Ecological restoration method for hydro-fluctuation belt in plateau arid valley area

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a hydro-fluctuation belt in a plateau arid valley area, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of hydro-fluctuation belts, the ecological restoration method for the hydro-fluctuation belt in the plateau arid valley area comprises the following steps: dividing the hydro-fluctuation belt into an upper planting area, a middle planting area and a lower planting area in sequence from top to bottom, the lower planting area is inclined, a first planting hole is dug in the terraced field of the upper planting area, a water-retaining agent is scattered at the bottom of the first planting hole, and flooding-resistant and drought-resistant plants are planted in the first planting hole, a second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, a water-retaining agent is scattered at the bottom of the second planting hole, and flooding-resistant and drought-resistant plants are planted in the second planting hole. Gabion net belts and sediment storage dams are laid on the lower planting area at intervals, pits are dug in the gabion net belts, long-time flooding-resistant plants are planted in the pits, the upper planting area, the middle planting area and the lower planting area are treated in a targeted mode, a water-retaining agent is added, and water evaporation of soil can be effectively restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of water-fluctuating zones, and in particular to an ecological restoration method for water-fluctuating zones in arid river valleys of the plateau. Background Art

[0002] The drawdown zone refers to the alternating dry-wet zone formed by the seasonal rise and fall of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies, which causes the land in the water-land junction to be periodically submerged and exposed. In the arid river valley areas of the plateau, this seasonal rise and fall is particularly obvious, forming a unique drawdown zone ecosystem.

[0003] Due to seasonal precipitation or reservoir scheduling, water levels will rise and fall periodically, leading to the formation of a drawdown zone. As the water level rises and falls, the land in the drawdown zone will experience periodic wetting and drying. This alternating wet and dry environment has a unique impact on the ecosystem. The drawdown zone is a transitional area between terrestrial ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems. Its ecological and environmental conditions are special and unstable, and it is vulnerable to both natural and man-made threats.

[0004] The drawdown zone in the plateau arid river valley is an integral part of the plateau ecosystem and has unique ecological functions. It plays an important role in the regional ecological security barrier and biodiversity protection. However, this ecosystem is very fragile. In the context of global climate change, coupled with the intensification of human activities such as hydropower development and agricultural planting, it faces a series of problems such as ecosystem degradation and the impact on water security. Therefore, a series of measures need to be taken to protect and manage it. Due to the low and long-lasting rainfall in the plateau arid river valley, low soil moisture content and low river water temperature, this directly affects the growth and survival of plants. The drought conditions make it difficult for plants to obtain sufficient water during growth, and vegetation growth and survival are more difficult.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for ecological restoration of the drawdown zone in plateau arid river valley areas to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for the drawdown zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau.

[0007] The method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0009] S2: When the soil moisture is 60-75% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole, and water-resistant and drought-resistant plants are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 50-60% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole, and water-resistant plants are planted in the second planting hole;

[0010] S3: During the dry season, gabion belts and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabion belts, and plants that can withstand long-term flooding are planted in the holes.

[0011] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012] 20-30 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 35-40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1-3 parts of accelerator, 3-6 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of humus, 5-10 parts of lignin, 5-10 parts of cellulose, 1-3 parts of complex amino acid;

[0013] The accelerator comprises N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6.

[0014] Further, laying the gabion mesh belt comprises the following steps:

[0015] S201: Assemble the gabion mesh into multiple gabion boxes, the height of the gabion boxes is 45-50cm;

[0016] S202: excavate a foundation pit with a depth of 50-65cm in the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone;

[0017] S203: placing a plurality of gabion boxes in the foundation pit and connecting them with wires;

[0018] S204: laying stones in the gabion box, the laying height of the stones accounting for half of the height of the gabion box, filling the gaps between the stones with soil, and laying the soil to the top of the gabion box;

[0019] S205: Adjust the soil moisture to 30%-50% and dig holes in the soil.

[0020] Preferably, laying the sediment dam comprises the following steps:

[0021] S301: Lay the bottom geotextile on the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone;

[0022] S302: Use stones to build the dam body on the bottom geotextile, and fill the gaps between the stones with mortar;

[0023] S303: Lay the top layer of geotextile on the top of the dam body.

[0024] Furthermore, the width of the terrace is 3-5 meters and the height is 70-80 cm. A retaining wall is set at the edge of the terrace, and the retaining wall is made of any one of stone, brick or concrete.

[0025] Furthermore, the diameters of the first planting hole and the second planting hole are both 50-55 cm, the depths of the first planting hole and the second planting hole are both 40-60 cm, the lateral spacing between the first planting hole and the second planting hole is both 30-40 cm, and the longitudinal spacing between the first planting hole and the second planting hole is both 50-60 cm.

[0026] Furthermore, the composite amino acid comprises lysine, alanine and glutamic acid, wherein the weight ratio of lysine, alanine and glutamic acid is 2:1:2.

[0027] Furthermore, the water retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0028] S701: Weigh a certain amount of raw materials according to proportion;

[0029] S702: dissolving starch grafted acrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and an accelerator in water respectively, to obtain a starch grafted acrylate solution, a sodium polyacrylate solution, and an accelerator solution in sequence;

[0030] S703: Mix the starch grafted acrylate solution and the sodium polyacrylate solution, stir evenly, heat to 30-55° C., add the accelerator solution, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0031] S704: adding urea, humus, lignin, cellulose and composite amino acid to the mixed solution in sequence, stirring evenly, at a temperature of 75-85° C., and reacting for 3-5 hours to obtain a pre-product;

[0032] S705: Cool the pre-product to room temperature, filter to obtain a solid product, and wash the solid product with distilled water 2-3 times;

[0033] S706: Dry the washed solid product to obtain a water retaining agent.

[0034] Furthermore, in step S704, the rotation speed during stirring is 500 r / min.

[0035] Compared with the related technologies, the ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. Divide the drawdown zone into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom, and then carry out targeted management of the upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area. Adding water retaining agent in the areas with less water in the upper planting area and middle planting area can effectively inhibit the evaporation of soil water, lock more water for plants, and is conducive to plant growth. In the lower planting area, where there is a large amount of sand and stone erosion, gabion belts and sand dams are laid at intervals to strengthen the stability of the soil and facilitate the growth of vegetation in the lower planting area.

[0037] 2. In the present invention, the accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6. Through reasonable ingredients and proportions, the soil moisture is effectively increased and the supply of moisture to vegetation is enhanced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is an ecological construction diagram of the ecological restoration method of the drawdown zone in the plateau arid river valley area provided by the present invention.

[0039] Numbers in the figure: 1. Upper planting area; 2. Middle planting area; 3. Lower planting area; 4. Terrace; 5. Retaining wall; 6. Gabion mesh belt; 7. Sand dam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and implementation modes.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 ,in, Figure 1 This is an ecological construction diagram of the ecological restoration method of the drawdown zone in the plateau arid river valley area provided by the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0044] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0045] S2: When the soil moisture is 60-75% during the dry season, dig the first planting hole on the terrace in the upper planting area, sprinkle the water retaining agent at the bottom of the first planting hole, and plant water-resistant and drought-resistant plants in the first planting hole. Water-resistant and drought-resistant plants can be selected from Astragalus, Red Sand, Calligonum, Willow, Pomegranate, Amorpha, Bougainvillea, Canna, and Thatch. When the soil moisture is 50-60% during the dry season, dig the second planting hole in the middle planting area, sprinkle the water retaining agent at the bottom of the second planting hole, and plant water-resistant plants in the second planting hole. Plants can be Amorpha, Mulberry, Early Umbrella, Phragmites arundinaceus, and Setaria viridis, and Setaria officinalis is sown at the same time;

[0046] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabions and plants that can withstand long-term flooding are planted in the holes. Plants that can be selected include cattails and reeds, and foxtail grass is sown.

[0047] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0048] 25 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 38 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of accelerator, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of humus, 7 parts of lignin, 7 parts of cellulose, 2 parts of complex amino acid;

[0049] The accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6;

[0050] The composite amino acid comprises lysine, alanine and glutamic acid, wherein the weight ratio of lysine, alanine and glutamic acid is 2:1:2;

[0051] The laying of the gabion mesh belt comprises the following steps:

[0052] S201: Assemble the gabion mesh into multiple gabion boxes, the height of the gabion boxes is 45-50cm;

[0053] S202: excavate a foundation pit with a depth of 50-65cm in the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone;

[0054] S203: placing a plurality of gabion boxes in the foundation pit and connecting them with wires;

[0055] S204: laying stones in the gabion box, the laying height of the stones accounting for half of the height of the gabion box, filling the gaps between the stones with soil, and laying the soil to the top of the gabion box;

[0056] S205: adjusting the soil moisture to 30%-50% and digging holes in the soil;

[0057] Laying a sediment dam includes the following steps:

[0058] S301: Lay the bottom geotextile on the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone;

[0059] S302: Use stones to build the dam body on the bottom geotextile, and fill the gaps between the stones with mortar;

[0060] S303: Laying the top geotextile on the top of the dam body;

[0061] The width of the terrace is 3-5 meters, the height is 70-80 cm, a retaining wall is set at the edge of the terrace, the retaining wall is made of any one of stone, brick or concrete, the diameter of the first planting hole and the second planting hole are both 50-55 cm, the depth of the first planting hole and the second planting hole are both 40-60 cm, the lateral spacing between the first planting hole and the second planting hole is both 30-40 cm, and the longitudinal spacing between the first planting hole and the second planting hole is both 50-60 cm;

[0062] The water retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0063] S701: Weigh a certain amount of raw materials according to proportion;

[0064] S702: dissolving starch grafted acrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and an accelerator in water respectively, to obtain a starch grafted acrylate solution, a sodium polyacrylate solution, and an accelerator solution in sequence;

[0065] S703: Mix the starch grafted acrylate solution and the sodium polyacrylate solution, stir evenly, heat to 30-55° C., add the accelerator solution, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution;

[0066] S704: adding urea, humus, lignin, cellulose and composite amino acid to the mixed solution in sequence, stirring evenly, with a stirring speed of 500 r / min, a temperature of 75-85° C., and a reaction time of 3-5 h to obtain a pre-product;

[0067] S705: Cool the pre-product to room temperature, filter to obtain a solid product, and wash the solid product with distilled water 2-3 times;

[0068] S706: Dry the washed solid product to obtain a water retaining agent.

[0069] Embodiment 2

[0070] The difference from the first embodiment is

[0071] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0072] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0073] S2: When the soil moisture is 60% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole. Dawang, red sand, sand calligonum, willow, pomegranate, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, canna, and thatch are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 50% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole. Amorpha fruticosa, mulberry, early umbrella grass, and reed are planted in the second planting hole, and Setaria viridis is sown at the same time;

[0074] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabions, and cattails and reeds are planted in the holes, and foxtail grass is sown;

[0075] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0076] 25 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 38 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of accelerator, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of humus, 7 parts of lignin, 7 parts of cellulose, 2 parts of complex amino acid;

[0077] The accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6;

[0078] Embodiment 3

[0079] The difference from the first embodiment is

[0080] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0081] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0082] S2: When the soil moisture is 75% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole. Amorpha fruticosa, red sand, Calligonum jujube, willow, pomegranate, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, canna, and thatch are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 60% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole. Amorpha fruticosa, mulberry, early umbrella grass, and reed are planted in the second planting hole, and Setaria viridis is sown at the same time;

[0083] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabions, and cattails and reeds are planted in the holes, and foxtail grass is sown;

[0084] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0085] 25 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 38 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 2 parts of accelerator, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of humus, 7 parts of lignin, 7 parts of cellulose, 2 parts of complex amino acid;

[0086] The accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6;

[0087] Embodiment 4

[0088] The difference from the first embodiment is

[0089] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0090] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0091] S2: When the soil moisture is 67% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, and a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole. Early umbrella grass and mulberry trees are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 55% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, and a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole. Astragalus and red sand are planted in the second planting hole;

[0092] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area, and holes are dug on the gabions to plant Calligonum mongolicum;

[0093] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0094] 20 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 35 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1 part of accelerator, 3 parts of urea, 5 parts of humus, 5 parts of lignin, 5 parts of cellulose, 1 part of complex amino acid;

[0095] The accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6;

[0096] Embodiment 5

[0097] The difference from the first embodiment is

[0098] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0099] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0100] S2: When the soil moisture is 67% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole. Willow, pomegranate, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, canna, and thatch are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 55% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole. Amorpha fruticosa, mulberry, early umbrella grass, and reed are planted in the second planting hole;

[0101] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabions, and cattails and reeds are planted in the holes, and foxtail grass is sown;

[0102] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0103] 30 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 3 parts of accelerator, 6 parts of urea, 10 parts of humus, 10 parts of lignin, 10 parts of cellulose, and 3 parts of complex amino acid;

[0104] The accelerator includes N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:6;

[0105] Comparative Example 1

[0106] The difference from the first embodiment is

[0107] The ecological restoration method of the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area includes the following steps:

[0108] S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined.

[0109] S2: When the soil moisture is 67% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole. Willow, pomegranate, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, canna, and thatch are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 55% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, and the water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole. Salix psammophila, pomegranate, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, canna, and thatch are planted in the second planting hole;

[0110] S3: During the dry season, gabions and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabions, and willows, pomegranates, Amorpha fruticosa, bougainvillea, cannas, and thatch are planted in the holes;

[0111] The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0112] 25 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 38 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 5 parts of urea, 7 parts of humus, 7 parts of lignin, 7 parts of cellulose, and 2 parts of complex amino acids;

[0113] According to the method of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4, Example 5 and Comparative Example 1, ecological restoration is carried out. After the first rise and fall cycle after planting, when the next cycle is carried out, during the dry season, the vegetation coverage rates of the upper planting areas and the middle planting areas of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, Example 4 and Example 5 are all above 90%, and the vegetation coverage rates of the lower planting areas are all above 92%. Through the ecological restoration method of this embodiment, the planted plants can achieve good growth effects. In Comparative Example 1, during the dry season, the plant coverage rates of the upper planting areas and the middle planting areas are all above 80%, and the vegetation coverage rate of the lower planting area is all above 85%.

[0114] The water-retaining agent provided by the present invention is tested for water-retaining performance as follows:

[0115] Two containers were set up, namely a first container and a second container, 800 g of soil and 500 ml of water were added to the two containers, 1.5 g of water retaining agent was added to the first container, and no water retaining agent was added to the second container. The two containers were weighed once every 5 days at room temperature, observed for 1 month, and the evaporation inhibition rate was calculated. The water retaining agents of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were tested in this way:

[0116]

[0117] The results are shown in the following table:

[0118] Inhibition of evaporation rate (%) Embodiment 1 41.3 Comparative Example 1 23.9

[0119] It can be seen from the test results of inhibiting evaporation rate of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 that the water-retaining agent provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the evaporation of water, achieve a certain water-retaining effect, and be beneficial to the growth of vegetation in the dry season. The test structure is consistent with the vegetation coverage rate of the above-mentioned dry season embodiments and comparative examples.

[0120] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valleys of the plateau, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The water-fluctuation zone is divided into upper planting area, middle planting area and lower planting area from top to bottom. The upper planting area and the middle planting area are terraced, and the lower planting area is inclined. S2: When the soil moisture is 60-75% during the dry season, the first planting hole is dug on the terrace in the upper planting area, a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the first planting hole, and water-resistant and drought-resistant plants are planted in the first planting hole. When the soil moisture is 50-60% during the dry season, the second planting hole is dug in the middle planting area, a water retaining agent is sprinkled at the bottom of the second planting hole, and water-resistant plants are planted in the second planting hole; S3: During the dry season, gabion belts and sand dams are laid at intervals on the lower planting area. Holes are dug on the gabion belts, and plants that can withstand long-term flooding are planted in the holes. The water retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of starch grafted acrylate, 35-40 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 1-3 parts of accelerator, 3-6 parts of urea, 5-10 parts of humus, 5-10 parts of lignin, 5-10 parts of cellulose, 1-3 parts of complex amino acid; The accelerator includes N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and polyethylene glycol acrylate, and the weight ratio of the N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide to the polyethylene glycol acrylate is 1:

6.

2. The method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laying of the gabion mesh belt comprises the following steps: S201: Assemble the gabion mesh into multiple gabion boxes, the height of the gabion boxes is 45-50cm; S202: excavate a foundation pit with a depth of 50-65cm in the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone; S203: placing a plurality of gabion boxes in the foundation pit and connecting them with wires; S204: laying stones in the gabion box, the laying height of the stones accounting for half of the height of the gabion box, filling the gaps between the stones with soil, and laying the soil to the top of the gabion box; S205: Adjust the soil moisture to 30%-50% and dig holes in the soil.

3. The ecological restoration method for the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Laying a sediment dam includes the following steps: S301: Lay the bottom geotextile on the lower planting area of ​​the drawdown zone; S302: Use stones to build the dam body on the bottom geotextile, and fill the gaps between the stones with mortar; S303: Lay the top layer of geotextile on the top of the dam body.

4. The method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the terrace is 3-5 meters and the height is 70-80 cm. A retaining wall is set at the edge of the terrace. The retaining wall is made of any one of stone, brick or concrete.

5. The ecological restoration method for the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The diameters of the first planting holes and the second planting holes are both 50-55 cm, the depths of the first planting holes and the second planting holes are both 40-60 cm, the lateral spacings between the first planting holes and the second planting holes are both 30-40 cm, and the longitudinal spacings between the first planting holes and the second planting holes are both 50-60 cm.

6. The ecological restoration method for the water-fluctuation zone in the plateau arid river valley area according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The composite amino acids include lysine, alanine and glutamic acid, wherein the weight ratio of lysine, alanine and glutamic acid is 2:1:

2.

7. The method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water retaining agent is prepared by the following steps: S701: Weigh a certain amount of raw materials according to proportion; S702: dissolving starch grafted acrylate, sodium polyacrylate, and an accelerator in water respectively, to obtain a starch grafted acrylate solution, a sodium polyacrylate solution, and an accelerator solution in sequence; S703: Mix the starch grafted acrylate solution and the sodium polyacrylate solution, stir evenly, heat to 30-55° C., add the accelerator solution, and stir evenly to obtain a mixed solution; S704: adding urea, humus, lignin, cellulose and composite amino acid to the mixed solution in sequence, stirring evenly, at a temperature of 75-85° C., and reacting for 3-5 hours to obtain a pre-product; S705: Cool the pre-product to room temperature, filter to obtain a solid product, and wash the solid product with distilled water 2-3 times; S706: Dry the washed solid product to obtain a water retaining agent.

8. The method for ecological restoration of the water-fluctuation zone in arid river valley areas of the plateau according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S704, the rotation speed during stirring is 500 r / min.

Images