Direct-current quick charging method and system for two-wheeled vehicle

Abstract

The system comprises a battery pack state detection module, a current pulse setting module, a layered power supply adjustment module, an electric energy conversion module, a charging process dynamic switching module and a charging parameter recording module. According to the method, the charge state, the health state, the single cell voltage difference and the temperature state of the battery pack are monitored in real time, and the operation data of the battery pack are accurately obtained. Therefore, a foundation is laid for dynamic selection of charging strategies, it is ensured that the decision of each charging stage is based on the real-time state of the battery, low efficiency or risks caused by inaccurate state judgment in a traditional charging method are avoided, and meanwhile a guarantee is provided for the safety of the charging process. Through dynamic monitoring, layered adjustment and intelligent mode switching, the charging speed and safety are comprehensively improved, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and an efficient and reliable solution is provided for the quick charging technology of the two-wheeled vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicle battery management, and in particular to a two-wheeled vehicle direct current fast charging method and system. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicle battery management mainly focuses on the monitoring, control, maintenance and optimization of electric vehicle batteries, with the core goal of ensuring the safety, efficiency and life extension of batteries. This field involves multiple key technologies, including battery status monitoring (such as state of charge SOC, health state SOH, single cell voltage and temperature monitoring), dynamic optimization of the charging and discharging process (such as fast charging, balanced charging, trickle charging and other mode management), battery balancing technology (improving consistency by adjusting the voltage and capacity differences between single cells), and thermal management technology (ensuring that the battery operates within a safe temperature range through effective heat dissipation or heat regulation). In addition, battery management also covers the detection and protection measures for abnormal battery conditions (such as overcharge, over-discharge, overheating or short-circuit protection), as well as data collection and analysis to improve battery performance and support subsequent maintenance. As the core technical support for the development of smart electric vehicles, the field of battery management plays an important role in extending battery life, improving endurance, ensuring charging safety, and promoting the popularization of new energy vehicles.

[0003] At present, during the charging process of the battery pack, due to the insufficient accuracy of state monitoring, key parameters such as the state of charge of the battery pack, the voltage difference of the single cell and the temperature are difficult to be fully grasped, resulting in a lack of pertinence in the charging process. Not only does it make the charging efficiency low at low charge state, making it difficult to meet the demand for rapid energy replenishment, but it may also cause overcharging or undercharging due to the imbalance between the cells, further exacerbating battery loss. In addition, the large amount of heat generated during the charging process has not been effectively managed. This heat accumulation not only increases the risk of overheating of the battery pack, but also poses a hidden danger to charging safety. At the same time, the switching of charging modes is usually relatively simple and rigid, and cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the dynamic needs of the battery pack at different charging stages, thereby reducing the charging efficiency and increasing the possibility of overcharging and damaging the battery. Moreover, existing charging technologies often lack the recording and analysis of the parameters of the entire charging process, and cannot provide reliable data support for subsequent battery maintenance and performance optimization, further limiting the intelligence and efficiency of battery management. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims at the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a direct current fast charging method and system for a two-wheeled vehicle.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method, the method comprising:

[0006] Detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0007] Setting a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval;

[0008] In the process of intermittently providing high current pulses, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time through the pulse interval and the difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored in the pulse interval;

[0009] During the pulse charging process, the excess heat generated by the device and battery pack is captured, converted into electrical energy, and pushed as auxiliary power supply;

[0010] During high-current pulse charging, the battery pack status is monitored in real time, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and the switching logic judgment rules are set. Based on the monitoring results, the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process are dynamically switched;

[0011] After the battery pack is fully charged, the entire charging process parameters are recorded and a battery health status report is generated.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the detection of the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of a single battery pack and temperature state of the battery pack, and dynamic selection of a charging strategy for the battery pack according to the detection results specifically include:

[0013] Establish a connection with the battery pack, monitor the battery pack in real time, and initialize all sensors;

[0014] The battery pack status is judged by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current and time parameters. If the battery pack is in load operation, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current and temperature to predict the battery pack state of charge.

[0015] Measure the voltage value of each single cell in the battery pack one by one, and calculate the voltage difference between the single cell with the highest voltage and the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack;

[0016] The temperature of the battery pack and single cells is monitored in real time through temperature sensors, and initial low-amplitude pulse charging is used to assist in heating.

[0017] The charging strategy is dynamically selected based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference and temperature status.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the predicted state of charge of the battery pack is specifically:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, SOC(t) is the state of charge of the battery pack at time t, which means the percentage of the current power stored in the battery pack to the rated capacity. SOC(t0) means the state of charge of the battery at the initial time t0. Q nominal Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when fully charged. It represents the current integral in the time interval [t0,], which represents the total amount of electricity flowing into and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. I(t) is the charging current, and Δt is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention, the setting of the charge threshold interval of the state of charge, when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, intermittently provides high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack, specifically including:

[0022] Set the charge threshold range of the state of charge for the battery pack to distinguish the trigger conditions of different charging modes, including:

[0023] When the state of charge of the battery pack is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the rated current of the battery pack is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second according to the temperature of the battery pack;

[0024] Real-time monitoring of the charge status changes of the battery pack during the charging process, and dynamic judgment of the charging status of the battery pack;

[0025] When the charge state of the battery pack gradually approaches the minimum value of the charge threshold interval, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the charge state and the minimum value;

[0026] In each pulse interval, the single cells in the battery pack are independently monitored, and the highest and lowest values ​​of the cell voltage and the temperature of the battery pack are recorded;

[0027] During the pulse charging process, the battery pack status is detected in real time. If the internal resistance of the battery pack is detected to be abnormally increased, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after limitation, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, I pulse The current amplitude of the current pulse charging, I maxis the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, SOC is the current state of charge of the battery pack, SOC low The minimum threshold of the state of charge, SOC high is the highest threshold of the state of charge, and α is the current adjustment factor;

[0031]

[0032] Among them, f pulae is the current pulse charging frequency, f max is the maximum pulse frequency, f min is the minimum pulse frequency, and β is the frequency adjustment factor.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored in the pulse interval, specifically:

[0034] During the pulse interval, the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack is sampled in real time, and the voltage difference between the highest and lowest values ​​of the single cell voltage is calculated and recorded;

[0035] During the pulse interval, the temperature of the battery cells is sampled and the overall average temperature is calculated. At the same time, the temperature change trend is detected to determine whether there is an overheating risk.

[0036] Set a difference threshold. When the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, start the hierarchical power supply logic. According to the single cell voltage sampling results, select the cell with the lowest voltage as the priority supplementary cell and the cell with the highest voltage as the priority restricted cell. Dynamically allocate different charging currents to each single cell according to the cell type, while keeping the voltage of all cells consistent.

[0037] Real-time detection of the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle;

[0038] After completing the tiered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the tiered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

[0039] As a further solution of the present invention, the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle are dynamically adjusted as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, I′ pulse Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, ΔV indicates the current cell voltage difference, ΔV threshold represents the difference threshold, k v is the voltage difference influencing factor, T is the current average temperature of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, T max is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, k t is the temperature influence factor;

[0042]

[0043] Among them, f′ pulse It represents the frequency of the next pulse cycle, γ and δ represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency respectively;

[0044]

[0045] Among them, T off Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

[0046] As a further solution of the present invention, the setting switching logic judgment rule dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically:

[0047] During high current pulse charging, real-time acquisition of battery pack status parameters;

[0048] When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of balanced charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80%, and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the high current pulse charging is switched to the balanced charging process;

[0049] When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95%, and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process switches to the trickle charging process.

[0050] As a further solution of the present invention, during the equalization charging process and the trickle charging process, the current amplitude and the pulse frequency are adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, I″ pulse Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, f″ pulse Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

[0053] Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system, the system comprising:

[0054] The battery pack status detection module is used to detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0055] A current pulse setting module, used to set a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack;

[0056] The layered power supply adjustment module is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time and set the difference threshold during the pulse interval when intermittently providing high current pulses. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and at the same time monitor the battery pack voltage difference and temperature during the pulse interval;

[0057] The power conversion module is used to capture the excess heat generated by the device and battery pack during the pulse charging process, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it as auxiliary power supply;

[0058] The dynamic switching module of the charging process is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during the high-current pulse charging process, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set the switching logic judgment rules. Based on the monitoring results, it dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process;

[0059] The charging parameter recording module is used to record the parameters of the entire charging process and generate a battery health status report after the battery pack is fully charged.

[0060] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that this step accurately obtains the operating data of the battery pack by real-time monitoring of the state of charge, health state, single cell voltage difference and temperature state of the battery pack. This lays the foundation for the dynamic selection of the charging strategy, ensures that the decision of each charging stage is based on the real-time state of the battery, avoids the inefficiency or risk caused by inaccurate state judgment in traditional charging methods, and provides a guarantee for the safety of the charging process. In addition, intermittent high-current pulse charging is used under low SOC conditions, which significantly improves the charging speed, and adapts to different battery states by dynamically adjusting the pulse current amplitude and frequency. While charging efficiently, the system can accurately monitor the voltage and temperature of the single cell in the pulse gap to provide a reference for subsequent charging strategies. This method not only meets the demand for fast charging, but also avoids the problem of overheating or uneven voltage of the single cell caused by too fast charging.

[0061] When the cell voltage difference exceeds the threshold, the voltage balance in the battery pack is dynamically adjusted by giving priority to replenishing the cell with the lowest voltage and limiting the cell with the highest voltage. At the same time, pulse parameters such as current amplitude, frequency and interval time will also be optimized according to the adjustment effect. This refined monitoring and adjustment method can not only reduce the imbalance between cells in the battery pack and improve the service life, but also ensure that the charging process is always in a safe operating state.

[0062] When the battery pack SOC gradually approaches the high threshold, the system switches from high-current pulse charging to balanced charging, and reduces the voltage difference between cells by further reducing the current amplitude and pulse frequency. When the SOC exceeds 95% and the total voltage reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, it switches to the trickle charging stage, completing the charging process with an extremely low current to protect the battery from overcharging damage. This step-by-step switching of charging modes not only improves the charging efficiency, but also ensures the safety and health of the battery throughout the process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] Figure 1 A flow chart of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 2 A flowchart of detecting the state of a battery pack and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 3 A flow chart of intermittently providing high current pulses during battery pack charging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 4 A flowchart of triggering the hierarchical power supply logic and gradually adjusting the voltage of a single cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 5 A flow chart of setting a switching logic judgment rule provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and dynamically switching between a balanced charging process and a trickle charging process based on monitoring results;

[0068] Figure 6 A structural block diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0070] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0071] In the description of the present application, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration or description". Any embodiment described as "for example" in the present application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any technician in the field to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.

[0072] Figure 1 A flow chart of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0073] S100, detecting the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of a single battery pack, and temperature state of the battery pack, and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack according to the detection results;

[0074] In this step, first establish a connection with the battery pack through the battery management system to ensure the stability and accuracy of real-time monitoring. At this time, initialize all sensors, including voltage sensors, current sensors, and temperature sensors, to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of subsequent monitoring data. Next, obtain the voltage, current, time and other parameters of the battery pack through real-time monitoring to make a preliminary judgment on the current working state of the battery pack. If the battery pack is in a load operation state, that is, the battery is not only used for energy storage, but also to provide power for the two-wheeled vehicle, a dynamic state of charge prediction model is established based on multi-dimensional parameters (such as the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack) to ensure that the calculation of the state of charge is more in line with actual usage.

[0075] In addition, the voltage value of each single cell in the battery pack is measured one by one, and the voltage difference between the single cell with the highest voltage and the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack is calculated. The calculation result of the voltage difference can intuitively reflect the balance state in the battery pack. If the voltage difference is too large, it may indicate that some single cells are overcharged or undercharged, which needs to be adjusted in the subsequent charging strategy. At the same time, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the battery pack as a whole and each single cell in real time to ensure that the temperature distribution is within a safe range. If the battery pack temperature is detected to be low, the system will trigger a preliminary low-amplitude pulse charge, using a small amount of current to heat the battery pack and create a suitable environment for subsequent efficient charging.

[0076] After comprehensively analyzing the state of charge, voltage difference and temperature, the system will dynamically select a charging strategy based on the preset logic. The selection of this strategy not only takes into account the current state of the battery pack, but also combines its historical state and charging needs, such as selecting an efficient pulse charging mode, balanced charging mode or trickle charging mode to ensure the safety, charging efficiency and life extension of the battery pack.

[0077] By establishing a real-time connection and initializing the sensor, the accuracy of data collection is ensured, laying a solid foundation for subsequent status analysis. The dynamic prediction model of the state of charge is not only based on the precise calculation of mathematical formulas, but also combines the real-time operating status of the battery pack, so that the calculation results of the state of charge are closer to the actual usage, thus avoiding the errors that may occur in traditional methods. In addition, by measuring and analyzing the voltage difference of the single cells, the imbalance problem inside the battery pack can be quickly captured, providing a direct basis for optimizing the charging strategy. In terms of temperature monitoring, the introduction of the initial low-amplitude pulse charging heating design can effectively improve the charging efficiency in low-temperature environments, while reducing the damage of low temperature to battery performance.

[0078] like Figure 2 As shown, the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of a single battery pack, and temperature state of the battery pack are detected, and a charging strategy is dynamically selected for the battery pack according to the detection results, specifically including:

[0079] S110, establishing a connection with the battery pack, monitoring the battery pack in real time, and initializing all sensors;

[0080] S120, judging the state of the battery pack by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current and time parameters. If the battery pack is in a load operation state, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current and temperature to predict the charge state of the battery pack.

[0081] S130, measuring the voltage value of each single cell in the battery pack one by one, and calculating the voltage difference between the single cell with the highest voltage and the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack;

[0082] S140, monitors the temperature of the battery pack and single cells in real time through temperature sensors, and assists in heating through initial low-amplitude pulse charging;

[0083] S150, dynamically selecting a charging strategy based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference and temperature state.

[0084] In this step, the predicted state of charge of the battery pack is specifically:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, SOC(t) is the state of charge of the battery pack at time t, which means the percentage of the current power stored in the battery pack to the rated capacity. SOC(t0) means the state of charge of the battery at the initial time t0. Q nominal Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when fully charged. It represents the current integral in the time interval [t0,], which represents the total amount of electricity flowing into and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. I(t) is the charging current, and Δt is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

[0087] S200, setting a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack;

[0088] This step first sets a reasonable state of charge (SOC) threshold range for the battery pack. This threshold range clarifies the trigger conditions for different charging modes. low When the system triggers the intermittent high current pulse charging mode, it generates a pulse current amplitude (I max ) to quickly improve the battery charging efficiency. During this process, the system will also adjust the frequency of pulse charging based on the battery pack temperature status. pulse The specific adjustment range is 50-100 times per second. By dynamically adjusting the pulse frequency to adapt to the actual state of the battery pack, a balance between charging efficiency and safety is achieved.

[0089] In order to maintain accurate control of the battery pack status during the charging process, the system monitors the change trend of SOC in real time. low When the system will be based on SOC and SOC low The difference between them is used to dynamically adjust the pulse current amplitude and pulse frequency.

[0090] As the SOC gradually increases, the pulse current amplitude will gradually decrease, thereby reducing the risk of overcharging.

[0091] When SOC approaches SOC low When charging, the pulse frequency gradually decreases to ensure a smoother and more accurate charging process.

[0092] In each pulse interval, the system will independently monitor each single cell in the battery pack, record the highest and lowest values ​​of the cell voltage, and collect the overall temperature data of the battery pack in real time. This design can not only capture subtle changes in the state of the battery pack, but also provide a basis for subsequent adjustments to the charging strategy. The system will also continuously detect the internal resistance state of the battery pack during pulse charging. If an abnormal increase in internal resistance is detected, the maximum pulse current amplitude will be immediately limited. If the internal resistance continues to increase after limitation, the system will trigger a protection mechanism, cut off the charging current and feedback an alarm message to the user, thereby avoiding battery damage or safety accidents caused by abnormal internal resistance.

[0093] This step fully combines the requirements of fast charging and charging safety, and realizes efficient, safe and intelligent battery charging management through pulse charging. First, this step uses the set SOC threshold range and dynamically adjusted pulse current amplitude and frequency to provide a high degree of flexibility and adaptability for the charging process. By real-time monitoring of the SOC change trend and dynamically adjusting the pulse parameters, the system can find the best balance between charging efficiency and battery life, avoiding adverse effects on battery performance due to excessive current or too fast charging.

[0094] Independent monitoring and recording of single cells during pulse intervals greatly improves the level of refined management of the charging process. Real-time monitoring of the voltage difference of single cells and the overall temperature of the battery pack can quickly detect possible imbalances or potential hidden dangers inside the battery pack, providing an important reference for the subsequent adjustment of charging strategies. In addition, the introduction of the internal resistance monitoring function has significantly improved charging safety. When the internal resistance increases abnormally, limiting the pulse current amplitude or cutting off the charging current can effectively protect the battery pack from damage, thereby extending the battery life.

[0095] This step also provides an optimized solution for rapid recovery from low SOC. Through scientific adjustment of high pulse current and frequency, the battery pack SOC can be increased to a safe range in a relatively short period of time, while avoiding overheating or overcharging problems throughout the process. This fast and safe charging mode is very suitable for the use of two-wheeled vehicles, especially when electric two-wheeled vehicles need to be charged quickly to meet the needs of frequent use in a short period of time, which can bring great convenience and trust to users.

[0096] like Figure 3 As shown, the charge threshold interval of the state of charge is set, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack, specifically including:

[0097] S210, setting a charge threshold range of the state of charge for the battery pack, distinguishing trigger conditions of different charging modes, including:

[0098] When the state of charge of the battery pack is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the rated current of the battery pack is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second according to the temperature of the battery pack;

[0099] S220, real-time monitoring of the charge state change of the battery pack during the charging process, and dynamic determination of the charge state of the battery pack;

[0100] S230, when the charge state of the battery pack gradually approaches the minimum value of the charge threshold interval, adjusting the current amplitude and pulse frequency according to the difference between the charge state and the minimum value;

[0101] S240, in each pulse interval, independently monitoring the single cells in the battery pack, and recording the highest and lowest values ​​of the cell voltages, and the temperature of the battery pack;

[0102] S250, during the pulse charging process, the battery pack status is detected in real time. If the internal resistance of the battery pack is detected to be abnormally increased, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after the limitation, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given.

[0103] In this step, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically:

[0104]

[0105] Among them, I pulse The current amplitude of the current pulse charging, I max is the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, SOC is the current state of charge of the battery pack, SOC low The minimum threshold of the state of charge, SOC high is the highest threshold of the state of charge, and α is the current adjustment factor;

[0106]

[0107] Among them, f pulse is the current pulse charging frequency, f max is the maximum pulse frequency, f min is the minimum pulse frequency, and β is the frequency adjustment factor.

[0108] S300, in the process of intermittently providing high current pulses, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time through the pulse interval and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored in the pulse interval;

[0109] This step ensures the safety and balance of the charging process by finely monitoring and dynamically adjusting the status of the battery pack's single cells during the intervals of high-current pulse charging. Specifically, the system first samples the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack in real time, and records the difference between the highest voltage value and the lowest voltage value (ie, the voltage difference) to evaluate the internal balance of the battery pack. At the same time, the system also samples the temperature of each single cell, calculates the overall average temperature of the battery pack, and analyzes the temperature change trend to distinguish whether there is an overheating risk. Through the collection and analysis of these real-time data, the system can accurately grasp the health status of the battery pack.

[0110] When it is detected that the voltage difference of a single cell exceeds the preset threshold range, the tiered power supply logic will be triggered. Based on the real-time monitored cell voltage data, the tiered power supply logic gives priority to the single cell with the lowest voltage for charging compensation and allocates more charging current to the cell. For the single cell with the highest voltage, its charging current is limited to prevent overcharging. The specific current distribution is dynamically adjusted according to the cell type (such as lithium battery or nickel-metal hydride battery) and actual needs to ensure that the voltage difference of all single cells is gradually reduced and tends to be consistent. This process is implemented through a distributed control algorithm to perform refined dynamic allocation of the charging current of each single cell.

[0111] While completing the tiered power supply, the system will also dynamically calculate the key parameters of the next pulse charging cycle based on the adjusted monitoring data, including current amplitude, pulse frequency, and pulse interval time. When the battery cell voltage difference or temperature deviates from the ideal state, the pulse current amplitude will be reduced accordingly to balance safety and charging efficiency. Similarly, the adjustment of pulse frequency and pulse interval time are dynamically optimized according to the current battery cell state to ensure that the charging process adapts to the actual situation.

[0112] After completing the layered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, the system will re-collect the voltage data of the single cell and analyze the effect of the consistency adjustment. If the voltage difference still exceeds the set threshold, the system will repeat the layered power supply logic and continue to optimize the distribution current until the voltage difference of all single cells returns to the normal range. Once the adjustment is completed and the threshold requirements are met, the system will mark the consistency adjustment completed and continue the pulse charging process.

[0113] This step can quickly detect and identify potential imbalance problems and overheating risks within the battery pack by sampling the voltage and temperature of the single cell in real time during the pulse interval. This refined monitoring avoids overcharging or undercharging caused by differences in the performance of the single cell, extending the overall service life of the battery pack.

[0114] The introduction of hierarchical power supply logic is a highlight of this step. By dynamically allocating the charging current, the system can independently optimize the specific conditions of each battery cell to ensure that the battery cell voltage gradually tends to be consistent. This refined adjustment based on the characteristics of the single battery cell not only improves the charging efficiency, but also improves the balance of the entire battery pack, preventing local overheating or performance degradation caused by inconsistent voltage.

[0115] By dynamically adjusting pulse parameters (such as current amplitude, frequency, and interval time), the adaptability of the charging process is further enhanced. In response to different voltage differences and temperature conditions, the system can flexibly adjust the charging mode to ensure that the charging process is always safe and efficient. This dynamic optimization mechanism greatly reduces the loss of the battery pack during fast charging, while meeting the actual needs of users for fast charging.

[0116] Finally, the cyclic correction mechanism of this step provides a strong guarantee for the charging process. When the initial effect of consistency adjustment is not ideal, the system can automatically repeat the layered power supply logic until the cell voltage difference meets the requirements. This iterative optimization method ensures the reliability and consistency of the charging results, laying a solid foundation for subsequent charging cycles.

[0117] like Figure 4 As shown, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse interval, specifically:

[0118] S310, during the pulse interval, sampling the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack in real time, calculating and recording the voltage difference between the highest value and the lowest value of the single cell voltage;

[0119] S320, during the pulse interval, sampling the temperature of the single cells of the battery pack, calculating the overall average temperature, and detecting the temperature change trend to determine whether there is an overheating risk;

[0120] S330, setting a difference threshold, when the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, starting the hierarchical power supply logic, selecting the cell with the lowest voltage as the priority supplementary cell and the cell with the highest voltage as the priority restricted cell according to the cell voltage sampling result, dynamically allocating different charging currents to each cell according to the cell type, and maintaining the voltage of all cells consistent;

[0121] S340, detecting the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature state in real time, and dynamically adjusting the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle;

[0122] S350, after completing the layered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the layered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

[0123] In this step, the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle are dynamically adjusted as follows:

[0124]

[0125] Among them, I′ pulse Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, ΔV indicates the current cell voltage difference, ΔV threshold represents the difference threshold, k v is the voltage difference influencing factor, T is the current average temperature of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, T max is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, k t is the temperature influence factor;

[0126]

[0127] Among them, f′ pulse It represents the frequency of the next pulse cycle, γ and δ represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency respectively;

[0128]

[0129] Among them, T off Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

[0130] S400, during the pulse charging process, captures the excess heat generated by the device and battery pack, converts the heat into electrical energy, and pushes it as auxiliary power supply;

[0131] S500 monitors the battery pack status in real time during high-current pulse charging, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and sets switching logic judgment rules. Based on the monitoring results, it dynamically switches between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process.

[0132] like Figure 5As shown, the setting switching logic judgment rule dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically:

[0133] S510, collecting state parameters of the battery pack in real time during the high current pulse charging process;

[0134] S520, when the state of charge reaches the trigger point of balanced charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80%, and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, switching from high current pulse charging to balanced charging process;

[0135] S530, when the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95%, and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process is switched to the trickle charging process.

[0136] This step is responsible for dynamically switching the charging mode to meet the charging needs at different stages according to the changes in the current state of the battery pack in the later stage of high-current pulse charging, thereby achieving efficient and safe management of the entire charging process. During the high-current pulse charging process, the system collects multiple key parameters of the battery pack in real time, including the state of charge, the total voltage of the battery pack, the voltage difference of the single cell, and the temperature of the battery pack. These data are monitored and analyzed in real time by the battery management system (BMS), providing a comprehensive basis for the subsequent switching of charging modes and parameter adjustments.

[0137] First, when the battery pack's state of charge reaches the highest value of the set threshold range, that is, the battery power gradually approaches saturation, the system will trigger a logical judgment to decide whether to switch from the high-current pulse charging mode to a safer and more balanced charging method. If the battery pack's state of charge is monitored to exceed 80%, and the voltage difference between the single cells exceeds the preset threshold ΔV threshold , the system will immediately switch from high current pulse charging to balanced charging process. During the balanced charging process, the system precisely controls the current amplitude I″ pulse and pulse frequency f″ pulse , the voltage difference of the single battery cells is further adjusted to ensure that the voltages of all battery cells tend to be consistent.

[0138] Through the above adjustments, as the SOC gradually increases, the charging current amplitude and pulse frequency will gradually decrease, making the charging process gentler, while further reducing the cell voltage difference and improving the consistency of the battery pack.

[0139] When the battery pack's state of charge is further increased to 95% (i.e., close to full saturation), and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the system will switch from balanced charging mode to trickle charging mode. In trickle charging mode, the charging current amplitude is greatly reduced, and the battery is supplemented with an extremely low charging current to make up for the energy loss caused by the lag in the electrochemical reaction in the battery, while effectively avoiding the risk of overcharging. The characteristics of trickle charging determine that it is mainly used in the final stage of power fine-tuning. By extending the charging time, the purpose of fully protecting the battery and maximizing the battery life is achieved.

[0140] In addition, the system always maintains global monitoring of the battery pack status during the entire process. If any abnormality is detected during the balanced charging or trickle charging process (such as a sharp increase in temperature, sudden voltage fluctuation, etc.), the system will immediately trigger the protection logic, suspend charging and issue an alarm to the user. This full-process dynamic monitoring mechanism ensures the efficiency and safety of the charging process.

[0141] This step provides intelligent management and refined control of the charging process, especially in terms of the logic judgment of mode switching and the ability to adjust dynamic parameters. First, through real-time monitoring of the battery pack status, the system can accurately determine the applicable scope of high-current pulse charging, and automatically switch to balanced charging or trickle charging mode when the state of charge reaches certain conditions. This multi-stage charging strategy design not only improves charging efficiency, but also effectively protects the life of the battery pack and avoids possible damage to the battery pack caused by high current.

[0142] The introduction of balanced charging mode significantly improves the consistency of cells within the battery pack. By dynamically adjusting the current amplitude and pulse frequency, balanced charging can gradually reduce the voltage difference between single cells, making the energy distribution within the battery pack more balanced. This not only helps to extend the overall service life of the battery pack, but also improves the discharge performance of the battery and enhances the vehicle's endurance.

[0143] The design of trickle charging mode further improves charging safety and reliability of the battery pack. The low-current charging method can minimize the risk of overcharging, while ensuring that the battery's energy is fully replenished by extending the charging time, providing users with longer battery life. Especially when the battery pack is close to being fully charged, trickle charging is particularly critical in regulating the electrochemical reaction in the battery, which can reduce the accumulation of internal stress in the battery and reduce the aging rate.

[0144] In addition, the dynamic monitoring and protection mechanism of this step provides safety protection for the entire charging process. Whether in the balanced charging or trickle charging stage, the system will monitor key parameters such as battery power, voltage and temperature in real time and respond to emergencies in a timely manner. This all-round safety monitoring capability not only enhances the reliability of the charging system, but also provides users with greater confidence in use.

[0145] In this step, during the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically:

[0146]

[0147] Among them, I″ pulse Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, f″ pulse Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

[0148] S600: After the battery pack is fully charged, the parameters of the entire charging process are recorded and a battery health status report is generated.

[0149] Figure 6 A structural block diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 6 As shown, the system comprises:

[0150] The battery pack status detection module 100 is used to detect the charge status, health status, voltage difference of the single battery pack and temperature status of the battery pack, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack according to the detection results;

[0151] The current pulse setting module 200 is used to set a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, a high current pulse is intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack;

[0152] The layered power supply adjustment module 300 is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time and set the difference threshold value during the intermittent high current pulse supply. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold value, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse interval.

[0153] The power conversion module 400 is used to capture the excess heat generated by the device and the battery pack during the pulse charging process, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it as auxiliary power supply;

[0154] The charging process dynamic switching module 500 is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during the high current pulse charging process, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set the switching logic judgment rules to dynamically switch the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results;

[0155] The charging parameter recording module 600 is used to record the parameters of the entire charging process and generate a battery health status report after the battery pack is fully charged.

[0156] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0157] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0158] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0159] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0160] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0161] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0162] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results; Setting a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval; In the process of intermittently providing high current pulses, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time through the pulse interval and the difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored in the pulse interval; During the pulse charging process, the excess heat generated by the device and battery pack is captured, converted into electrical energy, and pushed as auxiliary power supply; During high-current pulse charging, the battery pack status is monitored in real time, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and the switching logic judgment rules are set. Based on the monitoring results, the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process are dynamically switched; After the battery pack is fully charged, the entire charging process parameters are recorded and a battery health status report is generated.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The detecting the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of a single battery pack and temperature state of the battery pack, and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack according to the detection results specifically includes: Establish a connection with the battery pack, monitor the battery pack in real time, and initialize all sensors; The battery pack status is judged by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current and time parameters. If the battery pack is in load operation, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current and temperature to predict the battery pack state of charge. Measure the voltage value of each single cell in the battery pack one by one, and calculate the voltage difference between the single cell with the highest voltage and the single cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; The temperature of the battery pack and single cells is monitored in real time through temperature sensors, and initial low-amplitude pulse charging is used to assist in heating. The charging strategy is dynamically selected based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference and temperature status.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The predicted state of charge of the battery pack is specifically: Among them, SOC(t) is the state of charge of the battery pack at time t, which means the percentage of the current power stored in the battery pack to the rated capacity. SOC(t0) means the state of charge of the battery at the initial time t0. Q nominal Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when fully charged. It represents the current integral in the time interval [t0, t], which represents the total amount of electricity flowing into and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. I(t) is the charging current, and Δt is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The setting of the charge threshold interval of the state of charge, when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack, specifically includes: Set the charge threshold range of the state of charge for the battery pack to distinguish the trigger conditions of different charging modes, including: When the state of charge of the battery pack is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the rated current of the battery pack is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second according to the temperature of the battery pack; Real-time monitoring of the charge status changes of the battery pack during the charging process, and dynamic judgment of the charging status of the battery pack; When the charge state of the battery pack gradually approaches the minimum value of the charge threshold interval, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the charge state and the minimum value; In each pulse interval, the single cells in the battery pack are independently monitored, and the highest and lowest values ​​of the cell voltage and the temperature of the battery pack are recorded; During the pulse charging process, the battery pack status is detected in real time. If the internal resistance of the battery pack is detected to be abnormally increased, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after limitation, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically: Among them, I pulse The current amplitude of the current pulse charging, I max is the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, SOC is the current state of charge of the battery pack, SOC low The minimum threshold of state of charge, SOC high is the highest threshold of the state of charge, and α is the current adjustment factor; Among them, f pulse is the current pulse charging frequency, f max is the maximum pulse frequency, f min is the minimum pulse frequency, and β is the frequency adjustment factor.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the voltage of the single cell, and the voltage difference and temperature of the battery pack are monitored in the pulse interval. Specifically: During the pulse interval, the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack is sampled in real time, and the voltage difference between the highest and lowest values ​​of the single cell voltage is calculated and recorded; During the pulse interval, the temperature of the battery cells is sampled and the overall average temperature is calculated. At the same time, the temperature change trend is detected to determine whether there is an overheating risk. Set a difference threshold. When the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, start the hierarchical power supply logic. According to the single cell voltage sampling results, select the cell with the lowest voltage as the priority supplementary cell and the cell with the highest voltage as the priority restricted cell. Dynamically allocate different charging currents to each single cell according to the cell type, while keeping the voltage of all cells consistent. Real-time detection of the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle; After completing the tiered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the tiered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle is specifically as follows: Among them, I′ pulse Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, ΔV indicates the current cell voltage difference, ΔV threshold represents the difference threshold, k v is the voltage difference influencing factor, T is the current average temperature of the battery pack, T opt is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, T max is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, k t is the temperature influence factor; Among them, f′ pulse It represents the frequency of the next pulse cycle, γ and δ represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency respectively; Among them, T off Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The setting switching logic judgment rule dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically: During high current pulse charging, real-time acquisition of battery pack status parameters; When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of balanced charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80%, and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the high current pulse charging is switched to the balanced charging process; When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95%, and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process switches to the trickle charging process.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that During the balanced charging process and trickle charging process, the current amplitude and pulse frequency will be adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically: Among them, I″ pulse Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, f″ pulse Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

10. A two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system, characterized in that: The system comprises: The battery pack status detection module is used to detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results; A current pulse setting module, used to set a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack; The layered power supply adjustment module is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time and set the difference threshold during the pulse interval when intermittently providing high current pulses. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage, and at the same time monitor the battery pack voltage difference and temperature during the pulse interval; The power conversion module is used to capture the excess heat generated by the device and battery pack during the pulse charging process, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it as auxiliary power supply; The dynamic switching module of the charging process is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during the high-current pulse charging process, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set the switching logic judgment rules. Based on the monitoring results, it dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process; The charging parameter recording module is used to record the parameters of the entire charging process and generate a battery health status report after the battery pack is fully charged.

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