Aluminum electrolysis cell crust breaking system and crust breaking control method
By using electrical signal detection unit and control unit in the aluminum electrolytic cell shell drilling system, the reverse movement of the metal hammer head after the shell is successfully washed is solved, and the problems of unstable stroke and high consumption of the shell drilling cylinder in the prior art are improved, and the efficiency and maintainability of the system are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510139660.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-29
AI Technical Summary
The end position detection method of the existing aluminum electrolytic cell shell cylinder has problems such as unstable stroke, large compressed air consumption, fast metal hammer head consumption, and easy to stick, which affects the normal operation of the electrolytic cell.
An aluminum electrolytic cell shell drilling system is designed, using an electrical signal detection unit and a control unit. It is connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve and a carbon brush to achieve reverse movement after the metal hammer head is successfully shelled, reducing the time of immersion in the electrolyte, and ensuring the accurate transmission of electrical signals through wires and sensors.
It improves the reaction speed and accuracy of the shell-beating cylinder, reduces the consumption and risk of metal hammer heads, saves compressed air consumption, extends the service life of the metal hammer heads, and improves the normal operation efficiency of the electrolytic cell.
Smart Images
Figure CN119900055A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and in particular to an aluminum electrolytic cell shell breaking system and a shell breaking control method. Background Art
[0002] In the construction of electrolytic aluminum, the main function of the shelling cylinder is to ensure that the raw materials of electrolytic aluminum can enter the electrolytic cell smoothly. Its working principle is that under the drive of the cylinder and the reversing valve system, a certain impact force is generated by compressed air to break the crust layer formed by the cold air in the electrolytic cell, thereby ensuring that the raw materials of electrolytic aluminum can continuously enter the electrolytic cell. Existing shelling cylinders mostly use cylinder end position detection, such as stroke detection sensors or displacement sensors. However, when the metal hammer head is repeatedly immersed in the electrolyte, it will solidify and form a sticky bag, resulting in different effective strokes for each shelling. Therefore, the cylinder can only return after receiving the end position detection signal, at which time the metal hammer head has been immersed deeply in the electrolyte.
[0003] At present, the cylinder end position detection has the following defects: the cylinder has a long running stroke and consumes a lot of compressed air; the metal hammer head is immersed deeply in the electrolyte for a long time, the metal hammer head is consumed quickly, and the consumed metal hammer head material is mainly iron, which reacts and decomposes in the aluminum solution, affecting the quality of the aluminum; in addition, the metal hammer head is immersed deeply in the electrolyte for a long time, and the metal hammer head is easy to stick to the electrolyte to form a sticky bag. First, it will increase the labor intensity of the electrolytic worker to manually remove the bag. Second, excessive sticky bags will affect the normal feeding of the electrolytic cell, thereby affecting the normal operation of the electrolytic cell and even causing the anode effect. Third, it will increase the heat dissipation of the electrolytic cell and increase power consumption. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention is aimed at the above-mentioned problems and specifically designs an aluminum electrolytic cell shell breaking system and a shell breaking control method, so as to solve the drawbacks of the existing shell breaking cylinder end position detection method.
[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an aluminum electrolytic cell shelling system, comprising an electrolytic cell, a shelling cylinder, a metal hammer, an electric signal detection unit and a control unit, wherein the shelling cylinder is provided with an electromagnetic reversing valve; the shelling cylinder is insulated and installed in the electrolytic cell, the metal hammer is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the shelling cylinder, and the electromagnetic reversing valve is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit, the electric signal detection unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit, and the electric signal detection unit comprises a wire and a sensor; when the metal hammer successfully shells, the sensor feeds back a signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the piston rod to move in the opposite direction.
[0006] Furthermore, the electrolytic cell includes a cell body, an anode and a cathode, the anode is arranged above the cell body, at least a portion of the anode is immersed in the electrolyte, the cathode is arranged at the bottom of the cell body and is covered by a certain amount of aluminum liquid, and the electrolyte is between the anode and the cathode; direct current is passed into the electrolytic cell, the anode is connected to the positive pole of the direct current, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the direct current, and a shell layer is formed above the electrolyte.
[0007] Furthermore, the sensor is a voltage sensor, and both ends of the voltage sensor are connected to the piston rod and the slot body of the shell-breaking cylinder through the wires respectively. The wires are connected to the piston rod through carbon brushes, and the voltage sensor is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit.
[0008] Optionally, the sensor is a current sensor, one end of the current sensor is connected to the slot body through the wire, and the other end is sequentially connected to the power supply and the piston rod of the shelling cylinder through the wire. The wire is connected to the piston rod through a carbon brush, and the current sensor is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit.
[0009] Furthermore, the carbon brush is installed on the front end cover of the shelling cylinder through a fixer, and the carbon brush is slidably connected to the piston rod. The wire between the carbon brush and the rear end cover of the shelling cylinder is arranged along the pull rod of the shelling cylinder, and the wire is connected to the lead wire of the carbon brush.
[0010] Furthermore, a shell surface monitoring unit is installed in the tank body, and the shell surface monitoring unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit.
[0011] Furthermore, the shelling cylinder is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is communicatively connected to an output end of the control unit.
[0012] Furthermore, the shell surface monitoring unit is an infrared thermal imaging sensor or an infrared temperature sensor, and a buzzer is installed on the outer insulation of the electrolytic cell, and the buzzer is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit.
[0013] The present invention also includes a shell breaking control method of an aluminum electrolytic cell shell breaking system, comprising the following steps: 1) When the shell surface monitoring unit detects that the electrolytic cell is crusted, it outputs a signal to the control unit, and the control unit outputs a shell breaking instruction to the shell breaking cylinder; 2) When the shelling cylinder drives the metal hammer to feed and shell, the sensor in the electrical signal detection unit is used to sense whether there is a signal input and feed the result back to the control unit. If the signal input is detected, the control unit outputs a reversing command to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the shelling cylinder to return. If no signal input is detected, the control unit outputs a pressurizing command to the supercharger to start the high-pressure shelling of the shelling cylinder; During the feeding process of the metal hammer driven by the piston rod of the shell-breaking cylinder, the carbon brush connected to the wire is slidably connected to the piston rod. When the metal hammer successfully breaks the shell and contacts the electrolyte, the electrical signal is transmitted between the metal hammer, the piston rod, the carbon brush, the wire, the sensor of the electrical signal detection unit and the tank body, so that the sensor of the electrical signal detection unit obtains the signal input; 3) After the shelling cylinder uses high pressure to break the shell, the electrical signal detection unit will detect the shell state for the second time. If the shelling is successful, the electrolysis operation of the electrolytic cell will proceed normally. If the shelling is unsuccessful, a signal will be output to the control unit, and the control unit will output an alarm command to the buzzer. 4) Perform manual intervention or additional injection.
[0014] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial technical effects: 1. When the metal hammer successfully breaks the shell, the sensor in the electrical signal detection unit feeds back the signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the piston rod of the shell-breaking cylinder to move in the opposite direction. Compared with the existing shell-breaking cylinder end position detection, the reaction speed and error are small, thereby reducing the time the metal hammer is immersed in the electrolyte.
[0015] 2. The electric signal detection unit of the present invention is connected to the conductive slot body by a wire, and the electric signal transmitted by the slot body is used for detection. This connection method ensures the accurate transmission of the electric signal and the effective operation of the detection unit. The sensor is external, which is convenient for installation, maintenance and replacement, and improves the flexibility and maintainability of the shelling system.
[0016] 3. The voltage or current sensor is used to sense whether the fire hole is open. The potential difference between the electrolyte and the cell body of the electrolytic cell and the current in the electrolyte are used to improve the timeliness of the shell-breaking cylinder induction, thereby shortening the operating stroke of the shell-breaking cylinder and saving compressed air consumption. The metal hammer head is immersed in the electrolyte shallowly, thereby extending the service life and reducing material consumption. In addition, the metal hammer head is immersed in the electrolyte for a short time, reducing the reaction and mixing of the iron component in the metal hammer head, and the purity of the aluminum liquid is better.
[0017] 4. The carbon brush is used to connect the wire and the piston rod of the shell-breaking cylinder to achieve the transmission of electrical signals between the two. When the metal hammer head contacts the electrolyte, the electrical energy is transmitted from the metal hammer head, the piston rod, and then through the conductive medium of the carbon brush to the lead wire of the carbon brush, and then the electrical signal is transmitted to the voltage or current sensor end through the wire to ensure smooth and stable transmission of the electrical signal.
[0018] 5. To avoid damage to the wires during the movement of the piston rod, store the wires neatly and orderly on the pull rod of the shelling cylinder to increase the service life of the wires and make the shelling system more tidy as a whole.
[0019] 6. The shell surface monitoring unit in the present invention is used to detect and determine whether there is crust in the electrolytic cell. Through real-time monitoring and information feedback, the crust is removed in time to ensure smooth material discharge.
[0020] 7. If the shelling is unsuccessful in one attempt, use the supercharger to pressurize the shelling cylinder and perform a second shelling.
[0021] 8. After the second shelling, the electrical signal detection unit reviews the shelling result. If the shelling fails again, the buzzer will be activated and manual intervention will be carried out in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.
[0023] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are: 1. Shell-breaking cylinder; 2. Metal hammer; 3. Trough body; 4. Anode; 5. Cathode; 6. Liquid aluminum; 7. Electrolyte; 8. Shell layer; 9. Wire; 10. Voltage sensor; 11. Power supply; 12. Current sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions; the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments; the embodiments and directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention; based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings: The following is combined with Figure 1-Figure 3 The present invention is described in further detail: Embodiment 1 like Figure 1As shown, the present embodiment discloses a shelling system for an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising an electrolytic cell, a shelling cylinder 1, a metal hammer 2, an electromagnetic reversing valve, an electric signal detection unit and a control unit. The shelling cylinder 1 is provided with an electromagnetic reversing valve, and the cylinder end of the shelling cylinder 1 is insulated and installed in the electrolytic cell. The metal hammer 2 is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the shelling cylinder 1 through a floating joint. The electromagnetic reversing valve is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit, and the electric signal detection unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit. The control unit is an existing feedback control technology, which is not described in detail here. The electric signal detection unit comprises a wire 9 and a sensor. When the metal hammer 2 successfully shells, the sensor in the electric signal detection unit feeds back a signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the piston rod of the shelling cylinder 1 to move in the opposite direction. The electrolytic cell comprises a cell body 3, an anode 4 and a cathode 5. The anode 4 is arranged above the cell body 3, and at least part of the anode 4 is immersed in the electrolyte 7. The cathode 5 is arranged at the bottom of the cell body 3 and is covered by a certain amount of aluminum liquid 6. The electrolyte 7 is between the anode 4 and the cathode 5, and a shell layer 8 is formed above the electrolyte 7. Direct current is supplied to the electrolytic cell, the anode 4 is connected to the positive pole of the direct current, and the cathode 5 is connected to the negative pole of the direct current. During normal operation, the voltage between the anode 4 and the cathode 5 is 4 volts. The sensor is a voltage sensor 10. A notch is provided in the insulating layer of the tank body 3. The two ends of the voltage sensor 10 are respectively connected to the piston rod of the shelling cylinder 1 and the tank body 3 at the notch through a wire 9. The wire 9 is connected to the piston rod through a carbon brush. The voltage sensor 10 is connected to the input end of the control unit in communication. The carbon brush is connected to the front end cover of the shelling cylinder 1 through a fixer and a fastener. The carbon brush is slidably connected to the piston rod of the shelling cylinder 1 in the middle, and the wire 9 located between the carbon brush and the rear end cover of the shelling cylinder 1 is arranged along the pull rod of the shelling cylinder 1, and the wire 9 is connected to the lead-out wire of the carbon brush; a shell surface monitoring unit is installed in the tank body 3, preferably: an infrared thermal imaging sensor, an infrared temperature sensor, and the shell surface monitoring unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit; the shelling cylinder 1 is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit; a buzzer is installed on the outer insulation of the electrolytic cell, and the buzzer is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit.
[0025] Embodiment 2 like Figure 2 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: the electrical signal detection unit includes a wire 9, a DC power supply 11 and a current sensor 12 of model LT508-S6, the insulating layer of the tank body 3 is provided with a notch, one end of the current sensor 12 is connected to the tank body 3 at the notch through the wire 9, and the other end is connected to the power supply 11 and the piston rod of the shell breaking cylinder 1 in sequence through the wire 9, the wire 9 is connected to the piston rod through a carbon brush, and the current sensor 12 is connected to the input end of the control unit for communication, when the metal hammer head 2 contacts the electrolyte 7, the shell breaking cylinder 1, the power supply 11, the current sensor 12 and the tank body 3 connected by the wire 9 will form a passage, and the other technical features are the same.
[0026] Embodiment 3 like Figure 3 As shown, a shell breaking control method of a shell breaking system of an aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention is: Step 1: When the shell surface monitoring unit detects that the electrolytic cell is crusted, it outputs a signal to the control unit, and the control unit outputs a shell breaking instruction to the shell breaking cylinder 1. At this time, the piston rod and the metal hammer head 2 of the shell breaking cylinder 1 are in the lifting position, and there is no signal input to the sensor in the electrical signal detection unit, so there is no output signal; Step 2: When the piston rod of the shelling cylinder 1 drives the metal hammer 2 to feed and shell, the electric signal detection unit is used to detect the state of the shell layer 8 to determine whether the shelling is successful. If the metal hammer 2 contacts the electrolyte 7, the sensor in the electric signal detection unit will sense the signal input, which means that the shelling is successful, and then output a signal to the control unit. The control unit outputs a reversing command to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the shelling cylinder 1 to return. If the signal input is not sensed, it means that the shelling is unsuccessful, and the signal is also output to the control unit. The control unit outputs a delayed pressurization command to the supercharger. When the piston rod drives the metal hammer 2 to feed, the carbon brush connected to the wire 9 is slidably connected to the piston rod. When the metal hammer 2 successfully shells and contacts the electrolyte 7, the electric signal is transmitted between the metal hammer 2, the piston rod, the carbon brush, the wire 9, the sensor in the electric signal detection unit and the tank body 3. The voltage sensor 10 uses the principle that there is a potential difference between the electrolyte 7 and the tank body 3 in the electrolytic cell, and the current sensor 12 uses the principle of the current path in the electrolyte 7 to sense whether the fire eye is opened. Step 3: After the shelling cylinder 1 finishes high-pressure shelling, the electrical signal detection unit detects the state of the shell layer 8 of the electrolytic cell for the second time. If the shelling is successful, the electrolysis operation of the electrolytic cell proceeds normally. If the shelling is unsuccessful, a signal is output to the control unit, and the control unit outputs an alarm instruction to the buzzer; Step 4: Timely manual intervention or re-injection.
[0027] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments can still be modified, or some of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. An aluminum electrolytic cell shelling system, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electrolytic cell, a shell-breaking cylinder, a metal hammer, an electric signal detection unit and a control unit, wherein the shell-breaking cylinder is provided with an electromagnetic reversing valve; the shell-breaking cylinder is insulated and installed in the electrolytic cell, the metal hammer is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the shell-breaking cylinder, the electromagnetic reversing valve is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit, the electric signal detection unit is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit, and the electric signal detection unit comprises a wire and a sensor; when the metal hammer successfully shells, the sensor feeds back a signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the piston rod to move in the reverse direction.
2. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolytic cell comprises a cell body, an anode and a cathode, wherein the anode is arranged above the cell body, at least a portion of the anode is immersed in an electrolyte, the cathode is arranged at the bottom of the cell body and is covered by a certain amount of aluminum liquid, and the electrolyte is between the anode and the cathode; direct current is passed into the electrolytic cell, the anode is connected to the positive pole of the direct current, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the direct current, and a shell layer is formed above the electrolyte.
3. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor is a voltage sensor, and both ends of the voltage sensor are connected to the piston rod and the slot body of the shell-breaking cylinder through the wires. The wires are connected to the piston rod through carbon brushes, and the voltage sensor is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit.
4. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sensor is a current sensor, one end of which is connected to the slot body through the wire, and the other end is connected to the power supply and the piston rod of the shell-breaking cylinder in sequence through the wire. The wire is connected to the piston rod through a carbon brush, and the current sensor is communicatively connected to the input end of the control unit.
5. The shell breaking system of an aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that: The carbon brush is installed on the front end cover of the shelling cylinder through a fixer, and the carbon brush is slidably connected to the piston rod. The wire between the carbon brush and the rear end cover of the shelling cylinder is arranged along the pull rod of the shelling cylinder, and the wire is connected to the lead wire of the carbon brush.
6. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: A shell surface monitoring unit is installed in the tank body, and the shell surface monitoring unit is communicatively connected to an input end of the control unit.
7. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shelling cylinder is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is communicatively connected to an output end of the control unit.
8. The shell breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shell surface monitoring unit is an infrared thermal imaging sensor or an infrared temperature sensor. A buzzer is installed on the outside of the electrolytic cell insulated, and the buzzer is communicatively connected to the output end of the control unit.
9. A shell breaking control method for an aluminum electrolytic cell shell breaking system, characterized in that: The steps of controlling the aluminum electrolytic cell shell breaking system according to claim 8 are: Step 1: When the shell surface monitoring unit detects that the electrolytic cell is crusted, it outputs a signal to the control unit, and the control unit outputs a shell breaking instruction to the shell breaking cylinder; Step 2: When the shelling cylinder drives the metal hammer to feed and shell, the sensor in the electrical signal detection unit is used to sense whether there is a signal input, and feed the result back to the control unit. If the signal input is detected, the control unit outputs a reversing command to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the shelling cylinder to return. If no signal input is detected, the control unit outputs a pressurizing command to the supercharger to start the high-pressure shelling of the shelling cylinder. Step 3: After the shelling cylinder is used for high pressure shelling, the electrical signal detection unit detects the shell state for the second time. If the shelling is successful, the electrolysis operation of the electrolytic cell proceeds normally. If the shelling is unsuccessful, a signal is output to the control unit, and the control unit outputs an alarm instruction to the buzzer. Step 4: Perform manual intervention or re-injection.
10. The shell breaking control method of the shell breaking system of an aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step 2, during the feeding process of the metal hammer driven by the piston rod of the shell breaking cylinder, the carbon brush connected to the wire is slidably connected to the piston rod. When the metal hammer successfully breaks the shell and contacts the electrolyte, the electrical signal is transmitted between the metal hammer, the piston rod, the carbon brush, the wire, the sensor of the electrical signal detection unit and the slot body, so that the sensor of the electrical signal detection unit obtains the signal input.