavity diameter of the downward beam hole is: In the above formula, B e Indicates the distance between blast holes, n e represents the blasthole spacing coefficient, d0 represents the blasthole diameter, D represents the blast cavity diameter of the downward bundled holes, and n represents the number of blastholes.

3. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The optimum burial depth of the explosive package is: In the above formula, W j The optimal burial depth of the explosive package, L N represents the critical burial depth, Δ j represents the optimal burial depth ratio, E represents the deformation energy coefficient, Q Z0 Indicates the equivalent amount of explosive.

4. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The equivalent explosive charge is: In the above formula, Q0 represents the amount of each explosive pack, η i It indicates the blasting efficiency of each of the explosive packs.

5. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The blasting efficiency of the explosive package is: In the above formula, V i represents the volume of blasting funnel at different burial depths, V max represents the volume of the blasting funnel at the optimal burial depth, Δ i represents the burial depth ratio, b and c represent the blasting funnel test curve parameters respectively.

6. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The downward bundle holes are arranged in a fan shape, the row spacing of the downward bundle holes blasting is 5m-7m, and the bundle bottom distance of the downward bundle holes is 4.5m-6.5m.

7. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upward medium-depth hole group includes a plurality of upward medium-depth holes, which are arranged in a fan shape, have a hole diameter of 60mm-80mm, and a row spacing of 2m-3m.

8. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The blasting line of the downward bundled hole group exceeds the blasting line of the upward medium-deep hole group by 5m-7m, and the downward bundled holes and the upward medium-deep holes are staggered and withdrawn synchronously.

9. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the formation of the caving ore and the caving surrounding rock, the method further comprises: The first ore discharge after the collapse is to release 30%-40% of the collapsed ore. After the delayed blasting collapse line is 8m-15m, the staged slope ore discharge is carried out.

10. The bundle hole stage caving mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of mine exit tunnels are arranged in a fishbone shape.

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