Surge control method and device, vehicle and equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to a surge control method and device, a vehicle and equipment, and relates to the technical field of vehicles, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the in-pile flow and a surge control threshold value of a fuel cell; the in-pile flow is the flow of reaction gas entering the electric pile of the fuel cell; the in-pile flow is determined based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow; based on the in-pile flow and the surge control threshold, judging whether an air system of the fuel cell meets a surge control condition or not; the surge control condition is used for representing a condition for performing surge control on the air system; and if the air system meets the surge control condition, surge control is conducted on the air system. Therefore, surge control is effectively carried out on the air compressor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, in particular to the field of fuel cell technology, and specifically to a surge control method, device, vehicle and equipment. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy in the fuel directly into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. The fuel cell engine has an air system, which is mainly used to provide reaction air. However, the air compressor in the air system may experience surge under certain operating conditions, which is manifested as periodic oscillations of the air flow inside the air compressor, accompanied by abnormal noises similar to "asthma". The surge phenomenon will have a serious impact on the air in the air compressor machine. For example, the surge phenomenon may destroy the stable performance of the air compressor and easily cause pressure abnormalities between the various parts of the air compressor. Therefore, it is necessary to explore effective ways to avoid surge in air compressors.

[0003] A related technology proposes to first obtain an estimated bypass flow rate based on the estimated flow rate into the stack and the set air compressor flow rate, and then determine the target bypass control flow rate based on the estimated bypass flow rate and the expected bypass flow rate to achieve bypass flow control. However, the model used in this method is relatively complex and may increase the algorithm load of the controller.

[0004] Another related art proposes to judge the blockage by judging whether the deviation between the actual opening of the pressure regulating valve and the calibrated opening is greater than a second threshold and whether the current air flow and pressure meet the working condition requirements. However, this method does not further achieve surge control of the air system through control. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a surge control method, device, vehicle and equipment to at least solve the technical problem that it is difficult to perform surge control on an air compressor in the related art. The technical solution of the present application is as follows: According to the first aspect provided by the present application, a surge control method is provided, including: obtaining the inflow flow rate and surge control threshold of a fuel cell; the inflow flow rate is the reaction gas flow rate entering the fuel cell stack; the inflow flow rate is determined based on the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate; based on the inflow flow rate and the surge control threshold, judging whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition; the surge control condition is used to characterize the condition for performing surge control on the air system; if the air system meets the surge control condition, the air system is subjected to surge control.

[0006] According to the above technical means, the present application can timely detect whether the air system is in a critical state of surge by real-time monitoring of the fuel cell stack flow rate and comparing it with the surge control threshold. Once the surge control conditions are met, the air system is immediately adjusted accordingly, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of surge.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the inflow flow is obtained by: obtaining the air filter flow and estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell; the air filter flow is the air flow entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter; the estimated bypass flow is the estimated gas flow bypassed to the low-pressure area through the bypass valve; based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow, the inflow flow is calculated.

[0008] According to the above technical means, the present application can flexibly adjust the air supply system by monitoring the air filter flow and estimating the bypass flow to meet the different needs of the fuel cell.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the estimated bypass flow is obtained by: obtaining the opening of the bypass valve and a first pressure ratio; the first pressure ratio is the pressure ratio of the bypass valve upstream and downstream; based on the opening and the first pressure ratio, determining the estimated bypass flow.

[0010] According to the above technical means, the present application can more comprehensively reflect the actual operating state of the fuel cell system by simultaneously considering the opening of the bypass valve, the first pressure ratio and the stack inlet temperature, thereby accurately determining the estimated bypass flow.

[0011] In one possible implementation, an estimated bypass flow is determined based on the opening and the first pressure ratio, including: determining an initial bypass flow that matches the opening; the opening and the initial bypass flow satisfy a first mapping relationship; the first mapping relationship includes multiple bypass flows that correspond one-to-one to multiple openings.

[0012] According to the above technical means, the present application can establish a flow control basis based on the opening by determining the initial bypass flow that matches the opening and the first pressure ratio. This mapping relationship (first mapping relationship) enables a relatively accurate bypass flow value to be quickly obtained at a given opening.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the method also includes: obtaining the stack entry temperature; the stack entry temperature is the temperature of the reaction gas entering the fuel cell stack; based on the correction coefficient, correcting the estimated bypass flow to obtain a corrected estimated bypass flow, and the correction coefficient is related to the first pressure ratio, the stack entry temperature and the valve characteristics of the bypass valve.

[0014] According to the above technical means, the present application can correct the bypass flow value by considering multiple factors such as the first pressure ratio, the stack entry temperature and the valve characteristics of the bypass valve, and obtain an estimated bypass flow that is closer to the actual demand.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the surge control threshold is obtained in the following manner: a second pressure ratio of the fuel cell and an intake temperature of the fuel cell are obtained; the second pressure ratio is the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure of the fuel cell; and the surge control threshold is determined based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure and the intake temperature.

[0016] According to the above technical means, the present application can more comprehensively reflect the actual working state of the air compressor by simultaneously considering the second pressure ratio (i.e., the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure), the intake pressure and the intake temperature, thereby more accurately determining the surge control threshold.

[0017] In one possible implementation, a surge control threshold is determined based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure, and the intake temperature of the fuel cell, including: determining an initial surge control threshold that matches the second pressure ratio; the second pressure ratio and the initial surge control threshold satisfy a second mapping relationship; the second mapping relationship includes multiple control thresholds that correspond one-to-one to multiple second pressure ratios; based on the intake pressure and the intake temperature, the initial surge control threshold is corrected to obtain the surge control threshold.

[0018] According to the above-mentioned technical means, the present application can not only consider the key factor of pressure ratio, but also combine the intake pressure and intake temperature to more accurately judge the surge control threshold, and can dynamically adjust the surge control threshold according to actual operating conditions, thereby improving the flexibility and accuracy of surge detection.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner, the inflow flow rate is greater than the surge control threshold.

[0020] According to the second aspect provided by the present application, a surge control device is provided, including: an acquisition unit, a judgment unit and a control unit; the acquisition unit is used to acquire the stack inflow flow and the surge control threshold of the fuel cell; the stack inflow flow is the reaction gas flow entering the fuel cell stack; the stack inflow flow is determined based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow; the judgment unit is used to judge whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition based on the stack inflow flow and the surge control threshold; the surge control condition is used to characterize the condition for performing surge control on the air system; the control unit is used to perform surge control on the air system if the air system meets the surge control condition.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit is specifically used to: obtain the air filter flow and estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell; the air filter flow is the air flow entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter; the estimated bypass flow is the estimated gas flow bypassed to the low-pressure area through the bypass valve; based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow, calculate the stack flow.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit is specifically used to: acquire the opening of the bypass valve and a first pressure ratio; the first pressure ratio may be a pressure ratio between upstream and downstream of the bypass valve; and determine an estimated bypass flow based on the opening and the first pressure ratio.

[0023] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit is specifically used to: determine an initial bypass flow matching the opening; the opening and the initial bypass flow satisfy a first mapping relationship; the first mapping relationship includes multiple bypass flows corresponding one-to-one to multiple openings.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the device also includes: an acquisition unit, which is also used to acquire the stack entry temperature; a correction unit, which is used to correct the estimated bypass flow based on a correction coefficient to obtain a corrected estimated bypass flow, and the correction coefficient is related to the first pressure ratio, the stack entry temperature and the valve characteristics of the bypass valve.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit is specifically used to: acquire a second pressure ratio of the fuel cell and an intake temperature of the fuel cell; the second pressure ratio is the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure of the fuel cell; and determine a surge control threshold based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure and the intake temperature.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit is specifically used to: determine an initial surge control threshold that matches the second pressure ratio; the second pressure ratio and the initial surge control threshold satisfy a second mapping relationship; the second mapping relationship includes multiple control thresholds that correspond one-to-one to multiple second pressure ratios; based on the intake pressure and the intake temperature, the initial surge control threshold is corrected to obtain the surge control threshold.

[0027] According to a third aspect provided by the present application, a vehicle is provided, comprising the surge control device in the second aspect.

[0028] According to the fourth aspect provided by the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; a memory for storing processor executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to execute instructions to implement the method of the above-mentioned first aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof.

[0029] According to the fifth aspect provided by the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to execute the method in the above-mentioned first aspect and any possible implementation method thereof.

[0030] According to the sixth aspect provided by the present application, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising computer instructions, and when the computer instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device executes the method of the above-mentioned first aspect and any possible implementation manner thereof.

[0031] It should be noted that the technical effects brought about by any implementation method in the second to sixth aspects can refer to the technical effects brought about by the corresponding implementation method in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0032] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application, and together with the specification are used to explain the principles of the present application, and do not constitute improper limitations on the present application.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 is a flow chart showing a surge control method according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a bypass design of an air system according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 is a flow chart showing a surge control and bypass flow estimation process according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a bypass pressure ratio and a relative flow ratio coefficient according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 7 is a block diagram of a surge control device according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 8 It is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to enable ordinary persons in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the attached claims.

[0037] First, the related technologies involved in this application are explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0038] The air system of a fuel cell engine can provide reaction air for the fuel cell. Its core components include air filters, air compressors, humidifiers, intercoolers, back pressure control valves, and connecting pipes. Among them, the rotation speed of the air compressor directly determines the gas flow rate of the air system. As the speed of the air compressor increases, the parasitic power loss also increases.

[0039] In certain scenarios where fuel cell engines are running, such as low flow and high pressure ratio working conditions, or in high altitude environments, the air compressor may experience surge. This is mainly due to the inherent working characteristics of the air compressor. Surge may have an adverse effect on the system, so it is particularly important to implement effective surge control on the air system.

[0040] The surge control strategy can be approached from two dimensions: first, by adjusting the system parameters to increase the gas flow and reduce the pressure ratio to avoid the risk of surge; second, by adding a bypass valve in the air system to increase the flow to prevent surge. Specifically, the surge control limit of the air compressor needs to be designed in advance. When the flow-pressure ratio curve of the actual operation of the system touches or exceeds this limit, the bypass valve is triggered to open, thereby realizing the closed-loop control of the bypass flow. This series of operation processes is the surge control mechanism of the air system.

[0041] For example, Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell is shown.

[0042] Figure 1 The fuel cell in the system includes an air system and a stack. The air system includes: an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a back pressure valve, a bypass valve, a stop valve, a flow meter (m), and a pressure sensor (p).

[0043] Air filter is used to filter out dust, particulate matter and other harmful substances in the air to prevent these substances from entering the fuel cell stack and blocking the flow path, thereby protecting the fuel cell from damage.

[0044] The air compressor is used to provide compressed air for the fuel cell, which is the source of oxygen required for the electrochemical reaction. The air compressor needs to meet the oil-free design to avoid lubricating oil from contaminating the fuel cell system.

[0045] The intercooler can be used to reduce the temperature of the air compressed by the air compressor, ensuring that the air entering the fuel cell is within the appropriate operating temperature range.

[0046] The back pressure valve can work in conjunction with the air compressor to provide a stable and appropriate air flow and pressure according to the fuel cell stack's air intake requirements.

[0047] A bypass valve is a valve used to divert or adjust the gas flow path. It can bypass part or all of the gas from the air compressor or other components of the fuel cell and enter the bypass to ensure that the air system can still operate. The gas flow entering the bypass through the bypass valve is called the bypass flow.

[0048] Shutoff valves can be used to cut off or start the flow of air in an air system and are usually used to shut down the system during maintenance or emergencies.

[0049] The flow meter can be used to measure the air flow entering the air compressor, that is, the air filter flow, to ensure that the system can provide the appropriate amount of air as needed.

[0050] Pressure sensors can be used to measure the air pressure at the inlet and outlet of the air compressor to ensure that the system can operate at the appropriate pressure. The data provided by these sensors is crucial for the control and regulation of the system.

[0051] The fuel cell stack is the core component of the fuel cell, responsible for converting the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The performance of the fuel cell stack directly affects the overall performance of the fuel cell system.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the air system may further include a humidifier and a pipeline. The humidifier may be used to maintain air humidity at a suitable level to prevent the proton exchange membrane from drying up or being blocked by water. The pipeline may be used as a passage for air to enter the fuel cell cathode system from the atmospheric environment, connecting various components to ensure that air can flow smoothly. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0053] In a related technology, a blockage diagnosis method for a fuel cell air system is proposed, which includes a blockage diagnosis method for the front-end air system of the stack and a blockage diagnosis method for the rear-end air system of the stack. The front-end blockage diagnosis method mainly includes judging whether the deviation between the actual air compressor speed and the corrected air compressor speed is greater than a first threshold, and whether the air compressor surges to judge the blockage; the rear-end blockage judgment method mainly includes judging whether the deviation between the actual opening of the pressure regulating valve and the calibrated opening is greater than a second threshold, and whether the current air flow and pressure meet the working condition requirements to judge the blockage. This method effectively and quickly diagnoses whether there is blockage and surge in the air system of the fuel cell system, but does not further achieve surge control of the air system through control.

[0054] Another related technology proposes a bypass flow control method, control system and electronic device for a fuel cell, the method comprising: inputting the inlet pressure of the fuel cell air system into a pre-built adaptive observation model to obtain an estimated inlet flow, obtaining an estimated bypass flow based on the estimated inlet flow and a predetermined air compressor flow, and determining a target bypass control flow based on the estimated bypass flow and the expected bypass flow, wherein the target bypass control flow is used to control the back pressure valve opening of the fuel cell air system. This method uses an adaptive observation model bypass flow control method, the model is relatively complex, and increases the algorithm load of the controller.

[0055] Another related technology proposes a fuel cell air circuit device and control method: the device includes an air filter, a main air compressor, an auxiliary air compressor, a solenoid valve and a gas-water separator; the air delivery pipeline is connected to the inlet of the air filter, the outlet of the air filter is connected to the inlet of the main air compressor through the first delivery pipeline, and the outlet of the main air compressor is connected to the inlet of the stack through the second delivery pipeline; the outlet of the stack is connected to the inlet of the gas-water separator through the third delivery pipeline, and the outlet of the gas-water separator is connected to the first delivery pipeline through the fourth delivery pipeline, and the auxiliary air compressor and the solenoid valve are arranged on the fourth delivery pipeline; the fourth delivery pipeline is also connected to the fifth delivery pipeline. The method adopts the method of connecting two air compressors in series, and the problem of insufficient air intake can be alleviated by switching the pipelines and controlling the two air compressors when the air compressor surges. The design structure of the two air compressors in this method is not conducive to the structural optimization of the fuel cell engine.

[0056] Based on this, the current related technologies have the following technical defects: When surge occurs, the bypass flow rate request is determined by the air compressor's Measurement and Analysis Profile (MAP). Specifically, by analyzing the relationship between the air compressor's operating conditions and its corresponding flow, pressure and other parameters, the required bypass flow rate can be estimated more accurately to ensure that the air compressor operates stably in the non-surge area.

[0057] However, when the bypass valve opens to regulate the flow, the air system faces a challenge: since the air flow meter is only installed at the air filter, the actual flow of air entering the fuel cell stack cannot be directly and accurately measured.

[0058] Although adding a bypass flow meter can directly provide the required flow data, this approach will undoubtedly increase the overall cost of the system. In addition, considering the durability of the air flow meter in high temperature and high humidity environments, this solution is difficult to implement.

[0059] Therefore, it is particularly important to study the bypass flow prediction model and surge control strategy based on bypass valve.

[0060] In view of the defects in the above-mentioned related technologies and to solve the problem that it is difficult to perform surge control on the air compressor in the related technologies, the present application provides a surge control method, which can obtain the stack flow rate and surge control threshold of the fuel cell, and based on the stack flow rate and surge control threshold, determine whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control conditions; if the air system meets the surge control conditions, further perform surge control on the air system.

[0061] Based on this, the present application can timely detect whether the air system is in a critical state of surge by real-time monitoring of the fuel cell stack flow rate and comparing it with the surge control threshold. Once the surge control conditions are met, the air system is immediately adjusted accordingly, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of surge.

[0062] The above is an explanation of the related technology, which will not be repeated below.

[0063] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0064] The surge control method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied in a vehicle. A vehicle can also be referred to as a vehicle, a mobile carrier, an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), a fuel cell vehicle (FCV), an autonomous vehicle, an intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV), a driverless vehicle, etc.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present application, the vehicle may be a sedan, a sport utility vehicle (SUV), a truck, an electric vehicle, a motorcycle, a tricycle, a special vehicle (such as an ambulance, a fire truck, a police car, etc.), an unmanned taxi, an intelligent networked bus, an automatic driving logistics vehicle, an electric truck, etc. In addition, the method is also applicable to various special vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles, mining vehicles, forestry vehicles, airport vehicles, port vehicles, etc. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0066] For example, Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 200 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0067] In a possible implementation, a vehicle 200 may include a surge control device 201 , a data acquisition device 202 , and an air system 203 of a fuel cell.

[0068] Optionally, Figure 2 A communication connection can be established between the surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202. A communication connection can be established between the surge control device 201 and the air system 203 of the fuel cell. A communication connection can be established between the data acquisition device 202 and the air system 203 of the fuel cell.

[0069] In practical applications, the surge control device 201 may be connected to one or more data acquisition devices 202. The surge control device 201 may be connected to one or more fuel cell air systems 203. The data acquisition device 202 may be connected to one or more fuel cell air systems 203.

[0070] For ease of understanding, the present application takes the communication connection between a surge control device 201 and a data acquisition device 202 and an air system 203 of a fuel cell, and the communication connection between a data acquisition device 202 and an air system 203 of a fuel cell as examples for explanation.

[0071] Optional, Figure 2 The surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202 may be functional modules integrated into the same device, or may be devices independently arranged from each other. This application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0072] It is easy to understand that when the surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202 are functional modules integrated in the same device, the communication between the surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202 is the communication between the modules inside the device. In this case, the communication process between the two is the same as the "communication process when the surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202 are independently set".

[0073] For ease of understanding, the present application is mainly described by taking the example that the surge control device 201 and the data acquisition device 202 are independently configured.

[0074] Figure 2 The data acquisition device 202 in the embodiment can obtain the inflow flow rate and surge control threshold of the fuel cell from the air system 203 of the fuel cell, and send them to the surge control device 201. The surge control device 201 can determine whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition based on the inflow flow rate and the surge control threshold, and then, if the air system meets the surge control condition, the air system is subjected to surge control.

[0075] Optionally, Figure 2 The surge control device 201 in the embodiment may be a terminal, a server, or other types of electronic devices. Figure 2 What is shown in the figure is only an example of the equipment form of the surge control device 201 and does not constitute a limitation thereto.

[0076] In the case where the surge control device 201 is a terminal, the terminal can be a device for providing voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with a wireless connection function, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. The terminal can communicate with one or more core networks via a radio access network (RAN). The terminal can be a mobile terminal, such as a computer with a mobile terminal, or a mobile device built into the vehicle 200, which exchanges language and / or data with the radio access network, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA). This application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0077] When the surge control device 201 is a server, the server may be a single server, or a server cluster composed of multiple servers. In some implementations, the server cluster may also be a distributed cluster. This application does not impose any limitation on this.

[0078] It should be noted that the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a limitation on the vehicle 200. It may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or split some components, or arrange the components differently. The components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0079] For ease of understanding, the surge control method provided in the present application is specifically introduced below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0080] Figure 3 is a flow chart of a surge control method according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the surge control method includes the following steps: S301-S303.

[0081] S301, obtaining the fuel cell stack inflow flow and surge control threshold.

[0082] The inflow rate is the flow rate of the reactant gas entering the fuel cell stack. The inflow rate is determined based on the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate. The reactant gas usually includes hydrogen (anode gas), air or oxygen (cathode gas).

[0083] In one possible implementation, in order to obtain the inflow flow, the surge control device may obtain the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell, and calculate the inflow flow based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow. The specific implementation method of the surge control device obtaining the inflow flow may refer to S401-S402 below. In another possible implementation, in order to obtain the surge control threshold, the surge control device may obtain the second pressure ratio of the fuel cell. The surge control device may determine the surge control threshold based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure, and the intake temperature of the fuel cell. The specific implementation method of the surge control device obtaining the surge control threshold may refer to S501-S502 below.

[0084] S302: Based on the stack inflow rate and the surge control threshold, determine whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition.

[0085] The surge control condition is used to characterize the condition for performing surge control on the air system.

[0086] In a possible implementation manner, the surge control condition may include: the inflow flow rate is greater than a surge control threshold.

[0087] It should be noted that when the inflow flow is greater than the surge control threshold, the bypass request flow of the fuel cell is less than zero. At this time, a low flow and high pressure ratio appears inside the fuel cell, which may cause the fuel cell to surge. Therefore, it is necessary to perform surge control on the fuel cell's air system. In one possible implementation, the bypass request flow can be used to characterize the flow that needs to be bypassed to the low-pressure area in the fuel cell.

[0088] Exemplarily, the bypass request flow, the stack flow, and the surge control threshold satisfy the following first formula:

[0089] in, Can be used to characterize bypass request traffic. Can be used to characterize surge control threshold. It can be used to characterize the flow rate into the pile.

[0090] S303: If the air system meets the surge control condition, perform surge control on the air system.

[0091] For example, after determining that the air system meets the surge control conditions, the surge control device can perform surge control on the air system based on the following methods: the surge control device can alleviate the air compressor surge by dynamically controlling the change path and change rate of the "flow-pressure ratio" of the air compressor, or the surge control device can configure a control algorithm to adaptively adjust the control strategy by judging the current working condition of the air system to cope with different working conditions and surge risks, or the surge control device can increase the opening of the bypass valve to increase the flow of the air compressor. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0092] Based on the above technical solution, the present application can timely detect whether the air system is in a critical state of surge by real-time monitoring of the fuel cell stack flow rate and comparing it with the surge control threshold. Once the surge control conditions are met, the air system is immediately adjusted accordingly, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of surge.

[0093] In some embodiments, in order to obtain the inflow flow rate, the surge control method provided in the present application further includes the following steps: S401-S402.

[0094] S401, obtaining the air filter flow and estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell.

[0095] The air filter flow rate may be the air flow rate entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter. The estimated bypass flow rate is the estimated gas flow rate bypassed to the low-pressure area through the bypass valve.

[0096] In one possible implementation, a flow meter may be deployed at the air filter of the air system, and the flow meter may record the air flow entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter, namely, the air filter flow.

[0097] It should be noted that the bypass valve is in a high temperature and high humidity state, and the flow meter is not resistant to high temperature and high humidity, so it is difficult to install a flow meter near the bypass valve to calculate the estimated bypass flow. The surge control device can estimate the estimated bypass flow based on the acquired data.

[0098] In a possible implementation manner, the surge control device may obtain the opening degree of the bypass valve and the first pressure ratio.

[0099] The first pressure ratio may be a pressure ratio between upstream and downstream of the bypass valve.

[0100] Specifically, a position sensor or potentiometer may be deployed on the bypass valve. The position sensor or potentiometer can monitor and feedback the opening information of the bypass valve in real time, that is, the current opening degree of the valve. The surge control device can determine the opening of the bypass valve by reading the signal of this sensor.

[0101] Secondly, pressure sensors can be respectively deployed upstream and downstream of the bypass valve. The pressure sensors can monitor and feedback the pressure values ​​upstream and downstream of the bypass valve in real time. The surge control device can obtain the first pressure ratio by calculating the ratio of the two pressure values.

[0102] In addition, a temperature sensor can be deployed at the entrance of the fuel cell stack. The temperature sensor can monitor and feedback the temperature value of the reaction gas entering the stack in real time. The surge control device can read the signal of the temperature sensor to determine the temperature entering the stack.

[0103] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may estimate the gas flow rate of the bypass valve to the low-pressure region based on the opening and the first pressure ratio, that is, determine the estimated bypass flow rate.

[0104] In a possible implementation, in order to determine the estimated bypass flow, the surge control device may determine an initial bypass flow that matches the opening from the first mapping relationship.

[0105] The opening degree and the initial bypass flow rate satisfy a first mapping relationship. The first mapping relationship includes a plurality of bypass flows corresponding one-to-one to a plurality of opening degrees.

[0106] It should be noted that the first mapping relationship can be obtained through preliminary experimental measurement and data analysis. During the experimental measurement stage, the technician or the surge control device can perform a series of opening adjustments on the bypass valve and measure the corresponding bypass flow at each opening. These measurement data are used to construct the first mapping relationship between the opening and the bypass flow.

[0107] In addition, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data, repeated measurements will be performed during the experiment, and the measurement results will be averaged or weighted averaged to reduce the impact of errors. The technicians or surge control device can organize and analyze the experimental data to find out the changing rules between the opening and the bypass flow.

[0108] Optionally, the first mapping relationship can be represented by fitting a curve, establishing a mathematical model or a lookup table. In the first mapping relationship, each opening corresponds to one or more bypass flow values, which are obtained based on experimental data and can reflect the flow characteristics of the bypass valve at different openings. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0109] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may correct the initial bypass flow based on the correction coefficient to obtain an estimated bypass flow.

[0110] The correction coefficient is related to the first pressure ratio, the stack entry temperature and the valve characteristics of the bypass valve.

[0111] In actual applications, due to the influence of various factors such as the operating status of the fuel cell and environmental conditions, the initial bypass flow may not be accurate. Therefore, after determining the initial bypass flow, the surge control device will not directly use it as the final estimated bypass flow, but will further correct the initial bypass flow based on a series of correction coefficients to obtain a more accurate estimated bypass flow.

[0112] The correction coefficient is related to the first pressure ratio, the stack temperature and the valve characteristics of the bypass valve, and these parameters jointly affect the bypass flow.

[0113] In a possible implementation, the first pressure ratio, as an important parameter reflecting the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the bypass valve, has a significant impact on the bypass flow. When the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream increases, the bypass flow tends to increase accordingly. Therefore, the surge control device can determine the first correction coefficient corresponding to the first pressure ratio through a preset correction formula or lookup table based on the first pressure ratio monitored in real time. The first correction coefficient can be used to reflect the degree of influence of the first pressure ratio on the bypass flow.

[0114] Secondly, the stack temperature is also one of the key factors affecting the bypass flow. As the stack temperature increases, the chemical reaction rate inside the fuel cell may accelerate, and the flow performance of the reaction gas may also be enhanced, resulting in an increase in the bypass flow. In order to take this effect into account, the surge control device can determine the second correction coefficient corresponding to the stack temperature based on the real-time monitored stack temperature through the corresponding correction formula or lookup table. The second correction coefficient can be used to reflect the degree of influence of temperature changes on the bypass flow.

[0115] In addition, the valve characteristics of the bypass valve. Different valves have differences in structure, material, sealing performance, etc. These differences will cause the flow characteristics of the valve to be different at different openings. Therefore, the surge control device can consider the valve characteristics of the bypass valve and determine the third correction coefficient corresponding to the valve characteristics through preliminary experimental measurements and data analysis. The third correction coefficient can be used to reflect the degree of influence of the valve characteristics on the bypass flow.

[0116] Furthermore, the surge control device may determine a final correction coefficient based on the first correction coefficient, the second correction coefficient, and the third correction coefficient, and correct the initial bypass flow based on the correction coefficient to obtain an estimated bypass flow.

[0117] Exemplarily, the first correction coefficient, the second correction coefficient, the third correction coefficient and the initial bypass flow rate satisfy the following second formula:

[0118] in, Can be used to characterize estimated bypass flow. Can be used to characterize initial bypass flow. Can be used to characterize the first correction factor. Can be used to characterize the second correction factor. Can be used to characterize the third correction factor. Can be used to characterize the correction factor.

[0119] S402: Calculate the stack flow rate based on the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate.

[0120] In a possible implementation, the stack flow rate can be characterized as the difference between the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate. Therefore, when the estimated bypass flow rate is zero, the stack flow rate is equal to the air filter flow rate.

[0121] Exemplarily, the stack flow rate, the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate satisfy the following third formula:

[0122] in, It can be used to characterize the flow rate into the pile. Can be used to characterize air filter flow. Can be used to characterize target traffic.

[0123] Based on this, the present application can flexibly adjust the air supply system by monitoring the air filter flow and estimating the bypass flow to meet the different needs of the fuel cell.

[0124] In some embodiments, in order to obtain the surge control threshold, the surge control method provided in the present application may further include the following steps: S501 - S502 .

[0125] S501 : Obtain a second pressure ratio of the fuel cell and an intake air temperature of the fuel cell.

[0126] The second pressure ratio may be a ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure of the fuel cell.

[0127] In a possible implementation, the surge control device can monitor the intake pressure in real time based on a pressure sensor deployed at the intake port of the fuel cell. The surge control device can obtain the value of the current ambient pressure. The surge control device can determine the second pressure ratio by calculating the ratio of the two pressures.

[0128] Secondly, the surge control device can monitor and feedback the value of the intake temperature in real time through a temperature sensor deployed at the air inlet of the fuel cell.

[0129] S502: Determine a surge control threshold based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure, and the intake temperature.

[0130] In a possible implementation, in order to determine the surge control threshold, the surge control device may determine an initial surge control threshold that matches the second pressure ratio from the second mapping relationship.

[0131] The second pressure ratio and the initial surge control threshold satisfy a second mapping relationship. The second mapping relationship includes a plurality of control thresholds that can correspond one-to-one to a plurality of second pressure ratios.

[0132] It should be noted that the second mapping relationship may be obtained through a pre-experimental measurement and data analysis. The experimental measurement and data analysis method of the second mapping relationship may be similar to the experimental measurement and data analysis method of the first mapping relationship.

[0133] For example, the performance curve of the air compressor (Mean Average Precision, MAP) can be obtained through preliminary experimental measurement and data analysis, so as to determine the surge line of the air compressor according to the MAP. The surge line and the initial surge control threshold satisfy the following fourth formula:

[0134] in, Can be used to characterize the surge value in the surge line. It can be used to characterize the initial surge control threshold corresponding to the surge value. Can be used to characterize the margin of surge control.

[0135] Optionally, It can be set according to actual needs. For example, It can be in the range of 5%-10%, or 10%-15%. This application does not make any specific restrictions on this.

[0136] Optionally, the second mapping relationship can be represented by fitting a curve, establishing a mathematical model or a lookup table. In the second mapping relationship, each pressure ratio corresponds to one or more control thresholds, which are obtained based on experimental data and can reflect the control characteristics of the bypass valve under different pressure ratios. This application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0137] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may correct the initial surge control threshold value based on the intake pressure and the intake temperature to obtain the surge control threshold value.

[0138] Exemplarily, the intake pressure, the intake temperature, the surge control threshold and the surge control threshold satisfy the following fifth formula:

[0139] in, Can be used to characterize surge control threshold. Can be used to characterize the initial surge control threshold. Can be used to characterize intake air temperature. Can be used to characterize intake pressure. Can be used to characterize the reference intake air temperature. Can be used to characterize the reference intake pressure.

[0140] Based on this, the present application can more comprehensively reflect the actual working state of the air compressor by simultaneously considering the second pressure ratio (i.e., the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure), the intake pressure and the intake temperature, thereby more accurately determining the surge control threshold.

[0141] In some embodiments, Figure 4 The figure shows a bypass design schematic diagram of an air system.

[0142] In one possible implementation, the surge control device may determine a reference intake flow and a reference intake pressure based on the demand current. The surge control device may perform proportional-integral-derivative control (PID) of the air compressor based on the reference intake flow, and determine a feedforward speed, thereby determining the actual intake flow of the air compressor.

[0143] The surge control device can perform PID control of the back pressure valve based on the reference intake pressure, and determine the actual intake pressure of the back pressure valve based on the determined feedforward opening.

[0144] The surge control device can determine the bypass request flow from the surge line based on the pressure ratio of the actual pressure to the ambient pressure. The surge control device can perform the bypass valve PID based on the bypass request flow to achieve bypass valve flow estimation.

[0145] In some embodiments, Figure 5 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of a flow chart of surge control and bypass flow estimation.

[0146] In one example, the control logic of the fuel cell air system includes: In one possible implementation, after the fuel cell vehicle is powered on and the fuel cell engine is started, the vehicle controller can receive a fuel cell engine starting power request and calculate the required power of the vehicle based on the starting power request, thereby allocating the required power to the fuel cell engine.

[0147] Among them, the vehicle controller can allocate the required power of the fuel cell according to energy management.

[0148] In one possible implementation, the fuel cell controller may calculate the error between the required power and the actual power, and determine the required current through closed-loop PID control of the net engine power.

[0149] The actual power is the output of the fuel cell engine. The air system can determine the requested stack pressure and the requested stack flow rate of the fuel cell stack based on the required current. The air system can determine the error between the requested stack pressure and the actual stack pressure, and the error between the requested stack flow rate and the actual stack flow rate.

[0150] In a possible implementation, the fuel cell engine controller may control the speed of the air compressor and the opening of the back pressure valve according to the requested stack inlet pressure and the requested stack inlet flow rate, as well as the stack inlet flow rate and the stack inlet pressure.

[0151] In another example, the surge control device can perform surge determination and control on the air system of the fuel cell. The steps of controlling and surge determination on the air system of the fuel cell include: In one possible implementation, the surge control device may calculate the pressure ratio according to the intake pressure of the fuel cell controller.

[0152] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may determine a surge control line according to a surge line of the air compressor, and calculate an initial surge control threshold of the air compressor under standard conditions according to the pressure ratio and the surge control line.

[0153] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may correct an initial surge control threshold value by temperature and pressure to obtain a surge control threshold value.

[0154] In one possible implementation, the surge control device can determine whether surge occurs in the air compressor in real time according to the surge control threshold and the stack flow rate during the operation of the fuel cell engine.

[0155] In one possible implementation, when the air compressor does not surge, the bypass valve is not opened, and the stack flow is equal to the air filter flow, and the system operates normally. At this time, the surge control device can calculate the pressure ratio according to the intake pressure of the fuel cell controller.

[0156] In a possible implementation, when the air compressor surges, the bypass valve is opened, and at this time, the flow rate into the stack is not equal to the air filter flow rate.

[0157] Among them, when the bypass valve is opened, it is necessary to determine the estimated bypass flow.

[0158] It should be noted that the stack flow rate, air filter flow rate and estimated bypass flow rate satisfy the aforementioned third formula, which will not be elaborated here.

[0159] In another example, the surge control device may estimate the fuel cell bypass flow. The step of estimating the fuel cell bypass flow includes: In a possible implementation manner, the surge control device may calculate the pressure ratio between the upstream and downstream of the valve according to the ambient pressure and the stack inlet pressure.

[0160] In a possible implementation, the surge control device may look up a table according to the valve opening and the pressure ratio between the upstream and downstream of the valve to determine the standardized bypass flow.

[0161] In one possible implementation, the surge control device may correct the normalized bypass flow rate by temperature and pressure.

[0162] Based on this, the surge control device can calculate the inflow and outflow flow rate through the aforementioned third formula.

[0163] In one possible implementation, the surge control device can calculate the bypass flow in real time and determine whether a system bypass valve closing signal is received. If a system bypass valve closing signal is received, the program stops. Otherwise, the surge control device can calculate the pressure ratio upstream and downstream of the valve based on the ambient pressure and the stack pressure.

[0164] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, this is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the bypass pressure ratio and the relative flow ratio coefficient. Figure 6 The corresponding relationship between the bypass pressure ratio and the relative flow ratio coefficient is shown, including critical flow and subcritical flow.

[0165] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a surge control device according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 7 The surge control device includes: an acquisition unit 601, a judgment unit 602, a control unit 603 and a correction unit 604.

[0166] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is used to acquire the stack inflow rate and the surge control threshold of the fuel cell; the stack inflow rate is the flow rate of the reactant gas entering the fuel cell stack.

[0167] In a possible implementation, the judgment unit 602 is used to judge whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition based on the stack flow rate and the surge control threshold.

[0168] In a possible implementation, the control unit 603 is configured to perform surge control on the air system if the air system meets the surge control condition.

[0169] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is specifically used to: acquire the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell, and calculate the stack flow based on the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow.

[0170] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is specifically configured to: acquire the opening degree and the first pressure ratio of the bypass valve, and determine the estimated bypass flow rate based on the opening degree and the first pressure ratio.

[0171] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is specifically used to determine an initial bypass flow rate that matches the opening degree.

[0172] In a possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is further used to acquire the stack entry temperature.

[0173] In a possible implementation, the correction unit 604 is used to correct the estimated bypass flow based on the correction coefficient to obtain a corrected estimated bypass flow.

[0174] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is specifically used to: obtain a second pressure ratio of the fuel cell and an intake temperature of the fuel cell; the second pressure ratio is the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure of the fuel cell; and determine a surge control threshold based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure and the intake temperature.

[0175] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 601 is specifically used to: determine an initial surge control threshold that matches the second pressure ratio; the second pressure ratio and the initial surge control threshold satisfy a second mapping relationship; the second mapping relationship includes multiple control thresholds that correspond one-to-one to multiple pressure ratios; based on the intake pressure and the intake temperature, the initial surge control threshold is corrected to obtain the surge control threshold.

[0176] Regarding the device in the above embodiment, the specific manner in which each module performs operations has been described in detail in the embodiment of the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0177] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device includes but is not limited to: a processor 701 and a memory 702 .

[0178] The memory 702 is used to store executable instructions of the processor 701. It can be understood that the processor 701 is configured to execute instructions to implement the surge control method in the above embodiment.

[0179] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 8The electronic device structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device, and the electronic device may include Figure 8 More or fewer components may be shown, or certain components may be combined, or the components may be arranged differently.

[0180] The processor 701 is the control center of the electronic device. It uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts of the entire electronic device. By running or executing software programs and / or modules stored in the memory 702, and calling data stored in the memory 702, it performs various functions of the electronic device and processes data, thereby monitoring the electronic device as a whole. The processor 701 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, the processor 701 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly processes the operating system, user interface, and application programs, and the modem processor mainly processes wireless communications. It is understandable that the above-mentioned modem processor may not be integrated into the processor 701.

[0181] The memory 702 may be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 702 may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system, an application program required by at least one functional module (such as a determination unit, a processing unit, etc.), etc. In addition, the memory 702 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage devices.

[0182] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 702 including instructions. The above instructions can be executed by a processor 701 of an electronic device to implement the method in the above embodiment.

[0183] In actual implementation, Figure 7 The functions of the acquisition unit 601, the judgment unit 602, the control unit 603 and the correction unit 604 can all be obtained by Figure 8 The processor 701 in the embodiment calls the computer program stored in the memory 702 to implement. The specific execution process can refer to the description of the method part in the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0184] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium, for example, the non-temporary computer-readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, etc.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application also provides a computer program product including one or more instructions, and the one or more instructions can be executed by the processor 701 of the electronic device to complete the method in the above embodiment.

[0186] It should be noted that when the instructions in the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium or one or more instructions in the computer program product are executed by the processor of the electronic device, the various processes of the above-mentioned method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect as the above-mentioned method can be achieved. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0187] Through the description of the above implementation methods, technical personnel in the relevant field can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0188] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of modules or units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0189] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed in multiple different places. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment.

[0190] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0191] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or the full classification part or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for a device (which can be a single-chip microcomputer, chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) to execute the full classification part or part of the steps of each embodiment method of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, disk or CD and other media that can store program code.

[0192] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A surge control method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Obtaining a stack flow rate and a surge control threshold of a fuel cell; the stack flow rate is a flow rate of a reactant gas entering the fuel cell stack; the stack flow rate is determined based on an air filter flow rate and an estimated bypass flow rate; Based on the stack inflow rate and the surge control threshold, it is judged whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition; the surge control condition is used to characterize the condition for performing surge control on the air system; the surge control threshold is determined based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure of the fuel cell and the intake temperature; the second pressure ratio is the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure; If the air system meets the surge control condition, surge control is performed on the air system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The inflow flow is obtained in the following manner: Acquire the air filter flow and the estimated bypass flow; the air filter flow is the air flow entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter; The estimated bypass flow is the estimated gas flow bypassed to the low-pressure area through the bypass valve; The stack inflow flow rate is calculated based on the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The estimated bypass flow is obtained in the following manner: Obtaining the opening degree and the first pressure ratio of the bypass valve; the first pressure ratio is the pressure ratio of the upstream and downstream of the bypass valve; The estimated bypass flow rate is determined based on the opening degree and the first pressure ratio.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining the estimated bypass flow rate based on the opening degree and the first pressure ratio includes: An estimated bypass flow matching the opening and the first pressure ratio is determined; the opening, the first pressure ratio and the estimated bypass flow satisfy a first mapping relationship; the first mapping relationship includes a plurality of bypass flows corresponding one to one to a plurality of openings.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method further comprises: Obtaining a stack entry temperature; the stack entry temperature is the temperature of the reaction gas entering the stack; The estimated bypass flow is corrected based on a correction coefficient to obtain a corrected estimated bypass flow, wherein the correction coefficient is related to the first pressure ratio, the stack entry temperature and a valve characteristic of the bypass valve.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining the surge control threshold based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure, and the intake temperature of the fuel cell includes: Determine an initial surge control threshold value matching the second pressure ratio; the second pressure ratio and the initial surge control threshold value satisfy a second mapping relationship; the second mapping relationship includes a plurality of control threshold values ​​corresponding to a plurality of second pressure ratios in a one-to-one manner; The initial surge control threshold is corrected based on the intake pressure and the intake temperature to obtain the surge control threshold.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 6, characterized in that: The surge control conditions include: The stack inflow flow rate is greater than the surge control threshold.

8. A surge control device, characterized in that: The device comprises: an acquisition unit, a judgment unit and a control unit; The acquisition unit is used to acquire the inflow flow rate of the fuel cell and the surge control threshold; the inflow flow rate is the flow rate of the reactant gas entering the fuel cell stack; The judgment unit is used to judge whether the air system of the fuel cell meets the surge control condition based on the stack flow rate and the surge control threshold; the surge control condition is used to characterize the condition for performing surge control on the air system; the surge control threshold is determined based on the second pressure ratio, the intake pressure of the fuel cell and the intake temperature; the second pressure ratio is the ratio between the ambient pressure and the intake pressure; The control unit is used to perform surge control on the air system if the air system meets the surge control condition.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that The acquisition unit is specifically used for: Obtaining the air filter flow and estimated bypass flow of the fuel cell; the air filter flow is the air flow entering the fuel cell after passing through the air filter; the estimated bypass flow is the estimated gas flow bypassed to the low-pressure area through the bypass valve; The stack inflow flow rate is calculated based on the air filter flow rate and the estimated bypass flow rate.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises the device of claim 8 or 9.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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