Self-adaptive locking telescopic mechanism and locking method

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive locking telescopic mechanism and a locking method, and relates to the field of power equipment, and the self-adaptive locking telescopic mechanism comprises a cylinder body, a piston rod, a locking block, an extrusion ring and a reset piece; the inner side and the outer side of the locking block and the inner circumferential face of the extrusion ring are both of taper design, the taper of the third conical face of the inner circumference of the extrusion ring is smaller than that of the second conical face of the inner side of the locking block, the locking function is achieved by means of the difference value of different tapers, locking is conducted at any position within the axial length range of the third conical face, and the locking effect is good. And automatic height compensation within a certain range can be met. The locking method comprises the steps that the self-adaptive locking telescopic mechanism gives an acting force for descending of the extrusion ring through the reset piece, so that the locking block can move towards the axis of the piston rod in the horizontal radial direction under the action of the reset piece till the fourth conical surface of the locking block is in attached contact with the third conical surface of the extrusion ring; at the moment, the downward displacement space of the piston rod completely disappears, and therefore the locking and limiting purposes are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power equipment, and in particular to an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism and a locking method. Background Art

[0002] The locking mechanism of the existing mechanical locking cylinder (or telescopic mechanism such as oil cylinder) can only be locked normally when the piston rod moves to a fixed position, that is, the locking height or locking position of the piston rod is fixed. In the actual working process, when there is an error fluctuation between the working surface of the object that needs to be clamped or supported and the contact surface of the cylinder, its locking position cannot automatically adapt to the height of the current working surface, which will cause the mechanical locking cylinder to fail to lock normally or to produce a clamping virtual position after locking. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism and a locking method to solve the problem in the prior art that the locking position cannot automatically adapt to the error of the working surface.

[0004] In the first aspect, the present invention provides an adaptive locking and telescopic mechanism, comprising a cylinder body, a piston rod, a locking block, an extrusion ring and a reset member; the piston rod is slidably arranged in the cylinder body, and the outer peripheral surface of the piston rod comprises an equal-diameter cylindrical surface and a first conical surface connected along its axial direction; the locking block is located on one side of the piston rod, and a second conical surface is provided on the side of the locking block facing the piston rod, and the second conical surface can be wedge-matched with the first conical surface to realize the radial relative movement of the locking block and the piston rod in the piston rod; the extrusion ring is sleeved on the piston rod, and along the axial direction of the piston rod, the extrusion ring is located on one side of the locking block, and the inner peripheral surface of the extrusion ring comprises a first inclined surface and a third conical surface connected along the axial direction of the piston rod; a fourth conical surface is provided on the side of the locking block away from the piston rod, the first inclined surface can be in sliding contact with the locking block, and the third conical surface can be wedge-matched with the fourth conical surface; the taper of the third conical surface is smaller than that of the second conical surface; the two ends of the reset member are respectively connected to the cylinder body and the extrusion ring, and the reset member has a reset force on the extrusion ring along the axial direction of the piston rod.

[0005] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a locking method for an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism, the locking method comprising:

[0006] The piston rod extends toward the outside of the cylinder body, and the equal-diameter cylindrical surface of the piston rod blocks the locking block from moving toward the piston rod along the radial direction of the piston rod;

[0007] As the piston rod continues to extend, the first conical surface of the piston rod contacts and cooperates with the second conical surface of the locking block in a wedge shape, so that the locking block has space to move closer to the axis of the piston rod. Under the action of the reset force of the reset member, the locking block is pushed by the first inclined surface of the extrusion ring and moves closer to the piston rod in the radial direction of the piston rod. The third conical surface of the extrusion ring is slowly sleeved on the locking block. As the extrusion ring continues to slide, the third conical surface of the extrusion ring contacts and cooperates with the fourth conical surface of the locking block in a wedge shape, and the piston rod stops extending. The reset force of the reset member restricts the piston rod from being retracted inward into the cylinder body.

[0008] When the piston rod has not reached the predetermined extension position, the piston rod continues to extend outward for a certain distance, and the locking block continues to move toward the axis of the piston rod under the guidance of the first conical surface. The third conical surface of the extrusion ring and the fourth conical surface of the locking block slide relative to each other and contact again under the action of the reset member.

[0009] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] The adaptive locking and telescopic mechanism of the present invention relies on the reset member to give the extrusion ring a downward force. During the extension of the piston rod, the reset member drives the first inclined surface of the extrusion ring to squeeze the locking block. Since the first conical surface and the second conical surface that can perform relative wedge sliding are provided between the piston rod and the locking block, the locking block can be displaced toward the axis of the piston rod along the horizontal radial direction under the action of the reset member until the fourth conical surface of the locking block is in contact with the third conical surface of the extrusion ring. At this time, the downward displacement space of the piston rod completely disappears, thereby achieving the purpose of locking and limiting. The inner and outer sides of the locking block of the present invention and the inner circumferential surface of the extrusion ring are all tapered designs, and the taper of the third conical surface on the inner circumference of the extrusion ring is smaller than the taper of the second conical surface on the inner side of the locking block. The difference in different tapers is used to form a stopping function, so that locking can be achieved at any position within the axial length range of the third conical surface, which can meet the automatic height compensation within a certain range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0012] Figure 1 It is the first vertical cross-sectional view of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0013] Figure 2 is a second vertical cross-sectional view of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0014] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0015] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking block and the annular connecting member in the present application;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the third working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0020] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fifth working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0021] Fig.10 This is a sixth working state schematic diagram of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0022] Fig.11 This is a seventh working state schematic diagram of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0023] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth working state of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of the present application;

[0024] Description of the reference numerals is as follows:

[0025] 100, cylinder body; 101, partition; 102, first cavity; 103, second cavity; 104, rod cavity; 105, rodless cavity; 106, second sub-cavity; 107, first sub-cavity; 108, first gas port; 109, second gas port; 1010, third gas port; 1011, support ring; 1012, cylinder barrel; 1013, bottom cover; 1014, upper cover;

[0026] 200, piston rod; 201, equal diameter cylindrical surface; 202, first conical surface;

[0027] 300, locking block; 301, second conical surface; 302, fourth conical surface; 303, second inclined surface; 304, equal diameter inner annular surface; 305, placement groove; 306, annular connecting member;

[0028] 400, extrusion ring; 401, first inclined surface; 402, third conical surface;

[0029] 500, reset piece;

[0030] 600. Piston. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific diagrams.

[0032] Example:

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism and a locking method. First, the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism of this embodiment is introduced. The telescopic mechanism includes a cylinder 100, a piston rod 200, a locking block 300, an extrusion ring 400 and a reset member 500;

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the cylinder body 100 includes a cylinder barrel 1012, a bottom cover 1013 and an upper cover 1014. The cylinder barrel 1012 is in the shape of a hollow cylindrical barrel with open ends. The bottom cover 1013 and the upper cover 1014 are respectively arranged at the upper and lower open positions of the cylinder barrel 1012 to form a closed cylinder body 100. A partition plate 101 is horizontally arranged in the cylinder body 100. The partition plate 101 divides the interior of the cylinder body 100 into a first cavity 102 and a second cavity 103 in an upper and lower manner. The partition plate 101 is provided with a sliding hole for the piston rod 200 to slide axially through. A piston 600 is arranged in the first cavity 102, and the lower end of the piston rod 200 is connected to the piston 600. The piston 600 divides the first cavity 102 into an upper and lower rod cavity 104 and a rodless cavity 105. The piston rod 200 passes through a sliding hole, the second cavity 103 and an upper cover 1014 upwards, and extends to the outside of the cylinder body 100.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer circumferential surface of the piston rod 200 includes an equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 and a first conical surface 202. The equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 has a certain axial length. The first conical surface 202 is connected to the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 in the axial direction of the piston rod 200. In the process of the piston rod 200 extending upward, the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 first slides in contact with the locking block 300, and then the first conical surface 202 slides in contact with the locking block 300. The first conical surface 202 is formed by a conical section in the middle position of the piston rod 200, and the small port of the conical section is away from the locking block 300, that is, the small port of the conical section is toward the piston 600.

[0036] like Figure 2 and 3As shown, the locking block 300 is arranged in the cylinder body 100, and the locking block 300 is specifically arranged in the second cavity 103; along the radial direction of the piston rod 200, the locking block 300 is located on one side of the piston rod 200, and the locking block 300 can move toward the piston rod 200 along the radial direction of the piston rod 200 under the push of the extrusion ring 400. Along the radial direction of the piston rod 200, the locking block 300 is provided with a second conical surface 301 on the inner side of the piston rod 200, and the second conical surface 301 can be wedge-matched with the first conical surface 202 on the piston rod 200, so that the locking block 300 has space to move toward the axial center of the piston rod 200. In this embodiment, the locking block 300 is provided with a second conical surface 301 and an equal-diameter inner annular surface 304 on the inner side facing the piston rod 200. The second conical surface 301 and the equal-diameter inner annular surface 304 are connected axially of the piston rod 200. The second conical surface 301 is located on the side of the equal-diameter inner annular surface 304 away from the piston 600. When the equal-diameter inner annular surface 304 is in close contact with the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200, the locking block 300 cannot be displaced toward the axis of the piston rod 200.

[0037] like Figure 4 As shown, there can be multiple locking blocks 300. In this embodiment, it is preferred that there are two or more locking blocks 300 (two are shown in this embodiment). The two locking blocks 300 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the piston rod 200. The two locking blocks 300 can be combined to form an annular structure, which is called a locking ring. In this embodiment, it is preferred to design multiple locking blocks 300 to improve the stability of the structure and the stability during locking. In addition, in some other embodiments, the number of locking blocks 300 can be one.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, along the radial direction of the piston rod 200, each locking block 300 is provided with a placement groove 305 on the side away from the piston rod 200, and the annular connector 306 is provided in the placement groove 305 of all the locking blocks 300. The annular connector 306 can circumferentially surround all the locking blocks 300. The annular connector 306 is used to connect multiple locking blocks 300, so that multiple locking blocks 300 can be embraced by the annular connector 306 to form an annular structure, thereby preventing multiple locking blocks 300 from spreading outward. In some preferred embodiments, the material of the annular connector 306 is an elastic material, and the elastic annular connector 306 allows multiple locking blocks 300 to be translated outwardly for a certain distance away from the axis of the piston rod 200 without spreading out, so that the annular structure formed by the multiple locking blocks 300 can change the size of the inner diameter under the drive of the piston rod 200 and the extrusion ring 400.

[0039] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, a support ring 1011 is provided on the partition 101 and extends axially along the piston rod 200 toward the extrusion ring 400. The support ring 1011 is located in the second cavity 103. The support ring 1011 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the piston rod 200. The upper end surface of the support ring 1011 contacts the lower surface of the locking block 300, and the locking block 300 is supported by the support ring 1011.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the extrusion ring 400 is slidably disposed in the second cavity 103 of the cylinder body 100, and the extrusion ring 400 divides the second cavity 103 into a first sub-cavity 107 and a second sub-cavity 106 in upper and lower parts. The reset member 500 is disposed in the first sub-cavity 107, and the locking block 300 and the support ring 1011 are disposed in the second sub-cavity 106.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the cylinder barrel 1012 of the cylinder body 100 is provided with a first air port 108 and a second air port 109, the first air port 108 is connected to the rodless chamber 105, the second air port 109 is connected to the second sub-chamber 106, and the second sub-chamber 106 is connected to the rod chamber 104 through the sliding hole on the partition 101; when the first air port 108 is inlet, the piston 600 drives the piston rod 200 to move upward, and when the second air port 109 is inlet, the piston 600 drives the piston rod 200 to move downward, and the extrusion ring 400 moves upward. In some preferred embodiments, the cylinder barrel 1012 of the cylinder body 100 is further provided with a third air port 1010, the third air port 1010 is connected to the first sub-chamber 107, and after the locking action is completed, air flow can be introduced into the third air port 1010, so that the extrusion ring 400 has a downward pressing pressure, further enhancing the locking effect.

[0042] like Figure 3As shown, the extrusion ring 400 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the piston rod 200, and along the axial direction of the piston rod 200, the extrusion ring 400 is located on the side of the locking block 300 away from the partition 101. The inner circumferential surface of the extrusion ring 400 includes a first inclined surface 401 and a third conical surface 402, and the first inclined surface 401 and the third conical surface 402 are connected in the axial direction of the piston rod 200. Along the radial direction of the piston rod 200, the side of the locking block 300 away from the piston rod 200 is provided with a second inclined surface 303 and a fourth conical surface 302, and the second inclined surface 303 can be wedge-matched with the first inclined surface 401, and the wedge-matching means that the second inclined surface 303 can be closely fitted with the first inclined surface 401 and can slide relatively. Along the axial direction of the piston rod 200, the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300 and the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 are respectively located on both sides of the second inclined surface 303. When the extrusion ring 400 is lowered to a certain position, the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 can be wedge-matched with the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300. In some other embodiments, the locking block 300 may not be designed with the second inclined surface 303, but the top surface and the outer side surface of the locking block 300 are rounded, so that the contact position between the locking block 300 and the first inclined surface 401 is an arc contact, and the smooth contact between the locking block 300 and the first inclined surface 401 can also be achieved, and the inward displacement of the locking block 300 can be achieved by means of the slope of the first inclined surface 401.

[0043] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the taper α of the third tapered surface 402 is smaller than the taper β of the second tapered surface 301 , so that the difference in tapers can be used to form a stop function to limit the retraction of the piston rod 200 and form a locked state.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the reset member 500 is arranged between the inner wall of the cylinder body 100 and the extrusion ring 400, and the two ends of the reset member 500 are respectively connected to the cylinder body 100 and the extrusion ring 400, and the reset force direction of the reset member 500 is consistent with the axial direction of the piston rod 200. The reset member 500 gives the extrusion ring 400 a force for the axial movement of the piston rod. In this embodiment, the reset member 500 can give the extrusion ring 400 an elastic force to move toward the locking block 300. The reset member 500 includes a spring, which is coaxially sleeved on the piston rod 200, the upper end of the spring is against the upper cover 1014 of the cylinder body 100, and the lower end of the spring is against the extrusion ring 400, and the expansion and contraction direction of the spring is consistent with the axial direction of the piston rod 200.

[0045] like Figure 2As shown, annular sealing rings are provided between the piston 600 and the inner wall of the first cavity 102, between the extrusion ring 400 and the inner wall of the second cavity 103, and between the piston rod 200 and the extrusion ring 400. Annular wear-resistant sheets are provided between the piston 600 and the inner wall of the first cavity 102, and between the extrusion ring 400 and the inner wall of the second cavity 103.

[0046] This embodiment also discloses a locking method of an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism, including using an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism, the locking method comprising:

[0047] Step S100, the piston rod 200 extends toward the outside of the cylinder body 100, and the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200 blocks the locking block 300 from moving toward the piston rod 200 along the radial direction of the piston rod 200;

[0048] Step S200, as the piston rod 200 continues to extend, the first conical surface 202 of the piston rod 200 contacts the second conical surface 301 of the locking block 300 upward and performs a wedge-shaped fit, so that the locking block 300 has space to move toward the axis of the piston rod. Under the reset force of the reset member 500, the locking block 300 is pushed by the first inclined surface 401 of the extrusion ring 400 and moves toward the piston rod 200 along the radial direction of the piston rod 200. The third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 is slowly sleeved on the locking block 300. As the extrusion ring 400 continues to slide downward, the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 contacts the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300 and performs a wedge-shaped fit. The piston rod 200 stops extending, and the piston rod 200 is restricted from being retracted inward into the cylinder body 100 by the reset force of the reset member 500.

[0049] Step S300, when the piston rod 200 has not reached the predetermined extension position, the piston rod 200 continues to extend outward for a certain stroke, and at the same time, the locking block 300 continues to move toward the axis of the piston rod 200 under the guidance of the first conical surface 202, and the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 and the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300 slide relative to each other and come into contact again under the action of the reset member 500.

[0050] The locking method of this embodiment is specifically as follows:

[0051] like Figure 5 As shown, in the initial state, the piston 600 is fitted with the bottom cover 1013 (as shown in C1), the piston rod 200 is at the lowest position, the extrusion ring 400 is at the highest position (as shown in C2), the equal-diameter inner ring surface 304 on the locking block 300 is fitted with the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200, and the first inclined surface 401 of the extrusion ring 400 is fitted with the second inclined surface 303 of the locking block 300 (as shown in C3);

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, when the piston rod 200 needs to be extended, the airflow enters the rodless chamber 105 from the first air port 108, and the airflow pushes the piston 600 to move upward. Since the piston rod 200 is connected to the piston 600 by a screw, the piston rod 200 and the piston 600 move upward together; in the current state, the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200 is in close contact with the equal-diameter inner ring surface 304 of the locking block 300 (as shown in C4), and the locking block 300 has no space to move further toward the piston rod 200. Under the reset force of the reset member 500, the equal-diameter inner ring surface 304 of the locking block 300 can only be tightly attached to the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200. Since the thrust of the piston 600 is greater than the reset force of the reset member 500, that is, since the thrust of the piston 600 acting on the piston rod 200 is greater than the extrusion force generated when the reset member 500 acts on the locking block 300, the piston rod 200 can move flexibly;

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, when the first conical surface 202 of the piston rod 200 moves to a position where it is wedge-matched with the second conical surface 301 of the locking block 300, a certain space (as shown in C5) is formed, so that the locking block 300 can move horizontally inward along the radial direction of the piston rod 200 under the extrusion of the extrusion ring 400, and the first conical surface 202 and the second conical surface 301 fit each other during the movement;

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, the piston rod 200 continues to extend, and the locking block 300 is continuously squeezed and contracted by the extrusion ring 400 until all the second conical surfaces 301 of the locking block 300 are completely in contact with the first conical surface 202 of the piston rod 200, and at the same time, the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300 enters the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 as a whole, and the locking block 300 is continuously compressed until all the gaps between the fourth conical surface 302 and the third conical surface 402 are eliminated (as shown in C6), thereby completely locking the piston rod 200;

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 The position shown is the lowest locking position, the inner top surface of the extrusion ring 400 and the upper surface of the locking block 300 have a first predetermined distance H1, the piston 600 and the lower surface of the partition 101 have a second predetermined distance H2, and the second predetermined distance H2 is the automatic height compensation range distance of the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism; after the locking action is completed, air flow can be introduced into the third air port 1010, so that the extrusion ring 400 has a downward pressure, further enhancing the locking effect;

[0056] like Fig. 9As shown, if there is an error in the working surface, the piston rod 200 will continue to rise and contact the working surface; the first conical surface 202 of the piston rod 200 will rise, so that the locking block 300 can continue to shrink inward, and the extrusion ring 400 will continue to descend under the drive of the reset member 500 until the piston rod 200 is completely locked. Fig. 9 The position shown is the highest locking position, as shown in C7, the upper top surface of the locking block 300 is in contact with the inner top surface of the extrusion ring 400, and at the same time, as shown in C8, the upper surface of the piston 600 is in contact with the lower surface of the partition 101;

[0057] like Fig.10 As shown, if the piston rod 200 needs to be retracted, air flow is introduced into the second air port 109, and the air flow pushes the extrusion ring 400 and the piston 600 to move in opposite directions at the same time;

[0058] like Fig.11 As shown, when the extrusion ring 400 and the piston 600 move in opposite directions, since the third conical surface 402 of the extrusion ring 400 has risen and separated from the fourth conical surface 302 of the locking block 300, the piston rod 200 uses the first conical surface 202 to squeeze the second conical surface 301 of the locking block 300 during the downward movement, so that the locking block 300 is horizontally displaced radially outward (as shown in C9), until the first conical surface 202 is completely separated from the second conical surface 301, and the equal-diameter inner ring surface 304 on the locking block 300 is again fitted with the equal-diameter cylindrical surface 201 of the piston rod 200, completing the release and unlocking action;

[0059] like Fig.12 As shown, the piston 600 moves to the bottom end, the piston 600 contacts the bottom cover 1013 and stops moving (as shown in C 10 As shown), the extrusion ring 400 is pushed upward by the airflow, and contacts the bottom surface of the upper cover 1014 and stops moving (as shown in C 11 ), reset to the initial state.

[0060] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive locking telescopic mechanism, characterized in that: It comprises a cylinder body (100), a piston rod (200), a locking block (300), an extrusion ring (400) and a reset member (500); The piston rod (200) is slidably disposed in the cylinder body (100), and the outer peripheral surface of the piston rod (200) includes an equal-diameter cylindrical surface (201) and a first conical surface (202) connected along its axial direction; The locking block (300) is located on one side of the piston rod, and a second conical surface (301) is provided on the side of the locking block (300) facing the piston rod (200), and the second conical surface (301) can be wedge-matched with the first conical surface (202) to achieve radial relative movement of the locking block (300) and the piston rod (200) in the piston rod; The extrusion ring (400) is sleeved on the piston rod (200). Along the axial direction of the piston rod, the extrusion ring (400) is located on one side of the locking block (300). The inner circumferential surface of the extrusion ring (400) includes a first inclined surface (401) and a third conical surface (402) connected along the axial direction of the piston rod. A fourth conical surface (302) is provided on the side of the locking block (300) away from the piston rod (200). The first inclined surface (401) can be in sliding contact with the locking block (300), and the third conical surface (402) can be wedge-matched with the fourth conical surface (302). The taper of the third conical surface (402) is smaller than the taper of the second conical surface (301). The two ends of the reset member (500) are respectively connected to the cylinder body (100) and the extrusion ring (400), and the reset member (500) exerts a reset force on the extrusion ring (400) along the axial direction of the piston rod.

2. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fourth conical surface (302) and a second inclined surface (303) connected along the axial direction of the piston rod are provided on the side of the locking block (300) facing away from the piston rod, and the second inclined surface (303) is in sliding contact with the first inclined surface (401); along the axial direction of the piston rod, the third conical surface (402) and the fourth conical surface (302) are respectively located on both sides of the second inclined surface (303).

3. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking block (300) is provided with a second conical surface (301) and an equal-diameter inner annular surface (304) on the side facing the piston rod. The second conical surface (301) and the equal-diameter inner annular surface (304) are connected along the axial direction of the piston rod; the equal-diameter inner annular surface (304) can contact the equal-diameter cylindrical surface (201) of the piston rod (200).

4. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of locking blocks (300) are arranged along the circumference of the piston rod, and the plurality of locking blocks (300) form an annular structure.

5. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: A seating groove (305) is provided on the side of the locking block (300) facing away from the piston rod, and an annular connecting member (306) is provided in the seating groove (305) of the locking block. The annular connecting member (306) is used to connect a plurality of the locking blocks (300); the annular connecting member (306) is configured to be made of elastic material.

6. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reset member (500) comprises a spring, which is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumference of the piston rod (200), with two ends of the spring respectively abutting against the cylinder body (100) and the extrusion ring (400), and the expansion and contraction direction of the spring is configured to be the axial direction of the piston rod.

7. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A partition (101) is provided inside the cylinder body (100), and the partition (101) divides the inside of the cylinder body (100) into a first cavity (102) and a second cavity (103); a sliding hole is provided on the partition (101), and a piston rod (200) slides through the sliding hole, and the piston rod (200) is connected to a piston (600) provided in the first cavity (102), and the piston (600) divides the first cavity (102) into a rod cavity (104) and a rodless cavity (105); the rodless cavity (105) is connected to a first air port (108) provided on the cylinder body (100); The extrusion ring (400) is slidably arranged in the second cavity (103), and the extrusion ring (400) divides the second cavity (103) into a first sub-cavity (107) and a second sub-cavity (106). The reset member (500) is arranged in the first sub-cavity (107); the locking block (300) is arranged in the second sub-cavity (106), and the second sub-cavity (106) is respectively connected to the rod cavity (104) and a second air port (109) arranged on the cylinder body (100).

8. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cylinder body (100) is provided with a third gas port (1010) which is in communication with the first sub-chamber (107).

9. The adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The partition plate (101) is provided with a support ring (1011) extending along the axial direction of the piston rod, and the support ring (1011) is used to support the locking block (300) in the axial direction of the piston rod.

10. A locking method for an adaptive locking telescopic mechanism, characterized in that: The method comprises using the adaptive locking telescopic mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the locking method comprises: The piston rod (200) extends toward the outside of the cylinder body (100), and the equal-diameter cylindrical surface (201) of the piston rod (200) blocks the locking block (300) from moving toward the piston rod (200) along the radial direction of the piston rod; As the piston rod (200) continues to extend, the first conical surface (202) of the piston rod contacts and wedges with the second conical surface (301) of the locking block, so that the locking block (300) has space to move toward the axis of the piston rod. Under the action of the reset force of the reset member (500), the locking block (300) is pushed by the first inclined surface (401) of the extrusion ring and moves toward the piston rod (200) along the radial direction of the piston rod. The third conical surface (402) of the extrusion ring is slowly sleeved on the locking block (300). As the extrusion ring (400) continues to slide, the third conical surface (402) of the extrusion ring contacts and wedges with the fourth conical surface (302) of the locking block, and the piston rod (200) stops extending. The reset force of the reset member (500) limits the piston rod (200) from being retracted inward into the cylinder body (100). When the piston rod (200) has not reached the predetermined extension position, the piston rod (200) continues to extend outward for a certain distance, and at the same time, the locking block (300) continues to move toward the axis of the piston rod (200) under the guidance of the first conical surface (202), and the third conical surface (402) of the extrusion ring and the fourth conical surface (302) of the locking block slide relative to each other and contact again under the action of the reset member (500).

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