An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of alloy material preparation, and particularly to an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics and a preparation method thereof. The present invention provides an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics, which comprises the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.75 - 0.85%; Mg: 0.70 - 0.80%; Ti: 0.05 - 0.20%; Zr: 0.05 - 0.18%; Mn: 0.01 - 0.03%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum, wherein the aluminum alloy material further satisfies the conditions of 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18 and 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%. The aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics provided by the present invention can be used for products such as casting rods and ingots, and can be used for products such as high-pressure casting and extrusion forging subsequently, and its strength and toughness are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of alloy material preparation, and particularly to an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The bracket is an important component for carrying and fixing solar photovoltaic power generation devices. Most solar photovoltaic power stations are built in areas with good lighting, long hours of sunlight, and sparse population (such as deserts, gobi, grasslands, beaches, etc.), and need to withstand harsh environments such as strong winds and sands, heavy snowstorms, or marine humidity. Higher requirements are put forward for key quality indicators such as the strength, weather resistance, and corrosion resistance of the supporting brackets to ensure their overall strength, operation stability, and service life.

[0003] Chinese Patent Application with Publication No. CN113073239A discloses an aluminum alloy material for a solar photovoltaic frame bracket and a manufacturing method. The aluminum alloy material is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Si 0.57 - 0.63%, Mg 0.45 - 0.5%, Mn 0.03 - 0.07%, Cu 0 - 0.05%, Cr 0 - 0.02%, Fe 0 - 0.1%, Zn 0 - 0.02%, Ti 0.08 - 0.12%, and the rest is Al. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy material is ≥270 MPa, the specified plastic elongation strength is ≥250 MPa, and the elongation rate is ≥10%.

[0004] Chinese Patent Application with Publication No. CN114908274A discloses an aluminum alloy for a solar tracking photovoltaic support bracket and a production process for its profiles. The aluminum alloy material is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Si 0.7 - 0.9%, Fe 0 - 0.25%, Cu 0 - 0.1%, Mn 0.2 - 0.3%, Mg 0.5 - 0.7%, Zn 0.1 - 0.2%, Cr 0 - 0.01%, Ti 0.05 - 0.1%, the total content of other impurities is ≤0.15%, and the balance is aluminum. The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy profile is 291 MPa, the specified plastic elongation strength is 271 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 10.5%.

[0005] From the perspective of production practice and the retrieval results of literature, the strength of current aluminum profiles is still relatively low, making it difficult to meet the requirements of future lightweighting. In addition, with the increase in the strength of aluminum profiles, their toughness decreases, accompanied by a decrease in the extrusion speed, thus reducing production efficiency and making it difficult to meet the development requirements of the solar photovoltaic power generation industry for reducing production costs. Therefore, developing a high-strength and tough new aluminum alloy material for solar photovoltaic frame brackets has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to optimize the alloying element composition ratio in view of the above existing problems and deficiencies, solve the problem that the extrusion efficiency and material properties of the solar tracking photovoltaic bearing bracket cannot be taken into account at the same time; provide an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications and its preparation method, improve the strength and production efficiency of aluminum profiles, meet the requirements of solar photovoltaic frame brackets for aluminum profiles, and reduce the production and manufacturing costs.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications, comprising the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.75 - 0.85%; Mg: 0.70 - 0.80%; Ti: 0.05 - 0.20%; Zr: 0.05 - 0.18%; Mn: 0.01 - 0.03%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum.

[0009] Si and Mg can form the Mg2Si strengthening phase to significantly enhance the strength of the aluminum alloy. The contents of Si and Mg cannot be too low, otherwise the strength of the aluminum profile will be insufficient. The contents of Si and Mg cannot be too high either, otherwise the strength of the aluminum alloy will be too high, resulting in difficulty in increasing the extrusion speed. In addition, besides forming the Mg2Si strengthening phase with Mg, Si will also form intermetallic compounds with Fe, consuming part of the Si. Therefore, in order to obtain a sufficient number of Mg2Si strengthening phases, the ratio of Si to Mg must also be strictly controlled. In the present invention, the mass percentage of Si to Mg satisfies 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18. By changing Si / Mg, the Mg2Si strengthening phase in the alloy can be increased, improving the alloy strength.

[0010] The addition of Ti can play a role in grain refinement by increasing constitutional supercooling. During solidification, solute redistribution causes changes in the solute concentration in front of the solid-liquid interface, resulting in changes in the theoretical solidification temperature, thereby forming supercooling in the liquid phase in front of the solid-liquid interface. This supercooling caused by solute redistribution in front of the solid-liquid interface is called constitutional supercooling. Constitutional supercooling can promote grain refinement; Ti combines with Al to form Al3Ti, which plays a role in grain refinement. The Al3Ti phase can serve as the core of heterogeneous nucleation during the solidification of the aluminum alloy, contributing to grain refinement, thereby further improving the strength and toughness of the alloy. In addition, the Al3Ti phase can significantly improve the strength and hardness of the aluminum alloy. It is dispersed in the aluminum matrix, hindering the movement of dislocations, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the alloy; the addition of surplus Ti can weaken the poisoning effect of the Zr addition on the grain refiner.

[0011] The addition of Zr can play a role in grain refinement by increasing constitutional supercooling, which can increase the nucleation rate and reduce the grain growth rate. The increase in supercooling degree will lead to an accelerated cooling rate, so that the grains are cooled down before they have time to grow. In addition, the increase in supercooling degree will also lead to an increase in the free energy difference between the liquid and solid phases, making the critical nucleus radius smaller, thus forming more effective nucleus particles. Adding Zr can form Al3Zr with Al, and Al3Zr can effectively refine the grains of aluminum alloy and play the role of strengthening phase, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the alloy; at the same time, the addition of Zr can increase the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, making it not easy to recrystallize during conventional heat treatment, so as to maintain the high strength and hardness of the material; Zr can promote the dispersion and uniformity of the Mg2Si strengthening phase in the Al matrix, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0013] Furthermore, an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications includes the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.85%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.15%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.02%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum.

[0014] The present invention provides a preparation method for an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications:

[0015] (1) According to the raw material ratio, add preheated pure magnesium ingots, Al-Si, Al-Mn, Al-Ti, Al-Zr master alloys or recycled raw materials containing the above alloys to the molten aluminum at 720°C to 750°C. After electromagnetic stirring for degassing, blow and refine the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace with argon and refining agent, skim off the floating slag and then let it stand.

[0016] (2) Semi-continuously cast the aluminum alloy liquid into an aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications under the conditions of a temperature of 720°C to 750°C and a casting speed of 90 to 110 mm / min.

[0017] Furthermore, the frequency of electromagnetic stirring is 20 to 40 Hz, the time of electromagnetic stirring is 5 to 10 min, the dosage of refining agent is 0.10 - 0.20 kg / t, the refining time is 8 to 12 min or more, and the number of refining times is 2 to 4 times.

[0018] The present invention also provides a preparation method for an aluminum alloy profile suitable for photovoltaic applications, which is characterized by: using "online high-temperature rapid quenching treatment" and "low-temperature long-time aging treatment process" to give full play to the superimposed effect of a series of strengthening mechanisms. It includes the following steps:

[0019] Heat the above aluminum alloy materials applicable to photovoltaics to above 460 - 500 °C, heat the extrusion die to 460 - 470 °C, and the outlet temperature is 530 - 550 °C. Use the air-cooling process to obtain aluminum alloy profiles applicable to photovoltaics.

[0020] Furthermore, perform artificial aging on the obtained aluminum alloy profiles applicable to photovoltaics. The aging temperature is 175 - 195 °C, and the aging duration is 4 - 8 h.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] (1) By adjusting chemical components such as Si, Mg, Ti, and Zr, this invention superimposes various strengthening effects such as excess phase strengthening, dispersion strengthening, and fine grain strengthening of the aluminum alloy.

[0023] (2) Utilize the high-temperature solution effect during the extrusion forming process, rapidly cool through online quenching to form a supersaturated solid solution, and perform aging hardening treatment to uniformly precipitate internal strengthening phases to achieve the strengthening effect;

[0024] (3) The profiles prepared from the aluminum alloy of this invention have a tensile strength ≥ 330 MPa, a specified plastic elongation strength ≥ 315 MPa, and an elongation after fracture ≥ 14%. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 It is a 50x microstructural photograph of the aluminum profile in Example 2;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a 50x microstructural photograph of the aluminum profile in Comparative Example 3. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0027] Example 1

[0028] An aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.75%; Mg: 0.70%; Ti: 0.05%; Zr: 0.05%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately but inevitably present.

[0029] The mass percentage of Si and Mg does not satisfy: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0030] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0031] The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0032] (1)According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, 47.25 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.35 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 1.88 kg of Al-20Si, 0.25 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.25 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn are selected as raw materials for batching, and then manual inspection and fine-tuning are carried out to ensure that the components of the final product meet the expectations;

[0033] Among them, Al-20Si means that in this alloy, the mass of Si accounts for 20% of the mass of the alloy; Al-10Ti means that in this alloy, the mass of Ti accounts for 10% of the mass of the alloy; Al-10Zr means that in this alloy, the mass of Zr accounts for 10% of the mass of the alloy; Al-20Mn means that in this alloy, the mass of Mn accounts for 20% of the mass of the alloy.

[0034] (2)The raw materials are added to a regenerative gas-fired aluminum melting furnace and melted into aluminum alloy liquid at 740 °C, and then an electromagnetic stirring device is used with a stirring frequency of 30 Hz and a time of 8 min;

[0035] (3)The aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace is blown and refined with argon with a purity of 99.99% and 0.150 kg / t of refining agent for 10 min, refined repeatedly 3 times, and left to stand for 25 min after skimming the slag;

[0036] (4)The aluminum alloy liquid is semi-continuously cast into an aluminum alloy round bar, that is, the aluminum alloy material, under the conditions of a temperature of 730 °C and a casting speed of 105 mm / min;

[0037] (5)The aluminum alloy round bar is heated to above 480 °C, the extrusion die is heated to 465 °C, and the outlet temperature is 540 °C, and a thin-walled profile is obtained using an air-cooling process;

[0038] (6)The obtained extruded profile is subjected to artificial aging at an aging temperature of 195 °C and an aging duration of 4 h. After cooling, the high-strength aluminum profile for solar photovoltaic brackets is obtained.

[0039] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Example 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics, with the following components by mass percentage, Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.10%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0042] The mass percentages of Si and Mg do not satisfy: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0043] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0044] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being that:

[0045] (1) According to the composition and mass percentages of the aluminum alloy, 46.60 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 0.50 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.50 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn were selected as raw materials for batching;

[0046] The properties of the aluminum alloy profiles prepared in Example 2 are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.15%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.02%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately but inevitably present.

[0049] The mass percentages of Si and Mg do not satisfy: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0050] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0051] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being that:

[0052] (1) According to the composition and mass percentages of the aluminum alloy, 46.32 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 0.75 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.50 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.05 kg of Al-20Mn were selected as raw materials for batching;

[0053] The properties of the aluminum alloy profiles prepared in Example 3 are shown in Table 1.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.85%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.15%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.02%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0056] The mass percentage of Si and Mg satisfies: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0057] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0058] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being:

[0059] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, 46.20 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.13 kg of Al-20Si, 0.75 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.50 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.05 kg of Al-20Mn are selected as raw materials for batching;

[0060] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Example 4 is shown in Table 1.

[0061] Example 5

[0062] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaics, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.20%; Zr: 0.15%; Mn: 0.03%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0063] The mass percentage of Si and Mg does not satisfy: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0064] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0065] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being:

[0066] (1)According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, select 45.80 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 1.00 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.75 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.08 kg of Al-20Mn as raw materials for batching;

[0067] The performance of the aluminum alloy profiles prepared in Example 5 is shown in Table 1.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.85%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.20%; Zr: 0.15%; Mn: 0.03%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0070] The mass percentage of Si and Mg satisfies: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0071] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr satisfies: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0072] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that:

[0073] (1)According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, select 45.67 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.13 kg of Al-20Si, 1.00 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.75 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.08 kg of Al-20Mn as raw materials for batching;

[0074] The performance of the aluminum alloy profiles prepared in Example 6 is shown in Table 1.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.85%; Mg: 0.80%; Ti: 0.20%; Zr: 0.18%; Mn: 0.02%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0077] The mass percentage of Si and Mg does not satisfy: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18.

[0078] The mass percentage of the sum of Ti and Zr does not satisfy: 0.10% ≤ Ti + Zr ≤ 0.30%.

[0079] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that of Example 1, with the only difference being that:

[0080] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, 45.52 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.40 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.13 kg of Al-20Si, 1.00 kg of Al-10Ti, 0.90 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.05 kg of Al-20Mn were selected as raw materials for batching;

[0081] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Example 7 is shown in Table 1.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] An aluminum alloy material, with the following components by mass percentage, Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0084] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that in Example 1, with the only difference being that:

[0085] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, 47.60 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn were selected as raw materials for batching;

[0086] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] An aluminum alloy material, with the following components by mass percentage, Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.10%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0089] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that in Example 1, with the only difference being that:

[0090] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, select 47.10 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 0.50 kg of Al-10Ti, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn as raw materials for batching;

[0091] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Comparative Example 2 is shown in Table 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] An aluminum alloy material, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0094] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that in Example 1, with the only difference being:

[0095] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, select 47.10 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 0.50 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn as raw materials for batching;

[0096] The performance of the aluminum alloy profile prepared in Comparative Example 3 is shown in Table 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] An aluminum alloy material, with the following components by mass percentage: Si: 0.80%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.22%; Zr: 0.20%; Mn: 0.01%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu ≤ 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum. Among them, Fe, Cu, Cr, and Zn are impurity elements, not added separately, but inevitably exist.

[0099] The specific preparation method is basically the same as that in Example 1, with the only difference being:

[0100] (1) According to the composition and mass percentage of the aluminum alloy, select 45.50 kg of aluminum ingots with a purity of 99.7%, 0.38 kg of magnesium ingots with a purity of 99.8%, 2.00 kg of Al-20Si, 1.10 kg of Al-10Ti, 1.00 kg of Al-10Zr, and 0.03 kg of Al-20Mn as raw materials for batching;

[0101] The properties of the aluminum alloy profiles obtained in Comparative Example 4 are shown in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Alloy properties of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0103] Tensile strength Rm / MPa Proof strength Rp0.2 / MPa Elongation after fracture A / % Example 1 331 315 14.5 Example 2 335 317 14 Example 3 342 319 14.7 Example 4 350 328 15.3 Example 5 344 322 14.8 Example 6 345 323 15.2 Example 7 334 318 14 Comparative example 1 290 270 11 Comparative example 2 310 290 12 Comparative example 3 312 295 12.5 Comparative example 4 325 312 13.5

[0104] Table 1 Alloy properties of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-4. The tensile strength Rm, the proof plastic extension strength Rp0.2, and the elongation after fracture A are all measured by a tensile machine.

[0105] From the alloy properties of Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-3 in Table 1, it can be seen that the alloy materials in Examples 1-7 all meet the requirements of tensile strength ≥ 330 MPa, proof plastic extension strength ≥ 315 MPa, and elongation after fracture ≥ 14%. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, Examples 1-7 have higher strength and plasticity, meeting the requirements of the solar photovoltaic power generation device for high-strength aluminum profiles. It can be seen that an aluminum alloy material of the present invention has excellent room-temperature mechanical properties in extrusion products and is suitable for the thin-wall weight reduction of solar photovoltaic profiles.

[0106] From the comparison of the alloy properties of Example 3 and Example 4 in Table 1 and the comparison of the alloy properties of Example 5 and Example 6, it can be seen that the alloy properties of Example 4 are higher than those of Example 3, and the alloy properties of Example 6 are slightly higher than those of Example 5. The difference is that neither Example 3 nor Example 5 satisfies the mass percentage of Si and Mg satisfying: 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.18, while both Example 4 and Example 6 satisfy. It can be seen that the alloy strength can be improved by an appropriate mass percentage of Si and Mg.

[0107] From Figure 1 - Figure 2 the comparison between Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, after adding Ti element in Example 1, the Figure 1 grain size of the alloy in Example 2 decreases, and the strengthening phases in the alloy are fine and evenly distributed; the Figure 2 grain size of the alloy in Comparative Example 3 is larger. It can be seen that the addition of Ti element can refine the grains, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0108] From Examples 1-7 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that excessive Ti will affect the elongation rate and reduce the elongation rate; excessive zirconium will have a poisoning effect and reduce the strength instead. It can be seen that the components in the present invention, Ti: 0.05~0.20%; Zr: 0.05~0.18%, are the best component mass fraction ranges.

[0109] The above specific embodiments are only explanations of the present invention, and they are not limitations on the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments that do not contribute creatively as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy material suitable for photovoltaic applications, characterized in that, Comprising the following components by mass percentage, Si: 0.75 - 0.85%; Mg: 0.70 - 0.80%, not including 0.70%; Ti: 0.10 - 0.20%, not including 0.10%; Zr: 0.05 - 0.15%, not including 0.05%, not including 0.15%; Mn: 0.01 - 0.03%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu < 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum.

2. The aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 1, wherein The mass percentage of Si and Mg satisfies 1.08 ≤ Si / Mg ≤ 1.

18.

3. The aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, 0.10% < Ti ≤ 0.15%.

4. The aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 1, characterized in that, By mass percentage, 0.15% < Ti + Zr < 0.30%.

5. The aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 1, wherein Comprising the following components by mass percentage, Si: 0.85%; Mg: 0.75%; Ti: 0.15%; Zr: 0.10%; Mn: 0.02%; Fe ≤ 0.10%; Cu < 0.03%; Cr ≤ 0.05%; Zn ≤ 0.05%; the balance is aluminum.

6. A preparation method of an aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) According to the component ratio of the aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaic as described in any one of claims 1 - 5, preheated pure magnesium ingots, Al - Si, Al - Mn, Al - Ti, Al - Zr master alloys or recycled raw materials containing the above alloys are added to the aluminum liquid at 720°C - 750°C. After electromagnetic stirring for degassing, the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace is blown and refined with argon and a refining agent, and after skimming the floating slag, it is left to stand. (2) The aluminum alloy liquid is semi - continuously cast into an aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaic under the conditions of a temperature of 720°C - 750°C and a casting speed of 90 - 110 mm / min.

7. The preparation method of an aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 6, characterized in that, In the step (1), the frequency of electromagnetic stirring is 20 - 40 Hz, the time of electromagnetic stirring is 5 - 10 min, the dosage of the refining agent is 0.10 - 0.20 kg / t, the refining time is 8 - 12 min or more, and the number of refining times is 2 - 4 times.

8. A preparation method of an aluminum alloy profile applicable to photovoltaics, characterized in that, Comprising the following steps: heating the aluminum alloy material applicable to photovoltaic as described in any one of claims 1 - 7 to 460 - 500°C or above, heating the extrusion die to 460 - 470°C, with an outlet temperature of 530 - 550°C, and using an air - cooling process to obtain an aluminum alloy profile applicable to photovoltaic.

9. The preparation method of an aluminum alloy profile applicable to photovoltaics according to claim 8, characterized in that, Artificial aging is carried out on the obtained aluminum alloy profile applicable to photovoltaic, with an aging temperature of 175 - 195°C and an aging duration of 4 - 8 h.

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