Garden waste matrix material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a garden waste matrix material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of waste plant regeneration, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing crushed garden waste, urea and water, and placing at 28-35 DEG C for 3-7 days to obtain the garden waste matrix material, wherein the dry weight mass ratio of the urea to the garden waste is (0.4-2.4): 100, and the dry weight mass ratio of the water to the garden waste is (2-4): 1. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the urea and the crushed garden waste are stacked for 3-7 days under a certain temperature and humidity condition, so that the nitrogen fixation index of the material can be reduced, the phytotoxicity of the garden waste is reduced, and the garden waste matrix material treated based on the technology completely meets general planting requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste plant regeneration, and in particular to a garden waste matrix material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization, garden waste has been generated in large quantities, becoming the second largest source of urban solid waste after municipal solid waste. According to statistics, my country's annual garden waste generation exceeds 30 million tons, with over 70% being discarded, incinerated, or landfilled, causing serious environmental problems. Meanwhile, cultivation substrates are a key resource in modern planting. my country's annual demand for cultivation substrates reaches 86 million cubic meters. Garden waste is primarily composed of wood materials, primarily lignocellulose, which is rich in nutrients and has enormous potential for substrate utilization. Utilizing garden waste in substrates can both prevent environmental pollution and meet the demand for sustainable substrates in modern horticulture, achieving two goals at once.

[0003] The main components of garden waste are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc., and it also contains a large amount of mineral elements, so it has the potential to be used as a raw material for horticultural substrates. However, when untreated garden waste is used as a substrate raw material, there are two major problems: first, the garden waste substrate often suffers from severe nitrogen fixation during crop cultivation, leading to nitrogen deficiency in crops; second, due to the presence of phytotoxicity, it often has a serious inhibitory effect on plant growth. The commonly used method is to subject these wastes to aerobic or anaerobic fermentation to make them thoroughly mature and stable, and to degrade the phytotoxic substances therein, so that they can be used as a substrate or organic fertilizer for crop cultivation. However, it usually takes a long time to mature garden waste through microbial fermentation, and generally it takes 30-60 days of stacking and fermentation to effectively remove the phytotoxicity of garden waste.

[0004] In order to improve the efficiency of matrix treatment of garden waste and shorten the time cost of treatment, it is necessary to develop a rapid treatment technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a garden waste matrix material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for preparing a garden waste matrix material comprises the following steps: The crushed garden waste, urea and water are evenly mixed and allowed to stand to obtain a garden waste matrix material, wherein the dry weight mass ratio of urea to garden waste is 0.4-2.4:100, and the dry weight mass ratio of water to garden waste is 2-4:1.

[0007] The garden waste is dried, crushed and passed through a 0.2 cm sieve. The standing temperature is 28-35°C and the standing time is 3-7 days.

[0008] Keep ventilation during the static period to ensure sufficient oxygen content in the mixed material and reduce or prevent water evaporation.

[0009] After evenly mixing the crushed garden waste, urea and water, place them at 28-35°C for 3-7 days. If the placement time is too short or too long, the expected effect will not be achieved.

[0010] The second aspect of the present invention provides a garden waste matrix material prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method. The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of a garden waste matrix material in crop planting. The garden waste matrix material can be used as a matrix for crop cultivation or a raw material for preparing a matrix.

[0011] During the mixed stacking of garden waste, urea and water, urea induced the growth of microbial communities, and the easily decomposable and easily nitrogen-fixing components of the garden waste materials were reduced, thereby reducing the nitrogen fixation index. In this process, phytotoxic substances were also degraded. At the same time, urea may react chemically with phytotoxic substances in garden waste, thereby reducing the concentration or activity of phytotoxic substances, and ultimately achieving the dual effects of detoxification and reducing nitrogen fixation.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The technical solution provided by this invention, by stacking urea with crushed garden waste under certain humidity conditions, can reduce the nitrogen fixation index of the material and remove major toxic substances in just 3-7 days. The garden waste substrate treated with this technology fully meets general planting needs. This technical solution can convert a large amount of garden waste from a wide range of sources into a substrate material at a low cost, which is of great significance in addressing the environmental problems caused by garden waste. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] The garden waste was dried, crushed, and sieved through a 0.2 cm sieve for use as the material in the examples. During the processing of the following examples, water evaporation was prevented or reduced as much as possible.

[0015] Example 1 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed at a ratio of 0.4:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 30°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0016] Example 2 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed at a ratio of 0.8:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 30°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0017] Example 3 Mix urea, water and garden waste evenly in the ratio of 1.2:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0018] Example 4 Mix urea, water and garden waste evenly at a ratio of 1.6:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0019] Example 5 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0020] Example 6 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in the ratio of 2.4:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0021] Example 7 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed at a ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 28°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0022] Example 8 Evenly mix urea, water and garden waste in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 35℃ for 5 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0023] Example 9 Evenly mix urea, water and garden waste in the ratio of 2.0:300:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0024] Example 10 Mix urea, water and garden waste evenly in the ratio of 2.0:400:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 5 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0025] Example 11 Mix urea, water and garden waste evenly at a ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 3 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0026] Example 12 Evenly mix urea, water and garden waste in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 4 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0027] Example 13 Evenly mix urea, water and garden waste in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 6 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0028] Example 14 Evenly mix urea, water and garden waste in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), place at 30℃ for 7 days, and ventilate once every 12 hours.

[0029] Comparative Example 1 Experimental materials without any treatment.

[0030] Comparative Example 2 Water and garden waste were evenly mixed in a ratio of 2:1 (dry weight ratio), placed at 30°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0031] Comparative Example 3 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in the ratio of 2.0:200:100 (dry weight ratio), placed at 25°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0032] Comparative Example 4 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed at a ratio of 2.0:100:100 (dry weight mass ratio), placed at 30°C for 5 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0033] Comparative Example 5 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in a ratio of 2.0:200:100 (mass ratio) and placed at 30°C for 5 days without ventilation.

[0034] Comparative Example 6 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in a ratio of 2.0:200:100 (mass ratio), placed at 30°C for 1 day, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0035] Comparative Example 7 Urea, water and garden waste were evenly mixed in a ratio of 2.0:200:100 (mass ratio), placed at 30°C for 9 days, and ventilated once every 12 hours.

[0036] Phytotoxicity evaluation Test Method: The phytotoxicity of a material is evaluated using the seed germination index. A higher germination index indicates a lower phytotoxicity. The test material and water were evenly mixed at a 10:1 mass ratio, extracted with shaking for 30 minutes, and centrifuged for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected for seed germination index analysis. (The seed germination test can be conducted according to industry standards. Ten green vegetable seeds of approximately uniform size were placed in a Petri dish lined with filter paper. The supernatant prepared as described above was added and incubated at room temperature in the dark for 72 hours. The length of each sprout was measured using a vernier caliper. A blank test was performed using purified water as a control.) The seed germination index of the matrix materials for each example and control was calculated. Seed germination index = germination length of the test material / germination length of the seed in purified water * 100%. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0037] Nitrogen fixation evaluation The nitrogen fixation characteristics of the materials were evaluated using the nitrogen fixation index. A higher nitrogen fixation index indicates a stronger nitrogen fixation. 350 mg of nitrogen (N) was added per liter of the test solution in the form of KNO₃ (prepared by mixing the regenerated material to be tested with water at a 10:1 mass ratio. The solution was shaken for extraction for 30 minutes, centrifuged for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was used for nitrogen fixation evaluation). The solution was incubated at 28°C for 4 days, with purified water used as a control for a blank test. The nitrogen fixation index was calculated based on the difference in mineral nitrogen content between the initial (C1) and final (C2) incubation times. The nitrogen fixation index is calculated as (C1 - C2) / C1 * 100%. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 As shown in Table 1, the seed germination index of garden waste treated using the preparation method of the present invention was significantly improved in just 3-7 days, reaching over 90% after treatment, indicating significant removal of major phytotoxic substances. Furthermore, in nitrogen fixation evaluation, the nitrogen fixation index of the substrate materials obtained using the method of the present invention was below 20%, with some even exceeding 10%. The garden waste substrate materials provided by the present invention are fully capable of serving as a substrate to meet general planting needs. In contrast, the seed germination index of untreated garden waste was 0%, far below the required substrate quality. In the treatment method of Control Example 2, which omitted urea treatment, the treatment effect was similar to that of Control Example 1, failing to remove phytotoxic substances from the garden waste. The nitrogen fixation index of the treated material remained high. Furthermore, altering the storage temperature, treatment time, water usage, and storage environment all affected the garden waste treatment effect, significantly reducing the removal of phytotoxic substances from the garden waste and increasing the nitrogen fixation index.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a garden waste matrix material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The crushed garden waste, urea and water are mixed evenly and then allowed to stand to obtain a garden waste matrix material, wherein the dry weight mass ratio of urea to garden waste is 0.4-2.4:100, and the dry weight mass ratio of water to garden waste is 2-4:

1.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The garden waste is dried, crushed and passed through a 0.2 cm sieve.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The standing temperature is 28-35°C and the standing time is 3-7 days.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Keep ventilation during the static period to ensure sufficient oxygen content in the mixed material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Reduce or prevent water evaporation during standing.

6. A garden waste matrix material, characterized in that: The compound is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Use of the garden waste matrix material according to claim 6 in crop planting.

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