Electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of energy regeneration shock absorber, especially electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber, including composite transformer cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator, the composite transformer cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator is composed of cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer share cylindrical core.In the present application, the primary winding and the secondary winding of the high-frequency transformer adopt a wrapping structure to realize reliable decoupling integration.While improving the power density of the magnetic component, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, the excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer is decoupled from the integrated inductance magnetic flux, and the increase of the core loss caused by the overlapping of the magnetic fluxes is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy regeneration shock absorber technology, and in particular to energy regeneration shock absorbers for electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The suspension system consists of springs and shock absorbers. Traditionally, shock absorption is achieved by converting vibration energy into heat energy and dissipating it through the shock absorbers. However, the vibration energy from a vehicle's suspension is recyclable, and the amount of vibration energy dissipated by traditional automotive shock absorbers is considerable. Furthermore, pure electric vehicles have large-capacity battery systems, eliminating the need for additional energy storage devices. Therefore, regenerative shock absorbers for electric vehicles have significant research and development value.

[0003] Research on energy harvesting devices and control technologies for renewable shock absorbers used in pure electric vehicles is still in its early stages both domestically and internationally. Therefore, technological advancements in recovering suspension vibration energy can improve the driving range of pure electric vehicles, improve the atmospheric environment, and save fossil energy.

[0004] Traditional permanent magnet linear generators used in regenerative dampers have low output voltage and insufficient power generation efficiency due to the influence of automobile lightweighting, making it difficult to achieve the best damping, vibration suppression and energy feeding effects.

[0005] In addition, the voltage level of pure electric vehicle batteries is generally 320V or higher, while the linear motors currently used in energy regeneration shock absorbers are mainly designed for 12V battery energy storage devices, so they cannot be simply connected.

[0006] The key to promoting the development of energy-recharged suspension and enhancing the competitiveness of pure electric vehicles lies in designing a new topology for shock absorbers with higher power density and higher voltage level by combining the characteristics of the vibration source and the load (high-voltage energy storage battery).

[0007] Based on this, the present invention designs a new energy regeneration shock absorber for electric vehicles to better solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: the electric vehicle energy regeneration shock absorber includes a cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of a composite transformer. The cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator of the composite transformer is composed of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer. The cores of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are coaxially arranged.

[0009] In any of the above embodiments, a preferred embodiment is a high-frequency transformer with a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure, which is configured with power electronic devices to form a power electronic transformer. The high-frequency transformer with the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure and the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator share the same cylindrical iron core, and the winding coils of the two are placed perpendicular to each other.

[0010] In any of the above embodiments, the preferred embodiment is that the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator includes a generator mover core, a plurality of permanent magnets are sleeved and installed on the outer side wall of the generator mover core at intervals along its axial direction, a cylindrical core is coaxially installed on the outside of the permanent magnets on the outer side of the middle part of the generator mover core, and annular armature windings are installed in each annular stator slot distributed along the axial direction of the cylindrical core, and the cylindrical cores between adjacent annular stator slots form stator teeth, which are used as magnet adjustment teeth;

[0011] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the generator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is an annular armature winding placed in an annular stator slot.

[0012] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the winding coils of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer and the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator are placed perpendicular to each other; this structural design is mainly to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two by placing their winding coils perpendicularly.

[0013] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that the power electronic transformer consists of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier and a dual active DC / DC converter based on a high-frequency transformer with a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure.

[0014] In any of the above schemes, the preferred embodiment is that the dual active DC / DC converter is composed of three parts connected in series: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a boost-type cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated high-frequency transformer, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

[0015] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding and secondary winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are wound in parallel along the axial direction of the cylindrical magnetic core to ensure strong coupling between the primary and secondary windings.

[0016] That is: a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer (a step-up transformer, the winding structure on the left and right sides is symmetrical and rectangular; the primary winding (i.e., the low-voltage winding) and the secondary winding (i.e., the high-voltage winding) are wound in parallel; the primary winding is wound axially on the cylindrical iron core, and the secondary winding is wound in parallel on the outside of the primary winding, with the primary winding wound in the inner layer and the secondary winding wound in the outer layer.

[0017] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the winding shape is rectangular.

[0018] High-frequency transformers and inductors are the decisive factors in the power density of power electronic transformer systems. As high-power high-frequency transformers are increasingly applied in practical engineering, higher demands are being placed on their structural compactness. Many applications involve other magnetic components besides the transformer. For example, in a dual active converter, when the leakage inductance of the transformer prototype itself cannot meet system requirements, an additional series inductor is needed. The size and weight of this inductor cannot be ignored. Therefore, a magnetically integrated structure that integrates the high-frequency transformer and inductor onto the same magnetic core structure is urgently needed. This type of magnetically integrated structure can reduce the size of passive components and increase the overall power density.

[0019] The cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator achieves perfect coupling between the mechanical and magnetic circuits. Through the magnetic field modulation principle, it generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap, which interacts with the stator armature to produce a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0020] Experimental results show that, assuming the volume, stator-motor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and mover operating speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. The single mover and single-layer air gap design of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs to a level comparable to traditional permanent magnet motors, making it suitable for application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0021] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are wound on the same magnetic core structure and magnetically integrated.

[0022] Treating the leakage inductance and the ideal high-frequency transformer as a whole, without changing the requirements for the size of the leakage inductance before and after integration, avoids the adverse effects of excessive leakage inductance on the voltage transformation ratio of the primary and secondary windings.

[0023] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer adopts a cylindrical magnetic core and the primary winding and secondary winding of the transformer adopt a wrapping structure.

[0024] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are all wound along the central axis, and the top view cross-sectional shape of each winding is approximately rectangular. The primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core.

[0025] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the power electronic transformer is based on a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer and is supplemented with power electronic devices. It consists of a three-phase fully controlled rectifier and a dual-active DC / DC converter based on the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer. Among them, the dual-active DC / DC converter is composed of a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier connected in series.

[0026] The armature winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator outputs three-phase alternating current, and the power electronic transformer is used to realize the change of electric energy. The output DC power voltage level that meets the requirements of the pure electric vehicle battery is generally 320V or higher. The three-phase fully controlled rectifier, single-phase full-bridge inverter, cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer, and single-phase full-bridge rectifier are connected in series step by step.

[0027] The iron core structure of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer in the present invention is not the traditional "mouth" type or "day" type, but a cylindrical type.

[0028] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator consists of a primary stator and a secondary mover. The mover is installed inside the cylindrical stator, and there is an air gap between the mover poles and the stator teeth. The mover reciprocates along the axis of the stator.

[0029] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, within the effective length of the cylindrical iron core, the number of stator teeth N S , the number of pole pairs p of the armature winding w and the number of pole pairs p of the permanent magnet m satisfy .

[0030] While improving the power density of the magnetic component, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed. The excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer and the magnetic flux of the integrated inductor are magnetically decoupled in the magnetic circuit, avoiding the increase in core loss caused by magnetic flux overlap. At the same time, since the primary winding, secondary winding, and inductor winding wound in parallel on the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical core, the utilization rate of the core is uniform, eliminating material waste.

[0031] In the present invention, a short-primary and long-secondary structure is adopted, with the armature winding as the stator and the permanent magnet as the mover.

[0032] Preferably, in any of the above solutions, the stator of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator consists of a cylindrical iron core and an armature winding. The inner surface of the cylindrical iron core is grooved to form a structure with alternating teeth and slots. The number of stator teeth is N s pieces, and the stator teeth also serve as modulation magnetic poles to modulate the air gap magnetic field.

[0033] A three-phase symmetrical armature winding is placed in an annular stator slot, and the winding plane is perpendicular to the stator axis. The armature winding is arranged according to p... w Pole winding.

[0034] It should be noted that the moving part in a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is called the mover, which consists of a cylindrical mover core and multiple permanent magnet poles.

[0035] In any of the above embodiments, it is preferred that the mover core is a well-conducting magnetic material coated on a straight shaft and mounted on the straight shaft. The annular permanent magnet poles are mounted on the outer periphery of the mover core, with N and S poles arranged alternately. Within the effective axial length relative to the cylindrical core, the number of permanent magnet pole pairs is p. m .

[0036] Among the above options, the preferred one is a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator: based on the principle of magnetic field modulation, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "speed increase".

[0037] The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0038] Because the direct drive speed of the suspension is very low, the low-speed direct drive regenerative power supply system using a permanent magnet synchronous motor has the disadvantages of low power density and large size.

[0039] Using a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator based on the principle of magnetic field modulation in a direct-drive regenerative power supply system can eliminate intermediate transmission mechanisms, maintain the high efficiency advantage of direct-drive power generation systems, and solve the problems of large size and low power density in the energy conversion of traditional linear permanent magnet synchronous generators.

[0040] The magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator achieves perfect coupling between the mechanical and magnetic circuits. Through the magnetic field modulation principle, it generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap, which interacts with the stator armature to produce a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0041] The experimental results show that, assuming that the volume, stator-motor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and motor running speed of the two motors are the same, the power density of the magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0042] The single-acting motor and single-layer air gap design of the magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs to a level comparable to that of a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator, making it easier to apply and promote in engineering practice.

[0043] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that the moving speed of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the synchronous speed of the traveling wave magnetic field.

[0044] The preferred embodiment of any of the above schemes is the air gap magnetic flux density expression for a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator:

[0045] ;

[0046] In the formula, These are the DC component and fundamental component of the air gap magnetic permeability; It is the fundamental component of the air gap magnetomotive force; It is the higher harmonic component of the air gap magnetic flux density, which is ignored because of its small amplitude.

[0047] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that the moving part of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator has a moving speed of... The effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is The motor transmission ratio can be defined as: .

[0048] For a cylindrical magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator, the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is the mover velocity. The number of stator winding pole pairs in a permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the number of pole pairs in the permanent magnet, while the number of stator winding pole pairs in a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is equal to the number of effective armature teeth minus the number of effective pole pairs in the permanent magnet.

[0049] The effective component for power transmission in the air gap magnetic flux density of a magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator is represented as:

[0050] .

[0051] The theoretically derived magnetic flux density expression shows that the effective component for power transmission in the air gap includes not only the fundamental magnetic flux density (which has the same number of pole pairs as the rotor permanent magnets) but also a faster effective harmonic magnetic flux density. Although the amplitude of the effective harmonic magnetic flux density in the air gap is smaller than that of the fundamental magnetic flux density, its velocity is [a fraction of the fundamental magnetic flux density]. Such a high-speed change in magnetic flux induces a higher electromotive force in the armature winding.

[0052] The armature winding of a cylindrical magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator is not designed based on the number of pole pairs of the air gap fundamental magnetic field, but rather according to the number of pole pairs of the high-speed harmonic magnetic field. This is because the number of pole pairs of the fundamental magnetic flux density of a cylindrical magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator is the same as the number of pole pairs of the effective harmonic magnetic flux density. The two induced electromotive forces in the stator windings have the same electric angular frequency.

[0053] It is the effect of the effective harmonic components in the air gap magnetic flux density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator that makes the phase induced electromotive force expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. This is also the essential reason why the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0054] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field structure and is wound according to an effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field pole pair number.

[0055] It helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power, low-speed direct-drive motors, and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0057] 1. This invention addresses the randomness of automobile suspension vibration and the unique characteristics of high-voltage batteries in pure electric vehicles by proposing a high-voltage conversion ratio and high-efficiency power electronic transformer based on a high-frequency transformer. To reduce the weight and volume of the entire device, the high-frequency transformer is integrated with a generator, thus combining the functions of both a transformer and a generator.

[0058] 2. In this invention, the primary and secondary windings of the high-frequency transformer adopt a wrapping structure. This wrapping structure, along with the primary and secondary windings, forms an orthogonal structure with the inductor winding wound on the magnetic core, creating an independent inductor and achieving reliable decoupling integration. While increasing the power density of the magnetic components, it also forms two orthogonal magnetic fluxes. The high-frequency transformer's excitation flux and the integrated inductor flux are magnetically decoupled, avoiding increased core losses due to flux overlap.

[0059] 3. At the same time, since the primary winding, secondary winding and inductor winding of the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is uniform, eliminating material waste.

[0060] 4. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is based on the principle of magnetic field modulation. It modulates the low-speed magnetic field of the mover into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "speed increase". The stator winding of the magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of the large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor. Attached Figure Description

[0061] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or components are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or components are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0062] Figure 1 This is the circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a partially cross-sectional view of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 4 This is a schematic internal cross-sectional view of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cylindrical iron core of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 6 This is a top view of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated high-frequency transformer of the present invention.

[0068] In the diagram, A is a cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator with a composite transformer; G1 is a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator; T1 is a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer; 101 is the generator mover core; 102 is the permanent magnet; 103 is the cylindrical core; 104 is the annular stator slot; 105 is the armature winding; 106 is the stator tooth; 2 is the power electronic transformer; 201 is the three-phase fully controlled rectifier; 202 is the dual active DC / DC converter; 203 is the primary winding; 204 is the secondary winding; and 205 is the inductor winding. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The specific structure of the present invention is as follows: Figures 1-6 As shown in the image.

[0070] For linear motor-type energy-recharged shock absorbers used in pure electric vehicles, a cylindrical permanent magnet linear generator with a composite transformer is designed as an energy conversion element. This enhances the electromagnetic damping of the electromagnetic suspension, improves aerodynamic performance, and enables efficient capture and recovery of suspension vibration energy. Combining the transformer and permanent magnet linear generator reduces the size and weight of the device while improving the utilization rate of motor materials. The kinetic energy of the reciprocating oscillations of the vehicle suspension drives the cylindrical permanent magnet linear motor to generate electricity, charging the battery.

[0071] In the initial research literature on energy processing of generators for automotive suspension, the electrical energy output by the generator was not effectively utilized, but was dissipated as heat energy through resistance. It could only be used to evaluate the power generation characteristics of the shock absorber motor, and could not achieve the storage of vibration energy and linear control of damping force. Only by adding energy recovery devices such as batteries or capacitors can energy recovery be truly realized.

[0072] Power electronics technology is an effective way to address the unpredictability of renewable energy. Although the introduction of power electronics technology has partially solved the problem of low induced electromotive force, the voltage conversion ratio and efficiency of traditional DC-DC power converters that rely on boost inductors are inversely proportional. When the voltage conversion ratio exceeds 5, the efficiency may be less than 20%. At the same time, traditional boost and buck chopper circuits introduce inductor components with a certain weight and volume.

[0073] Traditional power conversion methods are difficult to meet the randomness of suspension vibration and the special characteristics of high voltage batteries in pure electric vehicles. There is a need for a power converter with high voltage conversion ratio and high efficiency to meet its energy feedback requirements.

[0074] The aforementioned energy storage system for the electrical energy output from the generator used in automotive suspension theoretically achieves energy recovery. However, in practice, the energy capture efficiency is low, the structure is complex, and it requires the integration of high-impedance inductors and capacitors. Research on energy processing for automotive suspension generators has not yet achieved efficient charging and power feedback. Although the advent of solid-state transformers has resolved the contradiction between efficiency and voltage conversion ratio, their introduction increases the size of permanent magnet motor-type regenerative dampers, making the motor heavier. If solid-state transformers and permanent magnet linear generators could share some magnetic components, it would adapt to the limited space of automotive suspensions and improve the system's power density.

[0075] To more comprehensively and efficiently recover the enormous energy generated by the automotive suspension system, and considering the uncertainty of vehicle vibration (i.e., the generator's output voltage changes continuously over time and requires a voltage conversion device to power the electric vehicle's battery), a power electronic voltage conversion device with an external high-frequency transformer is proposed. However, considering the weight and size of the device, a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator with a composite high-frequency transformer is proposed. This allows the generator stator core to simultaneously function as the transformer core. This device combines the functions of both a generator and a transformer, improving material utilization while efficiently feeding energy to the vehicle's battery.

[0076] Example 1: Energy regeneration shock absorber for electric vehicles, including a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 and a power electronic transformer 2;

[0077] The cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 and the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 share the same cylindrical iron core 103. In order to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two, the winding coils of the two are placed vertically.

[0078] The generator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is a ring-shaped disc winding placed inside the motor slot;

[0079] The power electronic transformer 2 consists of two parts: a three-phase fully controlled rectifier 201 and a dual active DC / DC converter 202 based on a high-frequency transformer T1 with a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure.

[0080] Among the above options, the preferred one is the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1: based on the principle of magnetic field modulation, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, thereby achieving the effect of "speed increase".

[0081] The stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct drive motors and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0082] Because the direct drive speed of the suspension is very low, the low-speed direct drive regenerative power supply system using a permanent magnet synchronous motor has the disadvantages of low power density and large size.

[0083] Using the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator G1 based on the magnetic field modulation principle in a direct-drive regenerative power supply system can eliminate the intermediate transmission mechanism, maintain the high efficiency advantage of the direct-drive power generation system, and solve the problems of large size and low power density in the energy conversion of traditional linear permanent magnet synchronous generators.

[0084] The cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits. Through the magnetic field modulation principle, it generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap, which interacts with the stator armature to produce a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0085] The experimental results show that:

[0086] Assuming that the two motors have the same volume, stator-motor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and motor running speed, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0087] The cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 features a single mover and a single-layer air gap design, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs to a level comparable to that of a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator, making it suitable for application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0088] In any of the above schemes, the preferred embodiment is that the dual active DC / DC converter 202 consists of three parts: a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated high-frequency transformer T1, and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier.

[0089] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 of the high-frequency transformer are wound in parallel along the axial direction to ensure strong coupling between the primary and secondary sides, and the winding shape is approximately rectangular.

[0090] That is: the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 is a step-up transformer. Its left and right winding structures are symmetrical and rectangular. The primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204 are wound in parallel. The primary winding is wound axially on the cylindrical iron core 103, and the secondary winding 204 is wound in parallel on the outside of the primary winding 203. The primary winding 203 is wound in the inner layer, and the secondary winding 204 is wound in the outer layer.

[0091] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the winding shape is rectangular.

[0092] High-frequency transformers and inductors are the decisive factors in the power density of power electronic transformer systems. As high-power high-frequency transformers are increasingly applied in practical engineering, higher demands are being placed on their structural compactness. Many applications involve other magnetic components besides the transformer. For example, in a dual active converter, when the leakage inductance of the transformer prototype itself cannot meet system requirements, an additional series inductor is needed. The size and weight of this inductor cannot be ignored. Therefore, a magnetically integrated structure that integrates the high-frequency transformer and inductor onto the same magnetic core structure is urgently needed. This type of magnetically integrated structure can reduce the size of passive components and increase the overall power density.

[0093] The cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 achieves perfect coupling in mechanical and magnetic circuits. Through the magnetic field modulation principle, it generates a high-speed spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap, which interacts with the stator armature to produce a high-amplitude output voltage.

[0094] Experimental results show that, assuming the two motors have the same volume, stator-motor coupling length, air gap length, winding current density, and mover operating speed, the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is much higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. The single mover and single-layer air gap design of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs to a level comparable to traditional permanent magnet motors, making it suitable for application and promotion in engineering practice.

[0095] Example 2: Compared with Example 1, this example also includes the following technical features:

[0096] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the primary winding 203, secondary winding 204 and inductor winding 205 of the high-frequency transformer with orthogonal decoupled magnetic integration structure are wound on the same magnetic core structure to achieve magnetic integration.

[0097] Treating the leakage inductance and the ideal high-frequency transformer as a whole, without changing the requirements for the size of the leakage inductance before and after integration, avoids the adverse effects of excessive leakage inductance on the voltage transformation ratio of the primary winding 203 and the secondary winding 204.

[0098] The high-frequency transformer with orthogonal decoupling magnetic integration structure adopts a cylindrical magnetic core, and the primary winding 203 and secondary winding 204 of the transformer adopt a wrapping structure. The inductor winding 205, which is orthogonally wound on the magnetic core with the primary winding 203 and secondary winding 204, forms an independent inductor, realizing reliable decoupling integration.

[0099] While increasing the power density of the magnetic components, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed. The excitation flux of the high-frequency transformer and the magnetic flux of the integrated inductor are magnetically decoupled, avoiding the increase in core loss caused by flux overlap. At the same time, since the primary winding 203, secondary winding 204 and inductor winding 205 of the high-frequency transformer are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the core utilization rate is uniform, eliminating material waste.

[0100] This invention employs a short primary and long secondary structure, with armature winding 105 serving as the stator and permanent magnet 102 serving as the mover.

[0101] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is that the effective number of armature teeth is... 13. Effective number of pole pairs of permanent magnets armature winding pole pairs The three conditions are satisfied: .

[0102] The rotor speed of a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is The effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is The motor transmission ratio can be defined as: .

[0103] For a cylindrical magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator, the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is the mover velocity. The number of stator winding pole pairs in a linear permanent magnet synchronous generator is equal to the number of permanent magnet pole pairs, while the number of stator winding pole pairs in a cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator is equal to the number of effective armature teeth minus the number of effective permanent magnet pole pairs.

[0104] In any of the above schemes, the preferred option is the air gap magnetic flux density expression for the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1:

[0105] ;

[0106] In the formula, These are the DC component and fundamental component of the air gap magnetic permeability; It is the fundamental component of the air gap magnetomotive force; It is the higher harmonic component of the air gap magnetic flux density, which is ignored because of its small amplitude.

[0107] The effective component used for power transmission in the air gap magnetic flux density of the cylindrical magnetic field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is represented as follows:

[0108] .

[0109] The theoretically derived magnetic flux density expression shows that the effective component for power transmission in the air gap includes not only the fundamental magnetic flux density (which has the same number of pole pairs as the rotor permanent magnets) but also a faster effective harmonic magnetic flux density. Although the amplitude of the effective harmonic magnetic flux density in the air gap is smaller than that of the fundamental magnetic flux density, its velocity is [a fraction of the fundamental magnetic flux density]. Such a high-speed change in magnetic flux induces a higher electromotive force in the armature winding 105.

[0110] The armature winding 105 of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is not designed based on the number of pole pairs of the air gap fundamental magnetic field, but rather wound according to the number of pole pairs of the high-speed harmonic magnetic field. This is because the number of pole pairs of the fundamental magnetic flux density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is the same as the number of pole pairs of the effective harmonic magnetic flux density. The two induced electromotive forces in the stator windings have the same electric angular frequency.

[0111] It is the effect of the effective harmonic components in the air gap magnetic flux density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 that makes the phase induced electromotive force expression of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator. This is also the essential reason why the power density of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is higher than that of the linear permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0112] In any of the above schemes, it is preferred that the stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field structure.

[0113] It helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power, low-speed direct-drive motors, and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0114] Working principle:

[0115] First, when the car suspension travels over an uneven road surface, it drives the secondary mover of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 to perform reciprocating linear motion. The velocity of the mover of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 is v. l The effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is v h The effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field velocity is the mover velocity. The high-speed magnetic flux change induces a higher electromotive force in the armature winding 105.

[0116] The armature winding 105 of the motor outputs a low-frequency AC voltage. After passing through the three-phase fully controlled rectifier 201, it outputs a DC voltage with a relatively low voltage level. Then, under the action of the single-phase full-bridge inverter, the DC voltage is inverted into an AC voltage with an approximate square wave, and the frequency is also increased from low frequency to high frequency. This voltage is input to the primary winding 203 of the boost-type cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1. After being transformed by the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1, the output voltage level of the secondary winding 204 is improved. Finally, under the action of the single-phase full-bridge rectifier, it outputs a DC voltage that meets the voltage level of the automotive battery.

[0117] High-frequency transformers typically operate at frequencies above 10kHz, while linear generators operate at frequencies ranging from tens to hundreds of hertz. Therefore, it is necessary to select core materials with low high-frequency losses and good magnetic permeability, such as soft magnetic composite materials, amorphous alloy materials, and nanocrystalline materials.

[0118] The high-frequency transformer T1 with a cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure includes a primary winding 203, a secondary winding 204, and an inductor winding 205. The primary winding 203, secondary winding 204, and inductor winding 205, along with the armature winding 105 of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1, are all arranged on the cylindrical iron core 103. To avoid mutual interference between magnetic fields, orthogonal magnetic circuits are used, that is, the armature winding 105 of the generator is placed perpendicular to the transformer winding coil, and the primary winding 203, secondary winding 204, and inductor winding 205 of the transformer are placed perpendicular to each other, thereby reducing magnetic field interference.

[0119] This design of the present invention improves the dynamic performance of the suspension system with electromagnetic damping, while achieving efficient capture and recovery of suspension vibration energy.

[0120] In summary, this invention addresses the randomness of automotive suspension vibration and the unique characteristics of high-voltage batteries in pure electric vehicles by proposing a high-voltage conversion ratio and high-efficiency power electronic transformer based on a high-frequency transformer. To reduce the overall weight and size of the device, the high-frequency transformer is integrated with a generator, combining the functions of both. The primary winding 203 and secondary winding 204 of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated high-frequency transformer T1 employ a wrapping structure. This wrapping structure, along with the orthogonal structure of the primary and secondary windings 203 and 204, forms an independent inductor wound on the magnetic core, achieving reliable decoupling integration. While increasing the power density of the magnetic components, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed. The high-frequency transformer excitation flux and the integrated inductor flux are magnetically decoupled, avoiding increased core losses due to flux overlap.

[0121] Because the primary winding 203, secondary winding 204, and inductor winding 205 of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupled magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer T1 are orthogonally arranged on the cylindrical magnetic core, the utilization rate of the magnetic core is uniform, eliminating material waste; the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1: based on the principle of magnetic field modulation, the low-speed magnetic field of the mover is modulated into a high-speed air gap magnetic field through the action of the modulation pole, achieving the effect of "speed increase"; the stator winding of the cylindrical magnetic field modulated linear permanent magnet generator G1 adopts a high-speed magnetic field design, which helps to solve the problem of a large number of pole slots in high-power low-speed direct drive motors, and can improve the power density of the motor.

[0122] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any alternative improvements or transformations made to the implementation of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0123] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber characterized by: The application discloses a cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator comprising a composite transformer, and the cylindrical linear permanent magnet generator is composed of a cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator and a cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator comprises a generator mover iron core, a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the outer side wall of the generator mover iron core in the axial direction, a cylindrical iron core is coaxially arranged outside the permanent magnets on the outer side of the middle part of the generator mover iron core, annular armature windings are arranged in the annular stator slots of the cylindrical iron core, and stator teeth are formed at the cylindrical iron core between the adjacent annular stator slots. The cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer shares the same cylindrical iron core with the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator, and the winding coils of the two are arranged perpendicularly to each other. The generator stator iron core is used as the transformer iron core, the shock absorber has the functions of the generator and the transformer, the material utilization rate is improved, and the automobile storage battery is efficiently fed with energy. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is used in a low-speed direct-drive regenerative feeding system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the intermediate transmission mechanism can be eliminated. The cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator generates a spatial harmonic magnetic field in the air gap during high-speed operation, and the spatial harmonic magnetic field interacts with the stator armature to generate a high-amplitude output voltage. The single-mover and single-layer air gap of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator have simple manufacturing processes. The cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer is a step-up transformer, the left and right winding structures of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are symmetrical and rectangular, the primary winding and the secondary winding are wound in parallel, the primary winding is wound on the cylindrical iron core in the axial direction, the secondary winding is wound on the outer side of the primary winding in parallel, the primary winding is wound on the inner layer, and the secondary winding is wound on the outer layer. The primary winding, the secondary winding and the inductor winding of the cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer are wound on the same magnetic core structure and are magnetically integrated. The leakage inductance and the ideal high-frequency transformer are regarded as a whole, the demand for the size of the leakage inductance before and after integration is not changed, and the adverse effects of the excessive leakage inductance on the voltage ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding are avoided. The cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer adopts a cylindrical magnetic core, the primary winding and the secondary winding adopt a wrapping structure, the inductor winding which is wound on the magnetic core in a perpendicular structure with the primary winding and the secondary winding forms an independent inductor, and reliable decoupling integration is realized. While the power density of the magnetic component is improved, two orthogonal magnetic fluxes are formed, the excitation magnetic flux of the high-frequency transformer and the integrated inductor magnetic flux are decoupled, and the increase of the magnetic core loss caused by the overlapping of the magnetic fluxes is avoided.

2. An electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double active DC / DC converter is composed of a single-phase full-bridge inverter, a cylindrical orthogonal decoupling magnetic integrated structure high-frequency transformer and a single-phase full-bridge rectifier. ​ 3. An electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mover operating speed of the cylindrical magnetic field modulation linear permanent magnet generator is v l , the effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field speed is v h , and the transmission ratio is .

4. An electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air-gap flux expression of the cylindrical field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator: ； wherein is the air-gap permeance direct current component and the fundamental component; is the air-gap MMF fundamental component; is the air-gap flux high order harmonic component.

5. An electric vehicle energy regenerative shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stator winding of the cylindrical field-modulated linear permanent magnet generator adopts high-speed magnetic field structure and is wound according to effective high-speed harmonic magnetic field pole pair number.

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