Exhaust emission control system and method

Abstract

Systems and methods for controlling an exhaust aftertreatment system are provided. The method includes: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value being associated with a first exhaust aftertreatment system component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value being associated with a second exhaust aftertreatment system component; estimating a nitrous oxide value based at least on the first input value and the second input value; determining a first output target at least based on the first input target, the second input target and the nitrous oxide value; and controlling the tail gas after-treatment system based on the first output target.

Description

Cross-reference to related applications

[0001] This PCT application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 408,750, filed on September 21, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to an exhaust aftertreatment system for a vehicle and more particularly to a system and method for controlling exhaust emissions. Background Art

[0003] Many engines are connected to exhaust aftertreatment systems to reduce harmful exhaust emissions (e.g. nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides, particulate matter, etc.). One or more components of the exhaust aftertreatment system may operate within a predetermined range of operating parameters, such as a temperature range, a pressure range, etc. For example, the catalyst may more effectively convert harmful exhaust emissions within a predetermined temperature range. In addition, the injection unit may be used to inject an injection liquid into the exhaust gas. The amount of injection liquid provided by the injection unit may affect the conversion of harmful exhaust emissions. Summary of the invention

[0004] One embodiment of the present application relates to a method for controlling an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The method includes: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value are associated with a first exhaust gas aftertreatment system component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value are associated with a second exhaust gas aftertreatment system component; estimating a nitrous oxide value based on at least the first input value and the second input value; determining a first output target based on at least the first input target, the second input target and the nitrous oxide value; and controlling the exhaust gas aftertreatment system based on the first output target.

[0005] Another embodiment of the present application relates to a system. The system includes an exhaust gas aftertreatment system including at least a first component and a second component, and a controller connected to the exhaust gas aftertreatment system. The controller includes at least one processor and at least one storage device, wherein instructions are stored, and when executed by at least one processor, the controller performs operations. These operations include: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value are associated with the first component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value are associated with the second component; receiving a nitrous oxide value based on at least the first input value and the second input value; determining a first output target based on at least the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; and controlling the exhaust gas aftertreatment system based on the first output target.

[0006] Another embodiment of the present application relates to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations. The operations include: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value being associated with a first component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value being associated with a second component; receiving a nitrous oxide value; determining a first output target based on at least the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; and controlling an exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target.

[0007] A large amount of specific details are provided, so that the embodiments of the present application theme are thoroughly understood. The described features of the present application theme can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments and / or implementations. In this regard, one or more features of an aspect of the present invention can be combined with one or more features of different aspects of the present invention. In addition, additional features may be present in some embodiments and / or implementations, and these additional features may not be present in all embodiments or implementations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle system block diagram according to an example embodiment.

[0009] Figure 2 According to an example embodiment Figure 1 Block diagram of the controller.

[0010] Figure 3 According to an example embodiment, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the controller.

[0011] Figure 4 According to an example embodiment, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the controller.

[0012] Figure 5 According to an example embodiment, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the controller.

[0013] Figures 6A-6C is a diagram for determining a Figure 1 Exhaust after-treatment system downstream NO x Schematic diagram of the target chart.

[0014] Figures 7A-7C is a diagram for determining a Figure 1 Exhaust after-treatment system downstream NO x Schematic diagram of the target chart.

[0015] Figure 8is a diagram for determining a Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a diagram of the exhaust aftertreatment system soot loading rate.

[0016] Figures 9A-9D According to an example embodiment, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts for controlling exhaust emissions and their methods, devices, and system implementations. Before turning to the drawings that detail certain example embodiments, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the details or methods described in the specification or drawings. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and should not be considered as limiting.

[0018] Referring generally to the Figures, various embodiments disclosed herein relate to systems, apparatuses, and methods for controlling exhaust emissions. More specifically, the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein relate to controlling an exhaust aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine (e.g., a diesel engine) having multiple reductant (e.g., DEF) injectors and catalysts (e.g., SCR catalysts). As described herein, the described systems, methods, and apparatuses include a plurality of exhaust aftertreatment system-level constraints (including tailpipe NO x , tailpipe N2O and passive regeneration characteristics (e.g. of a diesel particulate filter (DPF)) to determine the NO of upstream components (e.g. SCR catalyst activation or engine x and temperature requirements. These systems, methods, and apparatus monitor the effects of reductant injection on the DPF and use this information to select an SCR catalyst activation controller target. These systems, methods, and apparatus also determine the effects of increasing temperature and increasing NO x Helpfully, this approach takes into account the N2O produced by certain components in the exhaust aftertreatment system and determines how to distribute reductant injection among multiple SCR systems to meet or attempt to meet the tailpipe N2O target.

[0019] The exhaust gas aftertreatment system may include one or more sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, etc., for measuring exhaust gas parameter values ​​(or receiving / obtaining information indicating exhaust gas parameter values) in real time or near real time (e.g., every second, every millisecond, every minute, etc.), such as temperature values, pressure values, flow values, etc. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system may further include one or more catalysts for reducing certain exhaust gas components, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x) or other components, and / or one or more injection modules or units for injecting an injection liquid into the exhaust gas. At least one controller of the vehicle (e.g., an engine control module (ECM), an engine control unit (ECU), other electronic control unit, etc.) includes at least one processor and at least one memory, the memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the controller to perform various operations. These operations include controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system to achieve a target NO based on certain inputs. x Advantageously, the exhaust aftertreatment system is controlled to achieve target NOx over a range of engine operating conditions. x Emissions reduction, including low load and near idle operation. In addition, the exhaust aftertreatment system is controlled to actively manage byproducts generated by the exhaust aftertreatment system, such as nitrous oxide (N2O).

[0020] In an example operating scenario, the controller may be based on system-level constraints (such as tailpipe NO x The first catalyst target and the second catalyst target are selected based on the target, tailpipe N2O target, and passive regeneration possibility or rate of the particulate filter. Each catalyst manager and particulate manager of the controller provides parameter target ranges (e.g., temperature target range, NO x The controller may select target values ​​that satisfy the target ranges for the parameters (e.g., passive soot oxidation, tailpipe N2O target, and tailpipe NO x In addition, the controller may control the engine of the vehicle to adjust the engine outlet NO based on determining that the engine output is more influential than the available exhaust aftertreatment system control. x (EONO x ) or engine outlet temperature.

[0021] From a technical and beneficial perspective, the systems, methods, and apparatus described herein provide an improved aftertreatment control system that utilizes vehicle component data (e.g., target values, target ranges, and / or target thresholds for one or more components of the exhaust aftertreatment system) to control the operation of the exhaust aftertreatment system. Specifically, a target temperature, a target emission value, and / or a target operating mode may be used to determine commands for controlling the operation of one or more components (e.g., an injection unit) of the exhaust aftertreatment system, such that the operation of the exhaust aftertreatment system components is optimized to achieve an overall system target output (e.g., a target emission output of the exhaust aftertreatment system).

[0022] Reference Figure 1 , shows a system 100 according to an example embodiment. The system 100 includes an engine 101, an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 120 connected to the engine, an operator input / output (I / O) device 150, and a controller 140, wherein the controller 140 is coupled to the above components, especially coupled in communication. Figure 1In a configuration, the system 100 is included in a vehicle. The vehicle can be any type of on-road or off-road vehicle, including but not limited to a wheel loader, a forklift, a long-haul truck, a medium-duty truck (such as a pickup truck, etc.), a sedan, a coupe, a tank, an airplane, a boat, and any other type of vehicle. In another embodiment, the system 100 can be embodied in a stationary device, such as a generator or a generator set. All of these variations are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0023] The engine 101 can be any type of engine that produces exhaust, such as a gasoline, natural gas, diesel engine, a hybrid engine (e.g., a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor), and / or any other suitable engine. In the illustrated example, the engine 101 is a diesel-powered compression ignition engine. In some embodiments, the engine 101 can include one or more engine actuators. The one or more engine actuators are structured to control at least the engine idle speed, one or more air dampers for torque and power control, and / or meter fuel to control combustion.

[0024] The exhaust gas aftertreatment system 120 is in exhaust gas receiving communication with the engine 101. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system includes a heater 106, a first injection module 121 (system, unit, component, device, etc.), a first selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system 122, a diesel oxidation catalyst 124, a diesel particulate filter 125, a second injection module 126 (system, unit, component, device, etc.) and a second SCR system 128. The heater 106 is structured to selectively heat the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 120. Figure 1 In the illustrated embodiment, the heater is coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 downstream of the engine 101 and upstream of the first SCR 122. In other embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 may include additional heaters, and / or the heater 106 may be coupled to a different location of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120.

[0025] DOC 124 is structured to receive exhaust gas from upstream components and oxidize hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas. DPF 125 is arranged or positioned downstream of DOC 124 and is structured to remove particulate matter, such as soot, from the exhaust gas flowing in the exhaust flow. DPF 125 includes an inlet where the exhaust gas is received and an outlet where the exhaust gas is discharged after the particulate matter is substantially filtered out of the exhaust gas and / or converted to carbon dioxide. In some implementations, DPF 125 or other components may be omitted. In addition, although Figure 1 A specific arrangement of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 is shown in FIG. 1 , but in other embodiments, the arrangement of components within the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 may be different (eg, the DPF 125 is located downstream of the SCR 122 and the ASC, one or more components are omitted or added, etc.).

[0026] The first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126 are part of a reductant delivery system, which may include a decomposition chamber (e.g., a decomposition reactor, a reactor conduit, a decomposition tube, a reactor tube, etc.) to convert the reductant into ammonia. The reductant may be, for example, urea, diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), automotive urea solution, urea aqueous solution (UWS), urea aqueous solution (e.g., AUS32, etc.), and other similar liquids. Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) is added to the exhaust gas flow to assist catalytic reduction. The first injection module 121 may inject the reductant upstream of the first SCR 122 (or in particular the SCR catalyst 122a), so that the SCR catalyst 122a receives a mixture of the reductant and the exhaust gas. Similarly, the second injection module 126 may inject the reductant upstream of the second SCR 128 (or in particular the SCR catalyst 128a or the SCR catalyst 128b), so that the SCR catalyst 128a and / or the SCR catalyst 128b receive a mixture of the reductant and the exhaust gas. The reductant droplets then undergo evaporation, thermal decomposition, and hydrolysis processes within the decomposition chamber, SCR catalyst 122 a , 128 a , 128 b , and / or exhaust conduit system to form gaseous ammonia that exits the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 .

[0027] The exhaust aftertreatment system 120 may further include an oxidation catalyst (e.g., DOC 124) that is fluidly connected to the exhaust gas pipeline system for oxidizing hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas. In order to properly assist in this reduction, the DOC 124 may need to be at a certain operating temperature. In some embodiments, this operating temperature is approximately between 200-500°C. In other embodiments, this operating temperature is a temperature at which the conversion efficiency of the DOC 124 exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., the conversion rate of HC into less harmful compounds, i.e., the hydrocarbon conversion efficiency). In some embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 also includes a hydrocarbon (HC) injection module 123, which injects hydrocarbons upstream of the DOC 124.

[0028] The first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 are configured to detect the presence of ammonia and NO in the exhaust gas. x The reaction components nitrogen and water accelerate NO x reduction process, thereby assisting in reducing NO xEmissions. As shown, the first SCR 122 includes a first catalyst 122a and a first ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) 122b. The second SCR 128 includes a first catalyst 128a, a second catalyst 128b, and a first ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) 128c. In some embodiments, the first SCR 122 may include more or fewer components. For example, the first SCR 122 may include more, less, or different catalysts than the first catalyst 122a. In some embodiments, the ASC 122b may be removed from the first SCR 122 (e.g., completely removed or separated from the first SCR 122 as part of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120). In some embodiments, the second SCR 128 may include more or fewer components. For example, the second SCR 128 may include more, less, or different catalysts than the first catalyst 128a and / or the second catalyst 128b. In some embodiments, the ASC 128c may be removed from the second SCR 128 (e.g., completely removed or separate from the second SCR 128 as part of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120). For example, the ASC 122b and / or the ASC 128c are not included in the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 and / or are separate from the first SCR 122 and the second SCR 128. In some embodiments, only one of the first SCR 122 or the second SCR 128 includes an ASC. In other embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment system may include more than two SCR systems, less than two SCR systems, and other configurations.

[0029] If the temperature of the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 is not high enough, NO x The acceleration of the reduction process will be limited, and the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 may not be able to operate at an efficiency level that meets regulatory requirements. In some embodiments, this temperature is approximately 200-600° C. The first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 may be made of a combination of an inactive material and an active catalyst, such that the inactive material (e.g., a ceramic substrate) directs the exhaust gas to the active catalyst, and the active catalyst is any material suitable for catalytic reduction (e.g., metal exchanged zeolites (Fe or Cu / zeolite), base metal oxides such as vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.).

[0030] When the ammonia in the exhaust gas does not react with the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 (either because the temperature of the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 is below the operating temperature or because the amount of ammonia injected greatly exceeds the NO xThe unreacted ammonia may be combined with the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 and stored in the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128. When the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128 are heated up, the stored ammonia may be released from the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128. If the amount of ammonia released is greater than the amount of NO x amount, which may cause problems (i.e., more ammonia than required NO x In some embodiments, ASC 122b and / or ASC 128c are included and are structured to address ammonia slip by removing at least some of the excess ammonia before the treated exhaust flows to downstream components or is released to the atmosphere. As the exhaust passes through ASC 122b and / or ASC 128c, some of the unreacted ammonia remaining in the exhaust (i.e., reacted with NO x The unreacted) is partially oxidized to NO x , and then reacts with the remaining unreacted ammonia to form N2 gas and water. However, similar to the first SCR 122 and / or the second SCR 128, if the temperature of the ASC 122b and / or the ASC 128c is not high enough, the acceleration of the NH3 oxidation process will be limited and the ASC may not be able to operate at an efficiency level that meets regulatory or desired parameters. In some embodiments, this temperature is approximately 250-300°C.

[0031] As shown, the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 120 includes a plurality of sensors 130. The number, location, and type of sensors 130 included in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 120 are for example purposes only. That is, in other configurations, the number, location, and type of sensors may be different. The sensor 130 may be a NO x Sensors, particulate matter (PM) sensors, other emission component sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, pressure sensors, combinations thereof, etc. NO x The sensor is structured to x Each position where the sensor is located gets the indication NO x The PM sensor is structured to acquire data indicating a PM value (e.g., amount, concentration, etc.) at each location where the PM sensor is located. The temperature sensor is structured to acquire data indicating a temperature at each location where the temperature sensor is located. The flow sensor is structured to acquire data indicating a flow rate at each location where the flow sensor is located. The pressure sensor is structured to acquire data indicating a pressure at each location where the pressure sensor is located.

[0032] The sensor 130 may be located within or near the engine 101, after the engine 101 and before the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, after the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, as shown in the figure within the exhaust aftertreatment system (e.g., connected to the DPF 125 and / or DOC 124, connected to the first SCR 122, connected to the second SCR 128, etc.), upstream and / or with the engine 101, etc. It should be understood that the location of the sensor 130 may vary. In one embodiment, there may be sensors 130 located before and after the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. In one embodiment, at least one sensor is structured as an exhaust gas constituent sensor (e.g., CO, NO x , PM, SO x In another embodiment, at least one sensor 130 is structured as a non-exhaust component sensor (e.g., temperature, flow, pressure, etc.) for estimating exhaust emissions. Other sensors may also be included in the system 100. These sensors may include engine-related sensors (e.g., torque sensors, speed sensors, pressure sensors, flow sensors, temperature sensors, etc.). The sensors may further include sensors related to other components of the vehicle (e.g., turbocharger speed sensor, fuel quantity and injection rate sensor, fuel rail pressure sensor, etc.).

[0033] These sensors 130 may be real or virtual (i.e., non-physical sensors that are included as program logic constructs in the controller 140 for making various estimates or determinations). For example, an engine speed sensor may be a real or virtual sensor that measures or otherwise obtains data, values, or information indicative of the speed of the engine 101 (typically expressed in revolutions per minute). The sensor is coupled to the engine (when constructed as a real sensor) and is configured to send a signal indicative of the speed of the engine 101 to the controller 140. When constructed as a virtual sensor, the controller 140 may use at least one input in an algorithm, model, lookup table, etc. to determine or estimate a parameter of the engine (e.g., power output, etc.). Any of the sensors 130 described herein may be real or virtual.

[0034] The controller 140 is communicatively coupled to the sensors 130. Thus, the controller 140 is configured to receive data from one or more sensors 130. The controller 140 may use the received data to control one or more components in the system 100.

[0035] Still refer to Figure 1 , an operator input / output (I / O) device 150 is also shown. The operator I / O device 150 may be coupled to the controller 140 so that information may be exchanged between the controller 140 and the I / O device 150, wherein the information may be related to Figure 1The operator I / O device 150 enables an operator of the system 100 to communicate with the controller 140 and the Figure 1 The vehicle may include a port that enables the controller 140 to connect or couple to a scan tool to obtain fault codes and other information about the vehicle.

[0036] The controller 140 is configured to at least partially control the operation of the system 100 and related subsystems, such as the engine 101, the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, and the operator input / output (I / O) devices 150. Communication between components can be carried out through any number of wired or wireless connections. For example, a wired connection can include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired connection. In contrast, a wireless connection can include the Internet, Wi-Fi, a cellular network, radio, etc. In one embodiment, a controller area network (CAN) bus provides for the exchange of signals, information, and / or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections. Since the controller 140 is connected to Figure 1 The systems and components in the embodiment can be communicatively coupled, and the controller 140 is configured to Figure 1 The structure and function of the controller 140 will be described in detail in relation to Figure 2 Further described in .

[0037] because Figure 1 Components of are shown as being implemented in system 100, and controller 140 may be configured as one or more controllers, such as one or more electronic control units (ECUs), a transmission control unit, a powertrain control module, etc. Thus, the controller may be one or more microcontrollers. Although a single controller is shown in the figure, it should be understood that multiple "controllers" may be implemented / utilized. Controller 140 may be separate from a transmission control unit, an exhaust aftertreatment control unit, a powertrain control module, an engine control module, etc., or included in at least one of them.

[0038] Now refer to Figure 2 , according to an example embodiment, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the controller 140 of the system 100. Figure 2As shown, the controller 140 includes a processing circuit 202 having a processor 204 and a storage device 206, an exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210, and a communication interface 208. As described herein, the controller 140 is configured to control the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 based on one or more inputs (including target values, sensor data, and / or other inputs).

[0039] In one configuration, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 is embodied as a machine or computer readable medium storing instructions that can be executed by a processor (such as processor 204). As described herein and among other purposes, the machine readable medium facilitates the execution of certain operations to achieve the reception and transmission of data. For example, the machine readable medium can provide instructions (e.g., commands, etc.) to obtain data. In this regard, the machine readable medium can include programmable logic that defines the frequency of data acquisition (or data transmission). The computer readable medium instructions can include code that can be executed on one processor or multiple remote processors. In the latter case, the remote processors can be interconnected via any type of network (e.g., CAN bus, etc.).

[0040] In another configuration, the exhaust post-treatment control circuit 210 is embodied as a hardware unit, such as an electronic control unit. Therefore, the exhaust post-treatment control circuit 210 can be embodied as one or more circuit components, including but not limited to processing circuits, network interfaces, peripheral devices, input devices, output devices, sensors, etc. In some embodiments, the exhaust post-treatment control circuit 210 can take the form of one or more analog circuits, electronic circuits (e.g., integrated circuits (ICs), discrete circuits, system-on-chip (SOCs) circuits, microcontrollers, etc.), telecommunications circuits, hybrid circuits, and any other type of "circuit". In this regard, the exhaust post-treatment control circuit 210 may include any type of component for completing or facilitating the operation described herein. For example, the circuit described herein may include one or more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, etc.), resistors, multiplexers, registers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, etc. The exhaust post-treatment control circuit 210 may also include programmable hardware devices, such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, or similar devices. The exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may include one or more storage devices for storing instructions executable by a processor of the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210. The one or more storage devices and the processor may have the same definitions as the storage device 206 and the processor 204. In some hardware unit configurations, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may be geographically dispersed at different locations within the vehicle. Alternatively, as shown, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may be embodied in or within a single unit / housing, shown as the controller 140.

[0041] In the illustrated example, the controller 140 includes a processing circuit 202 having a processor 204 and a storage device 206. The processing circuit 202 may be constructed or configured to execute or implement the instructions, commands, and / or control processes described herein with respect to the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210. The depicted configuration represents the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 as a machine or computer readable medium storing instructions. However, as described above, such description is not intended to be limiting, as the present disclosure contemplates other embodiments in which the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 or at least one of its circuits is configured as a hardware unit. All of these combinations and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0042] Processor 204 may be implemented as at least one suitable processor, such as a single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components and / or any combination designed to perform at least part of the functions described herein. The processor may be a processor, a microprocessor, a group of processors, etc. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of multiple computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such suitable configuration. Therefore, one or more processors may take the form of a single-core processor, a multi-core processor (e.g., a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, etc.), and so on. In some embodiments, one or more processors may be shared by multiple circuits (e.g., the exhaust gas aftertreatment control circuit 210 may include or otherwise share the same processor, which may execute instructions stored or otherwise accessed through different memory areas in some example embodiments). Alternatively, one or more processors may be configured to perform certain operations independently of one or more coprocessors. In other example embodiments, two or more processors may be coupled via a bus to implement independent, parallel, pipelined or multi-threaded instruction execution. All such variations are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0043] The storage device 206 (e.g., memory, storage unit, storage device) may include one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk storage) for storing data and / or computer code to complete or facilitate the various processes, layers, and modules described in the present disclosure. For example, the storage device 206 may include a dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The storage device 206 may be communicatively connected to the processor 204 to provide computer code or instructions to the processor 204 for performing at least part of the processes described herein. In addition, the storage device 206 may be or include a tangible, non-transient volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Therefore, the storage device 206 may include a database component, an object code component, a script component, or any other type of information structure to support the various activities and information structures described herein.

[0044] The communication interface 208 may include any combination of wired and / or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, line terminals) for communicating data with various systems, devices, or networks structured to support in-vehicle communications (e.g., between components of the vehicle) and out-of-vehicle communications (e.g., with a remote server). For example, with respect to out-of-vehicle / system communications, the communication interface 208 may include an Ethernet card and port for sending and receiving data over an Ethernet-based communication network, and / or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating over a wireless communication network. The communication interface 208 may be configured to communicate over a local area network or a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), and may use a variety of communication protocols (e.g., IP, LON, Bluetooth, ZigBee, radio, cellular, near field communication).

[0045] The exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 is configured to control the operation of the engine system (e.g., the engine 101 and / or the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 or its components / systems) based on one or more inputs (e.g., user input, target range, target value, third-party target range or value (e.g., limits or targets set by third parties, such as regulators, government agencies, etc.), sensor data (e.g., data from sensors 130), and / or other inputs. Therefore, in some embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can be configured to receive input (e.g., through sensors 130, operator I / O devices 150, communication interface 208). In some embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can be configured to control the operation of the sensors 130. For example, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can be configured to generate one or more control signals and transmit the control signals to one or more sensors 130 (e.g., obtain data, etc.). The control signal may cause one or more sensors 130 to sense and / or detect sensor data and / or provide sensor data to the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210. In some embodiments, exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may be configured to estimate sensor data (e.g., when sensor 130 is a virtual sensor). In any of these embodiments, the sensor data may include exhaust gas constituent data (e.g., values, concentrations, etc. of one or more exhaust gas constituents), temperature data, flow data, pressure data, and / or other data related to the operation of exhaust aftertreatment system 120. Exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 is also configured to receive sensor data and provide the sensor data to other components of controller 140, such as processing circuit 202.

[0046] The exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can control the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 and / or one or more components thereof, such as the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126, based on the received input. In an example embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 is configured to generate control commands for controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 and / or one or more components thereof. For example, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can analyze one or more inputs to determine one or more exhaust aftertreatment system outputs that satisfy one or more constraints. In some embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can be further configured to control the operation of the engine 101. For example, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 can analyze one or more inputs to determine one or more engine outputs that satisfy one or more constraints.

[0047] In any of the above embodiments, the inputs may include one or more temperature values, such as the temperature of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 components (e.g., the temperature of the DOC 124, the DPF 125, the first SCR 122, and / or the second SCR 128) and / or the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out of the engine 101 and through the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 at one or more locations (e.g., at a location upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, inside the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, or downstream of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120). The inputs may also include one or more pressure values, such as the pressure change of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 components (e.g., the difference between the pressure downstream of the component and the pressure upstream of the component). The inputs may also include one or more target values ​​or ranges, such as a target NO x Value or targetNO x The target value or range may be for a specific location within the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, such as an exhaust aftertreatment system inlet (e.g., an engine exhaust outlet), an inlet of the first SCR 122, an outlet of the first SCR 122, an inlet of the second SCR 128, an outlet of the second SCR 128, an outlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 (e.g., a tailpipe), and / or an inlet or outlet of other components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. More examples of received inputs and controls are described in detail in relation to Figure 3-5 A more detailed description is given in the content.

[0048] Now refer to Figure 3 , a schematic diagram showing aspects of an exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 is shown according to an example embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may include one or more subcomponents, shown as an exhaust aftertreatment manager 212, an upstream SCR manager 214, a downstream SCR manager 216, and a particulate manager 218. Figure 2 Similar to the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 described above, the subcomponents of the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 may be embodied as software, hardware units, or a combination of both. In other embodiments, one or more of the upstream SCR manager 214, the downstream SCR manager 216, and the particulate manager 218 are communicatively coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210 and are separate from the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210.

[0049] In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust aftertreatment manager 212 receives upstream SCR data from the upstream SCR manager 214, downstream SCR data from the downstream SCR manager 216, and particulate filter data from the particulate manager 218. In some embodiments, one or more of the upstream SCR data, the downstream SCR data, or the particulate filter data may be stored by the storage device 206 and retrieved by one or more components of the controller 140 (e.g., the exhaust aftertreatment control circuit 210). The upstream SCR data may be associated with a first exhaust aftertreatment system component (e.g., the first SCR 122). The upstream SCR data may include one or more first input targets and / or one or more first input values. For example, the upstream SCR data may include a first SCR mode, an engine outlet temperature target, and an EONO. x The first SCR mode may include a normal operating mode, an ammonia slip control mode, or a predictive ammonia slip control mode.

[0050] In the ammonia slip control mode, the exhaust aftertreatment manager 212 controls the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 to reduce ammonia slip (e.g., when ammonia passes through the upstream SCR 122 and / or the downstream SCR 128 unreacted and is ultimately released / exhausted into the environment). In some embodiments, the exhaust aftertreatment manager 212 may adjust the amount of ammonia in the exhaust aftertreatment system (e.g., by increasing or decreasing the amount of reductant provided by the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126), adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, and / or increase the temperature of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 components (e.g., by activating or deactivating the heater 106 and / or causing the engine 101 to increase or decrease the engine output temperature).

[0051] In the predictive ammonia slip control mode, the exhaust aftertreatment manager 212 controls the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 to prevent or substantially prevent a predicted ammonia slip event (i.e., to mitigate ammonia slip that may occur within a predefined time or distance based on various operating conditions). The controller 140 may determine the predicted ammonia slip control mode based on the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust aftertreatment system 120, the temperature of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 components exceeding a temperature range (e.g., above a maximum temperature threshold and / or below a minimum temperature threshold), and / or based on the amount of reductant provided by the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126 and the NO x Values ​​(e.g., NO measured or determined on the upstream side of the upstream SCR 122 and / or the downstream SCR 128) xThe controller 140 can predict an impending ammonia leakage event based on a change in the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. The controller 140 can cause the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126 to adjust the injection value (e.g., injection amount, frequency, etc.). As described herein, the controller 140 can operate the upstream SCR independently of the downstream SCR. In an example embodiment, if the controller 140 increases the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 (or another indicator, such as an indication of NO emission), the controller 140 can predict an impending ammonia leakage event based on a change in the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. x If the controller 140 predicts an ammonia slip event (i.e., an amount of unreacted ammonia exceeding a predefined threshold amount) based on a trend of increasing emissions, the first injection module 121 may be caused to reduce the injection value to reduce the ammonia stored at or near the upstream SCR 122. The reduction of ammonia in the upstream SCR 122 results in more NO x Flows to the downstream SCR 128. In addition, the predicted or confirmed ammonia slip event can also be detected by EONO x The target range affects or drives the engine outlet NO x This may reduce downstream ammonia slip rather than downstream NO x In addition, ammonia slip events (predicted or detected) may increase engine outlet NO x When ammonia slip is predicted / detected in the downstream SCR (two-SCR system), a similar mechanism is used to reduce urea injection to increase NOx at the upstream SCR. x discharge.

[0052] The target engine outlet temperature is a target range for the engine output temperature. The target range for the engine output temperature may be based on one or more current engine operating parameters (e.g., current engine speed, current engine load, etc.). In some embodiments, the EONO x The goal is that the engine outputs NO x Target range of values. x The target range may be based on current exhaust aftertreatment operating parameters (e.g., which may include NO x conversion efficiency, NH3 leakage value, DPF soot loading value and / or other exhaust after-treatment system operating parameters). In other embodiments, EONO x The target is the threshold EONO x value, defines the attempt to convert the actual EONO x The value remains at or below the maximum EONO x In any of these embodiments, EONO xThe target may be determined based on one or more operating conditions, such as steady-state operating conditions or transient operating conditions (e.g., uphill driving, downhill driving, a load that exceeds a predefined amount for less than a predefined amount, etc.). Actual EONO x The value may be from the engine exhaust NO x The NO received by the sensor 130 x value.

[0053] The downstream SCR data may be associated with a second exhaust aftertreatment system component (e.g., the second SCR 128). The upstream SCR data may include one or more first input targets and / or one or more first input values. For example, the upstream SCR data may include a second SCR mode, a downstream SCR NO x target and downstream SCR temperature target. In some embodiments, the downstream SCR NO x The target is the second SCR 128 entrance NO x Target range of values. Downstream SCR NO x The target range may be based on the NO of the first SCR 122 x In other embodiments, SCR NO x The target is SCR NO x threshold, which defines the actual SCRNO x The maximum SCR value to be maintained or attempted to be maintained at or below x In any of these embodiments, SCR NO x The target may be determined based on one or more operating conditions, such as steady state operating conditions or transient operating conditions (e.g., uphill travel, downhill travel, and / or other brief deviations of the system that last less than a predetermined amount of time and correspond to a change in operating conditions, such as torque and / or speed exceeding a predetermined amount to indicate a transient condition). Actual SCR NO x The value may be from SCRNO x The NO received by the sensor 130 x In some embodiments, the downstream SCR temperature target is a target range of temperature values ​​at the inlet of the second SCR 128. The range of the downstream SCR temperature target may be based on the second SCR 128 reducing NO at a desired rate. x In other embodiments, the SCR temperature target is an SCR temperature threshold that defines a maximum SCR temperature value that the actual SCR temperature value is to be maintained at or attempted to be maintained at or below. In still other embodiments, the SCR temperature target is a minimum temperature target threshold (or desired temperature range) for the SCR to promote NO removal by the catalyst. xIn any of these embodiments, the SCR temperature target may be determined based on one or more operating conditions, such as steady-state operating conditions or transient operating conditions (eg, uphill driving, downhill driving, etc.). The actual SCR temperature value may be a temperature value received from the SCR temperature sensor 130 .

[0054] The particulate filter data may be associated with the DPF 125. The particulate filter SCR data may include a DPF temperature target and an indication of whether the DPF requires regeneration or whether passive regeneration is possible. Passive regeneration occurs naturally when the engine system is operating, while "active" regeneration is caused by specific commands (e.g., activating the heater at full power or near full power and running the engine at high speed and high torque values ​​to increase exhaust temperature). In either case, during regeneration, particulate matter (such as soot, ash, etc.) is burned off the DPF to restore or regenerate the operability of the DPF. In some embodiments, the particulate filter data may include an indication of whether injection, heating (via a heater), and / or other commands (e.g., increasing engine power output to increase exhaust temperature, thereby causing regeneration) are likely to result in passive regeneration. The likelihood of passive regeneration may be continuously calculated based on the temperatures of the DOC and DPF, exhaust flow, engine outlet PM, and the current soot load of the DPF. The aftertreatment manager 212 (or more specifically, the target generation circuit 304) may use these values ​​to calculate the NO x Target and temperature target to meet passive regeneration target (i.e., temperature above a predetermined threshold that may cause regeneration). Particulate filter NO x The target range may be based on the NO x The particle filter temperature target is a target range of temperature values ​​at the inlet of DPF 125. The range of the particle filter temperature target may be based on a temperature range for active and / or passive regeneration of DPF 125 (e.g., a temperature at which soot will be burned off of DPF 125). The indication of whether the DPF needs to be regenerated may be based on the amount of soot on DPF 125 detected or estimated by sensor 130. For example, by measuring or otherwise determining a pressure change or pressure difference across DPF 125 using sensor 130, controller 140 may determine that DPF 125 needs to be regenerated if the pressure change is above a threshold.

[0055] In any of these embodiments, a "target" may be a target value (eg, a specific value, which may or may not include an error, such as plus or minus 5%, 10%, etc.) or a target range (eg, a maximum and minimum value).

[0056] In the illustrated embodiment, the aftertreatment manager 212 is configured to output the upstream NO x Target. Upstream NO xThe target may include the NO of the first SCR 122 x In some embodiments, the upstream NO x Targets may include NO at the outlet of the first SCR 122 x The post-processing manager 212 may set the upstream NO x The target is provided to the upstream SCR manager 214. The upstream SCR manager 214 may be configured to determine the target based (at least in part) on the upstream NO x The target output is a first injection command (e.g., to the first injection module 121). In an example operating scenario, the controller 140 (or a component thereof, such as the aftertreatment control circuit 210) may determine the first injection command based on the above inputs to change (e.g., increase and / or decrease) an injection parameter (e.g., injection amount, frequency, injection / injection timing). In some embodiments, when the aftertreatment control circuit is configured to control the engine 101, the output may also include an engine outlet temperature command and / or EONO. x Order.

[0057] In an example embodiment, the first injection command may be provided to the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126. In some embodiments, the first injection command may include one or more control parameters of the first injection module 121 and / or the second injection module 126, such as injection amount, propellant concentration, injection timing, etc.

[0058] See now Figure 4 , a schematic diagram of aspects of the aftertreatment control circuit 210 is shown, according to an example embodiment. In particular, a schematic diagram of the aftertreatment manager 212 is shown, according to an example embodiment. As described above, the aftertreatment manager 212 is part of the aftertreatment control circuit 210. In the illustrated embodiment, the aftertreatment manager 212 may receive exhaust aftertreatment system inputs via the exhaust aftertreatment system interface 310. The exhaust aftertreatment system inputs may include inputs from an upstream SCR manager 314, a downstream SCR manager 316, and / or a particulate manager 318. As shown, the aftertreatment manager 212 includes a target generation circuit 304 that is configured to dynamically generate one or more control signals for controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 based on exhaust aftertreatment system constraints (e.g., target ranges, values, thresholds, etc. received as inputs).

[0059] The target generation circuit 304 may be implemented in the form of software, hardware units, or any combination described herein (e.g., as a processing circuit). As shown, the target generation circuit 304 may be configured for N2O tracking, shown as N2O tracking circuit 306. The N2O tracking circuit 306 may monitor the amount of N2O within the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 (e.g., by detecting and / or estimating the N2O value via the sensor 130). An example of determining the N2O value is described in FIG. 9. In some embodiments, the aftertreatment manager 212 receives information about N2O (e.g., within the exhaust aftertreatment system 120) from the target generation circuit 304. In some embodiments, the information about N2O includes the N2O value. In some embodiments, the N2O value is an estimated N2O value based on one or more input values ​​described herein with respect to FIG. 9. In some embodiments, the estimated N2O value is a first estimated N2O value at or near the first SCR 122. In some embodiments, the estimated N2O value is a second estimated N2O value at or near the second SCR 128.

[0060] The exhaust aftertreatment system interface 310 enables the aftertreatment control circuit 210 and / or its components (eg, the aftertreatment manager 212) to receive signals including NO x More specifically, the aftertreatment manager 212 may receive upstream SCR data associated with the first SCR 122 from the upstream SCR manager 314. The upstream SCR data may include NO x Tracking data 320 and NH3 data 322. NO x The tracking data 320 may include one or more NO at the inlet and / or outlet of the first SCR 122. x Value. This one or more NO x The values ​​may be measured and / or estimated by the sensor 130. The NH3 data 322 may include one or more NH3 values ​​associated with the first SCR 122. The one or more NH3 values ​​may be estimated by the sensor 130. For example, the sensor 130 may be a virtual sensor configured to estimate a current value of NH3 at the inlet and / or outlet of the first SCR 122.

[0061] The aftertreatment manager 212 may receive downstream SCR data associated with the second SCR 128 from the downstream SCR manager 316. The downstream SCR data may include tailpipe NO x (TPNO x ) tracking data 326 and NH3 tracking data 322. NO x The tracking data 326 may include one or more NO at the inlet and / or outlet of the second SCR 128. x Value. This one or more NOx The values ​​may be measured and / or estimated by the sensor 130. The NH3 tracking data 322 may include one or more NH3 values ​​associated with the second SCR 128. The one or more NH3 values ​​may be measured and / or estimated by the sensor 130.

[0062] Aftertreatment manager 212 may receive particulate filter data associated with DPF 125 from particulate manager 318. The particulate filter data may include an indication of whether DPF 125 requires regeneration. In some embodiments, particulate manager 318 may determine whether regeneration is required based on a pressure drop across DPF 125, a time since the last regeneration, or a combination of both.

[0063] The aftertreatment manager 212 is configured to output a first SCR target 332, a second SCR target 334, and an aftertreatment energy command 336. The first SCR target 332 may be determined based on one or more inputs and / or N2O tracking values ​​described herein. The first SCR target 332 may include one or more commands for controlling the operation of the first injection module 121. For example, the first SCR target 332 may include a command to change (e.g., increase and / or decrease) the amount of reductant injected into the exhaust aftertreatment system by the first injection module 121. The second SCR target 334 may be determined based on one or more inputs and / or N2O tracking values ​​described herein. The second SCR target 334 may include one or more commands for controlling the operation of the second injection module 126. For example, the second SCR target 334 may include a command to change (e.g., increase and / or decrease) the amount of reductant injected into the exhaust aftertreatment system by the second injection module 126. The aftertreatment energy command 336 may include controlling the heater 106 to adjust the temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. For example, the controller 140 may determine a target temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 (or one or more exhaust aftertreatment system components, such as an SCR catalyst) based on the target temperature of one or more components of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. The controller 140 may output an aftertreatment energy command 336 to control the heater 106 (or in some embodiments, a heater command or a hydrocarbon injector) based on the target temperature of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120.

[0064] As briefly described above, aftertreatment control circuit 210 or components thereof, such as aftertreatment manager 212, may be in communication with engine 101. More specifically, as Figure 4As shown, aftertreatment manager 212 may interface with engine software 301 via engine interface 302. Engine software may include software for controlling engine 101. Aftertreatment control circuit 210 may be configured to control the operation of engine 101 via engine software 301. Engine interface 302 may enable aftertreatment control circuit 210 to receive information including NOx of engine 101 from engine software 301. x Engine interface 302 may also enable aftertreatment control circuit 210 to send engine commands to engine software 301 (or, alternatively, directly to engine 101). Engine commands may include EONO x One or more of a target value and / or an engine outlet temperature value.

[0065] See now Figure 5 , a schematic diagram showing aspects of a post-processing control circuit 210 is shown, according to an example embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment, the post-processing control circuit 210 may include one or more subcomponents, shown as NO x Response map 512, N2O selectivity estimate 514, NO2 response map 516 and target selection 518. Figure 2 Similar to the post-processing control circuit 210 described above, the subcomponents of the post-processing control circuit 210 may be implemented in the form of software, hardware units (i.e., separate controllers connected via a controller area network that at least partially form the post-processing control circuit 210), or a combination thereof. x One or more of the response map 512 , the N 2 O selectivity estimate 514 , the NO 2 response map 516 , and the target selection 518 are communicatively coupled to the aftertreatment control circuit 210 and are separate from the aftertreatment control circuit 210 .

[0066] NO x Response map 512 may be a lookup table, model structure, or other structure that compares input to NO x Controller 140 (or a component thereof, such as post-processing control circuit 210) may selectively retrieve response map 512 (e.g., from storage device 206) and utilize response map 512 to determine one or more outputs. For example, NO x Response diagram 512 may receive a first set of inputs including a downstream NO x Upper limit, downstream NO x Lower limit, EONO x value and upstream SCR bed temperature. Based on these inputs, NO x Response map 512 limit NO x In some embodiments, the controller 140 may receive a NO x The range of values.

[0067] The N2O selectivity estimate 514 is at least one of a lookup table, a statistical model (e.g., a regression model), or a data array that estimates the amount of N2O produced by the exhaust aftertreatment system based on one or more inputs. The controller 140 (or a component thereof, such as the aftertreatment control circuit 210) may selectively retrieve the N2O selectivity estimate 514 (e.g., from the storage device 206) and determine one or more outputs using the N2O selectivity estimate 514. For example, the N2O selectivity estimate 514 receives a second set of inputs including an upstream SCR bed temperature, a DOC bed temperature, a downstream SCR bed temperature, and an exhaust flow value (e.g., an exhaust flow rate). The N2O selectivity estimate 514 estimates the amount of N2O produced by the exhaust aftertreatment system 120. In some embodiments, the controller 140 may receive an estimated N2O value.

[0068] The N2O response map 516 may be a lookup table, model structure, or other data array that relates inputs to a range of N2O values. The controller 140 (or a component thereof, such as the aftertreatment control circuit 210) may selectively retrieve the N2O response 516 (e.g., from the storage device 206) and use the N2O response 516 to determine one or more outputs. The N2O response map 516 receives a third set of inputs, including the tailpipe NO x (TPNO x )Target, EONO x Value, from NO x Response to Figure 512 NO x range and the estimated N2O from the N2O selectivity estimation 514. Based on these inputs, the N2O response map 516 limits the range of N2O values ​​using at least one of a lookup table or a statistical model (e.g., a regression model). In some embodiments, the controller 140 may receive an N2O range. The target selection 518 receives inputs of a tailpipe N2O (TPN2O) target and a range of N2O values ​​from the N2O response map 516. The target selection 518 determines the upstream NO based on these inputs. x In some embodiments, the controller 140 may receive an upstream NO x Target.

[0069] refer to Figures 6A-9D , the following article shows and describes the determination Figure 3-5 Examples of target ranges and / or target values ​​are shown in . First refer to Figures 6A-6C , showing the method used to determine the downstream NO x Graphic illustration of a target.

[0070] exist Fig. 6A The upper limit NO of the second SCR 128 is shown in x The first graph has a limit of 600. Figure 6BThe lower limit NO of DPF 125 is shown in x The second graph for limit 602. Figure 6C The upper limit NO is shown on the same graph. x Limit 600 and lower limit NO x Because the upper limit 600 is greater than the lower limit 602, the controller 140 and / or its components (eg, the aftertreatment control circuit 210) may select a NO value between the upper limit and the lower limit 602. x Target value 604.

[0071] Reference now Figures 7A-7C , showing the method used to determine the downstream NO x Graphical illustration of the target. Fig. 7A The upper limit NO of the second SCR 128 is shown in x The first graph of limit 610. Figure 7B The lower limit NO of DPF 125 is shown in x The second graph has a limit of 612. Figure 7C The upper limit NO is shown on the same graph. x Limit 610 and lower limit NO x Because the upper limit 610 is less than the lower limit 612, the controller 140 and / or its components (e.g., the aftertreatment control circuit 210) cannot select a NO value between the upper limit and the lower limit 612. x target value. Instead, the controller 140 may select a NO x The goal is to maximize NO x Reduce, unless there is a system N2O problem. In particular, because the lower limit NO from DPF 125 x The limit value 612 is greater than the upper limit NO from the second SCR 128 x limit 610 (ie, there is no overlap between these limits), the controller 140 may give priority to the upper limit NO from the second SCR 128. x Limit 610 instead of lower limit NO from DPF 125 x In particular, the controller 140 may prioritize more efficient NO removal by the SCR 128. x Reduction, rather than passive regeneration of the DPF 125.

[0072] Reference now Figure 8, shows an illustration of a graph for determining the soot loading rate of the DPF 125. In particular, the graph shows an estimated soot load 620 and a maximum soot loading rate 624. The controller 140 and / or components thereof (e.g., the aftertreatment control circuit 210) may control the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 such that the soot loading rate on the DPF 125 is less than the maximum soot loading rate 624. The maximum soot loading rate (SLR) Max )624 can be determined by the following equation 1.

[0073]

[0074] SL Target The value is the target soot load value when the DPF 125 is regenerated. SL Current The value is the current soot load value. The target regeneration interval is a predetermined time interval between regenerations of the DPF 125. The time since last regeneration is a measure of the time since the DPF 125 was last regenerated.

[0075] Reference now Figures 9A-9D , various embodiments for determining the N2O value are shown. Fig.9A In the embodiment, the controller 140 and / or its components (eg, the post-processing control circuit 210) receive inputs including EONO x Value, first NO x Value is the same as upstream SCR NO x value (eg, at or near the NO of the first SCR 122 x value), an upstream catalyst temperature value (eg, the temperature of the first SCR 122), and NO2 and NO x ratio (e.g., at or near the NO2 value of the first SCR 122 and the NO x The controller 140 may use these inputs along with one or more of the sensors 130 (eg, virtual sensors) to determine an estimated upstream SCR N2O value (eg, an estimated N2O value at or near the first SCR 122).

[0076] exist Fig. 9B In the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 140 and / or its components (e.g., aftertreatment control circuit 210) receive inputs including an upstream SCR NH3 value (e.g., an NH3 value at or near the SCR 122) and a DOC catalyst temperature value (e.g., a temperature of the DOC 124). The controller 140 may use these inputs with one or more sensors 130 (e.g., virtual sensors) to determine an estimated AMOx N2O value (e.g., an estimated N2O value at or near the ASC 122b).

[0077] exist Fig. 9C , the controller 140 and / or its components (eg, the aftertreatment control circuit 210) receive inputs including the system outlet NO x (SONO x ) value (e.g., NO at or near the outlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system 120 x value), upstream SCR NO x value, downstream catalyst temperature value (eg, temperature of the second SCR 128), and NO2 and NO x ratio (e.g., the NO2 value at or near the second SCR 128 and the NO x The controller 140 may use these inputs along with one or more sensors 130 (eg, virtual sensors) to determine an estimated downstream SCR N2O value (eg, an estimated N2O value at or near the second SCR 128).

[0078] exist Fig.9D In the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 140 and / or its components (e.g., the aftertreatment control circuit 210) receive inputs including an upstream NH3 value (e.g., an NH3 value at or near the first SCR 122) and a DOC catalyst temperature (e.g., a temperature of the DOC 124). The controller 140 may use these inputs with one or more sensors 130 (e.g., virtual sensors) to determine an estimated DOC N2O value (e.g., an estimated N2O value at or near the DOC 124).

[0079] As used herein, the terms "about," "approximately," "substantially," and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure relates. Those skilled in the art should understand, when reading this disclosure, that these terms are intended to allow for a description of certain features described and claimed without limiting those features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or insignificant modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as described in the appended claims.

[0080] It should be noted that the term "exemplary" and variations thereof, used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that these embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations (such terms are not intended to indicate that these embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or exceptional examples).

[0081] As used herein, the term "coupled" and its variations refer to the connection of two components together, either directly or indirectly. Such connection may be static (e.g., permanent or fixed) or removable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such connection may be achieved by coupling the two components together directly, coupling the two components together through one or more separate intervening components, or coupling the two components together through an intervening component that is integrally formed as a single unit with one of the two components. If "coupled" or its variations are modified by additional terms (e.g., directly coupled), the general definition of "coupled" provided above is modified based on the literal meaning of the additional terms (e.g., "directly coupled" means the connection of the two components without any separate intervening components), thereby producing a narrower definition than the general definition of "coupled" provided above. Such coupling may be mechanical, electrical, or fluid. For example, circuit A being "communicatively coupled" to circuit B may mean that circuit A communicates directly with circuit B (i.e., without an intermediary) or indirectly with circuit B (e.g., through one or more intermediaries).

[0082] References to element positions herein (e.g., "top," "bottom," "above," "below") are only used to describe the orientation of the elements in the various figures. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may be different according to other example embodiments, and these variations are intended to be covered by the present disclosure.

[0083] Although Figure 2 Various circuits with specific functions are shown in the figure, but it should be understood that the controller 140 can include any number of circuits to perform the functions described herein. For example, the activities and functions of the post-processing control circuits can be combined in multiple circuits or as a single circuit. Additional circuits with additional functions can also be included. In addition, the controller 140 can also control other activities that are beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0084] As described above, in one configuration, the “circuitry” may be implemented in a machine-readable medium for execution by various types of processors, e.g. Figure 2 204 in the processor. The executable code may include one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions, which may be organized into objects, procedures, or functions. However, the executable file does not have to be physically located together, but may include different instructions stored in different locations, which, when logically connected together, constitute a circuit and achieve the intended purpose of the circuit. In practice, the circuit of computer readable program code may be a single instruction, or multiple instructions, and may even be distributed across different code segments, different programs, and multiple storage devices.

[0085] Although the term "processor" is briefly defined above, the terms "processor" and "processing circuitry" should be interpreted broadly. In some embodiments, one or more processors may be located external to the device (e.g., an onboard controller), for example, one or more processors may be a remote processor (e.g., a cloud-based processor) or included in a remote processor. In this regard, a given circuit or component thereof may be located locally (e.g., as part of a local server, a local computing system, etc.) or remotely (e.g., as part of a remote server such as a cloud-based server). To this end, a "circuitry" as described herein may include components distributed in one or more locations.

[0086] Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products, including computer or machine readable media for carrying or storing computer or machine executable instructions or data structures. Such machine readable media can be any available medium accessible to a computer. Computer readable media can be a tangible computer readable storage medium storing computer readable program code. Computer readable storage media can be, for example but not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, holographic, micro-electromechanical or semiconductor systems, devices or equipment, or any suitable combination of the above. More specific examples of computer readable media can include but are not limited to portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memories (RAM), read-only memories (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disc read-only memories (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVD), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, holographic storage media, micro-electromechanical storage devices, or any suitable combination of the above. In the context of this document, computer readable storage media can be any tangible medium, which can contain and / or store computer readable program code for use and / or connection with instruction execution systems, devices or equipment. Machine-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a computer or processing machine to perform a certain function or group of functions.

[0087] Computer readable medium may also be a computer readable signal medium. Computer readable signal medium may include a propagation data signal in which a computer readable program code is embedded, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. This propagation signal may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electrical, electromagnetic, magnetic, optical or any suitable combination of the above. Computer readable signal medium may be a computer readable medium of any non-computer readable storage medium, which is capable of communicating, propagating or transmitting computer readable program code for use by or connection with an instruction execution system, device or equipment. The computer readable program code embedded in the computer readable signal medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, fiber optic cable, radio frequency (RF) or similar medium, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0088] In one embodiment, the computer readable medium may include a combination of one or more computer readable storage media and one or more computer readable signal media. For example, the computer readable program code may be transmitted as an electromagnetic signal through an optical fiber cable and stored on a RAM storage device for execution by a processor.

[0089] The computer readable program code for performing various aspects of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more other programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, or similar languages, and traditional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may be executed entirely on the local computer, partially on the local computer, as a separate computer readable package, partially on the local computer and partially on a remote computer, etc. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the local computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected via an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0090] The program code may also be stored in a computer-readable medium that can direct a computer, other programmable data processing device or other device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium produce a product, including instructions for implementing specific functions / behaviors in the schematic flowchart and / or schematic block diagram.

[0091] Although the illustrations and descriptions may show a particular order of method steps, unless otherwise noted above, the order of the steps may be different from that described and illustrated. In addition, two or more steps may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously unless otherwise noted above. Such variations may depend, for example, on the software and hardware systems selected and on the designer's choice. All such variations are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0092] It should be noted that the structures and arrangements of the devices and systems shown in the various exemplary embodiments are for illustration only. In addition, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be incorporated or used together with any other embodiment disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling an exhaust gas aftertreatment system, characterized in that: include: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value being associated with a first exhaust aftertreatment system component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value being associated with a second exhaust aftertreatment system component; estimating a nitrous oxide value based on at least the first input value and the second input value; determining a first output target based at least on the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; as well as The exhaust aftertreatment system is controlled based on the first output target.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The first input value is a first sensor value detected by a first sensor associated with the first exhaust aftertreatment system component.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a first injection unit of the exhaust aftertreatment system to inject a reductant.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that Also includes: determining a second output target based at least on the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; as well as Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the second output target includes causing a second injection unit of the exhaust aftertreatment system to inject a reductant.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also included is determining a nitrogen oxide target, wherein determining the nitrogen oxide target comprises: determining a nitrogen oxide range based on a first set of inputs regarding at least the first exhaust aftertreatment system component and the second exhaust aftertreatment system component via a nitrogen oxide response model; determining the estimated nitrous oxide value based on a second set of inputs regarding at least the first exhaust aftertreatment system component and the second exhaust aftertreatment system component; determining a nitrous oxide range based on a third set of inputs via a nitrous oxide response map, wherein the third set of inputs includes at least the nitrogen oxide range and the estimated nitrous oxide value; and The NOx target is determined based on the nitrous oxide range, wherein at least one of the first input target or the second input target is the NOx target.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: receiving a first engine value associated with an engine upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment system; as well as An engine output target is determined based on the first engine value and based on at least one of the first input target, the second input target, or the nitrous oxide value.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a heater to heat at least one of the first exhaust aftertreatment system component or the second exhaust aftertreatment system component, wherein the first output target is a temperature target.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a hydrocarbon injector to inject hydrocarbons into the exhaust aftertreatment system, wherein the first output target is a temperature target.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The hydrocarbon injector injects hydrocarbons into the exhaust aftertreatment system downstream of the first exhaust aftertreatment system component and upstream of the second exhaust aftertreatment system component.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the estimated nitrous oxide value is at least one of a first estimated nitrous oxide value or a second estimated nitrous oxide value; wherein the first estimated nitrous oxide value is determined at or near the first exhaust aftertreatment system component based on at least an engine outlet nitrogen oxide value, a first nitrogen oxide value at or near the outlet of the first exhaust aftertreatment system component, and a temperature of the first exhaust aftertreatment system component; and The second estimated nitrous oxide value is determined at or near the outlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system based on a nitrogen oxide value at or near the outlet of the exhaust aftertreatment system, a first nitrogen oxide value at or near the first exhaust aftertreatment system component, and a temperature of the second exhaust aftertreatment system component.

11. A system, characterized in that: include: An exhaust aftertreatment system comprising at least a first component and a second component; A controller coupled to the exhaust aftertreatment system, the controller comprising at least one processor and at least one storage device, the storage device storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the controller to perform operations including: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value being associated with the first component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value being associated with the second component; receiving a nitrous oxide value based on at least the first input value and the second input value; determining a first output target based at least on the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; as well as The exhaust aftertreatment system is controlled based on the first output target.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a first injection unit of the exhaust aftertreatment system to inject a reductant.

13. The system according to claim 12, characterized in that The operations also include: determining a second output target based at least on the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; and Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the second output target includes causing a second injection unit of the exhaust aftertreatment system to inject a reductant.

14. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that The operations also include determining a NOx target, wherein determining the NOx target includes: receiving, by a NOx response model, a NOx range based on a first set of inputs regarding at least the first component and the second component; receiving an estimated nitrous oxide value, wherein the estimated nitrous oxide value is based on a second set of inputs regarding at least the first component and the second component; receiving a nitrous oxide range via a nitrous oxide response map and based on a third set of inputs including at least said nitrogen oxide range and said estimated nitrous oxide value; and The NOx target is received based on the nitrous oxide range, wherein at least one of the first input target or the second input target is the NOx target.

15. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that Also included is an engine disposed upstream of the exhaust aftertreatment system; The operations also include: receiving a first engine value associated with the engine; as well as An engine output target is determined based on the first engine value and based on at least one of the first input target, the second input target, or the nitrous oxide value.

16. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a heater to heat at least one of the first component or the second component, wherein the first output target is a temperature target.

17. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a hydrocarbon injector disposed between the first component and the second component; and Wherein controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing the hydrocarbon injector to inject hydrocarbons into the exhaust aftertreatment system.

18. A non-transitory computer readable medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving a first input target and a first input value, the first input target and the first input value being associated with a first component; receiving a second input target and a second input value, the second input target and the second input value being associated with a second component; receiving nitrous oxide values; determining a first output target based at least on the first input target, the second input target, and the nitrous oxide value; as well as An exhaust aftertreatment system is controlled based on the first output target.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein: Controlling the exhaust aftertreatment system based on the first output target includes causing a first injection unit of the exhaust aftertreatment system to inject a reductant.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 18, wherein: The operations also include determining a NOx target, wherein determining the NOx target includes: receiving, via a NOx response model and based on a first set of inputs regarding at least the first component and the second component; receiving an estimated nitrous oxide value based on a second set of inputs regarding at least the first component and the second component; receiving a nitrous oxide range via a nitrous oxide response map and based on a third set of inputs including at least said nitrogen oxide range and said estimated nitrous oxide value; and The NOx target is received based on the nitrous oxide range, wherein at least one of the first input target or the second input target is the NOx target.

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