Power and carbon comprehensive demand response method and system based on dynamic power carbon emission factors

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and particularly relates to a power-carbon comprehensive demand response method and system based on a dynamic power carbon emission factor, and the method comprises the steps: building a power generation side unit dispatching cost model through collecting the power load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power and photovoltaic power generation capacity of a user side, and carrying out the calculation of the power generation side unit dispatching cost model; therefore, the optimal output of the power generation side is determined, and the dynamic electric power carbon emission factor is calculated according to the optimal output. Then, in combination with the electricity price and the carbon tax, a user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the lowest load adjustment cost as the target is established; and finally, proposing an optimal scheduling strategy of the power system, and guiding the user to change the power consumption behavior through the electric energy and carbon tax fees in different time periods. According to the method, the load peak-valley difference can be effectively reduced, low-carbon power utilization of a user side is realized, and the economical efficiency and the environmental protection performance of a power system can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power systems, and specifically relates to a method and system for responding to comprehensive electricity-carbon demand based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of electricity consumption, the low-carbon transformation of buildings has a significant impact on the regulation of the power grid. With the improvement of building energy efficiency and the widespread use of renewable energy, buildings can not only reduce their dependence on traditional power grids, but also provide auxiliary services to the power grid through integrated energy storage systems or demand-side management measures, such as peak and valley load regulation and frequency regulation. These services help the power grid better cope with the intermittency and uncertainty of renewable energy and enhance the flexibility and stability of the power grid.

[0003] As an effective means, the demand response mechanism plays a vital role in the smart grid. It encourages power users to actively adjust their power consumption patterns according to the real-time supply and demand conditions of the power grid through economic incentives or other means, thereby helping to achieve a balance between supply and demand of the power grid. This mechanism not only promotes the efficient allocation of power resources, but also promotes the economic and environmentally friendly development of the power system.

[0004] However, most of the existing demand response mechanisms focus on guiding users to adjust their electricity consumption behavior through electricity price signals, while ignoring the importance of guiding user behavior from the perspective of electricity carbon emissions. Especially in China, the widely used "average electricity carbon emission factor" cannot accurately reflect the differences in carbon emissions caused by users' electricity consumption behavior in different time periods. This leads to users lacking sufficient motivation to achieve emission reduction targets by changing their electricity consumption habits, which in turn affects the low-carbonization process of the entire power system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for comprehensive electricity-carbon demand response based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, which can effectively reduce the peak-to-valley difference in load, achieve low-carbon electricity consumption on the user side, and significantly improve the economy and environmental protection performance of the power system to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides, on one hand, a method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, comprising the following steps: Collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data information; construct a generation-side unit dispatching cost model, determine the optimal output of the generation-side unit with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost; calculate the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor based on the output of the generation-side unit and the carbon emission information of the power generation source; combine electricity prices and carbon taxes to establish a user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation costs; based on the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, propose the optimal dispatching strategy for the power system, and guide users to change their electricity consumption behavior through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods.

[0007] Preferably, the generation side unit dispatching cost model is constructed, the objective function is the generation cost, and the model is established as follows: ; ; ; ; ; ; In the formula, is the total cost of the power generation side during the dispatch period; is the coal burning cost of thermal power units during the dispatch period; , , is the consumption characteristic parameter of thermal power unit i; is the grid-connected power of thermal power units in this area during period t; T is the total number of time periods in the dispatch cycle; is the wind power operation cost within the dispatch period; is the operating cost of PV power generation within the dispatch period; is the unit operating cost of wind power generation; is the unit operating cost of photovoltaic power generation; and They are the wind abandonment cost and solar abandonment cost within the dispatch period respectively; and They are the unit wind curtailment penalty cost and the unit solar curtailment penalty cost respectively; , are the upper limits of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in period t respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the construction of the generation side unit dispatching cost model includes power balance constraints, thermal power unit output and ramp constraints, renewable energy power generation output constraints and tie line constraints.

[0009] Preferably, the power balance constraint, thermal power unit output and ramp constraint, renewable energy power generation output constraint and tie line constraint are respectively: The calculation formula of power balance constraint is: ; The calculation formula for the thermal unit output and climbing constraint is: ; The calculation formula for renewable energy power generation output constraint is: ; The calculation formula of tie line constraint is: ; In the formula, is the power load power during period t; is the grid-connected power of wind turbines in this area during period t; is the grid-connected power of the photovoltaic units in this area during period t; and The net electric power transmitted from region j and country k to this region in period t respectively; is the power transmission loss rate; , are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i respectively; , are the upper and lower limits of the ramp power of thermal power unit i respectively; The duration of the unit scheduling period; is the transmission power of the tie line during period t; and They are the upper and lower limits of the transmission power of the interconnection line respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the calculation formula of the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor is: ; Where, e(t) is the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor of the building area during period t; n is the number of thermal power units; is the carbon emission intensity of thermal power unit i; The carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity delivered by region j to this region during period t; is the carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity transmitted by country k to this region during period t.

[0011] Preferably, the calculation formula for establishing the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation cost is as follows: ; In the formula, The increase in costs after load adjustment, including the increase in user electricity charges and the increase in electricity carbon tax; is the load increase during period t; is the load reduction during period t; is the electricity price during period t; The carbon tax rate for electricity consumption; is the power transmission loss rate.

[0012] Preferably, the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model also includes upper and lower limit constraints on load increase and decrease, load cannot be increased or decreased at the same time, and load increase and decrease balance constraints; The calculation formula for the upper and lower limit constraints of load increase and decrease is: ; The calculation formula for the load cannot increase or decrease at the same time constraint is: ; The calculation formula for load increase and decrease balance constraint is: ; In the formula, is the upper limit of load increase during period t; is the upper limit of load reduction during period t; and It is a variable between 0 and 1. When there is an increase in load during period t, Take 1, when there is load reduction during period t Take 1.

[0013] Preferably, the optimal dispatching strategy of the power system is based on the adjustment of the power load on the user side, and the dispatching cycle cost and the carbon emission reduction on the user side are calculated; The calculation formula of the scheduling cycle cost is: ; The calculation formula for user-side carbon emission reduction is: ; In the formula, It is the daily carbon emission reduction on the user side.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention proposes an electricity-carbon integrated demand response system based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, comprising: Data collection module, used to collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data information; The power generation output module is used to build a dispatching cost model for the power generation units and determine the optimal output of the power generation units; Electricity carbon factor module, used to calculate dynamic electricity carbon emission factors; Demand response module, used to establish a comprehensive demand response model for electricity and carbon on the user side; The dispatch strategy module is used to propose the optimal dispatch strategy for the power system.

[0015] Preferably, the scheduling strategy module calculates the scheduling cycle cost and the user-side carbon emission reduction according to the solution of the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, and proposes the optimal scheduling strategy accordingly.

[0016] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: Compared with the prior art, the present invention proposes a method and system for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, which has the following advantages: The present invention collects data such as electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, and wind and photovoltaic power generation on the user side, and constructs a dispatching cost model for the units on the power generation side to determine the optimal output on the power generation side, and calculates the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor accordingly. Subsequently, combining electricity prices and carbon taxes, a user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation costs was established. Finally, an optimal dispatching strategy for the power system is proposed to guide users to change their electricity consumption behavior through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods. This method can not only effectively reduce the peak-to-valley difference in load and achieve low-carbon electricity consumption on the user side, but also significantly improve the economy and environmental performance of the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for responding to integrated electricity-carbon demand based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of an electricity-carbon integrated demand response system based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for responding to an integrated electricity-carbon demand based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor. The method obtains the composition of the user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, and the source of electricity consumption, as well as the carbon emission information of the corresponding electricity source, and calculates the dynamic carbon emission factor according to the output of the generating unit and the carbon emission information of the corresponding generating source. In combination with electricity prices and carbon taxes, a user-side integrated electricity-carbon demand response model is established, and the optimization solution is performed with the minimum load regulation cost as the optimization goal, and the dispatch cycle cost and the user-side carbon emission reduction are calculated. The optimal dispatch strategy for the power system is proposed, and users are guided to change their electricity consumption behavior through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods.

[0020] The present invention combines the characteristics of user-side time-of-use electricity prices and dynamic carbon emission factors, and guides users to change their electricity consumption behaviors through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods, aiming to reduce the peak-to-valley difference in load, achieve low-carbon electricity consumption on the user side, and thus improve the economy and low-carbon nature of the power system.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the electricity-carbon integrated demand response method based on the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor includes the following steps: Step 1: Collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data information; wherein, in the acquired data information, the user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are all data with hourly resolution.

[0022] Among them, in the acquired data information, the user-side electricity load is based on the operating data of the real-time monitoring of the building energy system or the simulation data of the building energy consumption software simulation. By analyzing the characteristics of the user-side electricity load, the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm is used to build an hourly prediction model of the user-side electricity consumption, so as to predict the user-side electricity load for a certain day in the future.

[0023] Among the acquired data information, the wind power and photovoltaic power generation data are calculated using output power models of wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation groups, respectively, based on future meteorological parameters.

[0024] Step 2: Construct a dispatch cost model for the generating units, take the minimum generating cost as the goal, and determine the optimal output of the generating units, including: (1) Construct a dispatching cost model for generating units on the power generation side. The objective function is the power generation cost. The model is established as follows: ; ; ; ; ; ; In the formula, is the total cost of the power generation side during the dispatch period; is the coal burning cost of thermal power units during the dispatch period; , , is the consumption characteristic parameter of thermal power unit i; is the grid-connected power of thermal power units in this area during period t; T is the total number of time periods in the dispatch cycle; is the wind power operation cost within the dispatch period; is the operating cost of PV power generation within the dispatch period; is the unit operating cost of wind power generation; is the unit operating cost of photovoltaic power generation; and They are the wind abandonment cost and solar abandonment cost within the dispatch period respectively; and They are the unit wind curtailment penalty cost and the unit solar curtailment penalty cost respectively; , are the upper limits of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in period t respectively.

[0025] (2) Construct the constraints of the optimal output objective function of the generator set on the power generation side. The constraints on the power generation side mainly include power balance constraints, thermal power unit output and ramp constraints, renewable energy power generation output constraints and tie line constraints. The details are as follows: The calculation formula of power balance constraint is: ; The calculation formula for the thermal unit output and climbing constraint is: ; The calculation formula for renewable energy power generation output constraint is: ; The calculation formula of tie line constraint is: ; In the formula, is the power load power during period t; is the grid-connected power of wind turbines in this area during period t; is the grid-connected power of the photovoltaic units in this area during period t; and The net electric power transmitted from region j and country k to this region in period t respectively; is the power transmission loss rate; , are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i respectively; , are the upper and lower limits of the ramp power of thermal power unit i respectively; The duration of the unit scheduling period; is the transmission power of the tie line during period t; and They are the upper and lower limits of the transmission power of the interconnection line respectively.

[0026] Step 3: Calculate the dynamic carbon emission factor of electricity based on the output of the generating units and the carbon emission information of the generating sources; wherein, the dynamic carbon emission factor of electricity is calculated based on the output of the generating units and the carbon emission information of the corresponding generating sources. The calculation formula is as follows: ; Where, e(t) is the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor of the building area during period t; n is the number of thermal power units; is the carbon emission intensity of thermal power unit i; The carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity delivered by region j to this region during period t; is the carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity transmitted by country k to this region during period t.

[0027] Step 4: Combine electricity prices and carbon taxes to establish a user-side electricity-carbon integrated demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation costs; Among them, combining electricity prices and carbon taxes, a user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the lowest load regulation cost as the optimization goal is established, and the dispatch cycle cost and user-side carbon emission reduction are calculated. Specifically including: (1) Construct the objective function of the user-side electricity-carbon integrated demand response model. The calculation formula is as follows: ; In the formula, The increase in costs after load adjustment, including the increase in user electricity charges and the increase in electricity carbon tax; is the load increase during period t; is the load reduction during period t; is the electricity price during period t; The carbon tax rate for electricity consumption; is the power transmission loss rate.

[0028] (2) Establish the load adjustment power consumption behavior constraints of the user-side electricity-carbon integrated demand response model. The constraints mainly include the upper and lower limit constraints of load increase and decrease, the constraint that the load cannot increase and decrease at the same time, and the load increase and decrease balance constraint. The details are as follows: The calculation formula for the upper and lower limit constraints of load increase and decrease is: ; The calculation formula for the load cannot increase or decrease at the same time constraint is: ; The calculation formula for load increase and decrease balance constraint is: ; In the formula, is the upper limit of load increase during period t; is the upper limit of load reduction during period t; and It is a variable between 0 and 1. When there is an increase in load during period t, Take 1, when there is load reduction during period t Take 1.

[0029] Step 5: Based on the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, propose the optimal dispatching strategy for the power system, and guide users to change their electricity consumption behavior through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods.

[0030] Based on the user-side electricity load adjustment, the dispatch cycle cost and user-side carbon emission reduction under the comprehensive electricity-carbon demand response are calculated, including: The dispatching cost on the power generation side mainly includes the cost of coal burning for thermal power generation, the cost of wind power generation, the cost of photovoltaic power generation, and the cost of wind and solar power abandonment. The calculation formula is as follows: The calculation formula of the scheduling cycle cost is: ; The calculation of carbon emission reduction on the user side is as follows: The calculation formula for user-side carbon emission reduction is: ; In the formula, It is the daily carbon emission reduction on the user side.

[0031] On the other hand, the present invention proposes an electricity-carbon integrated demand response system based on a dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, such as Figure 2 As shown, including: Data collection module, used to collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data information; The power generation output module is used to build a dispatching cost model for the power generation units and determine the optimal output of the power generation units; Electricity carbon factor module, used to calculate dynamic electricity carbon emission factors; Demand response module, used to establish a comprehensive demand response model for electricity and carbon on the user side; The dispatch strategy module is used to propose the optimal dispatch strategy for the power system.

[0032] Among them, the scheduling strategy module calculates the scheduling cycle cost and user-side carbon emission reduction according to the solution results of the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, and proposes the optimal scheduling strategy based on this.

[0033] Furthermore, the system scheduling cycle is 24 hours, and the unit scheduling time is 1 hour.

[0034] This invention focuses on the background of "electricity-carbon perspective", combines the characteristics of electricity price and dynamic electricity carbon emission factor, and proposes an electricity-carbon integrated demand response method and system based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor. Through the cost of electricity and carbon tax in different time periods, users are guided to change their electricity consumption behavior, aiming to reduce the peak-to-valley difference of load, realize low-carbon electricity consumption on the user side, and thus improve the economy and low-carbon nature of the power system.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factors, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data; Construct a dispatching cost model for the generating units on the generating side, and determine the optimal output of the generating units on the generating side with the minimum generating cost as the goal; The dynamic electricity carbon emission factor is calculated based on the carbon emission information of the generating units and the power generation sources; Combine electricity prices and carbon taxes to establish a user-side electricity-carbon integrated demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation costs; Based on the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, an optimal dispatching strategy for the power system is proposed to guide users to change their electricity consumption behavior through the costs of electricity and carbon taxes in different time periods.

2. According to claim 1, a method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor is characterized in that: The generation side unit dispatching cost model is constructed, and the objective function is the power generation cost. The model is established as follows: ； ； ； ； ； ； In the formula, is the total cost of the power generation side during the dispatch period; is the coal burning cost of thermal power units during the dispatch period; , , is the consumption characteristic parameter of thermal power unit i; is the grid-connected power of thermal power units in this area during period t; T is the total number of time periods in the dispatch cycle; is the wind power operation cost within the dispatch period; is the operating cost of PV power generation within the dispatch period; is the unit operating cost of wind power generation; is the unit operating cost of photovoltaic power generation; and They are the wind abandonment cost and solar abandonment cost within the dispatch period respectively; and They are the unit wind curtailment penalty cost and the unit solar curtailment penalty cost respectively; , are the upper limits of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in period t respectively.

3. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The generation side unit dispatching cost model is constructed including power balance constraints, thermal power unit output and ramp constraints, renewable energy power generation output constraints and tie line constraints.

4. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The power balance constraint, thermal unit output and ramp constraint, renewable energy generation output constraint and tie line constraint are: The calculation formula of power balance constraint is: ； The calculation formula for the thermal unit output and climbing constraint is: ； The calculation formula for renewable energy power generation output constraint is: ; The calculation formula of tie line constraint is: ; In the formula, is the power load power during period t; is the grid-connected power of wind turbines in this area during period t; is the grid-connected power of the photovoltaic units in this area during period t; and The net electric power transmitted from region j and country k to this region in period t respectively; is the power transmission loss rate; , are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i respectively; , are the upper and lower limits of the ramp power of thermal power unit i respectively; The duration of the unit scheduling period; is the transmission power of the tie line during period t; and They are the upper and lower limits of the transmission power of the interconnection line respectively.

5. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation formula of the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor is: ； Where, e(t) is the dynamic electricity carbon emission factor of the building area during period t; n is the number of thermal power units; is the carbon emission intensity of thermal power unit i; The carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity delivered by region j to this region during period t; is the carbon emission intensity corresponding to the electricity transmitted by country k to this region during period t.

6. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for establishing the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model with the goal of minimizing load regulation cost is as follows: ； In the formula, The increase in costs after load adjustment, including the increase in user electricity charges and the increase in electricity carbon tax; is the load increase during period t; is the load reduction during period t; is the electricity price during period t; The carbon tax rate for electricity consumption; is the power transmission loss rate.

7. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model also includes upper and lower limit constraints on load increase and decrease, load cannot be increased or decreased at the same time, and load increase and decrease balance constraints; The calculation formula for the upper and lower limit constraints of load increase and decrease is: ; The calculation formula for the load cannot increase or decrease at the same time constraint is: ; The calculation formula for load increase and decrease balance constraint is: ; In the formula, is the upper limit of load increase during period t; is the upper limit of load reduction during period t; and is a variable between 0 and 1. When there is an increase in load during period t, Take 1, when there is load reduction during period t Take 1.

8. The method for responding to electricity-carbon integrated demand based on dynamic electricity carbon emission factor according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The optimal dispatching strategy of the power system is based on the adjustment of the power load on the user side, and calculates the dispatching cycle cost and the carbon emission reduction on the user side; The calculation formula of the scheduling cycle cost is: ; The calculation formula for user-side carbon emission reduction is: ; In the formula, It is the daily carbon emission reduction on the user side.

9. An electricity-carbon integrated demand response system according to the electricity-carbon integrated demand response method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Data collection module, used to collect user-side electricity load, time-of-use electricity price, carbon tax, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation data information; The power generation output module is used to build a dispatching cost model for the power generation units and determine the optimal output of the power generation units; Electricity carbon factor module, used to calculate dynamic electricity carbon emission factors; Demand response module, used to establish a comprehensive demand response model for electricity and carbon on the user side; The dispatch strategy module is used to propose the optimal dispatch strategy for the power system.

10. The electricity-carbon integrated demand response system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scheduling strategy module calculates the scheduling cycle cost and the user-side carbon emission reduction according to the solution of the user-side electricity-carbon comprehensive demand response model, and proposes the optimal scheduling strategy accordingly.

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