Sensor arrangement method and system for early warning of debris flow

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning, in particular to a sensor arrangement method and system for early warning of debris flow, and the method comprises the steps: determining a corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each time of debris flow, so as to determine the motion characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of fluctuation signals; the method comprises the following steps: determining the installation position of a corresponding sensor in combination with a three-dimensional geological map, installing the corresponding sensor, carrying out communication test, determining whether signal confusion exists among various sensors according to a communication test result so as to determine whether to optimize the installation position, and obtaining rainfall data in an early warning range in real time. Determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; and processing transmission signals of the sensors according to the occurrence tendency so as to carry out early warning on the debris flow. By reasonably arranging the sensors, the accuracy and reliability of debris flow early warning can be effectively improved, and powerful support is provided for disaster prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning, and in particular to a sensor arrangement method and system for debris flow early warning. Background Art

[0002] Debris flow is a highly destructive geological disaster that often causes huge losses to human life, property and infrastructure. Timely and accurate location of debris flow is crucial for disaster warning and rescue work. Infrasound monitoring technology has received extensive attention in the field of debris flow positioning due to its advantages such as long propagation distance, low attenuation and ability to bypass obstacles. However, there are some problems with the existing debris flow positioning system based on infrasound monitoring, including: the layout of the sensor network is not reasonable, resulting in insufficient ability to capture debris flow infrasound signals, and monitoring blind spots may appear in some areas; there is a lack of effective collaborative working mechanism between sensors, low data transmission efficiency, and easy to be interfered by the outside world; at the same time, the existing sensor network is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable environmental conditions, and the monitoring performance is unstable under different terrain and meteorological conditions. These problems seriously affect the accuracy and reliability of debris flow positioning and limit the effect of infrasound monitoring technology in practical applications.

[0003] Chinese patent announcement number CN103778345B discloses a method for screening debris flow infrasound signals, a method for locating debris flow occurrence sites, and a method for real-time monitoring of debris flow movement paths. In view of the defects of infrasound positioning in the prior art, such as the lack of signal screening, low signal recognition accuracy, and inability to accurately locate coordinates, this invention provides a method for screening debris flow infrasound signals. This method first eliminates background noise interference through four indicators: signal duration, signal correlation, signal superior frequency, and sound pressure. Then, a method of mainly analyzing the first abnormal signal and then performing a reference analysis of the abnormal signal is adopted. The method of dividing the multi-sensor acquisition signals into two paths and processing them simultaneously ensures accurate and efficient screening of debris flow occurrence signals. Based on this signal screening method, the invention also provides a method for locating debris flow occurrence, which can realize accurate coordinate positioning of the debris flow occurrence site, and further provides a method for real-time monitoring of debris flow movement paths, which can realize visual real-time monitoring of debris flows. It can be seen that the prior art has the following problems: The layout of the sensor network is unreasonable and susceptible to external interference, which affects the accuracy and reliability of debris flow positioning. Summary of the invention

[0004] To this end, the present invention provides a sensor arrangement method and system for debris flow early warning, so as to overcome the problem in the prior art that the layout of the sensor network is unreasonable and susceptible to external interference, thereby affecting the accuracy and reliability of debris flow positioning.

[0005] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention provides a sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning, comprising: Obtain the three-dimensional geological map within the warning range, the number of historical debris flows and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determine a corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; Determine the corresponding sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map; Install corresponding sensors according to the determined installation locations of various sensors and conduct communication tests; Determine whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation position; Acquire rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and determine the current debris flow tendency based on the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; The transmission signals of each sensor are processed according to the occurrence tendency to provide early warning of debris flow.

[0006] Furthermore, the process of determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes: Determining the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and inputting the movement information into the acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the wave signal; The motion characteristics include the motion path and the impact range, and the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and the attenuation rate.

[0007] Further, the process of determining the sensor installation location according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map includes: Determine a location where a sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics; The sensor installation location is selected according to the topographical characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed.

[0008] Further, the process of determining the position of the sensor to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes determining the debris flow prediction path and debris flow prediction range within the warning range according to the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; Determining a sensor arrangement range according to the debris flow prediction range and the debris flow prediction path; Determine the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; According to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend, the corresponding characteristic point position is determined as the position to be installed of the sensor.

[0009] Further, the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range is determined according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process, including: If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is greater than or equal to a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to a preset attenuation rate, then the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be a suitable installation trend; If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is less than a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than a preset attenuation rate, the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be an unsuitable installation trend.

[0010] Furthermore, the process of selecting the sensor installation location according to the terrain characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed includes: Determine the topographic data and geological data corresponding to each of the locations to be installed according to the three-dimensional geological map; Determine the installation characterization state corresponding to the location to be installed according to the topographic data and the geological data, wherein: If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed meet the installation conditions, then the location to be installed is determined to be in a suitable installation state; If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed do not meet the installation conditions, the location to be installed is determined to be in an unsuitable state for installation; Mark the installation location that is suitable for installation as the sensor installation location.

[0011] Further, the process of determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position includes: Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various sensors to determine the corresponding correlation trends; Determine whether there is confusion tendency according to whether there is a sudden change peak in the time domain waveform corresponding to the infrasound sensor signal; Determining that signal confusion exists and determining to optimize the installation position according to the related trend and the determination result that confusion tendency exists; The correlation trend includes a correlation trend and an irrelevant trend.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes: Determine a high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data; The debris flow monitoring time period is determined according to the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period, wherein: If the rainfall data of any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period; If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, the debris flow monitoring time period is determined to be the high-incidence time period; The current debris flow tendency is determined according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, wherein: If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be an occurrence tendency; If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be non-occurring tendency; Wherein, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of historical debris flow data.

[0013] Furthermore, the high-incidence time period is from the earliest time when a debris flow occurred to the latest time when a debris flow occurred in the historical debris flow data; Among them, the time of occurrence of mudslides is determined by the month and date of occurrence.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a sensor arrangement system for debris flow early warning, comprising: The data acquisition module includes a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map within the warning range, the number of historical debris flows and historical debris flow data of each debris flow, a network search unit for obtaining rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and a sensor unit for obtaining a sensor transmission signal; A process simulation module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used to determine the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; a simulation analysis module connected to the process simulation module, for determining a sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map, performing a communication test after installing the sensor according to the determined sensor installation position, and determining whether signal confusion exists between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position; The data analysis module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and to process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention lies in that the sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning provided by the present invention uses professional numerical simulation software to scientifically simulate the movement process of debris flow from multiple dimensions, accurately presents its flow velocity, flow direction, flooding range, etc., considers various complex factors to truly restore the historical situation, and provides a scientific basis for determining the installation position of the sensor; secondly, based on the movement characteristics of debris flow, the propagation characteristics of infrasound and seismic waves, and the three-dimensional geological map, the sensor installation position is reasonably determined, and the infrasound sensor and the seismic wave sensor are arranged according to their different propagation characteristics to improve the monitoring effectiveness; thirdly, after installation, a communication test is carried out and the signal confusion is judged based on the test results and the installation position is optimized to ensure stable signal transmission; at the same time, rainfall data is obtained in real time, and the current debris flow tendency is judged in combination with historical debris flow data. The sensor transmission signal is processed in a targeted manner according to the tendency for early warning to avoid false alarms, effectively improve the timeliness and accuracy of the early warning, and provide strong support for the prevention and control of debris flow disasters; Furthermore, by combining the movement characteristics of debris flow and the propagation characteristics of infrasound and seismic waves, the installation locations of infrasound sensors and seismic sensors are determined respectively. This process fully considers the dynamic characteristics of debris flow and the propagation laws of different types of wave signals, making the initial positioning of sensors more targeted and scientific, and providing a key basis for the subsequent effective monitoring of debris flow related signals. In addition, based on the terrain characteristics and geological characteristics of the installation location, the sensor installation location is further screened, and the infrasound and seismic sensors are considered respectively. This approach fully considers the impact of the actual geographical environment on the sensor monitoring effect, ensuring that the selected location not only meets the signal propagation characteristics, but also adapts to the actual terrain and geological conditions, avoiding poor sensor monitoring effects due to complex terrain or unstable geology, thereby greatly improving the rationality and effectiveness of the sensor installation location, and enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire debris flow early warning system. Furthermore, by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the infrasound sensor and seismic wave sensor signals to determine the correlation trend, the degree of correlation between the signals can be evaluated from a quantitative perspective, and scientific data can be used to determine whether the signals have a strong correlation, providing an objective basis for subsequent judgment of signal confusion; at the same time, the confusion tendency is determined based on whether there is a sudden change peak in the time domain waveform corresponding to the infrasound sensor signal. By using the different waveform characteristics of infrasound and seismic waves in the time domain and combining them with the normal waveform database for comparison, it is possible to effectively identify whether the signal is abnormal, thereby discovering possible signal confusion; based on the judgment results of the combined correlation trend and confusion tendency, it is possible to accurately determine whether there is signal confusion between the sensors, and decide whether to optimize the installation position accordingly; this series of operations ensures the independence and accuracy of the signals collected by the sensors, avoids misjudgment caused by signal confusion, improves the reliability and stability of the debris flow early warning system, makes the early warning information more accurate and effective, and provides a strong guarantee for the prevention of debris flow disasters; Furthermore, by analyzing the occurrence time of historical debris flow data, the high-incidence time period of debris flow can be accurately delineated, which provides a basic time reference for subsequent judgment of the possibility of debris flow occurrence; when determining the debris flow monitoring time period, the rainfall data of the non-high-incidence time period is combined with the rainfall reference value for judgment, taking into account rainfall, a key factor in triggering debris flow; if the rainfall data of the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the reference value, the corresponding sub-time period will be included in the monitoring scope to make the monitoring more comprehensive; if it does not exceed the reference value, the high-incidence time period will be used as the monitoring period, which not only ensures the targeted monitoring, but also avoids unnecessary excessive monitoring; finally, the current debris flow tendency is determined based on the relationship between the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, which can make timely and accurate judgments on the possibility of debris flow occurrence; this method of comprehensively considering historical data and real-time rainfall conditions has greatly improved the scientificity and effectiveness of debris flow warnings, and is helpful to take preventive measures in advance and reduce the possible losses caused by debris flow disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A step diagram of a sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A process diagram for determining the installation position of a sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A process diagram for determining whether to optimize the installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of a sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0020] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0021] See also Figure 1 As shown, it is a step diagram of a sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning according to an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning, including: Step S1, obtaining a three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows, and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the warning range; it can be understood that the three-dimensional geological map is a three-dimensional map that integrates all terrain information, geomorphological information, and geological information within the warning range; in implementation, if there is a three-dimensional geological map that has been integrated, it is directly used; if there is no three-dimensional geological map that has been integrated, the terrain map, geomorphological information, and geological information of each location within the warning range are obtained respectively, and these information are integrated to form a three-dimensional geological map; In implementation, the historical debris flow data of each debris flow includes all recorded data such as the time when the debris flow occurred, the time when the debris flow ended, and the rainfall when it occurred.

[0022] Step S2, determining a corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; in implementation, determining the debris flow simulation process by professional numerical simulation software; It is understandable that professional numerical simulation software for simulating historical debris flow processes includes: (1) FLO-2D, which is a software widely used in simulating geological disasters such as floods and debris flows. It is based on the finite difference method and can simulate two-dimensional water flow and sediment transport. The software can simulate the movement process of debris flows more accurately, including the flow rate, flow direction, and inundation range of debris flows. In addition, it can consider different terrain conditions, boundary conditions, and material properties to restore historical debris flow conditions more realistically. It is suitable for debris flow simulations of various scales, and can effectively simulate and analyze debris flow disasters in small debris flow gullies in mountainous areas and large river basins. (2) RAMMS, which is mainly used for simulating fast-moving gravity flows such as avalanches, debris flows, and rock falls. The software uses advanced physical models and can consider the influence of multiple factors on debris flow movement. In terms of simulating debris flow movement under complex terrain, it is very useful. It has the advantages of being able to accurately simulate the flow, accumulation and erosion process of debris flows in different terrains and landforms, and can handle different types of debris flows, including viscous debris flows and dilute debris flows. It is particularly suitable for simulating debris flows in complex terrain conditions in mountainous areas, and is of great value for studying debris flow disasters that have occurred in mountainous areas in history. (3) DAN-3D is a three-dimensional landslide and debris flow dynamics simulation software. It is based on the Lagrangian method and can simulate the movement process of landslides and debris flows in detail. The software can simulate the movement of debris flows in three-dimensional space, taking into account the impact of terrain undulations and slope changes on the movement of debris flows. It can simulate the entire process of debris flow initiation, movement and accumulation, and output rich simulation results, such as the distribution of debris flow thickness, velocity, energy, etc. It is suitable for in-depth research on the movement process of debris flows, and is of great significance for analyzing the causes and impact range of historical debris flow disasters. Step S3, determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; it can be understood that the wave signal includes an infrasound wave signal and a seismic wave signal; Step S4, determining the corresponding sensor installation position according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map; it can be understood that infrasound waves are mainly propagated through air media. When a debris flow occurs, the debris flow interacts with the surrounding air, and the generated infrasound waves will diffuse in the air. The state of the air (such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc.) has a great influence on the propagation of infrasound waves. For example, in warm and humid air, the propagation characteristics of infrasound waves may be different from those in cold and dry air; seismic waves are mainly propagated through solid media (such as soil, rock, etc.). The movement of the debris flow triggers the vibration of the surrounding rock and soil, thereby generating seismic waves and propagating in the solid medium. Different types of rocks Different physical properties from soil will significantly affect the propagation of seismic waves; for example, there are obvious differences in the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in hard rocks and in soft soil; in addition, infrasound sensors should be installed in open, unobstructed places to reduce the impact of obstacles on infrasound propagation (for example, when monitoring debris flows in valleys, they should be installed in open areas of valleys and avoid being installed near buildings, trees, etc.); seismic wave sensors should be buried underground to a certain depth, generally recommended to be buried at a depth of about 0.5 to 1 meter. Burying underground can make the sensor better contact with the ground and improve the ability to sense seismic waves. It is also necessary to ensure that the soil around the sensor is compacted to ensure the stability of signal transmission; Therefore, in practice, the propagation characteristics of infrasound wave signals and seismic wave signals are different, which leads to different selections of their installation locations. Therefore: (1) the installation location of the infrasound wave sensor is determined based on the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics of the infrasound wave signal and the three-dimensional geological map; (2) the installation location of the seismic wave sensor is determined based on the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics of the seismic wave signal and the three-dimensional geological map; Step S5, installing corresponding sensors according to the determined installation positions of various sensors and performing communication tests; Step S6, determining whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position; Step S7, acquiring rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; Step S8, processing the transmission signal of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to warn of debris flow; it can be understood that issuing an early warning of debris flow based on the transmission signals of seismic wave sensors and infrasonic wave sensors is a prior art, so it will not be repeated; in implementation, if the current debris flow tendency is not a tendency to occur, only the transmission signal of each sensor is collected but not processed and no early warning is triggered.

[0023] Specifically, in step S3, the process of determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes: Determining the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and inputting the movement information into the acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the wave signal; Among them, the movement characteristics include the movement path and the affected range, the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and attenuation rate, and the movement information includes the speed, direction, accumulation range and other debris flow related information that can be obtained by all simulation software.

[0024] It is understandable that acoustic simulation software includes: (1) COMSOL Multiphysics, a multi-physics simulation software with a powerful acoustic module. It can simulate various acoustic phenomena including infrasound and supports complex geometric models and multiple boundary conditions. In the simulation of debris flow acoustics, it can comprehensively consider the influence of factors such as terrain and meteorology on sound propagation and perform high-precision simulation analysis; (2) LMS Virtual.Lab Acoustics is a simulation software focused on acoustics. It provides a wealth of acoustic analysis functions. It can perform detailed frequency analysis and acoustic radiation simulation on the sound generated by debris flows. The software has an intuitive user interface and an efficient solver, which can quickly and accurately obtain simulation results. At the same time, it supports data interaction with other engineering software to facilitate multidisciplinary joint analysis. (3) Raynoise uses ray tracing as its core algorithm and is good at simulating the propagation and reflection of sound in complex environments. It has unique advantages in acoustic simulation of debris flows in complex terrains such as mountainous areas. It can quickly calculate parameters such as the sound propagation path, number of reflections, and energy attenuation, and intuitively display the distribution of sound in space. The software also provides a rich material library and acoustic models to facilitate users to set up simulations for different scenarios.

[0025] In implementation, these professional numerical simulation software are coupled with specialized acoustic simulation software. For example, the movement process of debris flow is simulated by FLO-2D, RAMMS or DAN-3D first, and then the relevant movement results are imported into COMSOL Multiphysics, and the acoustic model is combined to simulate the propagation characteristics of infrasound. Through this multi-software coupling method, the simulation of the propagation characteristics of infrasound / seismic waves during debris flow can be realized to a certain extent.

[0026] See also Figure 2 As shown, it is a process diagram of determining the sensor installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, in step S4, the process of determining the sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map includes: Step S41, determining the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics; in implementation, step S41 includes two parts: (1) determining the position where the infrasound sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the infrasound wave; (2) determining the position where the seismic wave sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the seismic wave; Step S42, selecting the sensor installation location according to the topographical characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed; in implementation, step S42 includes two parts: (1) selecting the infrasonic wave sensor installation location according to the topographical characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed; (2) selecting the seismic wave sensor installation location according to the topographical characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed.

[0027] Specifically, in step S41, the process of determining the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes: Step S411, determining the debris flow prediction path and debris flow prediction range within the warning range according to the movement characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; it can be understood that the debris flow prediction range is the possible impact range of the debris flow in the simulation process, and the debris flow prediction path is the specific path in the simulation process; that is, it can be understood that the debris flow prediction range should be larger than the range of the debris flow prediction path; in implementation, the debris flow prediction path within the warning range is the sum of the simulation paths of all debris flow simulation processes, that is, the simulation path of each debris flow simulation process is different, and the collection of the simulation paths of each debris flow simulation process is the debris flow prediction path; the debris flow prediction range within the warning range is the total impact range of all debris flow simulation processes, that is, the impact range of each debris flow simulation process is different, and the collection of the impact range of each debris flow simulation process is the debris flow prediction range; Step S412, determining a sensor arrangement range according to the debris flow prediction range and the debris flow prediction path; it can be understood that the debris flow prediction range includes the debris flow prediction path and the sensor arrangement range; in implementation, the debris flow prediction path and the sensor arrangement range do not overlap; Step S413, determining the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; in implementation, a K-means clustering method is used to determine a number of characteristic point positions within the sensor arrangement range, and the corresponding installation characterization trend is determined according to the propagation characteristics of each characteristic point position; it can be understood that the number of characteristic point positions can be adjusted by adjusting the K value (the number of characteristic point positions = K value), generally, K≥5, preferably, K=10; it can be understood that the K-means clustering method is a prior art and will not be described in detail; Step S414: according to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend, the corresponding feature point position is determined as the position to be installed of the sensor.

[0028] Specifically, in step S413, the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range is determined according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process, including: If the propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate, then the installation characterization trend of the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend. In implementation, (1) when determining the installation characterization trend of a seismic wave sensor: if the seismic wave propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity of the seismic wave and the seismic wave attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate of the seismic wave, then the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor at the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend. (2) when determining the installation characterization trend of an infrasound wave sensor: if the infrasound wave propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity of the infrasound wave and the infrasound wave attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate of the infrasound wave, then the installation characterization trend of the infrasound wave sensor at the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend. If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is less than a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than a preset attenuation rate, the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be an unsuitable installation trend.

[0029] It can be understood that the attenuation rate is the ratio of the signal strength at the current feature point position to the initial signal strength. The attenuation rate reflects the relative speed at which the signal attenuates during the propagation process. It is a quantitative indicator. When conducting quantitative analysis of signal attenuation, especially when comparing the attenuation in different areas and under different conditions, the attenuation rate can more accurately express the degree of attenuation.

[0030] It can be understood that in step S413, it is necessary to determine the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasound wave sensor respectively; if any one of the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasound wave sensor is a suitable installation trend, the characteristic point position is determined to be a position to be installed; if both the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasound wave sensor are unsuitable installation trends, the characteristic point position is determined not to be a position to be installed; In implementation, a corresponding single feature point position can display whether it is a position to be installed and which position to be installed; in one implementation, feature point position A is a position to be installed for an infrasonic sensor, feature point position B is a position to be installed for a seismic sensor, and feature point position C is a position to be installed for an infrasonic sensor and a seismic sensor; In implementation, the initial signal strength and the signal strength change within the debris flow prediction range can be determined based on the acoustic simulation software.

[0031] It is understandable that when infrasound waves propagate in the air, their attenuation rate is relatively small and the propagation distance is relatively long. This is because the viscosity and absorption of air are relatively weak. As long as there are no strong obstacles or special meteorological conditions, infrasound waves can propagate for a long distance. However, infrasound waves will be affected by factors such as terrain and buildings during propagation. When encountering obstacles such as mountains and large buildings, reflection, refraction and scattering will occur, resulting in energy loss and attenuation. When seismic waves propagate in solid media, the attenuation rate is relatively large. During the propagation process, seismic waves will experience friction, deformation and other effects with the surrounding rock and soil, consuming a lot of energy. Moreover, the attenuation of seismic waves is also related to factors such as the propagation distance and the degree of rock fragmentation. The longer the propagation distance and the more fragmented the rock, the more obvious the attenuation of seismic waves. Therefore, the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves is less than the preset attenuation rate of infrasound waves. Generally, the preset attenuation rate of infrasound waves ∈ [0.85, 0.95], and the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves ∈ [0.5, 0.8]; preferably, the preset attenuation rate of infrasound waves is 0.9, and the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves is 0.65. It is understandable that the speed of infrasound in the air is about 340m / s, but it will be affected by factors such as air temperature and humidity; generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the faster the infrasound will propagate; the increase in humidity may also affect its propagation speed to a certain extent, but its impact is smaller than the influence of temperature; the propagation speed of seismic waves is much more complicated than that of infrasound, and is usually faster than the propagation speed of infrasound in the air. Seismic waves include different types such as longitudinal waves (P waves) and transverse waves (S waves). The propagation speed of longitudinal waves is relatively fast, generally 5km / s to 7km / s, and the propagation speed of transverse waves is relatively slow, about is 3km / s~4km / s; and the wave (surface wave) composed of the transverse wave and the longitudinal wave of the seismic wave generally has a wave velocity range of three quarters of the transverse wave, which is about 2.25km / s~3km / s; therefore, the preset propagation velocity of the infrasound wave is ≥0.9×340m / s, and the preset propagation velocity of the seismic wave is ≥0.9×the average value of the initial seismic surface wave velocities of each historical debris flow; preferably, the preset propagation velocity of the infrasound wave =0.95×340m / s, and the preset propagation velocity of the seismic wave =0.95×the average value of the initial seismic surface wave velocities of each historical debris flow.

[0032] It can be understood that step S41 integrates the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process to accurately define the debris flow prediction path and prediction range within the warning range, provides a clear regional basis for the layout of sensors, and avoids unnecessary overlapping interference by reasonably distinguishing the prediction path and layout range; uses the K-means clustering method to determine multiple feature point positions within the sensor layout range, and determines its installation characterization trend based on the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process. This method effectively quantifies the installation suitability of the feature points; determines the installation characterization trend by setting preset values ​​of the propagation velocity and attenuation rate, and takes into account the differences in the propagation characteristics of infrasound and seismic waves, respectively, setting different preset values ​​for the two, thereby improving the accuracy of the determination; this step can accurately screen out the feature point positions suitable for installing sensors, provides scientific and accurate positioning for the subsequent installation of sensors, greatly improves the rationality and effectiveness of the sensor layout in the debris flow warning system, and helps to more efficiently monitor debris flow-related signals, laying a solid foundation for debris flow warning work.

[0033] Specifically, in step S42, the process of selecting the sensor installation location according to the terrain characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed includes: Step S421, determining the topographic data and geological data corresponding to each of the locations to be installed according to the three-dimensional geological map; Step S422, determining the installation characterization state corresponding to the location to be installed according to the topographic data and the geological data, wherein: If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed meet the installation conditions, then the location to be installed is determined to be in a suitable installation state; If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed do not meet the installation conditions, the location to be installed is determined to be in an unsuitable state for installation; It can be understood that (1) if the location to be installed is only the location to be installed of the infrasonic sensor, it is only necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the infrasonic sensor; (2) if the location to be installed is only the location to be installed of the seismic sensor, it is only necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the seismic sensor; (3) if the location to be installed is both the location to be installed of the seismic sensor and the location to be installed of the infrasonic sensor, it is necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the seismic sensor and whether it meets the installation conditions of the infrasonic sensor; in this case, if any one of the installation conditions is met, it is recorded as a suitable installation state, and if both installation conditions are not met, it is recorded as an unsuitable installation state; In implementation, the installation conditions include the installation conditions of seismic wave sensors and the installation conditions of infrasonic wave sensors; among them, the installation conditions of infrasonic wave sensors are that there is no obstruction within a radius of 5 meters of the installation location, and the installation conditions of seismic wave sensors are that the straight-line distance between the installation location and the predicted debris flow path is less than 15 meters and the geological conditions are stable. The determination of whether the geological conditions are stable or not is an existing technology and there are relatively mature methods and systems, so it will not be repeated here.

[0034] Step S423, marking the to-be-installed position in a suitable installation state as the sensor installation position; in implementation, if the to-be-installed position is the to-be-installed position of the infrasonic wave sensor and the seismic wave sensor, it is necessary to determine the installation characterization state of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization state of the infrasonic wave sensor respectively; if any one of the installation characterization state of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization state of the infrasonic wave sensor is a suitable installation state, the to-be-installed position is determined to be the sensor installation position, and is determined to be the seismic wave sensor installation position and / or the infrasonic wave sensor installation position based on the conditions it meets; if both the installation characterization state of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization state of the infrasonic wave sensor are not suitable installation states, it is determined that the feature point position is not the sensor installation position.

[0035] It can be understood that when screening the sensor installation locations, step S42 obtains detailed terrain data and geological data corresponding to each installation location with the help of a three-dimensional geological map, providing a comprehensive and accurate information basis for subsequent evaluation; based on these data, for the installation locations of different types of sensors, their installation characterization states are determined according to their respective installation conditions. This targeted determination method improves the accuracy and rationality of screening; for infrasonic sensors, the installation condition is to be unobstructed within a radius of 5 meters to ensure that their received signals are not obstructed; for seismic wave sensors, the straight-line distance to the predicted debris flow path is required to be less than 15 meters and the geological conditions are stable to ensure The effective monitoring of seismic wave signals and the stable operation of sensors are achieved; when the location to be installed involves two types of sensors at the same time, the installation characterization status of the two sensors is judged respectively, and whether it is the final sensor installation location and the specific type are determined according to the rules, thereby further optimizing the layout of the sensors; this step effectively excludes locations that are not suitable for installation, accurately selects locations that are suitable for installation and clearly marks them, greatly improving the scientificity and reliability of the selection of sensor installation locations, making the layout of sensors in the debris flow early warning system more reasonable, thereby enhancing the ability of the entire early warning system to monitor debris flow signals, and providing a strong guarantee for the timely and accurate issuance of debris flow early warnings.

[0036] In step S5, corresponding sensors are installed according to the properties of the sensor installation locations (seismic wave sensor installation locations and / or infrasound wave sensor installation locations).

[0037] See also Figure 3 Specifically, in step S6, the process of determining whether signal confusion exists between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether the installation position is optimized includes: Step S61, calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various sensors (in the implementation, referring to the infrasound sensor and the seismic wave sensor) to determine the corresponding correlation trend; it can be understood that the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient is a prior art and will not be described in detail; in the implementation, if the calculated Pearson correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.7, then the correlation trend is determined to be a correlation trend; Step S62, determine whether there is a tendency of confusion based on whether there is a sudden change peak in the time domain waveform graph corresponding to the infrasound sensor signal; it is understandable that under normal circumstances, the infrasound signal and the seismic wave signal have different waveform characteristics in the time domain: the infrasound wave has a low frequency, a relatively smooth waveform, and a long period; the seismic wave has a more complex waveform due to its complex source, and different types of seismic waves (such as longitudinal waves and transverse waves) will cause different vibration responses when they arrive. If there is signal confusion, the time domain waveform will be abnormal, such as irregular fluctuations and sudden changes in the originally stable infrasound waveform; in practice, when there is no confusion, the waveform collected by the infrasound sensor is stable, and the waveform collected by the seismic wave sensor has a specific vibration period and amplitude change; if the two signals are confused, the infrasound sensor waveform will have spikes or sudden changes similar to seismic waves, and by comparing with the normal waveform database, it can be determined whether there is signal confusion; Step S63, based on the related trend and the determination result of the existence of confusion tendency, determine whether there is signal confusion and determine to optimize the installation position; in implementation, the position of each sensor can be slightly adjusted and then the determination of whether there is signal confusion can be made again. If signal confusion still exists after the number of adjustments is greater than 5 times, the feature point position is re-determined according to the K-means clustering method (the K value is adjusted, generally increased) to re-determine the installation position.

[0038] The correlation trend includes a correlation trend and an irrelevant trend.

[0039] Specifically, in step S7, the process of determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes: Step S71, determining a high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data; Step S72, determining the debris flow monitoring time period according to the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period, wherein: If the rainfall data of any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period; If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, the debris flow monitoring time period is determined to be the high-incidence time period; Step S73, determining the current debris flow tendency according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, wherein: If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be an occurrence tendency; If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be non-occurring tendency; Wherein, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of historical debris flow data.

[0040] Specifically, in step S71, the high-incidence time period is from the earliest time when a debris flow occurs to the latest time when a debris flow occurs in the historical debris flow data; Among them, the time of occurrence of mudslides is determined by the month and date of occurrence.

[0041] It is understandable that the time of historical debris flow is arranged in the order of month and date (ignoring the year), and the month and date of the first historical debris flow after sorting is recorded as the earliest time of debris flow, and the month and date of the last historical debris flow after sorting is recorded as the latest time of debris flow. The high-incidence time period is from the earliest time of debris flow to the latest time of debris flow.

[0042] See also Figure 4 As shown, it is a connection diagram of a sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning according to an embodiment of the present invention. On the other hand, the present invention also provides a sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning, including: The data acquisition module includes a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map within the warning range, the number of historical debris flows and historical debris flow data of each debris flow, a network search unit for obtaining rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and a sensor unit for obtaining a sensor transmission signal; A process simulation module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used to determine the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; a simulation analysis module connected to the process simulation module, for determining a sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map, performing a communication test after installing the sensor according to the determined sensor installation position, and determining whether signal confusion exists between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position; The data analysis module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and to process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow.

[0043] So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning, characterized in that: include: Obtain the three-dimensional geological map within the warning range, the number of historical debris flows and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determine a corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; Determine the corresponding sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map; Install corresponding sensors according to the determined installation locations of various sensors and conduct communication tests; Determine whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation position; Acquire rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and determine the current debris flow tendency based on the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; The transmission signals of each sensor are processed according to the occurrence tendency to provide early warning of debris flow.

2. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes: Determining the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and inputting the movement information into the acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the wave signal; The motion characteristics include the motion path and the impact range, and the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and the attenuation rate.

3. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the sensor installation location according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map includes: Determine a location where a sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics; The sensor installation location is selected according to the topographical characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed.

4. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The process of determining the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes: Determining a debris flow prediction path and a debris flow prediction range within a warning range according to the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; Determining a sensor arrangement range according to the debris flow prediction range and the debris flow prediction path; Determine the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; According to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend, the corresponding characteristic point position is determined as the position to be installed of the sensor.

5. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 4, characterized in that: Determining the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process, including: If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is greater than or equal to a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to a preset attenuation rate, then the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be a suitable installation trend; If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is less than a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than a preset attenuation rate, the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be a trend that is not suitable for installation.

6. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of selecting the sensor installation location according to the terrain characteristics and geological characteristics of the location to be installed includes: Determine the topographic data and geological data corresponding to each of the locations to be installed according to the three-dimensional geological map; Determine the installation characterization state corresponding to the location to be installed according to the topographic data and the geological data, wherein: If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed meet the installation conditions, then the location to be installed is determined to be in a suitable installation state; If the topographic data and the geological data of the location to be installed do not meet the installation conditions, the location to be installed is determined to be in an unsuitable state for installation; Mark the installation location that is suitable for installation as the sensor installation location.

7. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position includes: Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various sensors to determine the corresponding correlation trends; Determine whether there is confusion tendency according to whether there is a sudden change peak in the time domain waveform corresponding to the infrasound sensor signal; Determining that signal confusion exists and determining to optimize the installation position according to the correlation trend and the determination result that confusion tendency exists; The correlation trend includes a correlation trend and an irrelevant trend.

8. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes: Determine a high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data; The debris flow monitoring period is determined based on the rainfall data during the non-high-incidence period, where: If the rainfall data of any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period; If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, the debris flow monitoring time period is determined to be the high-incidence time period; The current debris flow tendency is determined according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, wherein: If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be an occurrence tendency; If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined to be non-occurring tendency; Wherein, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of historical debris flow data.

9. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to claim 8, characterized in that: The high-incidence time period is the earliest time when a debris flow occurred to the latest time when a debris flow occurred in the historical debris flow data; Among them, the time of occurrence of mudslides is determined by the month and date of occurrence.

10. A sensor arrangement system for debris flow early warning using the sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module includes a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map within the warning range, the number of historical debris flows and historical debris flow data of each debris flow, a network search unit for obtaining rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and a sensor unit for obtaining a sensor transmission signal; A process simulation module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used to determine the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the wave signal according to the debris flow simulation process; a simulation analysis module connected to the process simulation module, for determining a sensor installation position according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map, performing a communication test after installing the sensor according to the determined sensor installation position, and determining whether signal confusion exists between the sensors according to the communication test result to determine whether to optimize the installation position; The data analysis module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and to process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow.

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