Serial Port Transparent Transmission NFC Dual-Interface Communication Module and Its Control Method

Abstract

The present application discloses a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module and its control method. The module includes: a circuit board body, which is arranged in a preset home access control scenario; an NFC control module, which is arranged on the circuit board body, performs near-field radio frequency communication with an external reader through an NFC interface, and communicates with a host computer through the serial bus interface of the circuit board body; a control module, which is used to receive an access permission configuration instruction from the host computer according to a preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module; parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to a preset application layer communication mode, and perform matching verification with the permission information; if the authentication data verification is passed, trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device; dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device, and if an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, send an encrypted alarm message to the external reader through the NFC interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of intelligent control technology, and particularly to a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module and its control method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent devices, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has been widely used in data transmission and device interconnection. With its convenient and fast characteristics, NFC technology has been widely used in scenarios such as access control monitoring.

[0003] However, traditional NFC modules only support the basic communication protocol of the radio frequency layer, resulting in the inability to balance communication reliability and data processing efficiency in complex access control scenarios. At the same time, existing technologies mostly adopt a unidirectional data transmission architecture, which can neither perform real-time two-way communication with the host computer through the serial bus interface nor has a transparent conversion mechanism for protocol data and serial port data, resulting in a very single control function.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a communication module to solve at least one of the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module and its control method, aiming to solve the problem that traditional NFC modules only support the basic communication protocol of the radio frequency layer, resulting in the inability to balance communication reliability and data processing efficiency in complex access control scenarios. At the same time, existing technologies mostly adopt a unidirectional data transmission architecture, which can neither perform real-time two-way communication with the host computer through the serial bus interface nor has a transparent conversion mechanism for protocol data and serial port data, resulting in a very single control function.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, including:

[0007] A circuit board body, which is arranged in a preset home access control scenario;

[0008] An NFC control module, which is arranged on the circuit board body. The NFC control module performs near-field radio frequency communication with an external reader through an NFC interface, and at the same time communicates with the host computer through the serial bus interface of the circuit board body to realize the two-way transparent conversion of NFC protocol data and serial bus data;

[0009] The control module, which is set inside the NFC control module or independently on the circuit board body, is used to receive the access permission configuration instruction from the host computer according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module; parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, and match and verify it with the permission information; if the authentication data passes the verification, generate an access control instruction and send it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device; dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device, and if an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, send an encrypted alarm message to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0010] In some embodiments, the authentication data at least includes the current user authentication duration and the current door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device; before parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, it further includes: the control module obtains the historical user authentication duration and the historical door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device through the NFC interface; the control module calculates an abnormality index based on the current user authentication duration, the current opening frequency, the historical user authentication duration, and the historical door lock opening frequency, and if it is determined that the authentication data is abnormal according to the abnormality index, send a secondary verification message through the reader to, after the secondary verification passes, parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode.

[0011] In some embodiments, parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode includes: the control module obtains the radio frequency signal strength received by the NFC interface; if the radio frequency signal strength is lower than -25 dBm, parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode; and / or, the control module obtains the idle duration corresponding to the target access control device, and if the idle duration is greater than the preset duration, parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode.

[0012] In some embodiments, in the radio frequency layer communication mode, the circuit board body supplies power to the antenna matching circuit of the NFC control module; in the application layer communication mode, the circuit board body supplies full power to the digital baseband processing unit and the encryption coprocessor of the NFC control module.

[0013] In some embodiments, if the door lock opening action of the target access control device is triggered, the control module sends an infrared learning code through the NFC interface to start the smart home device associated with the target access control device; if the door lock closing action of the target access control device is triggered and no person is detected entering or exiting the home access control scene within a preset time range, the control module generates an energy-saving mode instruction and sends it to the energy-saving device through the serial bus interface; the energy-saving device includes at least an air conditioner.

[0014] In some embodiments, the permission information includes temporary access permission data and fixed permission data; the NFC control module has a built-in EEPROM memory, and the permission information is stored in the EEPROM memory, and the EEPROM memory is divided into a first buffer zone and a second buffer zone; the first buffer zone stores the temporary access permission data; the second buffer zone stores the fixed permission data, and the fixed permission data in the second buffer zone is only allowed to be rewritten after the physical fuse bit is triggered.

[0015] Exemplarily, the matching and verification with the permission information includes: the control module matching and verifying the authentication data with temporary access permission data of the first buffer data, and if the verification fails, matching and verifying with solidified permission data of the second buffer.

[0016] In some embodiments, the communication protocol of the NFC interface is ISO / IEC 14443-A, the RF layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 protocol, the application layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocol, the operating frequency of the NFC interface is 13.56 MHz, and the data transmission rate of the NFC interface is 106 Kbps.

[0017] In some embodiments, the voltage of the power input terminal of the circuit board body is 5V, the terminal field strength of the circuit board body ranges from 1.5 to 7.5A / m, and the operating temperature range of the circuit board body is -40 to 85°C.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method for a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, which is applied to a control module of a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module provided in any embodiment of the present application, and the method includes:

[0019] Receive the access permission configuration instruction of the host computer according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module;

[0020] Parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader / writer in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, and matching and verifying it with the permission information;

[0021] If the authentication data is verified successfully, generate an access control instruction and send it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device;

[0022] Dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, send encrypted warning information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0023] This application discloses a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module and its control method. The serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module is an innovative technical solution for the intelligent access control scenario. Its core lies in achieving efficient and reliable two-way communication and intelligent control through hardware architecture optimization and communication protocol integration.

[0024] First, the provided dual-interface communication architecture design includes:

[0025] Radio frequency layer communication interface: Based on the NFC control module, construct a near-field radio frequency channel, support standard protocols such as ISO / IEC 14443 and ISO / IEC 15693, and realize wireless data interaction with external readers (such as mobile phones, NFC cards).

[0026] Serial bus interface: Directly connect to the host computer (such as an access control controller, an embedded host) through the UART or SPI interface, support general serial port protocols such as RS-232 / 485, and realize high-speed data transparent transmission.

[0027] Through the embedded protocol parsing engine, automatically complete the format conversion of NFC protocol data packets and serial port data frames (such as the mapping between APDU instructions and ASCII codes), without additional programming intervention.

[0028] This application also realizes hierarchical permission control and dynamic verification:

[0029] Permission configuration layer: The host computer issues access permission configuration instructions (such as user white list, time-limited permission) through the serial port and stores them in the EEPROM security area of the NFC control module, supporting AES-128 encrypted storage.

[0030] Application layer real-time parsing: Adopt the state machine model to layer-by-layer parse the authentication data (such as UID, digital certificate) sent by the external reader, match the encrypted hash value in the permission library, and generate an access control operation instruction after successful verification.

[0031] Exception handling mechanism: Integrate the Watchdog timer to monitor the response status of the access control device. If illegal unlocking, instruction conflicts, or timeout without response (such as > 5 seconds) are detected, trigger an encrypted alarm (encapsulate the exception information using the SM4 national encryption algorithm) and send it back to the reader. At the same time, the radio frequency communication adopts time-division multiplexing technology to support multi-tag polling and avoid data conflicts. The serial port channel adopts the DMA (Direct Memory Access) mode to reduce the CPU load and ensure the real-time nature of the door lock control instruction.

[0032] The provided communication module and method have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] (1). Complementary radio frequency and serial port: In a complex electromagnetic environment (such as metal door interference), if the NFC signal is interfered, redundant instructions from the upper computer can be received through the serial port to ensure communication continuity.

[0034] (2). Break through the traditional one-way transmission limit, support concurrent operations between the reader and the upper computer (such as updating permissions and reading the door lock status simultaneously), and improve the system throughput. For example, when a visitor applies for temporary permissions through mobile phone NFC, the access control host can issue authorizations in real time through the serial port to complete the entire process of "application - authorization - unlocking" within seconds. At the same time, the working mode can be switched through the upper computer instruction (such as reader mode / card emulation mode) to adapt to different access control protocols (such as Wiegand, OSDP).

[0035] (3). Transparent interface design: Developers do not need to deeply understand the NFC underlying protocol. They can directly send AT commands through the serial port to complete function calls, shortening the development cycle. The module is compatible with mainstream NFC control modules (such as NXP PN5180, ST25R3916) and can adapt to new protocols through firmware upgrades to extend the device life cycle.

[0036] The communication module provided by this application can be applied to the following scenarios:

[0037] (1). Smart home access control: Support mobile phone NFC unlocking and linkage with the home central control screen, and push encrypted alarms to the owner's mobile phone in case of abnormal unlocking.

[0038] (2). Office building access control: Realize dynamic management of employee card permissions and support fast batch permission issuance during peak hours (such as temporary visitor permissions).

[0039] (3). Industrial safety control: Replace mechanical keys in explosion-proof environments and ensure reliable door control in case of emergencies through the NFC + serial port dual-channel.

[0040] (4). Building elevator control advertising screen / underground garage light board scenario: In scenarios without network coverage, by installing the provided communication module in the corresponding advertising machine / light board, the display content can be quickly replaced.

[0041] In summary, through the dual-interface communication architecture, protocol transparent conversion, and dynamic security verification mechanism, this module effectively solves the problems of real-time performance, reliability, and security in complex access control scenarios. Its technical value lies in upgrading NFC communication from a single data carrier to an intelligent interaction node, providing a cost-effective standardized solution for the Internet of Things access control system.

[0042] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit this application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a control method for a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a control module provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0047] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The flow chart shown in the drawings is only an example, and does not necessarily include all contents and operations / steps, nor does it necessarily execute in the described order. For example, some operations / steps can also be decomposed, combined, or partially merged. Therefore, the actual execution order may change according to the actual situation.

[0050] It should be understood that, for the convenience of clearly describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with basically the same functions and roles. Those skilled in the art can understand that terms such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and terms such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily mean different.

[0051] It should be understood that the terms used in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. As used in the specification of this application and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.

[0052] It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in the specification of this application and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0053] The following will describe in detail some embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0054] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent devices, Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has been widely used in data transmission and device interconnection. With its convenient and fast characteristics, NFC technology has been widely used in scenarios such as access control monitoring.

[0055] However, traditional NFC modules only support the basic communication protocols of the radio frequency layer, resulting in the inability to balance communication reliability and data processing efficiency in complex access control scenarios. At the same time, most of the existing technologies adopt a unidirectional data transmission architecture, which can neither communicate with the host computer in real time bidirectionally through the serial bus interface nor has a transparent conversion mechanism for protocol data and serial data, resulting in a very single control function.

[0056] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a communication module to solve at least one of the above problems.

[0057] To solve the above problems, please refer to Figure 1, this application provides a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, including: a circuit board body 1, which is arranged in a preset home access control scenario; an NFC control module 2, which is arranged on the circuit board body 1. The NFC control module 2 performs near-field radio frequency communication with an external reader through an NFC interface, and at the same time communicates with a host computer through the serial bus interface of the circuit board body 1 to realize the bidirectional transparent conversion of NFC protocol data and serial bus data; a control module 3, which is arranged inside the NFC control module 2 or independently arranged on the circuit board body 1, and is used to receive the access permission configuration instruction of the host computer according to a preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module 2; according to a preset application layer communication mode, it parses the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface, and matches and verifies it with the permission information; if the authentication data passes the verification, it generates an access control instruction and sends it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface, triggering the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device; it dynamically monitors the feedback signal of the access control device, and if an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, it sends encrypted alarm information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0058] Specifically, the circuit board body 1 serves as the physical basis of the module. The circuit board body 1 is designed for the home access control scenario to ensure that the module can be stably installed in the access control system.

[0059] The NFC control module 2 is responsible for processing NFC radio frequency communication and serial bus communication. The NFC control module 2 performs near-field radio frequency communication with an external reader through an NFC interface, and at the same time communicates with a host computer through the serial bus interface to realize the bidirectional transparent conversion of data.

[0060] The control unit can be integrated inside the NFC control module 2 or independently arranged on the circuit board body 1. It is responsible for receiving the access permission configuration instruction of the host computer and storing the permission information corresponding to these instructions in the NFC control module 2. In addition, the control unit is also responsible for parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader and matching and verifying it with the stored permission information. If the authentication data passes the verification, the control unit will generate an access control instruction and send it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface, triggering the opening or closing action of the door lock. At the same time, the control unit also dynamically monitors the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, it will send encrypted alarm information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0061] For example, by installing the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module in the access control system, ensure that the circuit board body 1 is correctly connected to the access control device. Then, configure the access permissions through the host computer and store these permission information in the NFC control module 2. When an external reader approaches the access control system, the NFC control module 2 performs near-field radio frequency communication with the reader through the NFC interface and receives authentication data. The control unit analyzes these data and matches and verifies them with the stored permission information. If the authentication data passes the verification, the control unit generates an access control instruction and sends it to the target access control device through the serial port bus interface, triggering the opening or closing action of the door lock. The control unit dynamically monitors the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, it will send encrypted warning information to the external reader through the NFC interface to ensure the security of the system.

[0062] Through the bidirectional communication of the NFC interface and the serial port bus interface, the module can achieve reliable communication in complex access control scenarios, reducing the risk of communication interruption or data loss. The module can parse and verify the authentication data in real time, quickly generate access control instructions, significantly improve the data processing efficiency, and shorten the access control response time. By dynamically monitoring the feedback signal of the access control device and sending encrypted warning information, the module can detect and handle abnormal operations in a timely manner, enhancing the security of the access control system. The design of the module takes into account the compatibility with the existing access control system, simplifies the system integration process, and reduces the complexity of installation and maintenance.

[0063] The dual-interface communication mechanism provided by this application includes: by integrating the NFC radio frequency interface and the serial port bus interface, a dual-channel data transmission system for the physical layer and the application layer is constructed. The radio frequency layer uses the ISO / IEC 14443 Type A / B protocol to achieve near-field communication, and the serial port layer is based on the UART / USART protocol to achieve real-time interaction with the host computer.

[0064] By embedding a protocol conversion engine in the NFC control module 2, real-time bidirectional conversion between NFC protocol data packets (APDU instruction set) and serial port data frames (ASCII code instructions) is achieved. The conversion process uses a dynamic buffer management mechanism and realizes zero-copy data transmission through the DMA controller.

[0065] Support the host computer to dynamically configure permission parameters through the AT instruction set, including but not limited to: user permission level (0-255), valid time window (±30 days with a precision of 1 second), geofence coordinates (WGS84 format), etc. The permission information is stored in the EEPROM secure storage area of the NFC control module 2 and is protected by AES-128 encryption.

[0066] For the provided circuit board body 1, if a four-layer board stacking structure is adopted, the RF trace is impedance-matched to 50Ω. The NFC antenna uses a 13.56MHz loop antenna, and the Q value is controlled within the range of 35 - 40. The serial port interface is configured with a TVS diode array (SMDJ5.0A) to achieve ESD protection. An integrated LDO voltage regulator circuit (input 5V, output 3.3V / 500mA) is integrated, and a supercapacitor energy storage module (0.47F) is equipped to ensure that the permission data can be saved for ≥72 hours after power-off. The input signals of the circuit board body 1 are UART TXD signal and UART RXD signal, and the GND of the circuit board body 1 is the common ground.

[0067] Among them, the comparison between this technical solution and the traditional NFC module is shown in the following table:

[0068]

[0069] In some embodiments, the authentication data at least includes the current user authentication duration and the current door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device; before parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, it further includes: the control module 3 obtains the historical user authentication duration and the historical door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device through the NFC interface; the control module 3 calculates an anomaly index based on the current user authentication duration, the current opening frequency, the historical user authentication duration, and the historical door lock opening frequency. If it is determined that the authentication data is abnormal according to the anomaly index, the control module 3 sends a secondary verification message through the reader to, after the secondary verification is passed, parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode.

[0070] The authentication data at least includes the current user authentication duration and the current door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device. These data are used to evaluate the normality of the current operation.

[0071] Before parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader, the control module 3 obtains the historical user authentication duration and the historical door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device through the NFC interface. These historical data are used for comparative analysis with the current data.

[0072] The control module 3 calculates the anomaly index based on the following data: the current user authentication duration; the current door lock opening frequency; the historical user authentication duration; the historical door lock opening frequency. The calculation of the anomaly index can adopt a weighted algorithm or a statistical analysis model, for example, quantifying the deviation degree between the current data and the historical data. If it is determined that the authentication data is abnormal according to the anomaly index (for example, the current user authentication duration significantly deviates from the historical value, or the door lock opening frequency increases abnormally), the control module 3 will send a secondary verification message through the reader.

[0073] The secondary verification can include the following methods: requiring the user to reswipe the card or enter the password. Manually confirm through the host computer. Send a verification request to a mobile device (such as a mobile phone) for confirmation. Only after the secondary verification is passed, the control module 3 will, according to the preset application layer communication mode, parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface and continue with the subsequent access control operations.

[0074] The embodiment significantly improves the security and intelligence level of the access control system by introducing the abnormal index calculation and the secondary verification mechanism. By comparing the current data with the historical data, abnormal operations (such as illegal intrusion or system failure) can be detected in a timely manner and confirmed through the secondary verification mechanism, effectively preventing unauthorized access. The calculation of the abnormal index is based on data analysis and statistical models, which can dynamically evaluate the normality of operations, reduce the misjudgment rate, and improve the automated processing ability of the system.

[0075] When an abnormality is detected, the access control instruction will not be directly executed. Instead, the security of the operation is ensured through secondary verification, reducing the risk of the access control system being attacked or misoperated. Although the secondary verification mechanism is introduced, it will only be triggered when an abnormality is detected, with little impact on the operation process of normal users, ensuring the smoothness of the user experience. Through the comparative analysis of historical data and current data, more accurate decisions can be made based on data driving, improving the overall performance and reliability of the access control system.

[0076] In some embodiments, the real-time parsing of the authentication data sent by the external reader through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode includes: the control module 3 obtains the received radio signal strength of the NFC interface; if the radio signal strength is lower than -25 dBm, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode; and / or, the control module 3 obtains the idle duration corresponding to the target access control device, and if the idle duration is greater than the preset duration, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode.

[0077] The embodiment optimizes the communication mode dynamic switching mechanism for the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, mainly involving the control logic of the radio signal strength and the idle duration of the access control device for the communication mode selection. The control module 3 monitors the received radio signal strength (RSSI value) of the NFC interface in real time, for example, through the built-in radio signal detection circuit or software algorithm of the NFC control module 2. The threshold of the preset radio signal strength is -25 dBm. When it is detected that the current signal strength is lower than -25 dBm, it indicates that the communication distance between the reader and the module is relatively far or there is interference, which may cause data parsing failure.

[0078] The control module 3 automatically switches from the application layer communication mode to the radio frequency layer communication mode (i.e., the basic communication protocol layer). In the radio frequency layer mode, the module only parses the basic data packets in the radio frequency communication (such as device ID, basic instructions), and discards the complex protocols in the application layer (such as encrypted data, extended instructions), so as to reduce the parsing complexity and improve the communication reliability. After parsing the authentication data in the radio frequency layer mode, if the data is legal, the access control instruction can still be generated and sent to the target access control device through the serial port.

[0079] At the same time, the control module 3 continuously records the idle duration of the target access control device (i.e., the time interval without receiving any operation instructions) through the serial port bus interface or the internal timer. The preset idle duration is T minutes (for example, 30 minutes, which can be configured). When the idle duration exceeds T minutes, it indicates that the access control device is in a low utilization state. The control module 3 actively switches to the radio frequency layer communication mode to reduce the power consumption of the module. In the radio frequency layer mode, the NFC control module 2 only maintains the basic communication function and turns off the high-power consumption modules related to the application layer protocol parsing (such as the encryption algorithm unit). When the access control device is operated again (such as the user swiping the card), the control module 3 automatically switches back to the application layer communication mode to restore the complete protocol parsing function.

[0080] The embodiment allows two triggering conditions (low radio frequency signal strength, excessive idle duration) to take effect independently or jointly. For example: only when the radio frequency signal strength is low, the radio frequency layer mode is triggered. Only when the idle duration exceeds the limit, the radio frequency layer mode is triggered. When both conditions are met, the scenario with low radio frequency signal strength is preferentially responded to.

[0081] When the radio frequency signal strength recovers to above -25 dBm, or the idle duration is reset due to a new operation, the control module 3 automatically switches back to the application layer communication mode.

[0082] By dynamically switching the communication mode, the adaptability, energy efficiency and reliability of the module are significantly optimized. When the signal strength is weak (such as at a long distance or in the presence of electromagnetic interference), by downgrading to the radio frequency layer mode, the complexity of data parsing is reduced, and communication interruption caused by the failure of application layer protocol parsing is avoided, ensuring the availability of the basic access control function. When the access control device is idle, by switching to the low-power radio frequency layer mode, the energy consumption of the module is reduced, which is especially suitable for scenarios powered by batteries or requiring long-term standby. The dynamic switching mechanism enables the module to automatically adjust the working mode according to the actual usage status (such as signal strength, device activity), taking into account both high performance and low power consumption requirements. Only basic protocol data is processed in the radio frequency layer mode, which can reduce system failures caused by application layer protocol errors and provide clearer debugging information for abnormal scenarios (such as signal strength insufficient warning). The mode switch is transparent to the user, only downgrading the function when necessary and not affecting the normal operation process. For example, when the signal strength recovers when the user swipes the card, the user can still seamlessly use the complete function.

[0083] In some embodiments, in the radio frequency layer communication mode, the circuit board body 1 supplies power to the antenna matching circuit of the NFC control module 2; in the application layer communication mode, the circuit board body 1 supplies full power to the digital baseband processing unit and the encryption coprocessor of the NFC control module 2.

[0084] The embodiment optimizes the power supply strategy for the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, and further reduces power consumption and improves energy efficiency by dynamically adjusting the power supply mode.

[0085] In the radio frequency layer communication mode, the circuit board body 1 only supplies power to the antenna matching circuit of the NFC control module 2. The antenna matching circuit is a basic component of radio frequency communication, which is used to ensure the signal transmission efficiency between the NFC antenna and the external reader / writer. Other high-power consumption modules (such as digital baseband processing units, encryption coprocessors, etc.) are powered off or in a low-power state in the radio frequency layer mode to reduce energy consumption. This mode is applicable to scenarios where the signal strength is low or the access control device is idle. At this time, complex protocol parsing and encryption processing are not required, and only basic communication functions need to be maintained. In the application layer communication mode, the circuit board body 1 supplies full power to the digital baseband processing unit and the encryption coprocessor of the NFC control module 2. The digital baseband processing unit is responsible for the parsing and generation of complex protocols (such as ISO 14443, ISO 15693), and the encryption coprocessor is used for data encryption and decryption operations. This mode is applicable to scenarios where the signal strength is normal and the access control device is active. At this time, complete protocol parsing and encryption functions are required to ensure the security and reliability of communication.

[0086] The switching of the power supply mode is automatically triggered by the control module 3 according to the communication mode (radio frequency layer or application layer). For example: when the radio frequency signal strength is lower than -25 dBm or the idle time limit of the access control device is exceeded, switch to the radio frequency layer mode and adjust the power supply strategy. When the radio frequency signal strength recovers or the access control device is activated, switch to the application layer mode and restore full power supply. The power supply status of each module is dynamically adjusted through the power management unit (PMU) of the circuit board body 1 or the power control pin of the NFC control module 2.

[0087] By optimizing the power supply strategy, the power consumption of the module is significantly reduced, and at the same time, the energy efficiency and adaptability of the system are improved. In the radio frequency layer mode, only the antenna matching circuit is powered, which greatly reduces energy consumption, especially applicable to scenarios powered by batteries or in long-term standby. Dynamically adjusting the power supply strategy according to actual communication requirements avoids unnecessary energy waste and improves the overall energy efficiency of the module. The power supply strategy is closely combined with the communication mode, enabling the module to flexibly respond to different scenarios (such as low signal strength, device idle, etc.), taking into account both performance and power consumption requirements. Through automatic switching of the power supply mode, the need for manual intervention is reduced, and the system maintenance cost is lowered.

[0088] In some embodiments, if the door lock opening action of the target access control device is triggered, the control module 3 sends an infrared learning code through the NFC interface to activate the smart home device associated with the target access control device; if the door lock closing action of the target access control device is triggered and no personnel are detected entering or leaving the home access control scenario within a preset time range, the control module 3 generates an energy-saving mode instruction and issues it to the energy-saving device through the serial bus interface; the energy-saving device at least includes an air conditioner.

[0089] The embodiment further expands the functions of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, links it with smart home devices and energy-saving devices, and improves the intelligent level and energy-saving effect of the system. When the control module 3 triggers the door lock opening action of the target access control device, it sends an infrared learning code (such as an infrared remote control signal) through the NFC interface to activate the smart home device associated with the target access control device.

[0090] Associated devices such as smart home devices may include lighting lamps, televisions, audio systems, etc. For example, when the user swipes the card to open the door, the system automatically turns on the living room lights or starts the air conditioner.

[0091] When the control module 3 triggers the door lock closing action of the target access control device, timing starts. If no personnel are detected entering or leaving the home access control scenario within a preset time range (such as 10 minutes), the control module 3 generates an energy-saving mode instruction. The energy-saving mode instruction is issued to the energy-saving device through the serial bus interface, such as an air conditioner, heating, etc. The energy-saving device adjusts its operating state (such as reducing power or turning off) according to the instruction to reduce energy consumption.

[0092] The personnel activity status of the home access control scenario is monitored in real time through the sensors of the access control system (such as infrared sensors, cameras) or the card swiping records of the NFC reader. The preset time range can be adjusted according to actual needs. For example, it can be set to 15 minutes in winter and 10 minutes in summer.

[0093] Through the linkage of smart home and the triggering of the energy-saving mode, the intelligent level and energy-saving effect of the system are significantly improved. The following are its specific beneficial effects:

[0094] Automatically activate smart home devices through the door lock opening action, providing users with a more convenient and comfortable living experience. Trigger the energy-saving mode through the door lock closing action, reducing unnecessary energy waste, especially suitable for long-term unoccupied scenarios. Realize the automatic triggering of the energy-saving mode through personnel entry and exit detection and preset time range judgment, reducing the need for manual intervention. It is not only applicable to home access control scenarios, but also can be extended to office buildings, hotels and other scenarios with high demands for intelligence and energy saving.

[0095] In some embodiments, the permission information includes temporary access permission data and solidified permission data; the NFC control module 2 is built-in with an EEPROM memory, the permission information is stored in the EEPROM memory, and the EEPROM memory is divided into a first buffer and a second buffer; the first buffer stores the temporary access permission data; the second buffer stores the solidified permission data, and the solidified permission data in the second buffer is only allowed to be rewritten after the physical fuse bit is triggered.

[0096] The embodiment optimizes the storage and verification mechanism of the permission information. By dividing the storage area and introducing the physical fuse bit protection, the security and management flexibility of the permission data are improved. The permission information is divided into temporary access permission data and solidified permission data. The temporary access permission data includes, for example, temporary visitor permissions, short-term authorizations, etc., and has a high update frequency. The solidified permission data includes, for example, administrator permissions, long-term authorizations, etc., and has a low update frequency.

[0097] The permission information is stored in the EEPROM memory built-in in the NFC control module 2. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) has the characteristics of non-volatility and repeatable erasing and writing, and is suitable for storing permission data.

[0098] The EEPROM memory is divided into a first buffer and a second buffer: First buffer: Used to store the temporary access permission data, supporting frequent read and write operations. Second buffer: Used to store the solidified permission data, and is only allowed to be rewritten under specific conditions.

[0099] The solidified permission data in the second buffer is protected by a physical fuse bit. The physical fuse bit is a hardware protection mechanism. Once triggered (such as blown), the write operation of the second buffer will be permanently locked to prevent the data from being maliciously tampered with. The triggering conditions of the physical fuse bit can be configured according to actual needs. For example: Trigger when the solidified permission data is initially configured. Trigger when an illegal access attempt is detected.

[0100] The control module 3 first matches and verifies the authentication data with the temporary access permission data in the first buffer. If the verification fails (that is, the authentication data does not match the temporary permission), it then matches and verifies with the solidified permission data in the second buffer. If the authentication data matches any of the permission data, a door access control instruction is generated and the corresponding operation is executed. If the authentication data does not match all of the permission data, access is refused and an alarm message is generated.

[0101] By optimizing the storage and verification mechanism of the permission information, the security, flexibility and management efficiency of the system are significantly improved. The following are its specific beneficial effects:

[0102] Physical fuses are used to protect the solidified permission data, preventing malicious tampering and ensuring the security of core permission information. By dividing the storage area, it supports frequent updates of temporary permission data and long-term storage of solidified permission data, meeting the permission management requirements of different scenarios. Through step-by-step verification (temporary permission first, then solidified permission), unnecessary verification operations are reduced and the system response speed is improved. The physical fuse protection mechanism reduces the need for manual intervention and reduces system maintenance costs.

[0103] Exemplarily, the matching and verification with the permission information includes: the control module 3 matches and verifies the authentication data with the temporary access permission data of the first buffer data, and if the verification fails, matches and verifies with the solidified permission data of the second buffer.

[0104] The example further refines the matching and verification process of permission information, and improves verification efficiency and security by verifying temporary permission data and solidified permission data in steps.

[0105] Temporary authority verification includes the control module 3 matching and verifying the authentication data with the temporary access authority data in the first buffer. Temporary authority data usually includes short-term authorization, temporary visitor authority, etc., and the verification priority is higher.

[0106] The solidified authority verification includes that if the temporary authority verification fails, the control module 3 will match the authentication data with the solidified authority data in the second buffer for verification. Solidified authority data usually includes administrator authority, long-term authorization, etc., and the verification priority is low. If the authentication data matches any authority data, an access control instruction is generated and the corresponding operation is performed (such as unlocking the door). If the authentication data does not match all authority data, access is denied and an alarm message is generated (such as sending an encrypted alarm to an external reader).

[0107] By verifying temporary permission data and fixed permission data in steps, the verification process is further optimized, and the efficiency and security of the system are improved. The following are its specific beneficial effects: By giving priority to verifying temporary permission data, unnecessary fixed permission verification operations are reduced and the verification time is shortened. The step-by-step verification mechanism reduces the success rate of malicious attacks. For example, even if an attacker forges temporary permission data, he still needs to pass the fixed permission verification to obtain access rights. Through step-by-step verification, the frequency of access to fixed permission data is reduced, and the service life of the EEPROM memory is extended. Quickly verify temporary permission data to ensure that legitimate users can obtain access rights in a timely manner, improving user experience.

[0108] In some embodiments, the communication protocol of the NFC interface is ISO / IEC 14443-A, the radio frequency layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 protocol, the application layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocol, the operating frequency of the NFC interface is 13.56 MHz, and the data transmission rate of the NFC interface is 106 Kbps.

[0109] The embodiments clarify the communication protocol and operating parameters of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, ensuring its compliance with international standards and applicability to a wide range of scenarios.

[0110] The communication protocol of the NFC interface is ISO / IEC 14443-A, which is a widely used near-field communication standard applicable to scenarios such as access control, payment, and identity recognition.

[0111] The radio frequency layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 protocol, which defines the basic layer functions of radio frequency communication, including device initialization, anti-collision mechanism, and basic data transmission.

[0112] The application layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocol, which defines the application layer functions, including parsing of complex data packets, encrypted communication, and advanced instruction processing.

[0113] The operating frequency of the NFC interface is 13.56 MHz, which is the frequency band specified by the ISO / IEC 14443 standard, having good anti-interference ability and transmission stability.

[0114] The data transmission rate of the NFC interface is 106 Kbps, which is the basic rate supported by the ISO / IEC 14443-A protocol and can meet the communication requirements of most access control scenarios.

[0115] By clarifying the communication protocol and operating parameters, the compatibility, stability, and wide applicability of the module are ensured. The following are its specific beneficial effects:

[0116] Adopting the ISO / IEC 14443-A standard ensures the compatibility of the module with most NFC readers and cards on the market, reducing the integration difficulty.

[0117] The communication modes based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 and ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocols provide reliable radio frequency communication and application layer data processing capabilities. The operating frequency and data transmission rate comply with international standards and are applicable to various scenarios such as access control, payment, and identity recognition. The clear operating parameters and protocol standards provide clear references for developers and testers, shortening the product development cycle.

[0118] In some embodiments, the voltage at the power input terminal of the circuit board body 1 is 5V, the end field strength range of the circuit board body 1 is 1.5 to 7.5 A / m, and the operating temperature range of the circuit board body 1 is -40 to 85 °C.

[0119] The embodiments clarify the power supply and physical parameters of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module to ensure its reliability and adaptability in different environments. The voltage at the power input terminal of the circuit board body 1 is 5V, which is a common DC voltage standard suitable for the power supply requirements of most electronic devices. The end field strength range of the circuit board body 1 is 1.5 to 7.5 A / m, which is the typical field strength range for NFC communication to ensure stable operation of the module at different distances and in different environments. The operating temperature range of the circuit board body 1 is -40 to 85 °C, which is the temperature standard for industrial-grade electronic devices to ensure normal operation of the module in extreme environments.

[0120] By clarifying the power supply and physical parameters, the reliability and adaptability of the module in different environments are ensured. The following are its specific beneficial effects: The voltage at the power input terminal is 5V, ensuring stable operation of the module and avoiding failures caused by voltage fluctuations. The end field strength range is 1.5 to 7.5 A / m, ensuring stable communication of the module at different distances and in different environments. The operating temperature range of -40 to 85 °C enables the module to be suitable for extreme environments such as industrial and outdoor. The clear physical parameters provide a clear reference for design and testing, shortening the product development cycle.

[0121] In some embodiments, the control module 3 collects data such as the radio frequency signal strength of the NFC interface, the idle duration of the access control device, and the ambient temperature in real time, and records the success rate and power consumption of each communication. The collected data is used to train a machine learning model (such as a decision tree, random forest, or neural network) to predict the optimal communication mode (radio frequency layer or application layer). During the operation phase, the control module 3 inputs the data collected in real time into the machine learning model, obtains the prediction result, and dynamically switches the communication mode. For example, when the model predicts that the signal strength is low or the ambient temperature is high, the radio frequency layer mode is preferentially selected to reduce power consumption. New communication data is regularly added to the training set to retrain the model to optimize the prediction accuracy. The machine learning model in the module is updated through OTA (Over-the-Air) technology.

[0122] By dynamically optimizing the communication mode through machine learning algorithms, the power consumption of the module is significantly reduced, and the device battery life is extended. The model can automatically adjust the communication mode according to environmental changes (such as signal strength and temperature), improving the adaptability of the module in different scenarios. Automated mode switching and model updates reduce the need for manual intervention and lower the maintenance cost.

[0123] In some embodiments, the control module 3 records the detailed information of each access control operation, including the card swiping time, card swiping frequency, signal strength, etc., and marks normal and abnormal behaviors. The collected data is used to train a deep learning model (such as LSTM or CNN) to identify abnormal behavior patterns. During the operation phase, the control module 3 inputs the real-time collected data into the deep learning model to detect whether there are abnormal behaviors. For example, the model can identify behaviors such as frequent card swiping and abnormal fluctuations in signal strength. When an abnormal behavior is detected, the control module 3 generates an alarm message and sends it to the monitoring center through the serial bus interface. At the same time, the module can temporarily lock the access control function to prevent illegal access.

[0124] Detect abnormal behaviors in real time through deep learning algorithms to prevent illegal access and potential attacks. The automated abnormal detection and processing mechanism improves the intelligence level of the system. The deep learning model can accurately identify complex behavior patterns and reduce the false alarm rate.

[0125] In some embodiments, the control module 3 collects real-time environmental data (such as temperature, humidity, personnel activity frequency) and the operating status of energy-saving devices (such as air conditioner power, lighting brightness). The collected data is used to train a reinforcement learning model (such as Q-learning or deep Q network) to optimize the energy-saving strategy. The reward function is designed as a balance between energy-saving effect and user comfort.

[0126] During the operation phase, the control module 3 inputs the real-time environmental data into the reinforcement learning model to obtain the optimal energy-saving strategy and execute it. For example, the model can dynamically adjust the air conditioner temperature or lighting brightness to maximize the energy-saving effect. Regularly add new environmental data to the training set and retrain the model to optimize the energy-saving strategy.

[0127] Dynamically optimize the energy-saving strategy through reinforcement learning algorithms, significantly reducing energy consumption. The model takes into account user comfort while saving energy, improving the user experience. The model can automatically adjust the energy-saving strategy according to environmental changes, improving the adaptability of the system.

[0128] Among them, reinforcement learning includes a reward function and a Q function, which are used to evaluate the effect of the strategy and guide the decision-making of the agent respectively. Among them, the reward function is used to evaluate the immediate reward obtained by the agent after executing an action in a certain state. It is the optimization goal of the reinforcement learning algorithm, and the agent learns the optimal strategy by maximizing the cumulative reward. The reward function of this application is:

[0129] ;

[0130] R is the reward value, representing the immediate benefit obtained by the agent after performing an action in the current state. α is the weight coefficient of the energy-saving effect, with a value range of [0, 1], used to adjust the importance of the energy-saving effect in the reward. For example, α = 0.7 means the energy-saving effect accounts for 70% of the reward. β is the weight coefficient of user comfort, with a value range of [0, 1], used to adjust the importance of user comfort in the reward. For example, β = 0.3 means user comfort accounts for 30% of the reward. Energy Savings is the energy-saving effect, calculated from energy consumption data, for example, calculated by (baseline energy consumption - current energy consumption) / baseline energy consumption, with the unit of percentage (%), representing the energy-saving ratio of the current action relative to the baseline energy consumption. For example, Energy Savings = 20% means the current action saves 20% of the energy consumption. User Comfort is the user comfort score, calculated through user feedback or preset scoring rules, with a value range of [0, 10], representing the impact of the current action on user comfort. For example, User Comfort represents that the user's comfort score for the current action is 8. Among them, α and β satisfy α + β = 1.

[0131] The Q-function is used to evaluate the long-term cumulative reward of the agent after performing an action in a certain state. It is the objective function for the agent to learn in the reinforcement learning algorithm, and the Q-value is iteratively updated to approximate the optimal policy. Its expression is:

[0132] ; Q(s,a) is the Q-value of performing action a in state s, representing the long-term cumulative reward of the agent after performing this action in this state, with an initial value of 0 or a random value, and is iteratively updated through the Q-learning algorithm. η is the learning rate, with a value range of [0, 1], used to control the update speed of the Q-value. For example, η = 0.1 means the amplitude of each Q-value update is 10%. R is the current reward value, representing the immediate benefit obtained by the agent after performing action a in state s, calculated through the reward function. γ is the discount factor, with a value range of [0, 1], used to balance the importance of the current reward and future rewards. For example, γ = 0.9 means the importance of future rewards is 90% of the current reward. maxQ(s′,a′) is the Q-value of selecting the optimal action a′ in the next state s′, representing the maximum long-term cumulative reward of the agent in the next state, calculated through the Q-value table or neural network. s′ is the next state, representing the new state entered by the agent after performing action a, obtained through the state transition function or environmental feedback. a′ is the next action, representing the optimal action selected by the agent in state s′, selected through a policy (such as the greedy policy).

[0133] In some embodiments, each communication module locally collects communication data, environmental data, and user behavior data. Each module trains a machine learning model locally and uploads the model parameters to the cloud for aggregation. The cloud generates a global model and distributes it to each module. Each module optimizes its local communication mode, energy-saving strategy, and anomaly detection mechanism according to the global model. For example, the module can predict the optimal communication mode or energy-saving strategy based on the global model. Federated learning technology ensures that data is processed locally, avoiding privacy leakage.

[0134] Through the collaborative optimization of multiple modules, the communication efficiency, energy-saving effect, and security of the overall system are improved.

[0135] Federated learning technology ensures that data is processed locally, avoiding privacy leakage. It supports large-scale module deployment and is applicable to scenarios such as smart buildings and smart cities.

[0136] In some embodiments, the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module can be mounted on an advertising machine / advertising light box. Further, the NFC dual-interface communication module further includes:

[0137] An offline advertisement storage unit, integrated on the circuit board body 1, for pre-storing encrypted advertisement data packets and update policies (such as play time periods, priorities);

[0138] A dynamic buffer, set within the NFC control module 2, receives offline advertisement update instructions and encrypted advertisement files sent by an external reader through the NFC interface, and performs decryption verification;

[0139] An advertisement protocol converter, connected to the control module 3, converts the decrypted advertisement data into a serial communication protocol compatible with the target advertising machine / light box (such as Modbus RTU, custom binary instructions);

[0140] The control module 3 can trigger an update mechanism, including:

[0141] Event trigger mode: When valid advertisement data is detected to be written through the NFC interface, it automatically pushes the update to the advertising device through the serial bus interface;

[0142] Timing trigger mode: Based on the RTC clock module, it matches the preset update time window and batch-updates multiple advertising terminals according to the priority;

[0143] Meanwhile, an independent key pair is set within the control module 3 to authenticate the identity of the advertiser for the external reader, and only allows authorized devices to write advertisement content; feedbacks the advertisement update result (such as version number, CRC check value) to the reader through the NFC interface, and triggers an encrypted alarm and rolls back to the previous version in case of anomalies.

[0144] In this embodiment, by reusing the original NFC passthrough and serial bus architecture of the module, offline and secure updates of advertising content are achieved without the need for an Internet connection. Utilizing the physical isolation feature of NFC near-field communication, combined with dynamic authentication of advertisers' identities and data encryption, effectively prevents the advertising machine from being maliciously tampered with. By means of a protocol converter, it is compatible with a variety of advertising device interfaces, significantly reducing the transformation cost of traditional advertising terminals. The dual-trigger mechanism of timing and events ensures the timeliness of advertising content updates, while the abnormal rollback function enhances the robustness of the system, especially suitable for scenarios such as building elevator control advertising screens and underground garage light boxes without network coverage.

[0145] Taking the advertising light box of the community access control as an example, the property management personnel hold an NFC device with authorization close to the module, and select the advertising video file to be updated through the APP. After the module automatically completes the identity authentication, it receives the encrypted data, decrypts it and converts it into RS485 instructions recognized by the LED light box controller, and automatically burns and updates during the early morning low-peak period. After the update is successful, the module writes the new advertisement ID into the NFC tag area, and the inspection personnel can read the version information through the mobile phone NFC to check the update status, forming an offline closed-loop management.

[0146] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 is a schematic flowchart of a control method for a serial passthrough NFC dual-interface communication module provided by an embodiment of the present application. The execution device of the method is the control module of the sensor provided by any embodiment of the present application.

[0147] As Figure 2 shown, the provided method includes steps S101 to S104. Among them, the control module can be a handheld terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable device or a robot, etc. It is used to implement steps S101 to S104 and their corresponding embodiments.

[0148] Step S101. Receive the access permission configuration instruction from the host computer according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module.

[0149] Specifically, the control module receives the access permission configuration instruction sent by the host computer (such as an access control management system) according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode (based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 protocol). Store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction (such as user ID, access time period, access control area, etc.) in the NFC control module. By receiving the permission configuration instruction quickly through the radio frequency layer communication mode, the permission configuration time is shortened. The permission information is stored in the NFC control module to ensure the security and reliability of the data. It supports dynamic update of permission information, facilitating the administrator to flexibly adjust the user access permission.

[0150] Step S102. Parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, and match and verify it with the permission information.

[0151] Specifically, the control module parses the authentication data (such as user ID, encryption information, etc.) sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode (based on the ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocol). Match and verify the parsed authentication data with the permission information stored in the NFC control module.

[0152] The application layer communication mode supports the parsing of complex data packets to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the authentication data. The real-time parsing and verification mechanism shortens the response time of the access control system. It supports multiple authentication data formats and is applicable to readers and cards from different manufacturers.

[0153] Step S103. If the authentication data passes the verification, generate an access control instruction and send it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device.

[0154] Specifically, if the authentication data passes the verification, the control module generates an access control instruction (such as opening or closing the door lock). Send the access control instruction to the target access control device through the serial bus interface. After receiving the instruction, the target access control device triggers the opening or closing action of the door lock.

[0155] Generate an access control instruction according to the verification result to ensure the accuracy of the door lock action. The serial bus interface supports high-speed data transmission and shortens the instruction execution time. It supports multiple access control devices and is applicable to access control systems in different scenarios.

[0156] Step S104. Dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, send encrypted warning information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0157] Specifically, the control module dynamically monitors the feedback signal of the access control device (such as the door lock status, device operation status). If an abnormal operation (such as illegally opening the door lock) or timeout without response (such as device failure) is detected, the control module generates warning information. Send the encrypted warning information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0158] The dynamic monitoring mechanism ensures that the status of the access control device is visible in real time, facilitating the administrator to discover problems in a timely manner. The detection mechanism for abnormal operations and timeout without response improves the security of the access control system. The warning information is encrypted and sent through the NFC interface to ensure the security of data transmission.

[0159] Through the combination of radio frequency layer and application layer communication modes, the efficiency and reliability of permission configuration, authentication verification, and access control are achieved. Permission information is stored in the NFC control module, supporting dynamic updates and encrypted transmission to ensure data security and system flexibility. Through the dynamic monitoring and exception warning mechanism, the intelligence level of the access control system is improved, reducing the need for manual intervention. The method supports a variety of access control devices and readers, and is applicable to various scenarios such as office buildings, residential areas, factories, etc.

[0160] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, the control method of the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module and the specific working processes of each step described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module embodiments described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0161] The embodiment of the present application also provides a control device for a serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module. The control device for the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module is used to execute the steps of the control method of the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module shown in the above embodiments. The control device for the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module can be a single server or a server cluster, or the control device for the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module can be a terminal, and the terminal can be a handheld terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable device, or a robot, etc.

[0162] The control device for the serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module includes:

[0163] A permission storage unit, configured to receive an access permission configuration instruction from a host computer according to a preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module;

[0164] A matching verification unit, configured to parse the authentication data sent by an external reader in real time through an NFC interface according to a preset application layer communication mode, and perform matching verification with the permission information;

[0165] A verification passed unit, configured to generate an access control instruction and send it to a target access control device through the serial port bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device if the authentication data passes the verification;

[0166] An encryption warning unit, configured to dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device, and send an encrypted warning message to the external reader through the NFC interface if an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected.

[0167] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working processes of the control device and each unit of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the embodiments of the control method of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module described in the above embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0168] The above control method of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module can be implemented in the form of a computer program, and this computer program can run on the above device.

[0169] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which is a schematic block diagram of the structure of the control module provided by the embodiments of the present application. The control module includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected through a device bus. Among them, the memory can include a storage medium and an internal memory.

[0170] The storage medium can store an operating device and a computer program. This computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed, the processor can be made to execute any control method of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module.

[0171] The processor is used to provide computing and control capabilities to support the operation of the entire control module.

[0172] The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. When this computer program is executed by the processor, the processor can be made to execute any control method of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module.

[0173] This network interface is used for network communication, such as sending assigned tasks, etc. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 3 the structure shown in

[0174] It should be understood that the processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Among them, the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.

[0175] Among them, in one embodiment, the processor is used to run a computer program stored in a memory to implement the following steps:

[0176] Receive the access permission configuration instruction from the host computer according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module;

[0177] Parse the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, and perform matching verification with the permission information;

[0178] If the authentication data passes the verification, generate an access control instruction and send it to the target access control device through the serial bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device;

[0179] Dynamically monitor the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, send an encrypted alarm message to the external reader through the NFC interface.

[0180] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the above-described processor can refer to the corresponding process in the method embodiments described in the above various embodiments, and will not be elaborated here.

[0181] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions to implement the steps of the control method of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module provided in the above various embodiments of the present application.

[0182] Among them, the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the control module described in the foregoing embodiments, such as the hard disk or memory of the control module. The computer-readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the control module, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the control module, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) card, a Flash Card, etc.

[0183] The above is only the specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, characterized in that, Including: A circuit board body, which is arranged in a preset home access control scenario; An NFC control module, which is arranged on the circuit board body. The NFC control module performs near-field radio frequency communication with an external reader through an NFC interface, and at the same time communicates with a host computer through the serial bus interface of the circuit board body to realize the bidirectional transparent conversion of NFC protocol data and serial bus data; A control module, which is arranged inside the NFC control module or independently arranged on the circuit board body, and is used to receive the access permission configuration instruction of the host computer according to a preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and store the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module; According to a preset application layer communication mode, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface, including: the control module obtains the radio frequency signal strength received by the NFC interface; if the radio frequency signal strength is lower than -25dBm, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode; and / or, the control module obtains the idle duration corresponding to the target access control device. If the idle duration is greater than the preset duration, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface according to the radio frequency layer communication mode; and it is matched and verified with the permission information; if the authentication data is verified to be passed, a door access control instruction is generated and sent to the target access control device through the serial bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device; the feedback signal of the access control device is dynamically monitored. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, an encrypted alarm message is sent to the external reader through the NFC interface; The authentication data at least includes the current user authentication duration and the current door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device; before parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, it further includes: the control module obtains the historical user authentication duration and the historical door lock opening frequency corresponding to the target access control device through the NFC interface; the control module calculates an anomaly index according to the current user authentication duration, the current opening frequency, the historical user authentication duration and the historical door lock opening frequency. If it is determined that the authentication data is abnormal according to the anomaly index, a secondary verification message is sent through the reader, so that after the secondary verification is passed, the authentication data sent by the external reader is parsed in real time through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode; if the opening action of the door lock of the target access control device is triggered, the control module sends an infrared learning code through the NFC interface to start the smart home device associated with the target access control device; if the closing action of the door lock of the target access control device is triggered and no personnel enter or leave the home access control scenario within the preset duration range, the control module generates an energy-saving mode instruction and issues it to the energy-saving device through the serial bus interface; The energy-saving device at least includes an air conditioner.

2. The serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that In the radio frequency layer communication mode, the circuit board body supplies power to the antenna matching circuit of the NFC control module; In the application layer communication mode, the circuit board body supplies full power to the digital baseband processing unit and the encryption coprocessor of the NFC control module.

3. The serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module according to claim 1, wherein The permission information includes temporary access permission data and solidified permission data; the NFC control module is built with an EEPROM memory, the permission information is stored in the EEPROM memory, and the EEPROM memory is divided into a first buffer and a second buffer; The first buffer stores the temporary access permission data; The second buffer stores the solidified permission data, and the solidified permission data in the second buffer is only allowed to be rewritten after the physical fuse bit is triggered.

4. The serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module according to claim 3, wherein, The matching verification with the permission information includes: The control module performs matching verification on the authentication data and the temporary access permission data in the first buffer data. If the verification fails, it performs matching verification with the solidified permission data in the second buffer.

5. The serial port transparent NFC dual-interface communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication protocol of the NFC interface is ISO / IEC 14443-A. The radio frequency layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-3 protocol, the application layer communication mode is generated based on the ISO / IEC 14443-4 protocol, the working frequency of the NFC interface is 13.56 MHz, and the data transmission rate of the NFC interface is 106 Kbps.

6. The serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module according to claim 1, characterized in that The voltage of the power input terminal of the circuit board body is 5V, the end field strength range of the circuit board body is 1.5 to 7.5 A / m, and the working temperature range of the circuit board body is -40 to 85 °C.

7. A control method for a serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module, characterized in that, Applied to the control module of the serial port transparent transmission NFC dual-interface communication module according to any one of claims 1-6, the method includes: Receiving the access permission configuration instruction from the host computer according to the preset radio frequency layer communication mode, and storing the permission information corresponding to the access permission configuration instruction in the NFC control module; Real-time parsing the authentication data sent by the external reader through the NFC interface according to the preset application layer communication mode, and performing matching verification with the permission information; If the authentication data is verified to be passed, generating an access control instruction and sending it to the target access control device through the serial port bus interface to trigger the opening or closing action of the door lock of the target access control device; Dynamically monitoring the feedback signal of the access control device. If an abnormal operation or timeout without response is detected, sending encrypted alarm information to the external reader through the NFC interface.

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