A heaving plate wave energy generation buoy with variable cross-sectional area of water column and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable cross-sectional area of a water column and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of wave energy power generation buoys. It includes a buoy body, an air turbine is installed in the air outlet hole at the top of the buoy body, a central pipe located directly below the air outlet hole is arranged at the center of the bottom of the buoy body, a water column cavity communicating with the air outlet hole is formed between the outer side wall of the central pipe and the inner side wall of the buoy body, a heaving plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the central pipe, a plurality of uniformly distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the upper outer side wall of the central pipe and the middle inner side wall of the buoy body, a telescopic partition plate assembly that divides the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails, and a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism for driving the telescopic partition plate assembly to move along the horizontal guide rails is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail. The present invention can change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity according to sea conditions, and obtain the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wave energy power generation buoys, and particularly relates to a heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column and a method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wave energy, as part of ocean energy, is generated by the all-weather and periodic motion formed by the action of wind and seawater. Wave energy mainly consists of two forms of energy: kinetic energy and potential energy. As a green and renewable energy, wave energy has the advantages of wide distribution, huge energy reserves, clean and pollution-free, etc. The theoretical value of wave energy worldwide is about 109 kw magnitude, and the total power generation in the world today is much less than the total energy of wave energy. Therefore, wave energy power generation technology has broad prospects.

[0003] According to the working principle of wave energy collection devices, they can be mainly divided into oscillating water column type, overtopping type, oscillating float type, etc. At present, the oscillating water column type wave energy collection device is the mainstream of wave energy utilization. A heaving plate is a metal plate-like structure with a certain length and thickness. Common heaving plate structures include circular, square, triangular, etc., and are mainly applied to some large platforms. The capture characteristics of the platform can be improved by the additional damping and added mass provided by the heaving plate structure, changing the natural frequency of the platform, extending the heaving period, and enhancing the heaving response in the non-resonant area of the platform. The heaving plate can improve the wave energy collection ability of the oscillating water column type wave energy collection device. For example, the invention patent with the publication number CN118008672A proposes a wave energy power generation buoy and its variable thickness heaving plate and thickness change method, the invention patent with the publication number CN117550018A discloses a wave energy power generation buoy and its variable area heaving plate and control method, and the invention patent with the publication number CN117550017A proposes a Spar-shaped wave energy power generation buoy device and method with variable tail pipe length.

[0004] However, the sea conditions change all the time. In the existing heaving plate oscillating water column device, the area of the water column is fixed, resulting in the device being able to convert wave energy only within a relatively small wave period range, and the wave energy conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, a heaving plate wave energy device with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column is needed, which can adjust the water column area according to the wave conditions during the process of collecting wave energy to improve the wave energy conversion efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column and a method thereof to solve the defects existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column, which comprises a buoy body. An air outlet is arranged at the center of the top of the buoy body, and an air turbine is installed in the air outlet. A central pipe located directly below the air outlet is arranged at the center of the bottom of the buoy body. A water column cavity communicating with the air outlet is formed between the outer side wall of the central pipe and the inner side wall of the buoy body. The bottom end of the central pipe extends out of the buoy body and is fixedly connected with a heaving plate. A plurality of uniformly distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the upper outer side wall of the central pipe and the middle inner side wall of the buoy body. A telescopic partition plate assembly that divides the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails. A synchronous telescopic driving mechanism for driving the telescopic partition plate assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail.

[0008] Preferably, the telescopic partition plate assembly includes a first partition plate and a second partition plate. The first partition plate is L-shaped, and a guide hole for the horizontal guide rail to pass through is formed in the middle of the upper part of the first partition plate. A second partition plate capable of telescopically moving relative to the first partition plate is clamped between the left and right ends of adjacent two first partition plates, and the first partition plate and the second partition plate enclose a circle.

[0009] Preferably, telescopic chutes are respectively formed inside the left and right ends of the first partition plate. Anti-detachment clamping strips for preventing the second partition plate from detaching from the first partition plate are arranged at the openings of the telescopic chutes. The left and right ends of the second partition plate are respectively movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic chutes, and sliding convex strips matched with the anti-detachment clamping strips are respectively arranged at the left and right ends of the second partition plate.

[0010] Preferably, the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism includes an electric rocker and a connecting rod. The housing end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central pipe, the rocker end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first partition plate.

[0011] Preferably, a first hinge seat is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central pipe. The housing end of the electric rocker is hinged to the first hinge seat. A second hinge seat is fixed on the inner side wall of the first partition plate. The other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second hinge seat.

[0012] Preferably, the guide hole is U-shaped.

[0013] Preferably, the number of the horizontal guide rails is four.

[0014] Preferably, the buoy body is a hemispherical cover body that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom, and a cavity is arranged inside the side wall of the buoy body.

[0015] Preferably, the heaving plate is circular, and the diameter of the heaving plate is equal to the outer diameter of the bottom of the buoy body.

[0016] The present invention also provides a heaving plate wave energy generation method with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column, using the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy with a variable cross-sectional area of the water column, including the following steps:

[0017] S1. Set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency;

[0018] S2. Set the upper limit ω1 and the lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy is working normally;

[0019] S3. Detect the wave angular frequency ωi through the sensor;

[0020] S4. Judge whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the range of the active wave angular frequency. If not, the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy stops working. If so, monitor the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to determine the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity;

[0021] S5. Judge whether the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal. If so, maintain the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity. If not, drive the telescopic partition plate assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimum;

[0022] S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 with the time interval T as the period.

[0023] Preferably, in step S5, the specific method for judging whether the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal is as follows:

[0024] S51. Calculate the current natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy;

[0025] S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy with the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal. If the current natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy is different from the current wave angular frequency, the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, if the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal, drive the telescopic partition plate assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, so as to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, and further change the natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the heaving plate wave energy generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency. At this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimum.

[0027] Preferably, in step S5, according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy generating buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy generating buoy is calculated; according to the required additional mass, the telescopic partition assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism, so as to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, change the additional mass of the wave energy generating buoy, and thus change the natural frequency of the wave energy generating buoy until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy generating buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] In the present invention, the water column cavity between the outer side wall of the central pipe and the inner side wall of the buoy body is divided into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity by a telescopic partition assembly. The synchronous telescopic driving mechanism can drive the telescopic partition assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail between the upper outer side wall of the central pipe and the middle inner side wall of the buoy body, so that when the wave energy generating buoy is in different sea conditions, that is, when the wave angular frequency changes, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity can be changed according to the actual situation, that is, the cross-sectional areas of the inner oscillating water column and the outer oscillating water column are changed, thereby ensuring the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings, for those of ordinary skill in the art, can also obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a heaving plate wave energy generating buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a partial structural cross-sectional view of a heaving plate wave energy generating buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the buoy body in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the telescopic partition assembly and the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the first partition and the second partition in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic flow chart of a heaving plate wave energy generation method with variable cross-sectional area of water column according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Markings in the figure: 1. Buoy body; 2. Air outlet; 3. Air turbine; 4. Central tube; 5. Water column cavity, 51. Outer water column cavity, 52. Inner water column cavity; 6. Heaving plate; 7. Horizontal guide rail; 8. Telescopic partition assembly, 81. First partition, 82. Second partition; 9. Synchronous telescopic drive mechanism, 91. Electric rocker, 92. Connecting rod; 10. Cavity; 11. Guide hole; 12. First hinge seat; 13. Second hinge seat; 14. Telescopic chute; 15. Anti-detachment strip; 16. Sliding rib. Specific embodiments

[0038] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In order to make the above features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments are hereby given and detailed descriptions are made below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0039] As Figures 1 to 5 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a heaving plate wave energy generation buoy with variable cross-sectional area of water column, including a buoy body 1. An air outlet 2 is provided at the center of the top of the buoy body 1, and an air turbine 3 is installed in the air outlet 2. A central tube 4 is provided at the center of the bottom of the buoy body 1 and is located directly below the air outlet 2. A water column cavity 5 communicating with the air outlet 2 is formed between the outer side wall of the central tube 4 and the inner side wall of the buoy body 1. The bottom end of the central tube 4 extends out of the buoy body 1 and is fixedly connected to a heaving plate 6. A plurality of (such as four) evenly distributed horizontal guide rails 7 are fixedly connected between the upper outer side wall of the central tube 4 and the middle inner side wall of the buoy body 1. A telescopic partition assembly 8 that divides the water column cavity 5 into an outer water column cavity 51 and an inner water column cavity 52 is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails 7. A synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 for driving the telescopic partition assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail 7.

[0040] In this embodiment, the telescopic partition assembly 8 includes a first partition 81 and a second partition 82. The first partition 81 is L-shaped. A guide hole 11 for the horizontal guide rail 7 to pass through is provided in the middle of the upper part of the first partition 81. A second partition 82 that can telescopically move relative to the first partition 81 is clamped between the left and right ends of adjacent first partitions 81. The first partition 81 and the second partition 82 enclose a circle. Among them, the horizontal guide rail 7 is preferably not limited to a U-shaped profile (such as a channel steel), and the guide hole 11 is U-shaped.

[0041] In this embodiment, telescopic sliding grooves 14 are respectively provided inside the left and right ends of the first partition 81. An anti-detachment clamping strip 15 that prevents the second partition 82 from detaching from the first partition 81 is provided at the opening of the telescopic sliding groove 14. The left and right ends of the second partition 82 are respectively movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic sliding grooves 14. Sliding protrusions 16 that cooperate with the anti-detachment clamping strip 15 are respectively provided at the left and right ends of the second partition 82. In this embodiment, the second partition 82 can freely slide within the first partition 81 through the telescopic sliding grooves 14. When the first partition 81 moves outward along the horizontal guide rail 7, the second partition 82 gradually extends out of the telescopic sliding groove 14; when the first partition 81 moves inward along the horizontal guide rail 7, the second partition 82 gradually retracts into the telescopic sliding groove 14.

[0042] In this embodiment, the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism 9 includes an electric rocker 91 and a connecting rod 92. The housing end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to one end of the horizontal guide rail 7 close to the central tube 4. The rocker end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to one end of the connecting rod 92. The other end of the connecting rod 92 is hinged to the first partition 81. Among them, the electric rocker 91 is a prior art. It drives the rocker to swing up and down through a motor, and the rocker drives the connecting rod 92 to swing, so that the first partition 81 moves along the horizontal guide rail. Therefore, the electric rocker 91 can also be called an electric swing rod. Of course, the synchronous telescopic driving mechanism 9 can also adopt a driving mechanism such as an electric push rod.

[0043] In this embodiment, for the convenience of installation, a first hinge seat 12 is fixed to one end of the horizontal guide rail 7 close to the central tube 4. The housing end of the electric rocker 91 is hinged to the first hinge seat 12. A second hinge seat 13 is fixed to the inner side wall of the first partition 81. The other end of the connecting rod 92 is hinged to the second hinge seat 13.

[0044] In this embodiment, the buoy body 1 is a hemispherical cover body that is thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom. A cavity 10 is provided inside the side wall of the buoy body 1. The hollow structure can provide better buoyancy for the buoy body 1. The heaving plate 6 is circular. The diameter of the heaving plate 6 is equal to the outer diameter of the bottom of the buoy body 1. The function of the heaving plate 6 is to provide additional added mass and damping for the buoy.

[0045] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: The wave energy power generation buoy generates a certain relative motion with the waves under the action of the waves. The water column in the inner water column cavity 52 is like a piston, repeatedly pushing the air in the air outlet 2, and the reciprocating air flow drives the air turbine 3 to rotate, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. In order to ensure that the wave energy power generation buoy obtains the optimal wave energy conversion efficiency, the real-time ocean information at the location of the buoy is generally monitored, such as wave height, wave period, wave angular frequency, etc. The buoy body 1 of this embodiment measures the angular frequency of the current wave through the sensor (omitted in the figure) thereon, calculates the cross-sectional area ratio of the optimal outer water column cavity 51 and inner water column cavity 52 under the current wave condition, and then gives an instruction to the electric rocker 91 through the controller (omitted in the figure) thereon, so that the electric rocker 91 drives the four first partitions 81 to move inwards or outwards along the horizontal guide rail 7 through the connecting rod 92 to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52.

[0046] As Figures 1 to 6 shown, this embodiment also provides a heaving plate wave energy power generation method with variable water column cross-sectional area, using the variable water column cross-sectional area heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy as described above, including the following steps:

[0047] S1. Set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency;

[0048] S2. Set the upper limit ω1 and lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the wave energy power generation buoy is working normally;

[0049] S3. Detect the wave angular frequency ωi through the sensor;

[0050] S4. Judge whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the range of the active wave angular frequency. If not, the wave energy power generation buoy stops working. If so, monitor the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 to determine the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52;

[0051] S5. Judge whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is the best. If so, maintain the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52. If not, drive the telescopic partition assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7 through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 reaches the best;

[0052] S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 with the time interval T as the period.

[0053] In this embodiment, in step S5, the specific method for judging whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is the best is as follows:

[0054] S51. Calculate the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy;

[0055] S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy with the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, then the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is the best. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is different from the current wave angular frequency, then the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is not the best.

[0056] In this embodiment, in step S5, if the cross-sectional area ratio of the current outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 is not the best, then according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 is used to drive the telescopic partition assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7, so as to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52, and further change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency. At this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52 reaches the best.

[0057] In this embodiment, in step S5, according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is calculated; according to the required additional mass, the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism 9 is used to drive the telescopic partition assembly 8 to move along the horizontal guide rail 7, change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity 51 and the inner water column cavity 52, so that the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy changes, and then the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy can be changed until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

[0058] Among them, the natural frequency ω of the wave energy power generation buoy n The calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] ;

[0060] In the formula, m is the mass of the wave energy power generation buoy, A 33 is the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy, and c is the restoring force coefficient. The additional mass refers to the fact that when an object moves at a variable speed in a fluid, the force pushing the object not only has to do work to increase the kinetic energy of the object, but also has to do work to increase the kinetic energy of the surrounding fluid. Therefore, for an object with a certain mass to obtain an acceleration, the force applied to it will be greater than the product of the object mass and the acceleration. The increased part of the mass is the additional mass.

[0061] The additional mass A of the wave energy power generation buoy 33 The calculation formula is as follows:

[0062] ;

[0063] Among them, ρ is the density of seawater, S is the area of the heaving plate, H0 is the depth of seawater, and h is the depth of the heaving plate below the seawater surface. When the area of the inner water column cavity 52 is larger, the displacement volume of the buoy body 1 becomes larger and the draft depth becomes smaller, that is, the depth h of the heaving plate 6 below the seawater surface becomes smaller, then the added mass A 33 becomes smaller, and thus the natural frequency ω n becomes larger; on the contrary, it is the opposite.

[0064] The power generation efficiency η of the wave energy power generation buoy in this embodiment can be decomposed into three parts: the first part of the efficiency η1 represents the efficiency of the buoy converting wave energy into air kinetic energy; the second part of the efficiency η2 represents the efficiency of converting air kinetic energy into mechanical energy of the rotary air turbine; the third part of the efficiency η3 represents the impeller of the air turbine driving the generator to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. By combining the efficiencies of these three parts, the overall power generation efficiency η can be obtained, that is, η = η1 × η2 × η3. When applying the wave energy power generation buoy of the present invention, η2 can maintain a more stable state during the power generation process, so that the wave energy power generation buoy can achieve more efficient energy conversion under irregular wave conditions.

[0065] The content not disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is all prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area, characterized in that: It comprises a buoy body, wherein an air outlet is arranged at the top center of the buoy body, an air turbine is installed in the air outlet, a central tube is arranged at the bottom center of the buoy body and is located directly below the air outlet, a water column cavity connected to the air outlet is formed between the outer wall of the central tube and the inner wall of the buoy body, the bottom end of the central tube extends out of the buoy body and is fixedly connected with a vertical swing plate, a plurality of evenly distributed horizontal guide rails are fixedly connected between the upper outer wall of the central tube and the middle inner wall of the buoy body, a telescopic baffle assembly for dividing the water column cavity into an outer water column cavity and an inner water column cavity is slidably installed on the plurality of horizontal guide rails, and a synchronous telescopic driving mechanism for driving the telescopic baffle assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail is fixed at one end of the horizontal guide rail; The telescopic partition assembly includes a first partition and a second partition, the first partition is L-shaped, a guide hole for the horizontal guide rail to pass through is opened in the middle of the upper part of the first partition, and a second partition that can be telescopically moved relative to the first partition is clamped between the left and right ends of two adjacent first partitions, and the first partition and the second partition form a circle; The left and right ends of the first partition are provided with telescopic slots, and the openings of the telescopic slots are provided with anti-dropping strips to prevent the second partition from being separated from the first partition. The left and right ends of the second partition are respectively movably embedded in the corresponding telescopic slots, and the left and right ends of the second partition are respectively provided with sliding protrusions that cooperate with the anti-dropping strips. The synchronous telescopic driving mechanism includes an electric rocker and a connecting rod. The shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central tube, the rocker end of the electric rocker is hinged to one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the first partition.

2. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first hinge seat is fixed to one end of the horizontal guide rail close to the central tube, the shell end of the electric rocker is hinged to the first hinge seat, a second hinge seat is fixed to the inner side wall of the first partition, and the other end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second hinge seat.

3. The heave plate wave energy power generation buoy with variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy body is a hemispherical cover body which is thin at the top and thick at the bottom, and a cavity is arranged inside the side wall of the buoy body; the heave plate is circular, and the diameter of the heave plate is equal to the bottom outer diameter of the buoy body.

4. A method for wave energy power generation using a heaving plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area, using the heaving plate wave energy power generation buoy with a variable water column cross-sectional area as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: S1, set the time interval T for the sensor to detect the wave angular frequency; S2, setting the upper limit ω1 and lower limit ω2 of the active wave angular frequency when the wave energy power generation buoy is working normally; S3, detecting the wave angular frequency ωi through a sensor; S4, judging whether the current wave angular frequency ωi is within the active wave angular frequency range, if not, the wave energy power generation buoy stops working, if yes, monitoring the current state of the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism, so as to determine the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity; S5, judging whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal, if so, maintaining the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, if not, driving the telescopic partition assembly to move along the horizontal guide rail through the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism until the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimal ratio; S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 at a time interval T.

5. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S5, the specific method for determining whether the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal is as follows: S51, calculating the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy; S52. Compare the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are the same, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is optimal. If the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency are different, then the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal.

6. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S5, if the current cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity is not optimal, then according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, thereby changing the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy, so that the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is the same as the current wave angular frequency, and at this time, the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity reaches the optimal level.

7. The wave energy power generation method using a heave plate with a variable water column cross-sectional area according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, the additional mass required to change the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is calculated according to the difference between the current natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy and the current wave angular frequency; according to the additional mass required to be changed, the telescopic baffle assembly is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail by the synchronous telescopic drive mechanism to change the cross-sectional area ratio of the outer water column cavity and the inner water column cavity, so that the additional mass of the wave energy power generation buoy is changed, and the natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy can be changed until the changed natural frequency of the wave energy power generation buoy is equal to the current wave angular frequency.

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